ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: GREEN BEER: PRESERVING DAYTON's
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ABSTRACT Title of Thesis: GREEN BEER: PRESERVING DAYTON’S INDUSTRIAL LEGACY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE BREWING PRACTICES Emma T. Schrantz, Master of Architecture Master of Historic Preservation, 2019 Thesis Directed By: Professor Emeritus Karl Du Puy, School of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation Small-scale “craft” brewing is experiencing a renaissance in American culture and has caused a cultural shift in urban communities. The movement has rapidly impacted urban development in American Rust Belt cities, and in many ways, has promoted the rehabilitation of historic buildings and districts. This project explores ways in which craft brewing has increased economic redevelopment of historic places, as well as investigating larger trends and benefits of sustainable preservation and brewing. These findings will be synthesized through the design of a proposed ‘sustainable craft brewery’ and business collective, representing the intersections of urban agriculture, historic preservation, and sustainability. Style, materiality, and brand management will be inspired by the history and culture of the Wright-Dunbar Village, which is at the cusp of economic redevelopment in Dayton, Ohio. The goal of this design intervention is to preserve the legacy of a forgotten place, while creating a new urban community and tourist destination for Dayton. GREEN BEER: PRESERVING DAYTON’S INDUSTRIAL LEGACY THROUGH SUSTAINABLE BREWING PRACTICES by Emma Theresa Schrantz Thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degrees of Master of Architecture and Master of Historic Preservation 2019 Advisory Committee: Karl Du Puy, Chair, Professor Emeritus of Architecture Dr. Donald Linebaugh, Interim Dean and Professor of Historic Preservation Brian Kelly, Director of Architecture © Copyright by Emma Theresa Schrantz 2019 Acknowledgements To my Chair, Karl: I cannot thank you enough for your patience and support as I worked through some low points in my life to complete this project. Your design expertise took my project to new heights, and I am deeply appreciative of all you have done for myself and for my classmates. To my Committee Members, Don and Brian: Thanks for being in my corner, and supporting the development of my design and narrative. It has been a pleasure working with you, and being a member of the MAPP Community. To my Family and Friends: To my parents, for always supporting 10-year-old Emma’s dreams when she decided to be an architect; To Luke, for your love, support, and for learning the brewing process with me, despite being 1,600 miles away; To Ethan, for remaining my friend since our first day at the University of Cincinnati, and for introducing me to the wonderful potential of the Wright-Dunbar Village. ii Table of Contents Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................... ii Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... iii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. v List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................... viii Introduction ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 1: Rust Belt Renaissance ............................................................................. 3 1.1 Rediscovering ‘Legacy’ and Place Character in Dayton .................................... 8 1.2 The Revival of America’s ‘Third Places’ ......................................................... 11 1.3 Emergence of the Craft Brewery as a Modern Third Place .............................. 14 Chapter 2: Dayton - A Legacy City of Innovation ................................................. 19 2.1 Evolution of the City of Dayton........................................................................ 19 2.2 Industrial Development and Innovation ............................................................ 23 2.3 The Wright-Dunbar Legacy .............................................................................. 27 2.4 The Brewing Industry in Dayton ...................................................................... 32 Chapter 3: Craft Brewing: A Social Industry ........................................................ 35 3.1 The Brewing Process: An Overview ................................................................. 36 3.2 Craft Brewing Standards in the United States .................................................. 41 3.3 Economic Impact of Brewing in Ohio .............................................................. 47 3.4 Defining the Culture of Craft Brewing ............................................................. 49 3.5 Collective Reputation........................................................................................ 53 Chapter 4: Crafting a Sustainable Brewing Industry in Ohio ............................. 55 4.1 Advancing Sustainable Measures in the Industry ............................................. 56 4.2 Sustainable Agriculture and its Implications in Craft Brewing ........................ 60 4.3 Water Supply and Treatment ............................................................................ 64 4.4 Sustainable Brewing Case Studies .................................................................... 66 4.5 Sustainable Breweries in Post-Industrial Spaces .............................................. 68 Chapter 5: Wright-Dunbar Village ......................................................................... 70 5.1 Reuse of West Dayton’s Post-Industrial Sites .................................................. 72 5.2 Historic Designations and Overlays .................................................................. 78 5.3 Proposed Site Definition ................................................................................... 86 5.4 Economic and Demographic Analysis of Wright-Dunbar Village .................. 91 5.5 Revival of Third Places on the Third Street Corridor ....................................... 94 Chapter 6: Programming a Sustainable Brewery Collective ................................ 97 6.1 Representation of Legacy in Building Program................................................ 98 6.2 Design Considerations for Craft Brewing ....................................................... 100 6.3 Integral Components of Proposed Program .................................................... 103 6.4 Urban Revitalization at Three Scales .............................................................. 109 iii 6.5 Vertical Landmarking ..................................................................................... 111 Chapter 7: Design Approach and Strategies ........................................................ 113 7.1 Rehabilitation Strategies ................................................................................. 113 7.2 Location of Agricultural Program ................................................................... 118 7.3 Spine Development ......................................................................................... 119 7.4 Design Approach ............................................................................................ 120 Chapter 8: Final Design Proposal ........................................................................ 124 8.2 Biergarten Design ........................................................................................... 127 8.2 Structural Interventions at the Gem City Ice Cream Co. Building ................. 129 8.3 Pergola Detailing ............................................................................................ 130 8.4 Operable Façade and Hops Trellis Design...................................................... 131 8.5 Brand Identity ................................................................................................ 133 Chapter 9: Conclusion ............................................................................................ 134 Appendix 1: A History of American Craft Brewing ............................................ 136 Bibliography ............................................................................................................ 149 iv List of Figures Figure 1: The overlapping initiatives of the Wright-Dunbar Craft Collective. (Source: Author) .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Figure 2: Region known as the American 'Rust Belt', with a greater concentration of American Legacy Cities. Dayton’s location indicated in green. (Graphic by Author; with data by the American Assembly)...................................................................................................... 4 Figure 3: Migration, and factors which draw people to Dayton - Economic Opportunity, History, Family, and Cost of Living. (Source: Author) ............................................................ 6 Figure 4: Ohio Legacy Cities with Populations of <300,000 (Graphic: Author, Source: GOPC) ...................................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 5: Third Places as Centers of the Community (Source: Author) ................................. 12 Figure