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Transcultural Literary Studies: Politics, Theory, and Literary Analysis humanities Transcultural Literary Studies: Politics, Theory, and Literary Analysis Edited by Bernd Fischer Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Humanities www.mdpi.com/journal/humanities Transcultural Literary Studies: Politics, Theory, and Literary Analysis Special Issue Editor Bernd Fischer Special Issue Editor Bernd Fischer The Ohio State University USA Editorial Office MDPI AG St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Humanities (ISSN 2076-0787) in 2016 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/humanities/special_issues/transcultural_literary_st udies). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Author 1; Author 2; Author 3 etc. Article title. Journal Name. Year. Article number/page range. ISBN 978-3-03842-394-2 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-395-9 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is © 2017 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Table of Contents About the Guest Editor .............................................................................................................................. v Bernd Fischer Editorial to “Transcultural Literary Studies: Politics, Theory, and Literary Analysis” Reprinted from: Humanities 20167, 5(4), 86; doi: 10.3390/h5040086 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/4/86 ................................................................................................. vii Bernd Fischer Genealogies and Challenges of Transcultural Studies Reprinted from: Humanities 2017, 6(1), 4; doi: 10.3390/h6010004 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/6/1/4 ................................................................................................... 1 Albrecht Classen Transcultural Experiences in the Late Middle Ages: The German Literary Discourse on the Mediterranean World—Mirrors, Reflections, and Responses Reprinted from: Humanities 2015, 4(4), 676-701; doi: 10.3390/h4040676 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/4/4/676 ............................................................................................... 15 Claudia Nitschke Joachim Heinrich Campe’s Robinson the Younger: Universal Moral Foundations and Intercultural Relations Reprinted from: Humanities 2016, 5(2), 45; doi: 10.3390/h5020045 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/2/45 ................................................................................................. 36 Steven D. Martinson Transcultural Literary Interpretation: Theoretical Reflections with Examples from the Works of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Johann Wolfgang Goethe Reprinted from: Humanities 2016, 5(3), 65; doi: 10.3390/h5030065 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/65 ................................................................................................. 51 James F. Howell Recasting the Significant: The Transcultural Memory of Alexander von Humboldt’s Visit to Philadelphia and Washington, D.C. Reprinted from: Humanities 2016, 5(3), 49; doi: 10.3390/h5030049 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/3/49 ................................................................................................. 64 Arianna Dagnino Re-discovering Alessandro Spina’s Transculture/ality in The Young Maronite Reprinted from: Humanities 2016, 5(2), 42; doi: 10.3390/h5020042 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/2/42 ................................................................................................. 73 Eleonora Rao “I Felt Like My Life Had Been Given to Me to Start Over”: Alice Kaplan’s Language Memoir, French Lessons Reprinted from: Humanities 2016, 5(2), 47; doi: 10.3390/h5020047 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/2/47 ................................................................................................. 84 iii Valérie K. Orlando The Transnational Turn in African Literature of French Expression: Imagining Other Utopic Spaces in the Globalized Age Reprinted from: Humanities 2016, 5(2), 30; doi: 10.3390/h5020030 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/2/30 ................................................................................................. 93 James Tartaglia Transculturalism and the Meaning of Life Reprinted from: : Humanities 2016, 5(2), 25; doi: 10.3390/h5020025 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/2/25 ................................................................................................. 105 Inez Baranay Transcultural Space and the Writer Reprinted from: Humanities 2016, 5(2), 28; doi: 10.3390/h5020028 http://www.mdpi.com/2076-0787/5/2/28 ................................................................................................. 118 About the Guest Editor Bernd Fischer, Dr. phil., Universität Siegen, 1982; Professor of German at The Ohio State University since 1982; Department Chair, 1996–2008 and 2012–2014; Visiting appointments at Essen, Hamburg, Siegen, and Case Western Reserve University; Alexander von Humboldt Fellow, 1994, 2005, and 2016; Editor, The German Quarterly, 1997–1999; Books (selection): Ein anderer Blick—Saul Aschers politische Schriften (2016); Heinrich von Kleist and Modernity (2011, with Tim Mehigan); Cultural Politics and the Politics of Culture (2007, with Helen Fehervary); A Companion to the Works of Heinrich von Kleist (2003); Das Eigene und das Eigentliche: Klopstock, Herder, Fichte, Kleist. Episoden aus der Konstruktionsgeschichte nationaler Intentionalitäten (1996); Christoph Hein: Drama und Prosa im letzten Jahrzehnt der DDR (1990); Ironische Metaphysik: Die Erzählungen Heinrich von Kleists (1988); Kabale und Liebe: Skepsis und Melodrama in Schillers bürgerlichem Trauerspiel (1987); Literatur und Politik: Die `Novellensammlung von 1812' und das 'Landhausleben' von Achim von Arnim (1983). v humanities Editorial Special Issue Introduction “Transcultural Literary Studies: Politics, Theory, and Literary Analysis” Bernd Fischer Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures, The Ohio State University, Hagerty Hall, 1775 College Road Columbus, OH 43210, USA; fi[email protected]; Tel.: +1-614-292-6985; Fax: +1-614-292-8510 Academic Editor: Albrecht Classen Received: 2 November 2016; Accepted: 21 November 2016; Published: 21 December 2016 As we witness the rise of intemperate nationalism, self-indulgent nativism, and aggressive xenophobia in many countries, multi- and intercultural studies and initiatives have come under considerable pressure. At least for now, it seems that they have not been able to offer satisfactory alternatives for populations that suffer under the ill effects of globalization or believe so. Theories of transculturalism arose out of the concern that part of the blame can be attributed to an underlying identity model that has not been able to set itself sufficiently apart from its own origins in culturalist traditions, leaving the door open for strong nationalistic and ethnocentric orientations. But how can we imagine transcultural communities? It seems sensible to examine whether transculturalism—with its questioning of the dominance of group identity and its return to the individual as privileged site for cultural multiplicity—can offer guideposts for conceptualizing ‘individual’ diversity without underplaying the role of class, religion, and community. To my mind, the question has not yet been answered. Some features of transculturalism, especially those that adhere to central propositions of the Enlightenment and Modernism, should be viewed cautiously with political and historical awareness. Among those, I would count elitist individualism and utopianism, teleologically structured conceptualizations of humanism, and an indiscriminating belief in the ascendency of human universals, most recently appropriated from ‘hard’ human sciences such as evolutionary anthropology. Highlighting transcultural interpretations (in critical tension with ideas of national or sub-national cultures) is, by no small measure, a political decision that has often been prompted by a search for commonalities as a basis for the design of universal human rights, international law, transnational structures, and global education. At the same time, transcultural approaches are, prima fasciae, rooted in the ethos and tradition of the natural sciences, numerous social sciences, and even some areas within the humanities (e.g., philosophy). In short, transcultural studies cannot escape operating in the midst of ideological and political minefields. All the more, I would like to thank the contributors to this issue of Humanities, who did not shy away from taking risks in order to expound upon their particular understandings of transculturalism in interpretations of significant literary texts from the Middle Ages all the way to the 21st century. As I discuss in my introductory essay, I don’t consider it an accident that several contributions highlight the impact of the emergence of enlightened cultural cosmopolitanism in the long 18th century. But the transcultural story of the post-Roman period did certainly not start there. One of the most impressive illustrations of the link between philosophical advances and transcultural identity
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