DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents 2 Description of Proposed Action and Alternatives

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents 2 Description of Proposed Action and Alternatives Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Final EIS/OEIS October 2018 Final Environmental Impact Statement/Overseas Environmental Impact Statement Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES ........................................................ 2-1 2.1 Description of the Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Study Area ........... 2-1 2.1.1 Hawaii Range Complex .......................................................................................... 2-4 2.1.1.1 The Temporary Operating Area ............................................................. 2-4 2.1.1.2 The Hawaii Operating Area .................................................................... 2-4 2.1.2 Southern California Portion of the HSTT Study Area ........................................... 2-10 2.1.2.1 Southern California Range Complex .................................................... 2-10 2.1.2.2 Point Mugu Sea Range Overlap ........................................................... 2-11 2.1.2.3 Silver Strand Training Complex ............................................................ 2-11 2.1.3 Ocean Areas Outside the Bounds of Existing Range Complexes (Transit Corridor) ................................................................................................. 2-12 2.1.4 Pierside Locations and San Diego Bay ................................................................. 2-12 2.2 Primary Mission Areas ............................................................................................. 2-19 2.2.1 Air Warfare ........................................................................................................... 2-19 2.2.2 Amphibious Warfare ............................................................................................ 2-19 2.2.3 Anti-Submarine Warfare ...................................................................................... 2-20 2.2.4 Electronic Warfare ............................................................................................... 2-20 2.2.5 Expeditionary Warfare ......................................................................................... 2-21 2.2.6 Mine Warfare ....................................................................................................... 2-21 2.2.7 Surface Warfare ................................................................................................... 2-21 2.3 Proposed Activities .................................................................................................. 2-22 2.3.1 Proposed Training Activities ................................................................................ 2-22 2.3.2 Proposed Testing Activities .................................................................................. 2-30 2.3.2.1 Naval Air Systems Command Testing Activities ................................... 2-31 2.3.2.2 Naval Sea Systems Command Testing Activities.................................. 2-34 2.3.2.3 Office of Naval Research Testing Activities ......................................... 2-36 2.3.2.4 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Testing Activities......... 2-37 2.3.3 Standard Operating Procedures .......................................................................... 2-38 2.3.3.1 Sea Space and Airspace Deconfliction ................................................. 2-39 2.3.3.2 Vessel Safety ........................................................................................ 2-39 2.3.3.3 Aircraft Safety ...................................................................................... 2-40 2.3.3.4 High-Energy Laser Safety ..................................................................... 2-40 i Table of Contents Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Final EIS/OEIS October 2018 2.3.3.5 Weapons Firing Safety ......................................................................... 2-40 2.3.3.6 Target Deployment and Retrieval Safety ............................................. 2-41 2.3.3.7 Swimmer Defense Activity Safety ........................................................ 2-41 2.3.3.8 Pierside Testing Safety ......................................................................... 2-42 2.3.3.9 Underwater Detonation Safety ........................................................... 2-42 2.3.3.10 Sonic Booms ......................................................................................... 2-42 2.3.3.11 Unmanned Aerial System, Surface Vehicle, and Underwater Vehicle Safety ................................................................................................... 2-42 2.3.3.12 Towed In-Water Device Safety ............................................................ 2-43 2.3.3.13 Pile Driving Safety ................................................................................ 2-43 2.3.3.14 Sinking Exercise Safety ......................................................................... 2-43 2.3.4 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................ 2-43 2.4 Action Alternative Development .............................................................................. 2-44 2.4.1 Training ................................................................................................................ 2-45 2.4.2 Testing .................................................................................................................. 2-46 2.4.3 Alternatives Eliminated from Further Consideration .......................................... 2-47 2.4.3.1 Alternative Training and Testing Locations ......................................... 2-47 2.4.3.2 Simulated Training and Testing Only ................................................... 2-48 2.4.3.3 Training and Testing Without the Use of Active Sonar ....................... 2-49 2.4.3.4 Alternatives Including Geographic Mitigation Measures Within the Study Area ........................................................................................... 2-49 2.5 Alternatives Carried Forward ................................................................................... 2-50 2.5.1 No Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 2-50 2.5.2 Alternative 1 ......................................................................................................... 2-51 2.5.2.1 Training ................................................................................................ 2-52 2.5.2.2 Testing .................................................................................................. 2-53 2.5.2.3 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................ 2-53 2.5.3 Alternative 2 ......................................................................................................... 2-53 2.5.3.1 Training ................................................................................................ 2-53 2.5.3.2 Testing .................................................................................................. 2-54 2.5.3.3 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................ 2-54 2.5.4 Comparison of Proposed Sonar and Explosive Use in the Action Alternatives to the 2013–2018 MMPA Permit Allotment ............................................................ 2-54 2.5.4.1 Training ................................................................................................ 2-54 2.5.4.2 Testing .................................................................................................. 2-59 2.6 Proposed Training and Testing Activities for Both Alternatives .................................. 2-60 2.6.1 Proposed Training Activities ................................................................................ 2-60 2.6.2 Testing .................................................................................................................. 2-67 ii Table of Contents Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Final EIS/OEIS October 2018 List of Figures Figure 2.1-1: Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Study Area .............................................. 2-2 Figure 2.1-2: Hawaii Operating Area .......................................................................................................... 2-6 Figure 2.1-3: Navy Training and Testing Areas Around Kauai .................................................................... 2-7 Figure 2.1-4: Navy Training and Testing Areas Around Oahu .................................................................... 2-8 Figure 2.1-5: Navy Training and Testing Areas Around Maui .................................................................... 2-9 Figure 2.1-6: Southern California Portion of the HSTT Study Area .......................................................... 2-13 Figure 2.1-7: Southern California Range Complex ................................................................................... 2-14 Figure 2.1-8: San Clemente Island Offshore Training and Testing Areas ................................................. 2-15 Figure 2.1-9: San Clemente Island Nearshore Training and Testing Areas .............................................. 2-16 Figure 2.1-10: Silver Strand Training Complex ......................................................................................... 2-17 Figure 2.1-11: Navy Piers and Shipyards in Pearl Harbor and San Diego
Load more

Recommended publications
  • A Priori Planning of ASW Operations: Providing a Robust Mission Advice
    PUBLIC RELEASE A Priori Planning of ASW Operations: Providing a Robust Mission Advice E.R. van Veldhoven, H.J. Fitski The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research TNO THE NETHERLANDS [email protected] [email protected] ABSTRACT New underwater sensors, such as the Low-Frequency Active-Passive Sonar (LFAPS) and the Helicopter Long-Range Sonar (HELRAS), have larger detection ranges than existing sonar systems. Effective and efficient deployment of these sensors in Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) operations requires decision support. TNO has performed research on both ‘a priori’ and ‘in situ’ planning of such operations, where ‘a priori’ is about planning at the tactical level, both long (months) and shortly (weeks, days) before a mission, and ‘in situ’ is about sensor performance and sensor settings during a mission. A priori planning is used for planning specific missions. This means that the area of operations and the expected threat are roughly known. Still, several uncertainties remain, such as the actual environmental conditions (which hugely affect the detection ranges) and enemy behaviour. These uncertainties may influence the operational effectiveness, e.g. the timely detection of enemy submarines. Hence, they must be taken into account when providing decision support for planning the ASW operation. The resulting algorithms of the a priori research have been incorporated in a demonstrator called APPAD (A Priori Planning Aid Demonstrator). Much attention was paid to the robustness of the advice on the best way to deploy the participating platforms. A robust tactic should perform reasonably well even if the uncertain parameters (such as the detection ranges) change during the actual mission.
    [Show full text]
  • Submarines and Underwater Warfare William Murray
    Naval War College Review Volume 67 Article 17 Number 3 Summer 2014 Silent Killers: Submarines and Underwater Warfare William Murray Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Murray, William (2014) "Silent Killers: Submarines and Underwater Warfare," Naval War College Review: Vol. 67 : No. 3 , Article 17. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol67/iss3/17 This Book Review is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 156 n AVAL WAR COMurray:LLEGE REV SilentIEW Killers: Submarines and Underwater Warfare These attitudes were encouraged by include the use of a devil’s advocate, the both the misuse of analogies and the institution of formal decision-making personality and style of Bush� The final processes, and expansion of the circle of discussion, on U�s� energy policy, seeks advisers consulted prior to a decision� to determine why the United States, At the end of the day, National Security despite the oil embargo of the early through a Cockeyed Lens is worth a read� 1970s and a continually acknowledged By not overselling his argument, Yetiv need for a long-term, consistently makes a stronger case for consider- applied energy policy, has been un- ing the presence and possible impact able to put such a policy
    [Show full text]
  • Download Print Version (PDF)
    Key West: Home of ARSOF Underwater Operations by Kenneth Finlayson OSS Seal Dive Badge Army Special Operations Forces (ARSOF) became the standard employs a variety of methods to insert troops in their apparatus for underwa- area of operations. Infiltration by air, land, and sea are ter swimmers in the MU.2 SCUBA: Self-Contained Under- all viable options evaluated by ARSOF units during mis- Lambertsen transferred water Breathing Apparatus is sion planning.1 The proponency for waterborne opera- to the OSS in 1943 from the term commonly applied to tions training, either surface or sub-surface, has been the Army Medical Corps. underwater diving equipment assigned to Special Forces since 1952. This article will After training newly other than those of the “hard- trace the origins of Army underwater operations from recruited MU swimmers hat” variety. Where necessary, World War II to the establishment of the Special Forces on his apparatus on Cata- the different types of systems Underwater Warfare Operations (SFUWO) school at Key lina Island, California, will be explained. West, Florida. Special Forces underwater operations have and in Nassau, Grand undergone a number of Bahamas, Lambertsen course changes and facil- was sent to Ceylon (Sri ities upgrades since the Lanka) on 7 January 1945. school was established at He joined the MU at the Key West in 1965. base at Galle, Ceylon, The origins of ARSOF where the MU had been maritime operations can headquartered since be traced to the Office of arriving in the theater in Strategic Services (OSS) June 1944.3 during World War II. The Maritime Unit The OSS had a Maritime was in the China-Bur- Operations Branch and ma-India Theater (CBI) Maritime Unit (MU) because Brigadier Gen- that became operational eral William O.
    [Show full text]
  • Defeating the U-Boat Inventing Antisubmarine Warfare NEWPORT PAPERS
    NAVAL WAR COLLEGE NEWPORT PAPERS 36 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE WAR NAVAL Defeating the U-boat Inventing Antisubmarine Warfare NEWPORT PAPERS NEWPORT S NA N E V ES AV T AT A A A L L T T W W S S A A D D R R E E C C T T I I O O L N L N L L U U E E E E G G H H E E T T I I VIRIBU VOIRRIABU OR A S CT S CT MARI VI MARI VI 36 Jan S. Breemer Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen U.S. GOVERNMENT Cover OFFICIAL EDITION NOTICE This perspective aerial view of Newport, Rhode Island, drawn and published by Galt & Hoy of New York, circa 1878, is found in the American Memory Online Map Collections: 1500–2003, of the Library of Congress Geography and Map Division, Washington, D.C. The map may be viewed at http://hdl.loc.gov/ loc.gmd/g3774n.pm008790. Use of ISBN Prefix This is the Official U.S. Government edition of this publication and is herein identified to certify its authenticity. ISBN 978-1-884733-77-2 is for this U.S. Government Printing Office Official Edition only. The Superintendent of Documents of the U.S. Govern- ment Printing Office requests that any reprinted edi- tion clearly be labeled as a copy of the authentic work with a new ISBN. Legal Status and Use of Seals and Logos The logo of the U.S. Naval War College (NWC), Newport, Rhode Island, authenticates Defeating the U- boat: Inventing Antisubmarine Warfare, by Jan S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sonar: Empire, Media, and the Politics of Underwater Sound
    Sonar: Empire, Media, and the Politics of Underwater Sound John Shiga Ryerson University ABSTRACT This article traces the development of acoustic navigation media, or “sonar,” in the first half of the twentieth century, focusing on the relationships forged between underwater sound, electric media, and new techniques of listening. The central argument is that sonar shaped, and was shaped by, the expansion of warfare and capital underwater, and that this expansion came to be conceptualized by nautical organizations as dependent upon the con - trol of underwater sound. Through analysis of key episodes in the conquest of subsea space, the author explores scientific, military, and commercial efforts to sense underwater objects and demonstrates how these efforts helped reconceptualize oceanic water as a component of undersea acoustic media and led to the material reorganization of the ocean’s acoustic field. KEYWORDS Sonar; Military communication; Materiality; Subjectivity RÉSUMÉ Cet article retrace le développement de médias acoustiques de navigation ou « sonars » dans la première moitié du vingtième siècle en mettant l’accent sur les rapports créés entre les sons sous-marins, les médias électriques et les nouvelles techniques d’écoute. L’argument central de l’article est qu’il y a eu une influence réciproque entre le sonar et l’expansion sous-marine de la guerre et du capital, et que les organisations nautiques ont commencé à concevoir cette expansion comme nécessitant le contrôle des sons sous-marins. Au moyen d’une analyse d’épisodes clés dans la conquête de l’espace sous-marin, l’auteur explore les efforts scientifiques, militaires et commerciaux pour repérer les objets sous l’eau et démontre comment ces efforts ont aidé à réaliser une nouvelle conception de l’eau océanique comme composante des médias acoustiques sous-marins, menant à une réorganisation matérielle du champ acoustique de l’océan.
    [Show full text]
  • Ministry of Defence Acronyms and Abbreviations
    Acronym Long Title 1ACC No. 1 Air Control Centre 1SL First Sea Lord 200D Second OOD 200W Second 00W 2C Second Customer 2C (CL) Second Customer (Core Leadership) 2C (PM) Second Customer (Pivotal Management) 2CMG Customer 2 Management Group 2IC Second in Command 2Lt Second Lieutenant 2nd PUS Second Permanent Under Secretary of State 2SL Second Sea Lord 2SL/CNH Second Sea Lord Commander in Chief Naval Home Command 3GL Third Generation Language 3IC Third in Command 3PL Third Party Logistics 3PN Third Party Nationals 4C Co‐operation Co‐ordination Communication Control 4GL Fourth Generation Language A&A Alteration & Addition A&A Approval and Authorisation A&AEW Avionics And Air Electronic Warfare A&E Assurance and Evaluations A&ER Ammunition and Explosives Regulations A&F Assessment and Feedback A&RP Activity & Resource Planning A&SD Arms and Service Director A/AS Advanced/Advanced Supplementary A/D conv Analogue/ Digital Conversion A/G Air‐to‐Ground A/G/A Air Ground Air A/R As Required A/S Anti‐Submarine A/S or AS Anti Submarine A/WST Avionic/Weapons, Systems Trainer A3*G Acquisition 3‐Star Group A3I Accelerated Architecture Acquisition Initiative A3P Advanced Avionics Architectures and Packaging AA Acceptance Authority AA Active Adjunct AA Administering Authority AA Administrative Assistant AA Air Adviser AA Air Attache AA Air‐to‐Air AA Alternative Assumption AA Anti‐Aircraft AA Application Administrator AA Area Administrator AA Australian Army AAA Anti‐Aircraft Artillery AAA Automatic Anti‐Aircraft AAAD Airborne Anti‐Armour Defence Acronym
    [Show full text]
  • Military Application of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles: in Quest of a New Legal Regime?
    Indonesian Journal of International Law (2018), Vol. 16 No. 1, pp. 61 - 83 http://dx.doi.org/10.17304/ijil.vol16.1.770 MILITARY APPLICATION OF UNMANNED UNDERWATER VEHICLES: IN QUEST OF A NEW LEGAL REGIME? Jeremia Humolong Prasetya Nainggolan* * Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia. Correspondence : [email protected]. Abstract The Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) is commonly used for current military operations. There are three legal issues arising out of it, namely (i) legal status; (ii) immunity; and (iii) configuration and rule of the road. The international community has also witnessed the impact of the unregulated UUVs military operation. The article will examined these legal issues in the perspective of international and national law and States practice. To enrich the discussion, legal scholars and practitioners views on UUV will be included. The capability of UUV will also be discussed to increase the comprehension of its role in military operations. Based on existing regulations, either in the international or national law, UUV is not expressly regulated. Furthermore, numerous State react to and/or conduct military application of UUV differently. Hence, it can be suggested that in preventing more incidents, UUVs need to be regulated, either in new regulations or amendment to existing regulation. If it is not possible, states can be urged by the international community and other relevant stakeholders to adopt best standard or practice in their national regulation. Keywords: unmanned underwater vehicles, military operation, legal status, regulation, legal issues. Submitted : 5 March 2018 | Revised : 21 August 2018 | Accepted : 3 October 2018 I. INTRODUCTION Military application of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUV) in foreign maritime zones is an emerging issues in the law of the sea, which needs to be addressed immediately and comprehensively.
    [Show full text]
  • Why China Cannot Conquer Taiwan 53
    Why China Cannot Michael O’Hanlon Conquer Taiwan After a decade of in- tense focus on Iraq and North Korea, the U.S. defense planning community needs to devote more attention to possible war in the Taiwan Strait. The China- Taiwan relationship is structurally unstable and potentially explosive. China (also known as the People’s Republic of China, or PRC) insists that Taiwan is a part of its territory, whereas Taiwan refuses to be ruled by Beijing. Although Taiwan’s new president, Chen Shui-bian, has stated that he will avoid declaring independence from the PRC, his Democratic Progressive Party has long called for just such a declaration of independence. Chen himself is willing to forgo one only because he believes that Taiwan is already sovereign.1 Beijing has welcomed President Chen’s restraint and has even offered to view Taiwan as an equal partner (rather than as a local renegade government) in negotiations on Taiwan’s future. But China also issued a recent white paper threatening that it will not wait for reuniªcation indeªnitely, stating that Chen must publicly renounce his party’s stand on independence and explicitly reafªrm the “one China” principle, and reminding the international commu- nity that China reserves the right to use force against Taiwan to “safeguard its own sovereignty and territorial integrity.”2 Chinese ofªcials recognize that their military will not excel until their economy develops further—a conclu- sion that would seem to counsel strategic patience on Beijing’s part.3 They un- derstand, however, that Taiwan is improving its own armed forces, and note Michael O’Hanlon is a Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution and an Adjunct Professor at Columbia University.
    [Show full text]
  • The Technological Fix: Weapons and the Cost of War
    THE TECHNOLOGICAL FIX: WEAPONS AND THE COST OF WAR Alex Roland June 6, 1995 ******* The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ******* Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, Carlisle Barracks, PA 17013-5050. Comments also may be conveyed directly to the Conference Organizer, Dr. Earl H. Tilford, Jr., by calling commercial (717) 245-4086 or DSN 242- 4086. ******* This study was originally presented at the U.S. Army War College Sixth Annual Strategy Conference held April 26-28, 1995, with the assistance of the Office of Net Assessment. The Strategic Studies Institute is pleased to publish the paper as part of its Conference Series. ii FOREWORD In April 1995, the Army War College’s Strategic Studies Institute held its annual Strategy Conference. This year’s theme was “Strategy During the Lean Years: Learning From the Past and the Present.” Professor Alex Roland, Professor of History at Duke University and a Visiting Professor at the Dibner Institute for the History of Science and Technology, presented this paper as a part of a panel examining “Technology and Fiscal Constraints.” He makes the point that historically, technology and war have operated together. Indirectly, any military institute operates within its technology context. The Army of today is, for instance, in a period of technological transition from an Industrial Age army to an Information Age army.
    [Show full text]
  • Simulation of Operations in the Underwater Warfare Testbed (UWT)
    Simulation of Operations in the Underwater Warfare Testbed (UWT) D. Keus, F.P.A Benders, H.J. Fitski, H.J. Grootendorst TNO Defence, Security and Safety P.O. Box 96864, 2509 JG The Hague, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Surface vessels and submarines must be able to defend themselves against a torpedo attack. Several studies have shown the benefits of multi-platform and multi-static operations. To facilitate torpedo defence system studies and the development of future tactics, TNO Defence, Security and Safety started the development of the Underwater Warfare Testbed (UWT). This testbed integrates the simulation models TDSTB (Torpedo Defence System TestBed), MUST (MUltiSTatic facility tool) and ALMOST (Acoustic Loss Model for Operational Studies and Tasks). The testbed models all relevant UWW assets, including vessels with sonars, helicopters with dipping sonars, and also enemy submarines (with their sonars and weapons). Each platform can use its own predefined tactics to operate alone or in task group formations. The UWT simulates the kinematics, communication and detailed acoustics signal levels (passive, active mono-static and bi-static, and intercept sonars) using the acoustic propagation and sonar performance model ALMOST. Within a simulation all systems will interact with each other. Simulated received signal levels are used to generate contacts and false targets for the tracker. The Detection, Classification and Localisation algorithms of the sonars can be modelled with high-fidelity and multi-resolution. This enables detailed runs and Monte-Carlo runs as well. The Underwater Warfare Testbed is used to evaluate operational tactics and future concepts for UWW. It is also applicable to develop submarine tactics operating in areas with multi-static sonar.
    [Show full text]
  • Underwater Warfare Simulation in Distributed System with Delta3d
    UNDERWATER WARFARE SIMULATION IN DISTRIBUTED SYSTEM WITH DELTA3D Won K. Hwam(a*), Yongho Chung(a), Young N. Na(b), Yongjin Kwon(a), Sang C. Park(a) (a) Department of Industrial Engineering, Ajou University, South Korea (b) Agency for Defense Development, Chinhaegu, ChangWon, Kyungnam, South Korea (a*) [email protected] ABSTRACT Distributed simulation system helps to achieve Forecasting performances of the weapon systems is various M&S objectives by integration of legacy very difficult to estimate as mathematical equations simulators because existing simulation systems because there are many variables to consider. Modeling historically have been confined to single, isolated and simulation techniques have raised the optimal developed for single purpose. However, efforts to build solution that can evaluate development and deployment new simulation system include large-scaled and of weapon systems. Simulation purposes are a decisive complex modern warfare resources require tremendous factor to design simulation systems, yet to develop a time, cost, and human-power. Thus, distributed simulator for every single purpose is costly, un-swift, simulation system is in demand to obtain systems for and inflexible. A distributed simulation system allows various purposes with combination a multitude of large-scaled simulations with economical input individual simulations of existing simulators into larger resources by linkages of existing simulators to the simulations (ADSO, 2004). US Department of Defense system, and it is also flexible and rapid to redesign the (DoD) founded Defense Modeling and Simulation system for other purposes. This research implements Office (DMSO) as an affiliated organization. The underwater warfare simulation using Delta3D DMSO was renamed the Modeling and Simulation simulation game engine, originally designed for the Coordination Office (M&SCO) in 2007.
    [Show full text]
  • UNMANNED CONCEPTS for MARITIME ANTI-ACCESS and AREA DENIAL Commander David Downie
    AUTOMATED EXCLUSION: UNMANNED CONCEPTS FOR MARITIME ANTI-ACCESS AND AREA DENIAL Commander David Downie JCSP 46 PCEMI 46 Solo Flight Solo Flight Disclaimer Avertissement Opinions expressed remain those of the author and do Les opinons exprimées n’engagent que leurs auteurs not represent Department of National Defence or et ne reflètent aucunement des politiques du Ministère Canadian Forces policy. This paper may not be used de la Défense nationale ou des Forces canadiennes. Ce without written permission. papier ne peut être reproduit sans autorisation écrite. © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by © Sa Majesté la Reine du Chef du Canada, représentée par le the Minister of National Defence, 2020. ministre de la Défense nationale, 2020. CANADIAN FORCES COLLEGE – COLLÈGE DES FORCES CANADIENNES JCSP 46 – PCEMI 46 2019 – 2020 SOLO FLIGHT AUTOMATED EXCLUSION: UNMANNED CONCEPTS FOR MARITIME ANTI-ACCESS AND AREA DENIAL By Commander David Downie, Royal Navy “This paper was written by a candidate “La présente étude a été rédigée par un attending the Canadian Forces College in stagiaire du Collège des Forces canadiennes fulfilment of one of the requirements of the pour satisfaire à l'une des exigences du Course of Studies. The paper is a cours. L'étude est un document qui se scholastic document, and thus contains rapporte au cours et contient donc des faits facts and opinions which the author alone et des opinions que seul l'auteur considère considered appropriate and correct for appropriés et convenables au sujet. Elle ne the subject. It does not necessarily reflect reflète pas nécessairement la politique ou the policy or the opinion of any agency, l'opinion d'un organisme quelconque, y including the Government of Canada and compris le gouvernement du Canada et le the Canadian Department of National ministère de la Défense nationale du Defence.
    [Show full text]