List of computing and IT abbreviations /.—Slashdot 1GL—First-Generation Programming Language 1NF—First Normal Form 10B2—10BASE-2 10B5—10BASE-5 10B-F—10BASE-F 10B-FB—10BASE-FB 10B-FL—10BASE-FL 10B-FP—10BASE-FP 10B-T—10BASE-T 100B-FX—100BASE-FX 100B-T—100BASE-T 100B-TX—100BASE-TX 100BVG—100BASE-VG 286—Intel 80286 processor 2B1Q—2 Binary 1 Quaternary 2GL—Second-Generation Programming Language 2NF—Second Normal Form 3GL—Third-Generation Programming Language 3NF—Third Normal Form 386—Intel 80386 processor 1 486—Intel 80486 processor 4B5BLF—4 Byte 5 Byte Local Fiber 4GL—Fourth-Generation Programming Language 4NF—Fourth Normal Form 5GL—Fifth-Generation Programming Language 5NF—Fifth Normal Form 6NF—Sixth Normal Form 8B10BLF—8 Byte 10 Byte Local Fiber A AAT—Average Access Time AA—Anti-Aliasing AAA—Authentication Authorization, Accounting AABB—Axis Aligned Bounding Box AAC—Advanced Audio Coding AAL—ATM Adaptation Layer AALC—ATM Adaptation Layer Connection AARP—AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol ABCL—Actor-Based Concurrent Language ABI—Application Binary Interface ABM—Asynchronous Balanced Mode ABR—Area Border Router ABR—Auto Baud-Rate detection ABR—Available Bitrate 2 ABR—Average Bitrate AC—Acoustic Coupler AC—Alternating Current ACD—Automatic Call Distributor ACE—Advanced Computing Environment ACF NCP—Advanced Communications Function—Network Control Program ACID—Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability ACK—ACKnowledgement ACK—Amsterdam Compiler Kit ACL—Access Control List ACL—Active Current Loop ACM—Association for Computing Machinery ACME—Automated Classification of Medical Entities ACP—Airline Control Program ACPI—Advanced Configuration and Power Interface ACR—Allowed Cell Rate ACR—Attenuation to Crosstalk Ratio AD—Active Directory AD—Administrative Domain ADC—Analog-to-Digital Converter ADC—Apple Display Connector ADB—Apple Desktop Bus ADCCP—Advanced Data Communications Control Procedures 3 ADO—ActiveX Data Objects ADSL—Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line ADT—Abstract Data Type AE—Adaptive Equalizer AES—Advanced Encryption Standard AF—Anisotropic Filtering AFP—Apple Filing Protocol AGP—Accelerated Graphics Port AH—Active Hub AI—Artificial Intelligence AIX—Advanced Interactive eXecutive Ajax—Asynchronous JavaScript and XML AL—Active Link AL—Access List ALAC—Apple Lossless Audio Codec ALGOL—Algorithmic Language ALSA—Advanced Linux Sound Architecture ALU—Arithmetic and Logical Unit AM—Active Matrix AM—Access Method AM—Active Monitor AM—Allied Mastercomputer AM—Amplitude Modulation 4 AMD—Advanced Micro Devices AMQP—Advanced Message Queuing Protocol AMR—Audio Modem Riser ANN—Artificial Neural Network ANSI—American National Standards Institute ANT—Another Neat Tool AoE—ATA over Ethernet AOP—Aspect-Oriented Programming APCI—Application-Layer Protocol Control Information API—Application Programming Interface APIC—Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller APIPA—Automatic Private IP Addressing APL—A Programming Language APR—Apache Portable Runtime ARC—Adaptive Replacement Cache ARC—Advanced RISC Computing ARIN—American Registry for Internet Numbers ARM—Advanced RISC Machines AROS—AROS Research Operating System ARP—Address Resolution Protocol ARPA—Address and Routing Parameter Area ARPA—Advanced Research Projects Agency ARPANET—Advanced Research Projects Agency Network 5 AS—Access Server ASCII—American Standard Code for Information Interchange ASG—Abstract Semantic Graph ASIC—Application-Specific Integrated Circuit ASIMO–Advanced Step in Innovative Mobility ASLR–Address Space Layout Randomization ASM—Algorithmic State Machine ASMP—Asymmetric Multiprocessing ASN.1—Abstract Syntax Notation 1 ASP—Active Server Pages ASP—Application Service Provider ASR—Asynchronous Signal Routine AST—Abstract Syntax Tree ASSP—Application-Specific Standard Product AT—Advanced Technology AT—Access Time AT—Active Terminator ATA—Advanced Technology Attachment ATAG—Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines ATAPI—Advanced Technology Attachment Packet Interface ATM—Asynchronous Transfer Mode AVC—Advanced Video Coding AVI—Audio Video Interleaved 6 AWK—Aho Weinberger Kernighan AWT—Abstract Window Toolkit B B2B—Business-to-Business B2C—Business-to-Consumer BAL—Basic Assembly Language Bash—Bourne-again shell BASIC—Beginner's All-Purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BBP—Baseband Processor BBS—Bulletin Board System BCD—Binary Coded Decimal BCNF—Boyce–Codd normal form BEEP—Blocks Extensible Exchange Protocol BER—Bit Error Rate BFD—Bidirectional Forwarding Detection BFD—Binary File Descriptor BFS—Breadth-First Search BFT—Byzantine Fault Tolerant BGP—Border Gateway Protocol BiDi—Bi-Directional bin—binary BINAC—Binary Automatic Computer BIND—Berkeley Internet Name Domain 7 BIOS—Basic Input Output System BJT—Bipolar Junction Transistor bit—binary digit Blob—Binary large object Blog—Web Log BMP—Basic Multilingual Plane BNC—Bayonet Neill-Concelman BOINC—Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing BOM—Byte Order Mark BOOTP—Bootstrap Protocol BPDU—Bridge Protocol Data Unit BPEL—Business Process Execution Language BPL—Broadband over Power Lines bps—bits per second BRR—Business Readiness Rating BSA—Business Software Alliance BSB—Backside Bus BSD—Berkeley Software Distribution BSoD—Blue Screen of Death BSS—Block Started by Symbol BT—BitTorrent BT—Bluetooth BTAM—Basic Telecommunications Access Method 8 BW—Bandwidth BYOD—Bring Your Own Device C CA—Certificate Authority CAD—Computer-Aided Design CAE—Computer-Aided Engineering CAID—Computer-Aided Industrial Design CAI—Computer-Aided Instruction CAM—Computer-Aided Manufacturing CAPTCHA—Completely Automated Public Turing Test to tell Computers and Humans Apart CAT – Computer-Aided Translation CAQ—Computer-Aided Quality Assurance CASE—Computer-Aided Software Engineering cc—C Compiler CD—Compact Disc CDE—Common Desktop Environment CDMA—Code Division Multiple Access CDN—Content Delivery Network CDP—Continuous Data Protection CD-R—CD-Recordable CD-ROM—CD Read-Only Memory CD-RW—CD-Rewritable 9 CDSA—Common Data Security Architecture CERT—Computer Emergency Response Team CES—Consumer Electronics Show CF—Compact Flash CFD—Computational Fluid Dynamics CFG—Context-Free Grammar CFG—Control Flow Graph CG—Computer Graphics CGA—Color Graphics Array CGI—Common Gateway Interface CGI—Computer-Generated Imagery CGT—Computational Graph Theory CHAP—Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol CHS—Cylinder-Head-Sector CIDR—Classless Inter-Domain Routing CIFS—Common Internet Filesystem CIM—Common Information Model CISC—Complex Instruction Set Computer CJK—Chinese, Japanese, and Korean CJKV—Chinese, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese CLI—Command Line Interface CLR—Common Language Runtime CM—Configuration Management 10 CM—Content Management CMMI—Capability Maturity Model Integration CMOS—Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor CMS—Content Management System CN—Canonical Name CN—Common Name CNC—Computer Numerical Control CNR—Communications and Networking Riser COBOL—Common Business-Oriented Language COM—Component Object Model CORBA—Common Object Request Broker Architecture COTS—Commercial Off-The-Shelf CPA—Cell Processor Architecture CPA—Converged Packet Access CPAN—Comprehensive Perl Archive Network CP/M—Control Program/Monitor CPRI—Common Public Radio Interface CPS—characters per second CPU—Central Processing Unit CR—Carriage Return CRAN—Comprehensive R Archive Network CRC—Cyclic Redundancy Check CRLF—Carriage Return Line Feed 11 CRM—Customer Relationship Management CRS—Computer Reservations System CRT—Cathode Ray Tube CRUD—Create, Read, Update and Delete CS—Cable Select CS—Computer Science CSE—Computer Science and Engineering CSI—Common System Interface CSP—Communicating Sequential Processes CSRF—Cross-Site Request Forgery CSS—Cascading Style Sheets CSS—Content-Scrambling System CSS—Closed Source Software CSS—Cross-Site Scripting CSV—Comma-Separated Values CT—Computerized Tomography CTAN—Comprehensive TeX Archive Network CTCP—Client-To-Client Protocol CTI—Computer Telephony Integration CTL—Computational Tree Logic CTM—Close To Metal CTS—Clear To Send CTSS—Compatible Time-Sharing System 12 CUA—Common User Access CVS—Concurrent Versioning System D DAC—Digital-To-Analog Converter DAC—Discretionary Access Control DAO—Data Access Objects DAO—Disk-At-Once DAP—Directory Access Protocol DARPA—Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DAT—Digital Audio Tape DB—Database DBA—Database Administrator DBCS—Double Byte Character Set DBMS—Database Management System DCC—Direct Client-to-Client DCCP—Datagram Congestion Control Protocol DCCA—Debian Common Core Alliance DCL—Data Control Language DCMI—Dublin Core Metadata Initiative DCOM—Distributed Component Object Model DD—Double Density DDE—Dynamic Data Exchange DDL—Data Definition Language 13 DDoS—Distributed Denial of Service DDR—Double Data Rate DEC—Digital Equipment Corporation DES—Data Encryption Standard dev—development DFA—Deterministic Finite Automaton DFD—Data Flow Diagram DFS—Depth-First Search DFS—Distributed File System DGD—Dworkin's Game Driver DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHTML—Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language DIF—Data Integrity Field DIMM—Dual Inline Memory Module DIN—Deutsches Institut für Normung DIP—Dual In-line Package DIVX—Digital Video Express DKIM—Domain Keys Identified Mail DL—Download