Special Issue: Insurgency and Counterinsurgency
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Volume 13 2012 ISSN: 1533-2535 Special Issue: Insurgency and Counterinsurgency FEATURES OPINION Brock F. Tessman and Patricia L. Sullivan, Bang Pat Paterson, Human Rights and U.S. for the Buck? Assessing U.S. Foreign Policy in Latin America Military Aid and Recipient State Cooperation J. Mark Ruhl, Post-Coup Honduras: The Limits of CRISIS IN CENTRAL AMERICA Stabilization Carlos Murillo Zamora, Regiones, INSURGENT GROUPS Seguridad, y Estados Frágiles: El Caso de Centroamérica David E. Spencer, The Paraguayan People’s Juan Ricardo Gómez Hecht, Army 2010–2011 Crimen Organizado en El Salvador Vicente Torrijos R., ¿Castillo de Naipes? Boris O. Saavedra, La Seguridad El Caso de las Farc Privada en Centroamérica Fabián Calle, Política, Insurgencia, y Contrainsurgencia en la Argentina 1970–1973 BOOK REVIEWS Carlos Ospina, La Toma del Poder por las Armas por los Grupos Insurgentes Samantha Howley: Review of Thomas Bruneau, Lucía Dammert, and DEALING WITH COUNTERINSURGENCY Elizabeth Skinner, Maras: Gang Violence and Security in Roberto Gálvez Castro, La Lucha Central America Contraterrorista en el Valle del Huallaga, Perú Patricia Kehoe: Review of Nicolás Letts, La Lucha contra el Terrorismo: Hamilton Bean, No More Secrets: Modificando el Régimen Jurídico Open Source Information and the Eduardo Hodge Dupré, Análisis, Reshaping of U.S. Intelligence Aplicación, y Contraste de los Cuatro Pilares Teóricos del Terrorismo a la “Guerra contra el Narcoterrorismo” en México Alejandro Arbeláez Arango, La Política Seguridad Democrática en Colombia Volume 13 / 2012 1 Security and Defense Studies Review Staff and Editorial Board Richard D. Downie, Ph.D. Director, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Howard J. Wiarda CHDS Associate Director for Research and Publications Yamile Kahn, Managing Editor Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Patricia Kehoe, Assistant Editor Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Vivian Rodríguez, Graphic Designer Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Raúl Benítez Manaut, Investigador Centro de Investigaciones Interdisciplinarias en Ciencias y Humanidades Universidad Autónoma de México J. Samuel Fitch, Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science University of Colorado at Boulder Ivelaw Griffith, Provost and Senior Vice President York College, City University of New York General (Ret.) Julio Hang, Director Institute of International Security and Strategic Affairs Jennifer Holmes, Associate Professor of Political Science University of Texas at Dallas Oswaldo Jarrín, Former Professor and Minister of Defense Chair Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Hal Klepak, Professor of War Studies and Latin American History Royal Military College of Canada Richard Millett, Professor of History Emeritus Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville Patricia Olney, Associate Professor of Political Science Southern Connecticut State University Eliezer Rizzo de Oliveira, Profesor Núcleo de Estudos Estratégicos Universidade de Campinas, São Paolo, Brasil Carlos Ospina, Professor and Chief of Defense Chair Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies Orlando J. Pérez, Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science Central Michigan University J. Mark Ruhl, Professor of Political Science Dickinson College Security and Defense Studies Review An Interdisciplinary Journal Volume 13 2012 William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies National Defense University 260 5th Avenue Fort Lesley J. McNair Washington, D.C. 20319-5066 Security and Defense Studies Review Volume 13 2012 Special Issue: Insurgency and Counterinsurgency CONTENTS Message from the Director, Richard D. Downie 5 Introduction, Howard J. Wiarda 7 FEATURES Bang for the Buck? Assessing U.S. Military Aid and Recipient State Cooperation Brock F. Tessman and Patricia L. Sullivan 11 Post-Coup Honduras: The Limits of Stabilization J. Mark Ruhl 33 INSURGENT GROUPS The Paraguayan People’s Army 2010–2011: Strike-Counterstrike David E. Spencer 51 ¿Castillo de Naipes? Las Organizaciones Terroristas, su Perdurabilidad, y Resiliencia Estratégica: El Caso de las Farc Vicente Torrijos R. 63 Política, Insurgencia, y Contrainsurgencia en la Argentina 1970–1973: el Período (Casi) Olvidado Fabián Calle 85 La Toma del Poder por las Armas por los Grupos Insurgentes: Origen y Desarrollo de los Planes Estratégicos Carlos Ospina 97 DEALING WITH COUNTERINSURGENCY La Lucha Contraterrorista en el Valle del Huallaga, Perú: Evolución de su Estrate- gia y Resultados entre los Años 2006–2010 Roberto Gálvez Castro 113 La Lucha contra el Terrorismo: Modificando el Régimen Jurídico Nicolás Letts 133 Análisis, Aplicación, y Contraste de los Cuatro Pilares Teóricos del Terrorismo a la “Guerra contra el Narcoterrorismo” en México: 2007–2011 Eduardo Hodge Dupré 153 La Política Seguridad Democrática en Colombia: Análisis de su Discurso, Políticas, y Resultados durante la Administración Uribe Alejandro Arbeláez Arango 173 Volume 13 / 2012 3 OPINION Human Rights and U.S. Foreign Policy in Latin America Pat Paterson 215 CRISIS IN CENTRAL AMERICA Regiones, Seguridad, y Estados Frágiles: El Caso de Centroamérica Carlos Murillo Zamora 237 Crimen Organizado en El Salvador: Sus Efectos Perniciosos en la Gobernanza y Gobernabilidad del País Juan Ricardo Gómez Hecht 267 La Seguridad Privada en Centroamérica: El Estado del Control y Supervisión del Actor Silencioso Boris O. Saavedra 291 BOOK REVIEWS Maras: Gang Violence and Security in Central America, by Thomas Bruneau, Lucia Dammert, and Elizabeth Skinner Reviewed by Samantha Howley 309 No More Secrets: Open Source Information and the Reshaping of U.S. Intelligence, by Hamilton Bean Reviewed by Patricia Kehoe 311 CONTRATAPA (ENGLISH/SPANISH ABSTRACTS) 315 CONTRIBUTORS 325 The opinions in the Security and Defense Studies Review do not necessarily reflect those of the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, the National Defense University, or the U.S. Department of Defense. Submissions for the CHDS Security and Defense Studies Review should be addressed to Managing Editor, Publications, Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies, 260 5th Avenue, Ft. McNair, D.C. 20319-5066, or emailed to [email protected], with the subject line "Submission for SDSR." 4 Security and Defense Studies Review Message from the Director We’re pleased that you have picked up and decided to read this latest issue of the Security and Defense Stud- ies Review (SDSR). The SDSR is one of the flagship pub- lications at the Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies (CHDS). In the last year, we have significantly expanded the quantity and quality of our research and publications at CHDS. We now issue a range of publications, including Regional Insights, Occasional Papers, the SDSR, the Per- ry Papers, as well as monographs, books, and articles. In addition, the Center spon- sors the bi-monthly Hemispheric Forum, a program that brings in top speakers on regional issues. Adding to the Center’s stimulating intellectual life is a regular, daily flow of regional presidents, prime ministers, defense ministers, foreign ministers, and U.S. government officials through our doors. While strengthening our research, publications, and speakers’ programs, we have also put in place a structure and staff to continue this focus into the future. We have recruited Professor Howard J. Wiarda, a leading Latin America scholar, to help direct our research and publications efforts. Ms. Yamile Kahn is the managing editor of the SDSR and other publications; Ms. Patricia Kehoe serves as assistant managing editor. Mr. Michael Mann manages the logistics and process of publications, while Ms. Vivian Rodriguez is our graphics designer. It is an excellent team that we trust will continue the stellar research and publications focus of CHDS going forward. This issue of the SDSR contains a particularly rich mix of articles, provoca- tions, and reviews. We begin with two feature articles, one on the limits of foreign military assistance and the other on the limits of stabilization in Hoduras. There are new and fresh perspectives on insurgency and guerilla movements in Colombia and Paraguay, as well as an overall review of insurgency doctrine and its applicability in Latin America. The often weak and fragile states of Central America come in for special attention, and we have a particularly interesting series of papers on counter- insurgency in Peru, Mexico, and Colombia. With this wealth of articles, this SDSR takes the form of a special edition on Insurgency and Counterinsurgency in Latin America. This issue also contains two reviews of major books on these and other related topics. It is a rich and rewarding collection of articles. We commend them to your attention. With best regards, Richard D. Downie, Ph.D. Director, CHDS Volume 13 / 2012 5 Introduction I have been pleased to work with Dr. Downie and our stel- lar staff in producing this issue of the Security and Defense Studies Review (SDSR). This issue of the SDSR focuses on insurgency and counterinsurgency in Latin America, and we include seven articles on those themes. However, we also make space for some stimulating articles on other provocative themes. We begin with a challenging research paper on U.S. military aid by Professors Brock Tessman (University of Georgia) and Patricia Sullivan (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). Entitled “Bang for the Buck,” this article explores whether U.S. foreign military assistance actually produces pro-U.S. policies on the part of the aid recipients. Citing examples from Egypt, Pakistan, and Israel among oth- ers, the investigation