Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Final EIS/OEIS October 2018 Final Environmental Impact Statement/Overseas Environmental Impact Statement Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing TABLE OF CONTENTS 2 DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION AND ALTERNATIVES ........................................................ 2-1 2.1 Description of the Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Study Area ........... 2-1 2.1.1 Hawaii Range Complex .......................................................................................... 2-4 2.1.1.1 The Temporary Operating Area ............................................................. 2-4 2.1.1.2 The Hawaii Operating Area .................................................................... 2-4 2.1.2 Southern California Portion of the HSTT Study Area ........................................... 2-10 2.1.2.1 Southern California Range Complex .................................................... 2-10 2.1.2.2 Point Mugu Sea Range Overlap ........................................................... 2-11 2.1.2.3 Silver Strand Training Complex ............................................................ 2-11 2.1.3 Ocean Areas Outside the Bounds of Existing Range Complexes (Transit Corridor) ................................................................................................. 2-12 2.1.4 Pierside Locations and San Diego Bay ................................................................. 2-12 2.2 Primary Mission Areas ............................................................................................. 2-19 2.2.1 Air Warfare ........................................................................................................... 2-19 2.2.2 Amphibious Warfare ............................................................................................ 2-19 2.2.3 Anti-Submarine Warfare ...................................................................................... 2-20 2.2.4 Electronic Warfare ............................................................................................... 2-20 2.2.5 Expeditionary Warfare ......................................................................................... 2-21 2.2.6 Mine Warfare ....................................................................................................... 2-21 2.2.7 Surface Warfare ................................................................................................... 2-21 2.3 Proposed Activities .................................................................................................. 2-22 2.3.1 Proposed Training Activities ................................................................................ 2-22 2.3.2 Proposed Testing Activities .................................................................................. 2-30 2.3.2.1 Naval Air Systems Command Testing Activities ................................... 2-31 2.3.2.2 Naval Sea Systems Command Testing Activities.................................. 2-34 2.3.2.3 Office of Naval Research Testing Activities ......................................... 2-36 2.3.2.4 Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Testing Activities......... 2-37 2.3.3 Standard Operating Procedures .......................................................................... 2-38 2.3.3.1 Sea Space and Airspace Deconfliction ................................................. 2-39 2.3.3.2 Vessel Safety ........................................................................................ 2-39 2.3.3.3 Aircraft Safety ...................................................................................... 2-40 2.3.3.4 High-Energy Laser Safety ..................................................................... 2-40 i Table of Contents Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Final EIS/OEIS October 2018 2.3.3.5 Weapons Firing Safety ......................................................................... 2-40 2.3.3.6 Target Deployment and Retrieval Safety ............................................. 2-41 2.3.3.7 Swimmer Defense Activity Safety ........................................................ 2-41 2.3.3.8 Pierside Testing Safety ......................................................................... 2-42 2.3.3.9 Underwater Detonation Safety ........................................................... 2-42 2.3.3.10 Sonic Booms ......................................................................................... 2-42 2.3.3.11 Unmanned Aerial System, Surface Vehicle, and Underwater Vehicle Safety ................................................................................................... 2-42 2.3.3.12 Towed In-Water Device Safety ............................................................ 2-43 2.3.3.13 Pile Driving Safety ................................................................................ 2-43 2.3.3.14 Sinking Exercise Safety ......................................................................... 2-43 2.3.4 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................ 2-43 2.4 Action Alternative Development .............................................................................. 2-44 2.4.1 Training ................................................................................................................ 2-45 2.4.2 Testing .................................................................................................................. 2-46 2.4.3 Alternatives Eliminated from Further Consideration .......................................... 2-47 2.4.3.1 Alternative Training and Testing Locations ......................................... 2-47 2.4.3.2 Simulated Training and Testing Only ................................................... 2-48 2.4.3.3 Training and Testing Without the Use of Active Sonar ....................... 2-49 2.4.3.4 Alternatives Including Geographic Mitigation Measures Within the Study Area ........................................................................................... 2-49 2.5 Alternatives Carried Forward ................................................................................... 2-50 2.5.1 No Action Alternative ........................................................................................... 2-50 2.5.2 Alternative 1 ......................................................................................................... 2-51 2.5.2.1 Training ................................................................................................ 2-52 2.5.2.2 Testing .................................................................................................. 2-53 2.5.2.3 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................ 2-53 2.5.3 Alternative 2 ......................................................................................................... 2-53 2.5.3.1 Training ................................................................................................ 2-53 2.5.3.2 Testing .................................................................................................. 2-54 2.5.3.3 Mitigation Measures ............................................................................ 2-54 2.5.4 Comparison of Proposed Sonar and Explosive Use in the Action Alternatives to the 2013–2018 MMPA Permit Allotment ............................................................ 2-54 2.5.4.1 Training ................................................................................................ 2-54 2.5.4.2 Testing .................................................................................................. 2-59 2.6 Proposed Training and Testing Activities for Both Alternatives .................................. 2-60 2.6.1 Proposed Training Activities ................................................................................ 2-60 2.6.2 Testing .................................................................................................................. 2-67 ii Table of Contents Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Final EIS/OEIS October 2018 List of Figures Figure 2.1-1: Hawaii-Southern California Training and Testing Study Area .............................................. 2-2 Figure 2.1-2: Hawaii Operating Area .......................................................................................................... 2-6 Figure 2.1-3: Navy Training and Testing Areas Around Kauai .................................................................... 2-7 Figure 2.1-4: Navy Training and Testing Areas Around Oahu .................................................................... 2-8 Figure 2.1-5: Navy Training and Testing Areas Around Maui .................................................................... 2-9 Figure 2.1-6: Southern California Portion of the HSTT Study Area .......................................................... 2-13 Figure 2.1-7: Southern California Range Complex ................................................................................... 2-14 Figure 2.1-8: San Clemente Island Offshore Training and Testing Areas ................................................. 2-15 Figure 2.1-9: San Clemente Island Nearshore Training and Testing Areas .............................................. 2-16 Figure 2.1-10: Silver Strand Training Complex ......................................................................................... 2-17 Figure 2.1-11: Navy Piers and Shipyards in Pearl Harbor and San Diego