DOCSLIB.ORG

Electoral Revolutions : a Comparative Study of Rapid Changes in Voter Turnout

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Electoral Revolutions : a Comparative Study of Rapid Changes in Voter Turnout ELECTORAL REVOLUTIONS : A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RAPID CHANGES IN VOTER TURNOUT by ALBERTO LIOY A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of Political Science and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy September 2020 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Alberto Lioy Title: Electoral Revolutions: A Comparative Study of Rapid Changes in Voter Turnout This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of Political Science by: Craig Kauffman Chairperson and Advisor Craig Parsons Core Member Erin Beck Core Member Aaron Gullickson Institutional Representative and Kate Mondloch Interim Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School. Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded September 2020. ii © 2020 Alberto Lioy iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Alberto Lioy Doctor of Philosophy Department of Political Science September 2020 Title: Electoral Revolutions: A Comparative Study of Rapid Changes in Voter Turnout In the political science scholarship on democratic elections, aggregate voter turnout is assumed to be stable, and depends upon an acquired habit across the electorate. Large turnout variations in a short period of time are therefore usually attributed to negligible contextual factors. This work establishes that such variations are more frequent than commonly thought and creates a novel theoretical framework and methodological approach for systematically studying rapid changes in voter turnout across Western Europe and Latin America. I attribute dramatic changes in voters’ participation, labeled electoral revolutions, to transformations in the party system competition and institutional credibility happening inside the national political context. Methodologically, it applies a detailed qualitative codebook to large samples of broad diffusion newspapers to trace the evolution of politics before the watershed elections that took place in France (1967), Great Britain (2001), Costa Rica (1998) and Honduras (2013). It finds that voter turnout dramatically increases in the presence of strengthening opposition parties, more credible institutions and a more differentiated party systems. Conversely, electoral participation is gravely damaged when opposition formations become weaker and more divided, when the administration loses popular support and political parties become less ideologically diverse. Finally, it establishes electoral revolutions as substantially important political phenomena with deep political and societal consequences, which policymakers and scholars choose to neglect at their own risk. iv CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Alberto Lioy GRADUATE AND UNDERGRADUATE SCHOOLS ATTENDED: University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy DEGREES AWARDED: Doctor of Philosophy, Political Science, 2020, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA Master of Science, Political Science, 2016, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA Master of Science, Politics, 2012, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece Laurea Magistrale (B.S.), Economics, 2012, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST: Electoral Politics Party Politics European Politics Latin American and Caribbean Politics Authoritarian Politics New Media Monetary Policy PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: Graduate Employee, Department of Political Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA, 2014-2020 Treasurer, Graduate Teaching Fellows Federation, Eugene, Oregon, USA, 2019-2020 Junior HR Administration Specialist, HP Global Business Services, Wroclaw, Poland, 2013-2014 Assistant Policy Analyst, Transparency International, Kirovograd (now v Kropyvnytskyi), Ukraine, 2013 Administrative and Policy Assistant, Istituto Bruno Leoni, Milano, Italy, 2010 GRANTS, AWARDS, AND HONORS: Graduate Teaching Fellowship, Department of Political Science, University of Oregon, 2014-2020 CLLAS Research Grant (3,500 USD) for archival work in Costa Rica, Summer 2019 William C. Mitchell Award, Department of Political Science, University of Oregon, 2017 PUBLICATIONS: Lioy, Alberto, and Stephen Dawson. "Competition, Stakes, And Falling Electoral participation in Central Asia and the Caucasus: A Comparative Analysis." Journal of Eurasian Studies (2020):1879366520928359. Lioy, Alberto, Marc Esteve Del Valle, and Julian Gottlieb. "Platform Politics: Party Organisation In The Digital Age." Information Polity 24.1 (2019): 41-58. vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the members of my dissertation committee – Craig Kauffman, Craig Parsons and Erin Beck – for all their feedback and advice at every step of the project. I am especially grateful to Craig Kauffman for understanding the research question early on, and respecting my idea of an eventful theorization despite the challenges it posed at empirical level. I would also like to thank Aaron Gullickson, who accepted to be the institutional member and provided a stimulating counterpoint from another discipline, and Robert Adcock of American University, whose workshop on historical methods at SPSA 2020 helped me think about the broader nature of my project. Outside of the committee, the single most important influence on my human and professional development during this doctoral degree has been Gerry Berk, whose kindness and continuous push to treat the research material at face value has been invaluable. Looking back, I would have never arrived here without the mentoring and advice of the academics that believed in me along the way and treated me as a scholar in the making, Nikos Marantzidis, Fabio Bagliano, Julian Gottlieb, and, above all, my father Antonio Lioy. My years in Oregon would have not been the same without my compagne and compagni of the GTFF grad student union, with whom I shared two years of laughing, crying, long nights, contract negotiations, major, and minor, victories and defeats. Working for the union also kept me anchored to a reality where people don’t understand why they should participate in a democratic process they feel is stacked against them, which is a problem of lacking political credibility, just like the ones I discuss in this work. vii My appreciation also goes to Missy’s two kids. A final thanks to the people at the Center of Latino and Latin American Studies at the University of Oregon – which provided funding and support for my archival research in Costa Rica in the summer of 2019 – in particular to Feather Crawford and Eli Meyer. viii To my wife Kat, for always being on my side through all this madness. Ό,τι σκοτώνεις είναι δικό σου για πάντα. ix TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….1 1.1 Defining Electoral Revolutions…………………………………….2 1.2 Existing Theories Of Voter Turnout………..……………………...4 1.3 Theorizing Electoral Revolution………..…………………………..7 1.4 Selecting Electoral Revolutions………….…………………….…..11 1.5 Plan Of The Book……….…………….……………….…………17 II. THEORY AND METHODOLOGY……………...……………….…19 2.1 Theoretical Framework……..……..……………………………….20 2.1.1 Roots Of Competition: The Party System………………..21 2.1.2 Roots Of Credibility: Political Institutions………………23 2.1.3 Economic Voting….………………………………….…24 2.1.4 Protests And Social Movements….……………………...25 2.1.5 Accounting For Overlap And The Individual Level……...25 2.2 Empirical Model Of Social Reality………………………………...27 2.3 Methodological Approach………………………………………....29 2.4 Empirical Analysis………………………………………………...37 2.5 Tracing An Eventful Reality……………………………………….41 2.6 Institutions And Party Systems………………………..…………..45 2.6.1 The French Electoral Institutions And The French Party System In The 1960s…………………………………………..46 2.6.2 The Honduran Electoral Institutions And The Honduran Party System In The 2000s…………………………………….48 2.6.3 The Costa Rican Electoral Institutions And The Costa Rican Party System In The 1990s………………………...…….50 x Chapter Page 2.6.4 The British Electoral Institutions And The British Party System In The 1990s…….………………………………….…52 III. COMPETITION: THE MAJORITY………………………………….55 3.1 Different Cases, Different Starting Points…………………………59 3.1.1 The Gaullist Majority In France Before November 1962...59 3.1.2 The Partido Nacional In Honduras Before December 2009…………………………………………………………....61 3.1.3 The PLN In Costa Rica Before March 1994……………..62 3.1.4 The Labour Party In The United Kingdom Before April 1997……………….…………………………………………...64 3.2 Tracing The Main Events Across The Cases……………………....66 3.2.1 The Gaullist Majority In France From 1962 To 1967: Growing Competition In An Expansive Electoral Revolution…66 3.2.2 The Partido Nacional Majority In Honduras From 2009 To 2013: Growing Competition In An Expansive Electoral Revolution…………….……………………….………………71 3.2.3 The PLN Majority In Costa Rica From 1994 To 1998: Falling Competition In A Restrictive Electoral Revolution…….81 3.2.4 The Labour Majority In Britain From 1997 To 2001: Falling Competition In A Restrictive Electoral Revolution….…88 3.3 Rethinking the Majority’s Role In Political Competition..….……95 IV. COMPETITION: THE OPPOSITION………………………………97 4.1 Different Cases, Different Starting Points………………………..101 4.1.1 The Anti-Gaullist Opposition In France Before November 1962………………………………………………………….101 4.1.2 The Partido Liberal And The Minor Parties In Honduras Before December 2009……………………………………….103 4.1.3 PUSC And The Third Parties In Costa Rica Until March 1994 …………………………………….……………105
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Goldilocks and the Tiger
    HELSINGIN YLIOPISTO Goldilocks and the Tiger: Conceptual Metaphors in British Parliamentary Debates on the British Exit from the European Union Marja Arpiainen Master’s Thesis English Philology Department of Languages University of Helsinki November 2018 Tiedekunta/Osasto – Fakultet/Sektion – Faculty Laitos – Institution – Department Humanistinen tiedekunta Kielten laitos Tekijä – Författare – Author Marja Arpiainen Työn nimi – Arbetets titel – Title Goldilocks and the Tiger: Conceptual Metaphors in British Parliamentary Debates on the British Exit from the European Union Oppiaine – Läroämne – Subject Englantilainen filologia Työn laji – Arbetets art – Level Aika – Datum – Month and year Sivumäärä– Sidoantal – Number of pages Pro gradu -tutkielma Marraskuu 2018 92 s. + 5 liitettä (yht. 43 s.) Tiivistelmä – Referat – Abstract Tutkielma keskittyy metaforien käyttöön Ison-Britannian parlamentissa maan EU-jäsenyydestä järjestetyn kansanäänestyksen kampanjoinnin aikana keväällä 2016. Tarkempana tutkimuskohteena on kampanjan molempien osapuolten, sekä EU-jäsenyyttä tukevan että eroa puoltavan, metaforinen kielenkäyttö. Sitä tarkastelemalla tutkimus pyrkii esittämään kampanjaryhmien mahdollisesti käyttämiä narratiiveja, jotka tukevat näiden ryhmien näkemyksiä Euroopan unionista sekä Ison-Britannian mahdollisesta erosta. Tavoitteena on myös pohtia yleisemmällä tasolla tämän tapauskohtaisen esimerkin kautta, kuinka vastakkaisia tavoitteita ajavat kampanjaryhmät hyödyntävät metaforia diskurssissaan. Tutkimus pohjaa Lakoffin ja Johnsonin vuonna
    [Show full text]
  • The Roots and Consequences of Euroskepticism: an Evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Scholarship at UWindsor University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Political Science Publications Department of Political Science 4-2012 The roots and consequences of Euroskepticism: an evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party John B. Sutcliffe University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/poliscipub Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Sutcliffe, John B.. (2012). The roots and consequences of Euroskepticism: an evaluation of the United Kingdom Independence Party. Geopolitics, history and international relations, 4 (1), 107-127. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/poliscipub/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Political Science at Scholarship at UWindsor. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Publications by an authorized administrator of Scholarship at UWindsor. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geopolitics, History, and International Relations Volume 4(1), 2012, pp. 107–127, ISSN 1948-9145 THE ROOTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF EUROSKEPTICISM: AN EVALUATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM INDEPENDENCE PARTY JOHN B. SUTCLIFFE [email protected] University of Windsor ABSTRACT. This article examines the causes and consequences of Euroskepticism through a study of the United Kingdom Independence Party. Based on an analysis of UKIP’s election campaigns, policies and performance, the article examines the roots of UKIP and its, potential, consequences for the British political system. The article argues that UKIP provides an example of Euroskepticism as the “politics of oppo- sition.” The party remains at the fringes of the political system and its leadership is prepared to use misrepresentation and populist rhetoric in an attempt to secure sup- port.
    [Show full text]
  • A Study of Food, Family & Nation Among the Garifuna of Honduras
    © COPYRIGHT by Kia M. Q. Hall 2014 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED for those who came before me laid the foundation paid the tolls created the path grandma gertie lou & grandpa george, papa, granny for those who crossed over during this journey you are missed i carry on with your spirit guiding me dad, aunt grace, four hundred, brother with love BAKING EREBA, EXPANDING CAPABILITIES: A STUDY OF FOOD, FAMILY & NATION AMONG THE GARIFUNA OF HONDURAS BY Kia M. Q. Hall ABSTRACT My dissertation examines the ways in which the poor and rural women of the matrifocal Garifuna community of Honduras are using the culinary tradition of making cassava bread (or ereba in the Garifuna language) to advance community development. I thus respond to the following research questions: How are Honduras’ ereba makers engaging in grassroots development? What concepts can be best used to understand and describe the ereba makers’ engagement in development work? Building upon the capability approaches to development, which evaluate development in terms of the opportunities individuals have to be and do what they value, this dissertation focuses on the agency and opportunities of rural villagers. Guided by a Black feminist epistemology that seeks to capture voices that have been excluded and/or marginalized in mainstream Western discourse, and specifically in international relations (IR) and international development (ID), this dissertation proposes a transnational Black feminist (TBF) framework as an alternative to the race- and class-biased models of IR. Further, a multi-level capabilities approach that parallels the TBF framework is introduced. The multi-level capabilities approach extends capabilities beyond individuals to analyze families, nations, states and social movements.
    [Show full text]
  • Towards Understanding the 2009 Constitutional Crisis David Fisher University of Texas at Austin Plan II and Spanish
    1 Staff Editor-in-Chief Steve Karson Managing Editor Nicholas Woodward Undergraduate Associate Editors Matthew M. Drews Affonso Reis Dylan Clement Graduate Associate Editors Corinna Jay Allison Ramirez All at the University of Texas at Austin SPECIAL THANKS to all the anonymous referees from universities worldwide and the support of the Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies. Without their help this issue would not have been possible. 2 The Student Journal of Latin American Studies at The University of Texas at Austin Issue Three - 2012 3 The Student Journal of Latin American Studies Copyright © 2012 All right reserved: No part of this journal may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing. Inquiries should be addressed to: Student Journal of Latin American Studies Teresa Lozano Long Institute of Latin American Studies The University of Texas at Austin 1 University Station A6200 Austin, Texas 78712 Issue 3 The Student Journal of Latin American Studies is a registered student organization at the University of Texas at Austin and its views do not necessarily reflect the views of the university. Printed in the United States of America 4 A Note from the Managing Editor Three years since its inception, The Student Journal of Latin American Studies (SJofLAS) continues to strive towards its mission of providing an avenue of publication for quality research about Latin America from both graduate and undergraduate students. This edition marks the end of the line for original members of the Journal’s founding board.
    [Show full text]
  • Brexit: Initial Reflections
    Brexit: initial reflections ANAND MENON AND JOHN-PAUL SALTER* At around four-thirty on the morning of 24 June 2016, the media began to announce that the British people had voted to leave the European Union. As the final results came in, it emerged that the pro-Brexit campaign had garnered 51.9 per cent of the votes cast and prevailed by a margin of 1,269,501 votes. For the first time in its history, a member state had voted to quit the EU. The outcome of the referendum reflected the confluence of several long- term and more contingent factors. In part, it represented the culmination of a longstanding tension in British politics between, on the one hand, London’s relative effectiveness in shaping European integration to match its own prefer- ences and, on the other, political diffidence when it came to trumpeting such success. This paradox, in turn, resulted from longstanding intraparty divisions over Britain’s relationship with the EU, which have hamstrung such attempts as there have been to make a positive case for British EU membership. The media found it more worthwhile to pour a stream of anti-EU invective into the resulting vacuum rather than critically engage with the issue, let alone highlight the benefits of membership. Consequently, public opinion remained lukewarm at best, treated to a diet of more or less combative and Eurosceptic political rhetoric, much of which disguised a far different reality. The result was also a consequence of the referendum campaign itself. The strategy pursued by Prime Minister David Cameron—of adopting a critical stance towards the EU, promising a referendum, and ultimately campaigning for continued membership—failed.
    [Show full text]
  • Recruited by Referendum: Party Membership in the SNP and Scottish Greens
    Recruited by Referendum: Party membership in the SNP and Scottish Greens Lynn Bennie, University of Aberdeen ([email protected]) James Mitchell, University of Edinburgh ([email protected]) Rob Johns, University of Essex ([email protected]) Work in progress – please do not cite Paper prepared for the 66th Annual International Conference of the Political Science Association, Brighton, UK, 21-23 March 2016 1 Introduction This paper has a number of objectives. First, it documents the dramatic rise in membership of the Scottish National Party (SNP) and Scottish Green Party (SGP) following the 2014 referendum on Scottish independence. The pace and scale of these developments is exceptional in the context of international trends in party membership. Secondly, the paper examines possible explanations for these events, including the movement dynamics of pre and post referendum politics. In doing so, the paper outlines the objectives of a new ESRC- funded study of the SNP and Scottish Greens, exploring the changing nature of membership in these parties following the referendum.1 A key part of the study will be a survey of SNP and SGP members in the spring of 2016 and we are keen to hear views of academic colleagues on questionnaire design, especially those working on studies of other parties’ members. The paper concludes by considering some of the implications of the membership surges for the parties and their internal organisations. The decline of party membership Party membership across much of the Western world has been in decline for decades (Dalton 2004, 2014; Whiteley 2011; van Biezen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Universidad Politécnica Salesiana Sede Quito
    UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA SALESIANA SEDE QUITO CARRERA DE COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL Tesis previa a la obtención del Título de: Comunicadora Social “Análisis de contenido de mensajes del medio de comunicación digital hondureño El Heraldo, Estudio de caso: golpe de Estado en Honduras de 28 de junio de 2009” Autora: Mireya Murgueytio J. Director: Pedro Iván Moreno Quito, abril de 2011 1 Quito, 29 de abril de 2011 Los conceptos desarrollados, análisis realizados y las conclusiones del presente trabajo, son de exclusiva responsabilidad de la autora. Atentamente: Mireya Isabel Murgueytio Jarrín C.I. 1717156713 Dedicatoria: 2 A todo aquel que aún cree que los sueños se pueden cumplir, Al que se despierta cada día queriendo un poco más de la vida, A los jóvenes de cuerpo y corazón que tienen esperanza en su Patria. Agradecimientos: A mis padres, Miryam Jarrín y Raúl Murgueytio quienes dándome nada me lo dieron todo, a mis hermanos Doris, Ángel y Alejandro, a mi sobrina Ivanna, la luz de mi vida y a mi tía Mire. A todos lo que creyeron en mí en medio de este duro proceso. A mi novio Andrés, mi vida, mi Aleph. INDICE 3 INTRODUCCIÓN 7 CAPÍTULO I CORRIENTES TEÓRICO-CONCEPTUALES PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA COMUNICACIÓN 1.1 Funcionalismo- Teoría Orgánica 11 1.2 Teoría de la Aguja Hipodérmica (Bala Mágica) 14 1.3 Estructuralismo 14 1.4 Marxismo 16 1.5 Escuela de Frankfurt (Teoría Crítica) 17 1.6 La Crítica de la Razón Instrumental de Max Horkheimer 19 1.7 La Acción Comunicativa: Jurgen Habermas 20 1.8 La Agenda- Setting function 21 CAPÍTULO II SURGIMIENTO DE LOS
    [Show full text]
  • EUROPA 10 Nr.10, (An V), 2012 Revistă De Ştiinţă Şi Artă În Tranziţie Magazine About Science and Art During the Transition
    EUROPA 10 nr.10, (An V), 2012 Revistă de ştiinţă şi artă în tranziţie Magazine about science and art during the transition Fondată în anul 2008 la Novi Sad. / Founded in Novi Sad in 2008. Central and Apare bianual / It is released two times a year Eastern European Online Library Fondator şi redactor şef / Founder and Editor-in-Chief Pavel Gătăianţu Redactor – şef adjunct dr. Virginia Popović Consiliul consultativ / Consultative Board dr. Annemarie Sorescu Marinković – Belgrad; Europe is registered in dr. Olivier Peyroux – Paris; WORLDCAT On-Line Catalogue dr. Iveta Kotríková - Banská Bystrica; dr. Nicolas Trifon – Paris; lect. dr. Vladimir Barović – Novi Sad; lect. dr. Laura Spăriosu – Novi Sad; lect. dr. Daniela Sitar-Tăut – Baia Mare; drd. Rareş Iordache – Cluj; drd. Ivana Janjić – Novi Sad; dr. Redžep Škrijelj – Novi Pazar; dr. Mircea Măran- Vârşeţ; dr. Eugen Cinci – Vârşeţ; dr. Christian Eccher – Roma; dr. Cristina Păiuşan Nuică – Bucureşti; lect. dr. Luiza Caraivan – Timişoara; lect. dr. Speranţa Milancovici – Arad; lect.dr. Teodora Rodica Biriş – Arad; conf. dr. Alpár Losonsz – Novi Sad, conf. dr. Zoran Đerić – Novi Sad; Miroslav Keveždi, masterand – Novi Sad; Asociaţia Editorilor şi Librarilor dr. Mihaela Iorga Lazović- Novi Sad; din Voivodina asist. drd. Rodica Ursulescu Miličić – Novi Sad; dr. Zoran Arsović – Banja Luka; Lucia Todoran, masterand – Cluj-Napoca; Traducere în limba engleză/ Translation in English: drd. Oana Ursulescu – Novi Sad; dr. Luiza Caraivan Vladimir Mitrović, masterand – Novi Sad; Traducere din limba sârbă: Vladimir Mitrović Consiliul ştiinţific / Scientific Board Lectura / Language Editor: dr. Carmen Cerasela Dărăbuş prof. dr. Marina Puia Bădescu (Universitatea din Novi Sad) prof. dr. Silviu Angelescu (Universitatea din Bucureşti) Design / Design: Marin Mohan, Marina Gătăianţu conf.
    [Show full text]
  • Elections in Honduras: 2017 General Elections Frequently Asked Questions
    Elections in Honduras 2017 General Elections Frequently Asked Questions Americas International Foundation for Electoral Systems 2011 Crystal Drive | Tenth Floor | Arlington, VA 22202 | www.IFES.org November 20, 2017 Frequently Asked Questions When is Election Day and for whom are citizens voting? ............................................................................. 1 Who are the presidential candidates? .......................................................................................................... 1 Who can vote? .............................................................................................................................................. 2 How many registered voters are there? ....................................................................................................... 2 What is the structure of the government? ................................................................................................... 3 What is the election management body? What are its powers? ................................................................. 3 How many polling places will be set up on Election Day? ............................................................................ 3 What provisions are in place to promote gender equity in Honduras? ....................................................... 3 Is out-of-country voting allowed? ................................................................................................................. 4 How will voters with disabilities cast their ballots?
    [Show full text]
  • The Surge of Unaccompanied Children from Central America Root Causes and Policy Solutions
    The Surge of Unaccompanied Children from Central America Root Causes and Policy Solutions By Dan Restrepo and Ann Garcia July 24, 2014 Over the past few years, and in particular over the past few months, the number of children and families leaving the Central American countries of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras and arriving in neighboring countries and at our southern border has grown significantly. Already in fiscal year 2014, more than 57,000 children have arrived in the United States, double the number who made it to the U.S. southern border in FY 2013.1 The number of families arriving at the border, consisting mostly of mothers with infants and toddlers, has increased in similar proportions. In fiscal year 2013, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, or DHS, apprehended fewer than 10,000 families per year; yet, more than 55,000 families were apprehended in the first nine months of fiscal year 2014 alone.2 The majority of unaccompanied children and families who are arriving come from a region of Central America known as the “Northern Triangle,” where high rates of violence and homicide have prevailed in recent years and economic opportunity is increasingly hard to come by. Officials believe a total of at least 90,000 children will arrive on the U.S.-Mexico border by the end of this fiscal year in September.3 This brief aims to shed light on this complex situation by putting the numbers of people leaving the Northern Triangle into context; analyzing the broad host of drivers in Central America that have caused a significant uptick in children leaving their countries; and prescribing a series of foreign policy steps to facilitate management of this crisis and also to address the long-term root causes pushing these children to flee their home countries.
    [Show full text]
  • From Chaos to Stability: U.S. Policies and Interests in Honduras Cristian Arntson
    University of Portland Pilot Scholars History Undergraduate Publications and History Presentations 12-2017 From Chaos to Stability: U.S. Policies and Interests in Honduras Cristian Arntson Follow this and additional works at: https://pilotscholars.up.edu/hst_studpubs Part of the Latin American History Commons, and the Political History Commons Citation: Pilot Scholars Version (Modified MLA Style) Arntson, Cristian, "From Chaos to Stability: U.S. Policies and Interests in Honduras" (2017). History Undergraduate Publications and Presentations. 1. https://pilotscholars.up.edu/hst_studpubs/1 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the History at Pilot Scholars. It has been accepted for inclusion in History Undergraduate Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of Pilot Scholars. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Arntson 1 From Chaos to Stability: U.S. Policies and Interests in Honduras By Cristian Arntson Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in History University of Portland December 2017 Arntson 2 December 23, 2004, a bus passes through the rough and rugged road on the way back to the suburbs of San Pedro Sula before Christmas. The bus carried 60 passengers, many of which were young children with their mothers who were carrying Christmas gifts they had bought in the city, and others were workers in the maquilas, or textile factories, who were heading home after a long day’s work. As they were traveling, the driver, Guillermo Salgado Pineda, noticed two cars stopped ahead of him, and as the bus went along one of the cars cut off the bus and stopped in front of it while the other boxed it in from behind.
    [Show full text]
  • Commencement Flyer
    FPO UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI COMMENCEMENT2020 SPRING AND SUMMER UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI COMMENCEMENT2020 SPRING AND SUMMER Graduate School School of Architecture College of Arts and Sciences Patti and Allan Herbert Business School School of Communication School of Education and Human Development College of Engineering Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine Phillip and Patricia Frost School of Music School of Nursing and Health Studies Message from the President JULIO FRENK To the Class of 2020, Congratulations! You are now prepared to undertake the next stage of your personal and professional development. Your education has equipped you with a unique skill set enriched by the experiences you have gained here at the University of Miami. The relationships you have forged with faculty, advisers, and fellow students have not only strengthened our community, but will undoubtedly be a source of community and strength throughout your career. I have always had an unwavering belief in your ability to persevere, but you have truly exhibited in an outstanding way the characteristics of caring and resilient ’Canes in the face of challenges such as hurricanes and now, the COVID-19 pandemic. This unprecedented emergency, which for the time being has transformed learning and upended life as we know it, forced the postponement of our spring commencement ceremonies until December. But that in no way affects your degree status, nor our immense pride in your accomplishments. I know you must feel frustration and disappointment at not being able to celebrate together at this time. If you choose to return in December, we will celebrate then.
    [Show full text]