Punic Wars Name: ______
Carthage
Founded by the ______in the 8th century B.C.
Located in North Africa on the Mediterranean Coast
Major trading power in the ______
Traded as far north as England and down the west coast of Africa
First Punic War (264-241 B.C.)
“______” is the term given to the people of Carthage by Rome
A dispute in the Sicilian City of ______in 264 B.C. escalated into the first Punic War
One side looked to Rome for aid and the other looked to Carthage
When a Punic Fleet entered the port of the city, Rome felt the need to respond with a larger force to push them out. Each side increased the size of their armies on the island until a full blown war broke out
The war was mostly a naval battle with some land battles being fought in Africa, Sicily, Corsica & Sardinia
Romans were not great sailors and they lost ______ships during the course of the year
Rome was unable to take control during the war due to poor Generals and a timid Senate
Eventually Carthage accepted harsh terms to bring peace mostly out of exhaustion from the war effort
Results of the First Punic War
Carthage was required to pay for damages done to Rome during the course of the war and give up Sicily Rome realized its weakness in naval combat and in response, created the ______(Latin for crow)
Rome also learned how to fight war on a major scale
______
______
______
______
Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.) & Hannibal (247-183 B.C.)
The second war broke out in 218 B.C. because of a dispute over ______
Carthage was weakened from the treaty with Rome but now had the leadership of one of the greatest generals of the time:
Hannibal Barca
Son of Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian conqueror of ______
Had a deep hatred for Rome
His plan was to invade Rome from the ______, win early victories and win over the Roman allies in the process
Hannibal leaves Spain to Cross the ______
The crossing of the ______was a risky move that was costly to Hannibal’s forces but took Rome completely off guard
Hannibal proclaimed freedom to all people under Roman rule but few responded
Battle of Trebbia River
Took advantage of Roman inpatients Battle of Lake Trasimene
Still no Roman allies sided Hannibal
Battle of Cannae
Yearly Roman Council elections placed two new ambitious Consuls eager to win battles
Normal Consul armies are 20,000 strong but the council voted to give each Consul a double army so together they had 70,000 (Rome was short handed)
The two were eager to meet Hannibal in an ______battle and Hannibal was willing to oblige
The battle was won by Hannibal
Carthaginian forces- ______
Roman forces- ______
Battles After Math
The Roman Force of 70,000 was reduced to ______as Hannibal’s forces killed without mercy
The Roman ally of ______(second largest Italian City) joined Hannibal
Rome retained most of its allies and was able to rebuild
Hannibal did not have enough forces to take the city of Rome itself
Metaurus River
Hannibal called for aid from his brother ______who was fighting in Spain
Hasdrubal made his way into Italy the same way as Hannibal but was cut off at the Metaurus River
He was defeated and killed by the Roman army a day before he would have met up with his brother This battle established that Hannibal would not be able to take Rome itself
Scipio Africanus
Won Consul in 205 B.C. on the platform that he could defeat Carthage and his success in Spain
Raised an army and sailed for ______in 204 B.C.
Hannibal had difficulty returning to Africa because of Roman forces but was finally able to in 202 B.C.
The two eventually met at ______evenly matched at 25,000 men a piece
Scipio’s power was in his ______while Hannibal’s was in his ______
Battle of Zama
Hannibal looked for a swift victory with a charge from his elephants but Scipio taught his troops how to avoid this
With the initial charge a failure, the superior army of Scipio overwhelmed Hannibal
Conclusion
Carthage again was forced to pay a terrible price for peace in 201 B.C.
They were stripped of all their ______, ______, ______and was made into a client state of Rome with no political rights
Hannibal was banned from Carthage and died a mysterious death in 183 B.C.
Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.)
Even after the harsh terms put on Carthage, it managed to rebuild ______
The Roman senator Cato the Elder lead a campaign that said Carthago Delenda Est! (______)
In 149 B.C. Carthage defended itself against raiding tribes by rebuilding its army and by crossing their territory line to pursue and destroy the tribes Rome took this chance to declare war
The war only lasted ______years
Carthage was destroyed in 146 B.C.
The walls were torn down
City was burned down
People were sold into slavery
The winning general was Scipio Aemilianus( an adopted decendent of Scipio Africanus)
This war was unnecessary but it showed the fear Rome felt for Carthage and the memory left by ______