Making Protected Bike Lanes and Protected Intersections Work for All Pedestrians

Dylan Passmore, MScPl, P.Eng. Senior Design Transportation Engineer Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Vancouver’s Growing AAA Bike Network Lanes in Vancouver

Quebec St & 1st Ave Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Vancouver’s Growing AAA Bike Network Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Vancouver’s Growing AAA Bike Network Lanes in The Old Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Vancouver’s Growing AAA Bike Network Lanes in The Old Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike “Protected Intersection” Design Approach Lanes in Vancouver

Quebec St & 1st Ave Image: www.protectedintersection.com Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Protected Intersections on the Ground Lanes in Vancouver

Burrard & Cornwall Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Protected Intersections on the Ground Lanes in Vancouver

Burrard & Pacific Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Protected Intersections on the Ground Lanes in Vancouver What’s the Problem? Inclusive Design & Protected Bike The Challenges – Protected Intersections Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike The Challenges – Protected Intersections Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike The Challenges Lanes in Vancouver

Quebec St & 1st Ave Inclusive Design & Protected Bike The Challenges – Protected Intersections Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike The Challenges – Protected Intersections Lanes in Vancouver

Protected Flush T Phasing Crossings Intersection Sidewalk Yield Adjacent Skewed Markings to Bikeway Crossings

Multi-stage Crossing Expanding the Toolkit Inclusive Design & Protected Bike On-going Stakeholder Workshops Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Coordinating with Similar Efforts in the U.S. … Lanes in Vancouver FHWA Workshop in Seattle Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Human Factors Research / Experimenting… Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Testing New Tools for Engagement … Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Testing New Tools for Engagement … Lanes in Vancouver Our Key Challenges Inclusive Design & Protected Bike The Key Challenges Lanes in Vancouver

Expanding Our Toolkit 1. Adjacent Sidewalk and Protected Bike Lane 2. Flush Pedestrian Crossings 3. Signalized Crossings in a Protected Intersection 4. Accommodating Passenger Loading and Bus Stops 5. Finding Mid-Block or T-Intersection Crossings 6. Providing Alignment Cues Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Are there off-the-shelf solutions? Lanes in Vancouver No: international examples are fraught with inconsistency and solutions that don’t work well Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Are there off-the-shelf solutions? Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Are there off-the-shelf solutions? Lanes in Testing Negotiability of Guidance Surfaces Vancouver Bars perpendicular vs. parallel to direction of travel

Courtesy: Accessible Design for the Blind 1. Adjacent Sidewalk and Protected Bike Lane Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver

We wanted…

■ Intuitive delineation ■ No hazard ■ Narrow profile ■ Detectable ■ Mountable in a wheelchair ■ Easy to construct & maintain Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver

CROW Design Manual Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver Curb A Curb B

Curb C Curb D

Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design in Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Vancouver

Curb A Curb B Curb C Curb D

Category: 1. Intuitive Poor Good Good Best Delineation of Vertical separation is Easy to see and detect Easy to see and Sharp angles make the Space very subtle so does not the vertical separation detect the vertical vertical separation provide meaningful separation very easy to detect separation 2. Space Impacts Moderate Low Low Lowest Width of curb cuts into Flat top surface allows cycle track space for slightly wider sidewalk space 3. Potential Hazard Lowest Low Medium High for Pedestrians and Slope poses little very Slope poses minimal trip Moderate slope may Steep slope is easy for Cyclists hazard hazard pose some trip bike tires to catch and hazard is a possible trip hazard for pedestrians 4. Cues for People Poor Good Good Good with Limited Vision Difficult to detect for Sufficient slope to allow Sufficient slope to Sufficient slope to white cane users for easy detection allow for easy allow for easy detection detection 5. Accessibility for Best Good Medium Poor Wheelchair Users Very easy for Relatively easy for Some challenges to Difficult to climb in wheelchair users to wheelchair users to climb in wheelchair wheelchair. Possible negotiate negotiate tipping hazard 6. Constructability Easy Moderate Difficult Moderate Challenging to operate Sloped area and curb Extra step to frame in asphalt roller so it does top needs to be 45 degree slope not damage bottom of manually troweled curb Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver

2” Bevel Curb: . Easy to detect and intuitive . Good delineation of space . Subtle enough to cross by wheelchair if needed

Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Adjacent Sidewalk and Bikeway Lanes in Vancouver

Questions Remain: ■ Curb wide enough? ■ Caning into bikeway? ■ Warning or wayfinding? ■ Construction? ■ Contrast? Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Behaviour at Unsignalized Pedestrian Crossings Lanes in Vancouver NACTO 2017 Chicago:

Universal Accessible Sidewalk Design Elements Design

Image: MassDOT (2015) 2. Flush Pedestrian Crossings Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Flush Pedestrian Crossings Lanes in Vancouver

Photo: Toole Design Group Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Tactile Warning at Bikeway Crossings? Lanes in Burrard & Cornwall Pilot Vancouver Does Bikeway Crossing Warrant a Warning? Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Tactile Warning at Bikeway Crossings? Lanes in Vancouver

? ? Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Tactile Warning at Flush Crossings Lanes in Vancouver 3. Signalized Crossings in a Protected Intersection Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Why Accessible Pedestrian Signals? Lanes in Vancouver

Advantages of Pushbutton- Integrated APS ■ Locator tone helps find pushbutton ■ Tactile arrow indicates which crosswalk ■ Beacon tone helps complete crossing ■ Tactile arrow vibrates during WALK to aid vision disabled pedestrians with hearing loss Inclusive Design & Protected Bike APS at Protected Intersection Lanes in Vancouver

■ Locator tone provides important information about crossing stages Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Signalized Crossings Lanes in Vancouver Challenges with APS Installation

. Setting volume appropriately . Technology challenges with signals that dwell in one direction (with walk on) . Fixed time signal does not require push button, but then lose ability to adapt in late hours. . Consistent implementation What About Behaviour at Unsignalized Pedestrian Crossings? Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Behaviour at Unsignalized Pedestrian Crossings Lanes in Vancouver Inclusive 10Designth Avenue & ProtectedCorridor Bike Fear Health Precinct LanesProject in Vancouver Inclusive Design & Interactions between People Walking and Protected Bike Lanes in Biking Vancouver

Sometimes Video can’t everyone capture eye yields contact, subtle gestures, etc

Peds Cyclists sometimes sometimes just stop far from slow down, crossing give space, or pass behind Inclusive Design & Signal Phase Impact on Yielding – Burrard Protected Bike Lanes in Cornwall Vancouver

Bikes Arriving on Red 100% Both Yield Peds Yield 80%

60%

40% Bikes Yield

20%

0% Inclusive Design & Signal Phase Impact on Yielding – Burrard Protected Bike Lanes in Cornwall Vancouver

Bikes Leaving Green 100% Both Yield

80%

60% Peds Yield 40%

20% Bikes Yield 0% How Can We Influence Behaviour? Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Baseline Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Yield Bollards Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Yield Bollards

+5 to 10% Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Channelization (and Otter) Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Channelization (and Otter)

+15% Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Channelization and Boulders Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Channelization, Boulders, and Rumble Strips Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Channelization, Boulders, Rumble Strips, and Stickers Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Channelization, Boulders, Rumble Strips, Stickers, and Benches Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Yielding at Science World Crossing Lanes in Vancouver Channelization, Boulders, Rumble Strips, Stickers, and Benches

0% Important to Keep Perspective Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Keeping Perspective Lanes in Vancouver

Major Discomfort 1%

Minor Discomfort 18%

No Discomfort 81% Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Keeping Perspective Lanes in Vancouver

60 collisions per year involving injury Inclusive Design & Protected Bike Keeping Perspective Lanes in Education is Part of the Picture as Well Vancouver