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SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION UNPUBLISHED REPORT No. 4 REPORT ON THIRD VISIT TO VANUATU 10 January – 5 April 1983 and 8 May – 22 July 1983 by L.B. Chapman Masterfisherman and P. Cusack Fisheries Development Officer South Pacific Commission Noumea, New Caledonia 1997 ii The South Pacific Commission authorises the reproduction of this material, whole or in part, in any form provided appropriate acknowledgement is given This unpublished report forms part of a series compiled by the Capture Section of the South Pacific Commission's Coastal Fisheries Programme. These reports have been produced as a record of individual project activities and country assignments, from materials held within the Section, with the aim of making this valuable information readily accessible. Each report in this series has been compiled within the Capture Section to a technical standard acceptable for release into the public arena. However, they have not been through the full South Pacific Commission editorial process. South Pacific Commission BP D5 98848 Noumea Cedex New Caledonia Tel.: (687) 26 20 00 Fax: (687) 26 38 18 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.spc.org.nc/ Prepared at South Pacific Commission headquarters, Noumea, New Caledonia, 1997 iii SUMMARY The South Pacific Commission's Deep Sea Fisheries Development Project (DSFDP) visited Vanuatu for the third time between 10 January and 22 July 1983, with an interval of approximately one month between early April and early May, under the supervision of SPC Masterfisherman Lindsay Chapman. Priority activities during the visit included: conducting training courses in fish handling and processing at newly opened fish markets in Port Vila and Luganville, vertical longlining trials around FADs, and training in deep-bottom droplining techniques at outlying districts in conjunction with the establishment of artisanal village fishing projects. Other activities included FAD-associated and open- water trolling, experimental trials in gill-netting around FADs, and mid-water shark fishing. The Project operated at Port Vila (Efate), Lamen Bay (Epi), Tahi (Paama), Luganville, Hog Harbour and Port Olry (Espiritu Santo), Atchin Island (Malekula) and again at Port Vila. During the 22 weeks of the visit, 56 fishing trips were completed for a total catch of 8354.4 kg. All fish were gilled and gutted before landing, with an estimated average weight loss of 25 per cent from whole weight, while sharks were dressed (gutted, head and fins removed) with an estimated weight loss of 50 per cent. The various fishing techniques contributed to the catch as follows (in whole weight): - deep-bottom droplining – 3,806.0 kg in 39 trips totalling 461.5 fishing hours for a catch rate of 8.2 kg/reel hour; - FAD-associated trolling – 2,135.7 kg in 35 trips totalling 237.5 fishing hours; - open-water trolling – 537.0 kg in 52 trips totalling 155.4 fishing hours; - vertical longlining – 455.1 kg in 14 trips totalling 74 fishing hours; - and gill-netting, mid-water shark fishing and bait-trapping contributed – 1,420.6 kg. A total of 48 individuals participated in training sessions mostly conducted at village locations in at least one fishing method, or in fish handling and processing. In support of the Vanuatu Government's Village Fisheries Development Project the Masterfisherman surveyed potential deep-bottom fishing sites and made an assessment of deep-bottom resources at all six village locations visited. He also investigated the commercial viability of these projects and evaluated the suitability of the vessels currently in use in this fishery. The Masterfisherman also advised on aspects of fish marketing and presentation, and prepared recommendations for the Department of Fisheries in regard to the local FAD programme and the Village Fisheries Development Project. It was concluded that the areas in the north and central districts visited did hold commercially exploitable deep-bottom resources; that the village projects were likely to remain commercially viable in the near future; that the vessels in use were adequate, though not entirely suited to the fishery; that FAD-associated trolling and vertical longlining showed promise and were worthy of further development, in conjunction with an on-going FAD deployment programme; and that improved shipping and handling procedures would be necessary to ensure the commercial success of the newly established fish markets. It was cautioned that deep-bottom catch rates might decline under increased fishing pressure, with a possible change in species composition, and that the rapid expansion of the Village Fisheries Development Project might strain or outstrip the level of support available. v RÉSUMÉ Sous la direction du maître de pêche de la CPS, Lindsay Chapman, les responsables du projet de développement de la pêche au demi-large de la Commission du Pacifique Sud ont séjourné pour la troisième fois à Vanuatu, entre le 10 janvier et le 12 juillet 1983 − avec une interruption d'environ un mois entre début avril et début mai. Au nombre des activités prioritaires conduites lors de cette mission, on peut citer des cours de formation en manipulation et en transformation sur les marchés aux poissons récemment ouverts de Port-Vila et de Luganville, des essais de pêche à la palangre verticale autour des DCP et la formation aux techniques de pêche à la palangre par de grandes profondeurs, dans des régions reculées, parallèlement à la création de projets de pêche artisanale en milieu villageois. Parmi les autres activités entreprises, il y a lieu de citer la pêche à la traîne à proximité des DCP et en pleine eau, des essais de pêche au filet maillant autour des DCP et la pêche des requins entre deux eaux. Les activités ont été conduites à Port-Vila (Efate), à Lamen Bay (Epi), à Tahi (Paama), à Luganville, à Hog Harbour et à Port Olry (Espiritu Santo), à Atchin Island (Malicolo) et à nouveau à Port-Vila. Lors de cette mission d'une durée de 22 semaines, 56 sorties ont été effectuées pour un volume total de prises de 8 354,4 kg. Tous les poissons ont été vidés et éviscérés avant leur débarquement, ce qui représente une perte de poids moyenne estimée à 25 pour cent du poids total, tandis que les requins ont été apprêtés (c'est-à-dire éviscérés, ététés et les nageoires coupées), ce qui représente une perte de poids estimée à 50 pour cent. Les diverses techniques de pêche ont permis d'obtenir les résultats suivants (prises en poids entier) : − pêche de grand fond à la palangrotte : 3 806 kg en 39 sorties pour un total de 461,5 heures de pêche, soit un taux de prise de 8,2 kg/heure moulinet; − pêche à la traîne autour des DCP : 2 135,7 kg en 35 sorties pour un total de 237,5 heures de pêche; − traîne en pleine eau : 537 kg en 52 sorties pour un total de 155,4 heures de pêche; − pêche à la palangre verticale : 451,1 kg en 14 sorties pour un total de 74 heures de pêche; − pêche au filet maillant, pêche du requin entre deux eaux et pêche de l'appât : 1 420,6 kg. En tout, 48 personnes ont participé aux séances de formation à une méthode de pêche au moins ou à la manipulation et à la transformation du poisson; ces actions se sont surtout déroulées dans les villages. À l'appui du projet de développement de la pêche en milieu villageois mis en place par le gouvernement de Vanuatu, le maître de pêche a étudié des sites potentiels de pêche par grands fonds et il a procédé à une évaluation des ressources halieutiques de grand fond dans les six villages visités. Il a également étudié la rentabilité de ces projets et il a vérifié dans quelle mesure les navires actuellement en service étaient adaptés au type de pêche pratiquée. Le maître de pêche a également donné des conseils aux stagiaires sur la commercialisation et la présentation du poisson et il a préparé, à l'intention du service des pêches, des recommandations sur le programme local de DCP et sur le projet de développement de la pêche en milieu villageois. De cette mission, il ressort que : i) les zones septentrionnale et centrale disposent de ressources halieutiques de grand fond commercialement exploitables, ii) les projets villageois devraient rester rentables dans un proche avenir, iii) les navires employés sont acceptables, quoiqu'ils ne soient pas tout à fait adaptés à la pêche profonde et à la pêche du thon, iv) la pêche à la traîne autour des DCP et la pêche à la palangre verticale sont prometteuses et méritent d'être perfectionnées parallèlement au programme de mouillage de DCP en cours, et v) une amélioration des procédures de transport et de manipulation s'impose pour garantir le succès commercial des marchés de poissons qui viennent d'être mis en place. vi Le maître de pêche a formulé deux mises en garde : i) les taux de prises de poissons de grands fonds risquent de baisser en cas d'intensification de la pêche, ce qui pourrait modifier la composition par espèces, et ii) l'expansion rapide du projet de développement de la pêche en milieu villageois pourrait absorber une grande partie, voire la totalité, de l'aide disponible. vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The South Pacific Commission acknowledges with gratitude the friendly support and assistance afforded the Masterfisherman by the groups and individuals associated with the Deep Sea Fisheries Development Project while in Vanuatu. The following individuals are deserving of special thanks: Jim Crossland, Director of Fisheries for his assistance in setting up and implementing the Project programme; Canadian volunteers Maurice Theriault, Dayle Blackburn, Peter Watt, Neil and Joan Crysler, and Wayne Howell, for assistance in the field, providing accommodation and organising village groups to fish with the Project.
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