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Report Port Olry Water Assessment 13002 DRAFT 2

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Report Port Olry Water Assessment 13002 DRAFT 2 Assessment of water system in Port Olry, Espiritu Santo Island Sanma Province, Vanuatu May 2013 www.watersensitivesolutions.com.au This document has been prepared solely for the benefit of Vanuatu Earth Care Association (VECA) and is issued in confidence for the purposes only for which it is supplied. Unauthorised use of this document in any form whatsoever is prohibited. No liability is accepted by Water Sensitive Solutions or any employee, contractor, or sub-consultant of this entity with respect to its use by any other person. This disclaimer shall apply notwithstanding that the document may be made available to other persons for an application for permission or approval to fulfil a legal obligation. Document Control Sheet Report title: Assessme nt of water system in Port Olry, Espiritu Santo Island, Sanma Province, Vanuatu Version: FINAL Author(s): O. J. Jonasson Approved by: O. J. Jonasson Signed: Date: May 2013 Distribution Vanuatu Earth Care Association (VECA) Photos in this report provided by Rex Tandak, aerial photos from Google Maps Page 1 of 23 Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................. 3 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 4 Short term recommendations: ........................................................................................................... 4 Medium term recommendations: ...................................................................................................... 4 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 5 2. Background ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3. Field Assessment ............................................................................................................................. 9 Centralised water system ................................................................................................................... 9 Rainwater tanks .................................................................................................................................. 9 Current plans by the Vanuatu Government ..................................................................................... 10 Desire for a metered system ............................................................................................................. 11 4. Water quality analysis ................................................................................................................... 11 5. Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 16 Ownership and responsibility ........................................................................................................... 16 Technical advice ................................................................................................................................ 16 Rainwater tanks ................................................................................................................................ 18 Use of a metered system .................................................................................................................. 19 Water quality .................................................................................................................................... 19 1. Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 21 Short term recommendations: ......................................................................................................... 21 Medium term recommendations ..................................................................................................... 22 Development of rainwater harvesting design resources .................................................................. 22 6. References .................................................................................................................................... 23 Page 2 of 23 Acknowledgements This project was made possible through the kind support of the Hon. Alfred Maoh, Member of Parliament for Santo and the Hon. Ralph Regenvanu, Member of Parliament for Port Vila. Without their support and financial assistance, it would not have been possible. Thank you. A thank you also goes to Mangoes Resort, Port Vila and to Hibiscus Motel, Luganville for providing accommodation free of charge during the field work of this project. ALS Australia sponsored the project by providing extensive analysis of water samples free of charge, which provided valuable insight into the water quality in Port Olry. Rex Tandak, the coordinator and core founder of Vanuatu Earth Care Association (VECA) initiated the project and provided valuable support during and after the field work and deserves a special mentioning. Thank you Rex. Fr. Antoine, assistant Port Olry Catholic Parish Priest was also a big help during the field work, and for this I am most grateful. A large number of people also provided information and gave up their time to contribute to the project by sharing their insights. A big thank you goes out to you. You know who you are. Page 3 of 23 Executive Summary This project was initiated by Vanuatu Earth Care Association (VECA) and follows on from a previous project by Dr Kirsten Davies titled Tabwemasana Research Project . The intention of this project is to make an independent assessment of the overall water system in Port Olry, including alternative sources of water and to make recommendations for improvements. A field assessment was carried out in February 2013. This included visiting key sites and conducting interviews with people who are somehow involved in water distribution in Port Olry or Vanuatu more generally. Water samples were also collected from five sites in Port Olry and sent for analysis in Australia. The only water quality parameter tested that is of concern is Faecal Coliforms (bacteria derived from faecal matter). Of the water tested, water from a rainwater tank was found to be a safe source of drinking water while levels of Faecal Coliforms in open wells were generally found to be high. Recommendations made in this report target three areas: • Reduce pollution of existing water resources to protect human health. • Increase access to safe water by better utilising rainwater tanks. • Formalise long term planning of the water supply in Port Olry. Short term recommendations: • Investigate the lining of the bore to ensure it is intact. • Build mounds around the pump shed and around open wells to ensure no surface runoff can enter the water source. • Fence off an area surrounding the pump shed and surface wells to exclude animals and prevent animal faeces from infiltrating into the water supply. • Cover open wells to prevent foreign material from entering and to exclude sunlight. • Assess if pit toilets or septic systems are located close to open wells (within 30m). • Installation of further guttering to improve the efficiency of existing rainwater tanks as well as installing more tanks. Medium term recommendations: • Re-instate a Water Committee, under the management of the Catholic Church. • Produce a Water Safety Plan with the assistance of the Vanuatu Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Office. Significant improvements to the water system can be achieved with relatively small investments, and given the large population of Port Olry, at a low per capita cost. This provides support for further investment in the water system. The long term objective should be for the centralised system to provide water that complies with World Health Organisation Guidelines. Given the common reliance on rainwater tanks for water supply in Vanuatu, the development of planning and design aides such as lookup charts and water balance models for rainwater harvesting systems would be of benefit for Port Olry as well as for other parts of Vanuatu. This is an area of consideration for the Vanuatu Government. Page 4 of 23 1. Introduction This project was initiated by Vanuatu Earth Care Association (VECA) and follows on from a previous project by Dr Kirsten Davies titled Tabwemasana Research Project . One of the findings of the Tabwemasana project was the need for secure and safe water supply systems in Port Olry (Davies, 2010). This need has been further highlighted in recent times following a number of outbreaks of water borne disease in Port Olry. The intention of this project is to make an independent assessment of the overall water system in Port Olry, including alternative sources of water and to make recommendations for improvements. This report is based almost in its entirety on observations from a site inspection and on anecdotal evidence obtained through interviews. Very little written records are available, and knowledge and information varies, sometimes significantly, between different sources. As such, certain information contained in this report may be disputed by some parties however what has been written in this report has been done so in good faith. While written records have been kept for all interviews held, all names have been suppressed in the report. At the time of writing, 100Vatu was equivalent
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