DOOLITTLE Raidby Robert B. Kane
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Index to the Reminiscences of Vice Admiral Truman
Index to The Reminiscences of Vice Admiral Truman J. Hedding, United States Navy (Retired) Aircraft Carriers Development of tactical doctrine in 1943 for the fast carrier task force, 37-40 See also Carrier Division Three, Task Force 58 Air Force, U.S. Air Force members of the Joint Staff were well organized during the 1949-51 period in terms of the service's party line on various issues, 167-168; some of its responsibilities moved under the Pacific Command when that command became truly joint in the early 1950s, 169-172 Alcohol Cheap whiskey was available at the naval officers' club on Guam in the summer of 1945, 128-129 Ancon, USS (AGC-4) Amphibious command ship that served as a floating hotel in Tokyo for the staff of the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey in late 1945, 131-132; Japanese Navy wartime action reports that had been stored in caves were taken aboard the ship in late 1945 to be microfilmed, 139-140. site of 1945 interview of Prince Konoye, former Japanese Prime Minister, 141-142; returned to the United States at the end of 1945, 152-153 Anderson, Major General Orvil A., USA Army Air Forces officer who made inflated claims concerning the effectiveness of his service's bombing campaigns in World War II, 145; role in interrogating Japanese as part of the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey in 1945, 146-147 Antiair Warfare Effective U.S. antiaircraft fire during a carrier strike against the Marianas Islands in February 1944, 53 Army, U.S. Some of its responsibilities moved under the Pacific Command when that command became truly joint in the early 1950s, 169-172 Army Air Forces, U.S. -
Additional Historic Information the Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish
USS Hornet Sea, Air & Space Museum Additional Historic Information The Doolittle Raid (Hornet CV-8) Compiled and Written by Museum Historian Bob Fish AMERICA STRIKES BACK The Doolittle Raid of April 18, 1942 was the first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese home islands during WWII. The mission is notable in that it was the only operation in which U.S. Army Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier into combat. The raid demonstrated how vulnerable the Japanese home islands were to air attack just four months after their surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. While the damage inflicted was slight, the raid significantly boosted American morale while setting in motion a chain of Japanese military events that were disastrous for their long-term war effort. Planning & Preparation Immediately after the Pearl Harbor attack, President Roosevelt tasked senior U.S. military commanders with finding a suitable response to assuage the public outrage. Unfortunately, it turned out to be a difficult assignment. The Army Air Forces had no bases in Asia close enough to allow their bombers to attack Japan. At the same time, the Navy had no airplanes with the range and munitions capacity to do meaningful damage without risking the few ships left in the Pacific Fleet. In early January of 1942, Captain Francis Low1, a submariner on CNO Admiral Ernest King’s staff, visited Norfolk, VA to review the Navy’s newest aircraft carrier, USS Hornet CV-8. During this visit, he realized that Army medium-range bombers might be successfully launched from an aircraft carrier. -
Turkey Shoot and How Adm
US Navy photo By John T. Correll Battle of the Philippine Sea, Leyte Gulf. It was also overshadowed 1944, the Japanese had scaled back their June 19-20, 1944, marked the by the other war news that month from plans but still hoped to hold a shorter end of Japanese naval airpower halfway around the world: The Allied inner perimeter, anchored on the east by as a signifi cant factor in World War II. landings in Normandy on D-Day, June 6, the Mariana Islands. It was the single biggest aircraft carrier to begin the invasion of occupied Europe. Japan’s greatest hero, Adm. Isoroku battle in history. However, naval history buffs still argue Yamamoto, who had planned the Pearl The fi rst day is remembered as “the about the Turkey Shoot and how Adm. Harbor attack, was dead, his airplane shot Great Marianas Turkey Shoot,” in which Raymond A. Spruance—the non-aviator down over the jungles of New Guinea in US Navy pilots and anti-aircraft gun- in command of the US Fifth Fleet—might 1943 by AAF P-38s. There was no one ners shot down more than 300 Japanese have conducted the battle, but didn’t. of comparable stature to take his place. airplanes. Before the two-day battle was Meanwhile, the US armed forces were over, the Japanese had lost fi ve ships, REVERSAL OF FORTUNES engaged in an intramural argument about including three fl eet carriers, and a total The heyday of the Japanese navy in the strategy. Gen. Douglas MacArthur called of 476 airplanes and 450 aviators. -
Military Leadership and Organizational Innovation: a Case Study of the Pacific Theater in Ww Ii
DISSERTATION APPROVED BY June 16, 2020 James R. Martin Jr. Date James R. Martin, Jr., Ph.D., Chair Elizabeth Elliot-Meisel, Ph.D., Committee Member Jennifer Moss Breen, Ph.D., Director _______________________________________ Gail M. Jensen, Ph.D., Dean MILITARY LEADERSHIP AND ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION: A CASE STUDY OF THE PACIFIC THEATER IN WW II ___________________________________ By Anthony C. Zinni ___________________________________ A DISSERTATION IN PRACTICE Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate School of Creighton University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Education in Interdisciplinary Leadership _________________________________ Omaha, NE (May 15, 2020) Copyright (2020), Anthony C. Zinni This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no part of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. iii Abstract The US military, faced with unprecedented challenges, has sought to transform its services and other commands into more innovative organizations and has struggled in trying to understand the process to accomplish this. Studies that have been conducted to determine how best to make this transformation have not offered a comprehensive methodology or model that has proven useful. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between the practices of military leadership teams and organizational innovation in historic and highly successful military commands, specifically in the World War II Pacific theater of operations, to gain insights into how current and future leadership may influence innovation. The research examined historical documents, leader accounts, and scholarly literature on innovation. Through this case study, insights were gained into how current and future leadership may influence the transformation into innovative organizations through their practices. -
Review Essay the Battle of Midway John Francis
Review Essay The Battle of Midway John Francis “There has been much written about the Battle of Midway and in many respects there has been a startling lack of accuracy.”(1) This comment dates from 1946 prior to the immediate post-Second World War investigations into various aspects of the Pacific War and the official histories produced in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It was an accurate appreciation made, not by one of the investigators or historians, but by a participant, Stanhope Ring, commander of one of the USN’s three carrier air groups in the battle. Ring was also prescient. Much has since been written on Midway, but accurate accounts are still difficult to find. Early published works were brief, based on uncorroborated, often conflicting recollections and built on the story of American triumph “against the odds” that had been reported in the news at the time. The requirements of military security limited the release of information, and this was particularly true concerning the extent of code-breaking work by the USN’s radio intercept units, especially station “Hypo” at Pearl Harbor. Even after the war, it took a long time for details of the intelligence story to be revealed and later studies have shown that the initial published versions lacked much in accuracy. It is clear that these early accounts were heavily influenced by some of the central characters on both sides who, by then, had risen to high rank and in some cases had an opportunity to shape the official record. Japanese accounts were also influenced by a desire to remain on friendly terms with the victors of the conflict, who by then were the occupying power in the Japanese homeland. -
April 2017 Newsletter
Freedom’s Voice The Monthly Newsletter of the Military History Center 112 N. Main ST Broken Arrow, OK 74012 http://www.okmhc.org/ “Promoting Patriotism through the Preservation of Military History” Volume 5, Number 4 April 2017 World War I – April 6, 1917 World War I began in Europe in 1914, with the German invasion of Luxembourg on August 2 and Belgium on August The History Classic 3. By 1917, the opposing armies on the Western Front had been brutally killing each other for almost three years, yet the Golf Tournament battle lines had barely moved. On the Eastern Front, the Germans had much greater success against the Russians, who Benefitting by the beginning of 1917 were on the verge of collapse. Alto- gether, billions had been spent, and millions were dead. Military President Woodrow Wilson and the American people wanted no part of Europe’s war, even in the face of German History Center provocation. German restoration of unrestricted submarine warfare in early 1917, and the British interception of the in- and famous Zimmermann telegram made Wilson’s position of neutrality untenable. The Zimmermann telegram was a mes- sage from the German foreign office to the German ambas- sador in Mexico City, foolishly offering Mexico the restoration of Texas and the American Southwest if it would enter the Battle Creek Golf Club war on the side of Germany. This inflamed the American people, and President Wilson had no choice but to ask Con- Friday, May 5 gress for a declaration of war on Germany, which he did on April 2, 1917. -
The Quiet Warrior Back in Newport—Admiral Spruance, the Return To
Naval War College Review Volume 64 Article 8 Number 2 Spring 2011 The Quiet aW rrior Back in Newport—Admiral Spruance, the Return to the Naval War College, and the Lessons of the Pacific aW r, 1946–1947 Hal M. Friedman Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Friedman, Hal M. (2011) "The Quiet Warrior Back in Newport—Admiral Spruance, the Return to the Naval War College, and the Lessons of the Pacific aW r, 1946–1947," Naval War College Review: Vol. 64 : No. 2 , Article 8. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol64/iss2/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Friedman: The Quiet Warrior Back in Newport—Admiral Spruance, the Return to THE QUIET WARRIOR BACK IN NEWPORT Admiral Spruance, the Return to the Naval War College, and the Lessons of the Pacific War, 1946–1947 Hal M. Friedman ar is about wreckage. Consequently, postwar periods tend to be about re- Wconstruction, and that phenomenon is what this article is about. It sets the scene for a larger exploration (the subject of projected sequels to the recent book from which this article is adapted) of how a military-academic institution —the Naval War College, in Newport, Rhode Island—attempted to readjust to a Hal M. -
Case Studies of Operational, Strategic, and Diplomatic Naval Leadership During the 20Th and Early 21St Centuries
Case Studies of Operational, Strategic, and Diplomatic Naval Leadership during the 20th and Early 21st Centuries Edited by John B. Hattendorf and Bruce A. Elleman d25395_DSGraphics_NineteenGunSalute-cvr.indd 1 10/15/2009 1:47:13 AM U.S. GOVERNMENT OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE Use of ISBN Prefix This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. ISBN 978-1-884733-66-6 is for this U.S. Government Printing Office Official Edition only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Government Printing Office requests that any re- printed edition clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. Legal Status and Use of Seals and Logos The logo of the U.S. Naval War College (NWC), Newport, Rhode Island, authenticates Nineteen-Gun Salute: Case Studies of Operational, Strategic, and Diplomatic Naval Leadership during the 20th and Early 21st Centuries, edited by John B. Hattendorf and Bruce A. Elleman, as an official publication of the College. It is prohibited to use NWC’s logo on any republication of this book without the express, written permission of the Editor, Naval War College Press or the editor’s designee. Table of Contents Acknowledgements . iv List of Maps and Illustrations . v Introduction: John B . Hattendorf . vi 1. Radical, But Right — William Sowden Sims (1858–1936), by Branden Little and Kenneth J. Hagan. 1 2. Efficiency — William Harrison Standley (1872–1963), by Craig C. Felker. 13 3. Sound Judgment — William Daniel Leahy (1875–1959), by Robert James Maddox . 25 4. -
Marc A. Mitscher Personal Papers Identifier/Call Number: SDASM.SC.10099 Physical Description: 1.6 Cubic Feetthis Is a Four Box Collection
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8sb4b7w No online items The Descriptive Finding Guide for the Marc Mitscher Personal Papers SDASM.SC.10099 San Diego Air and Space Museum Library and Archives 2001 Pan American Plaza, Balboa Park San Diego 92101 URL: http://www.sandiegoairandspace.org/ The Descriptive Finding Guide for SDASM.SC.10099 1 the Marc Mitscher Personal Papers SDASM.SC.10099 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: San Diego Air and Space Museum Library and Archives Title: Marc A. Mitscher Personal Papers Identifier/Call Number: SDASM.SC.10099 Physical Description: 1.6 Cubic FeetThis is a four box collection. Three boxes measure 15 ½ x 10 ¼ x 5 inches. The fourth box is oversized and measures 15 ½ x 12 ¼ x 5 inches. The majority of the collection contains photographs, but there are some documents and personal papers relating to Mitscher from the early 1900s to his death in 1947. Much of the focus is his early-aviation career and his WWII service as Captain and Admiral in the US Navy. Date (bulk): bulk Abstract: Admiral Marc Mitscher had long and distinguished career in the US Navy as both aviator and ship commander. Mitscher’s strategies were crucial to the Allied forces during WWII. Conditions Governing Access This collection is open to the public by appointment. Conditions Governing Use For copyright and use restrictions please consult the library director. Immediate Source of Acquisition This collection of materials was donated to the San Diego Air and Space Museum. Preferred Citation [Item], Marc Mitscher Personal Papers, Archives, San Diego Air & Space Museum Biographical / Historical Admiral Marc Mitscher had long and distinguished career in the US Navy as both aviator and ship commander. -
Index to Series of Taped Interviews with Admiral George W. Anderson, Jr., USN (Ret.) Volume I
Index to Series of Taped Interviews with Admiral George W. Anderson, Jr., USN (Ret.) Volume I AERONAUTICS, BUREAU OF: Anderson relieves P.D. Stroop in Programs and Allocations in 1940, p. 58, pp. 60 ff.; War plan Rainbow V, pp. 64-65; British pass on lessons learned in World War II, pp. 67-68; Pearl Harbor and beyond, pp. 73 ff.; base requirements at the outset of war, pp. 78-79; comments on inadequacy in implementation of plans for aircraft, p. 87; Roosevelt-Churchill plans for plane production, 1942-1943, p. 91; Russian demands for plane allocations, pp. 97-98, 150-151; contract negotiations in wartime, pp. 99-100; program for lighter-than air ships for antisubmarine work, p. 101; Anderson's story of last- minute change of engines for the F6F, pp. 102-103; the story of the P-51 Mustang fighter, p. 105; close cooperation with the Royal Navy on requirements, pp. 105-106. AIRCRAFT CARRIERS: (late 1930s) a new appreciation of their worth and power, p. 56-57; ANDERSON, Adm. George W., Jr.: family history, p. 1 ff; family life in Brooklyn, p. 7-9; enters U.S. Naval Academy, p. 9 ff; marriage (1933), p. 46; son, George III born (1935), p. 49; family moves to Albuquerque during Anderson's service in the Pacific, p. 145-6; serious illness of Mrs. Anderson, p. 145-6; her death, p. 179; Anderson marries a navy widow, Mary Lee Sample, p. 179-180; p. 184; family life in Villefranche while Anderson serves with 6th fleet, p. 202; death of his father, p. -
The Battle of Midway: a Bibliography (3Rd Ed.)
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Calhoun, Institutional Archive of the Naval Postgraduate School Calhoun: The NPS Institutional Archive Dudley Knox Library Publications Bibliographies 2007-05 The Battle of Midway: A Bibliography (3rd ed.) Huygen, Michaele Lee http://hdl.handle.net/10945/6979 The Battle of Midway A Bibliography nd 3 Edition Compiled and selectively annotated by Michaele Lee Huygen Dudley Knox Library Naval Postgraduate School May 2007 [INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK] Introduction "… Midway was indeed an ‘incredible victory’, as great a reversal of strategic fortune as the naval world had ever seen, before or since, and a startling vindication of the belief of the naval aviation pioneers in the carrier and its aircraft as the weapon of future maritime dominance." John Keegan, The Price of Admiralty: The Evolution of Naval Warfare. New York: Viking, 1989. p. 211 This is a selected, partially annotated bibliography listing books, periodical articles, web sites, and videos related to the Battle of Midway. Certain entries have brief annotations, many of which are taken from annotations in other bibliographies, books, and book reviews, when attributed, and directly from library cataloger’s notes when not. Although listings for materials in foreign languages are included, the greatest number of entries is for English language materials. The bibliography is intended to be a tool to assist researchers as they study this significant battle, which turned the tide in the Pacific theater. It is not intended as a comprehensive listing of all materials on the topic. Why are there so many citations to the same titles? In publishing, history tends to repeat itself as well. -
The Doolittle Raid— 75 Years Later Dr
The Doolittle Raid— 75 Years Later Dr. Robert B. Kane, Lieutenant Colonel, USAF, Retired Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of the Department of Defense, Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US govern- ment. This article may be reproduced in whole or in part without permission. If it is reproduced, the Air and Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. wo weeks after the 7 December 1941 Japanese attack on Hawaii, President Franklin D. Roosevelt informed the chiefs of the Army, Navy, and Army Air Forces (AAF) that he wanted to strike back at Japan to boost American Tmorale—a request he repeated in the ensuing weeks.1 Their problem was how to accomplish the president’s objective since the heart of US naval power in the Pa- cific lay on the bottom of Pearl Harbor. The United States did not have an aircraft able to reach Japan from the closest American land base. Two individuals independently came up with the ideas that produced the Doolittle Raid: Navy captain Francis Low and Lt Col James “Jimmy” Doolittle—a famous pre- war military test pilot, civilian aviator, and aeronautical engineer and now special assistant for Lt Gen Henry “Hap” Arnold, AAF chief. Low was the assistant chief of staff for antisubmarine warfare for Adm Ernest J. King, chief of naval operations. His observation of Army pilots making bombing passes on an outline of a carrier deck painted on the airfield at Norfolk Naval Base, Virginia, on 10 January 1942, sparked the idea of launching Army bombers from an aircraft carrier.2 On 3 Febru- ary, Low had two B-25s—each with a pilot and copilot—loaded onto the Hornet, the Navy’s newest carrier, at Norfolk.