Punic Wars Name: ___________________________ Carthage Founded by the __________________________________ in the 8th century B.C. Located in North Africa on the Mediterranean Coast Major trading power in the ________________________________________ Traded as far north as England and down the west coast of Africa First Punic War (264-241 B.C.) “______________________________” is the term given to the people of Carthage by Rome A dispute in the Sicilian City of ________________________________ in 264 B.C. escalated into the first Punic War One side looked to Rome for aid and the other looked to Carthage When a Punic Fleet entered the port of the city, Rome felt the need to respond with a larger force to push them out. Each side increased the size of their armies on the island until a full blown war broke out The war was mostly a naval battle with some land battles being fought in Africa, Sicily, Corsica & Sardinia Romans were not great sailors and they lost _____________ ships during the course of the year Rome was unable to take control during the war due to poor Generals and a timid Senate Eventually Carthage accepted harsh terms to bring peace mostly out of exhaustion from the war effort Results of the First Punic War Carthage was required to pay for damages done to Rome during the course of the war and give up Sicily Rome realized its weakness in naval combat and in response, created the _______________________ (Latin for crow) Rome also learned how to fight war on a major scale __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Second Punic War (218-201 B.C.) & Hannibal (247-183 B.C.) The second war broke out in 218 B.C. because of a dispute over __________________________ Carthage was weakened from the treaty with Rome but now had the leadership of one of the greatest generals of the time: Hannibal Barca Son of Hamilcar Barca, Carthaginian conqueror of ____________________________ Had a deep hatred for Rome His plan was to invade Rome from the __________________________, win early victories and win over the Roman allies in the process Hannibal leaves Spain to Cross the ______________________ The crossing of the _______________________ was a risky move that was costly to Hannibal’s forces but took Rome completely off guard Hannibal proclaimed freedom to all people under Roman rule but few responded Battle of Trebbia River Took advantage of Roman inpatients Battle of Lake Trasimene Still no Roman allies sided Hannibal Battle of Cannae Yearly Roman Council elections placed two new ambitious Consuls eager to win battles Normal Consul armies are 20,000 strong but the council voted to give each Consul a double army so together they had 70,000 (Rome was short handed) The two were eager to meet Hannibal in an ____________________ ___________________________ battle and Hannibal was willing to oblige The battle was won by Hannibal Carthaginian forces- __________________________________ Roman forces- _______________________________________ Battles After Math The Roman Force of 70,000 was reduced to _______________________ as Hannibal’s forces killed without mercy The Roman ally of _________________________ (second largest Italian City) joined Hannibal Rome retained most of its allies and was able to rebuild Hannibal did not have enough forces to take the city of Rome itself Metaurus River Hannibal called for aid from his brother _______________________ who was fighting in Spain Hasdrubal made his way into Italy the same way as Hannibal but was cut off at the Metaurus River He was defeated and killed by the Roman army a day before he would have met up with his brother This battle established that Hannibal would not be able to take Rome itself Scipio Africanus Won Consul in 205 B.C. on the platform that he could defeat Carthage and his success in Spain Raised an army and sailed for _______________________________ in 204 B.C. Hannibal had difficulty returning to Africa because of Roman forces but was finally able to in 202 B.C. The two eventually met at _________________________ evenly matched at 25,000 men a piece Scipio’s power was in his ___________________________ while Hannibal’s was in his _______________________________________________ Battle of Zama Hannibal looked for a swift victory with a charge from his elephants but Scipio taught his troops how to avoid this With the initial charge a failure, the superior army of Scipio overwhelmed Hannibal Conclusion Carthage again was forced to pay a terrible price for peace in 201 B.C. They were stripped of all their ______________________, _____________________, _____________________ and was made into a client state of Rome with no political rights Hannibal was banned from Carthage and died a mysterious death in 183 B.C. Third Punic War (149-146 B.C.) Even after the harsh terms put on Carthage, it managed to rebuild _______________________ The Roman senator Cato the Elder lead a campaign that said Carthago Delenda Est! (____________________________________________________________________) In 149 B.C. Carthage defended itself against raiding tribes by rebuilding its army and by crossing their territory line to pursue and destroy the tribes Rome took this chance to declare war The war only lasted __________________________ years Carthage was destroyed in 146 B.C. The walls were torn down City was burned down People were sold into slavery The winning general was Scipio Aemilianus( an adopted decendent of Scipio Africanus) This war was unnecessary but it showed the fear Rome felt for Carthage and the memory left by __________________________________ .