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The atlas section tomorrow answer questions — we pass these benefits contains the finest, most current maps avail- Booklet on to you. All 24 volumes of the new able. With 36,000,000 words -the work and complete details // card is detached, write to Encyclopaedia Britannica, Dept. 175-Z, 425 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, III. 60611. on this remarkable offer. : The American FEBRUARY 1969 Volume 86, Number 2 CHANGE OF ADDRESS: Notify Circulation Dept., P. 0. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind., 46206 using Post Office Form 3578. Attach old address label and give old and new addresses with ZIP Code number and current membership card number. LEGION Also be sure to notify your Post Adjutant. The American Legion Magazine Editorial & Advertising Offices Magazine 720 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10019 Publisher, James F. 0"Neil Editor Robert B. Pitkin Contents for February 1969 Art Editor Al Marshall Assistant Editor John Andreola WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE POST OFFICE? 8 Associate Editors Roy Miller BY PETER D. BOLTER James S. Swartz has described A Presidential Commission our postal service as Assistant Art Editor a race with disaster, like a military beachhead on Walter H. Boll which everything has gone SNAFU. Production Manager Art Bretzfield Copy Editor Grail S. Hanford THE FIRST FLIGHTS AT KITTY HAWK— 1903 14 BY PAUL DITZEL Circulation Manager Dean B. Nelson The tale of Wilbur and Orville Wright, and how they flew the Indianapolis, Ind. first airplane on a strip of beach in North Carolina 66 years ago. Advertising Sales Representatives New York—Chicago Robert Redden Associates, Inc. Ill West 57 Street SHOULD PRESIDENTIAL POWER BE LIMITED New York, N.Y. 10019 IN SELECTING SUPREME COURT JUSTICES? 20 California TWO SIDES OF A NATIONAL QUESTION JE Publishers Representive Co. pro: SEN. STROM THURMOND (R-S.C.) 8380 Melrose Avenue Los Angeles, California 90069 con: SEN. QUENTIN N. BURDICK (D-N.D.) 420 Market Street San Francisco, California 94111 The American Legion A WILD RIDE FROM GEORGIA Publications Commission: (Chairman); How the First Gl Bill Was Written (Part II) 22 James E. Powers, Macon, Ga. Benjamin B. Truskoski, Bristol, Conn. (Vice Second of a two-part series on R. Kelley, Radnor, Pa. the dramatic fight waged by Chairman ) ; James Commander's Representative) Lang The American Legion for enactment of the GI Bill (National ; Armstrong, Spokane, Wash.; Charles E. Booth, of WW2. A 50th Anniversary Feature. Bremer, Huntington, W . Va. ; Adolph F. Winona, Minn.; Clovis Copeland, Little Rock, Ark.; Raymond Fields, Guymon, Okla.; Chris Kraja, Hernandez, Savannah, Ga. ; Mylio S. TEST YOUR MEDICAL I.Q.— 1 oungstown, Ohio; Russell H. Laird, Des A QUIZ 28 Moines, Iowa; George D. Levy, Sumter, S.C.; BY WILLIAM A. NOLEN, M.D. Frank C. Love, Syracuse, N.Y.; Morris Meyer, Morris, Baton Rouge, Misconceptions, irrelevancies, Starkville, Miss.; J. H. misinformation on the simplest La.; Harry H. Schaffer, Pittsburgh, Pa.; medical matters can sometimes lead to trouble. Here's a Stephen F. Steele, Faribault, Minn.; Bradley Stephens, Los Altos, Calif.; George B. medical quiz to test and inform and, possibly, surprise. J. Stover, Jonestown, Pa.; Wayne L. Talbert, Delphi, Ind.; J. Cornelius Tromp, Manhattan, III.; Robert H. Wilder, Dadeville, Ala.; E. Meade Wilson, Mulberry, Fla.; Edward Mc- WOODROW WILSON ON THE FLAG 31 Sweeney, New York, N.Y. (Consultant) A Pictorial Feature The American Legion Magazine is published monthly at 1100 West Broadway, Louisville, Ky. 40201 by The American Legion, Copyright 1969 by The American Legion. Second-class postage paid at Louisville, Ky. Price: single copy, 20 cents; yearly subscription, $2.00. Departments Order nonmember subscriptions from the Cir- culation Department of The American Legion, EDITOR'S P.O. Box 1954, Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. CORNER 4 NEWS OF THE AMERICAN LEGION 33 Editorial and advertising offices: 720 5th Ave., LETTERS TO THE EDITOR 6 PERSONAL New York, N.Y. 10019. Wholly owned by 56 Head- DATELINE WASHINGTON 27 The American Legion, with National quarters at Indianapolis, Ind. 46206. William LEGION SHOPPER 56 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS 30 C. Doyle, National Commander. VETERAN'S NEWSLETTER 32 PARTING SHORTS 58 NONMEMBER SUBSCRIPTIONS Send name and address, including ZIP num- ber, with $2 check or money order to Manuscripts, artwork, cartoons submitted for consideration will not be returned unless a self-addressed, Circulation Dept., P. O. Box 1954, Indian- stamped envelope is included. This magazine assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. apolis, Ind. 46206. POSTMASTER: Send Form 3579 to P.O. Box 1954 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 Office will issue a 50th Anniversary American Legion commemorative postage EDITOR'S stamp. Each donor to the Legion's Gift to the CORNER Nation before March 15 will receive an acknowledgment bearing a First Day of Issue cancellation of the Legion commem- TWO GUYS FROM DAYTON orative stamp as a keepsake. In addition, was 65 years and ten days from each donor as of that date will have his It Dec. 17, 1903 to Dec. 27, 1968. That was name permanently entered—as one who just time for a man to be born, grow up, helped light the Tomb—in a Golden An- and have his application in to receive his niversary Roster of Honor in the Legion's first full retirement benefit under Social National Archives in Indianapolis. Security. The Legion deliberately elected to in- vite small gifts or more) to under- On the first date, Orville Wright took ($1 the lighting its 12 seconds to travel 120 feet (at the pace write of the Tomb and permanent maintenance, so that as many of a human sprinter) in what is recog- as possible could personally nized as the first successful powered flight members of a vehicle carrying a man. share in the honor and the sentiment and the sense of achievement. It was a way to On the second date Apollo 8 returned let each member be a part of the Legion's safely to earth from carrying three men Golden Anniversary celebration on the in orbit around the moon, reentering the national level, and a way to let each mem- atmosphere at something over 24,000 ber be able to say that he, personally, had miles an hour. been instrumental in giving further na- From Kitty Hawk to Apollo 8 in 65 tional honor to those unnamed and un- years and ten days is perhaps the most known servicemen who lie in Arlington, dramatic representation of the swiftness and who symbolize all of our comrades of change in our century. Archaeologists, in three great wars who are still listed as digging in ancient caves, have shown that "missing in action and presumed dead." it took tens of thousands of years for an- While many members have responded cient goat herders to make substantial with enthusiasm, there are still many who improvements in their pottery, stone axes have not. In fact, though we blush to say Someday you'll and flint instruments. Orville Wright lived so, there are still a few posts from which to see jet planes and V2 rockets and died not one member has made a contribution! in 1948, only 20 years before Apollo 8. come around, In contrast, Okinawa Post contributed On page 14 of this issue, West Coast $1,000. The average gift of those who writer Paul Ditzel takes you back to Kitty have contributed is more than double the Hawk, North Carolina, in the years 1900- Don Ruf. suggested $1, and even a Japanese war 1903, to review the successful two-man veterans association made an unsolicited effort of Wilbur and Orville Wright to get donation. man off the earth under his own power. In each issue of this magazine since We might comment that, amazed and re- November, a coupon has appeared along lieved as we were at the genius of NASA's with an appeal for $1 or more to light splendid team in bringing Apollo 8 back the Tomb of the Unknowns. There is an- within sight of the Yorktown at splash- other in this issue, on page 19. March 15 down, the ingenuity of the two young bi- is the last date for donations to be ac- cycle shop operators from Dayton, Ohio, knowledged with the First Day of Issue seems to have been of a higher order. At stamp, and is the close-out date for com- Kitty Hawk, the engineers, the vehicle piling the Roster of Honor of contribu- builders, the authors of the theory of how tors. to fly, the test pilots and the aeronauts were all the same two guys. A DEADLINE APPROACHES CHANGE OF March 15 is the very last date for Le- gionnaires to join personally in the ADDRESS Legion's 50th Anniversary Gift to the Nation. The "Gift" as all must know by Notify Circulation Dept. now, is permanent lighting of the Tomb After of the Unknowns and its surroundings at you've P. O. Box 1954, In- Arlington National Cemetery. had your The project is well under way already, dianapolis, Ind. 46206, fling with and in addition to the Legion's installa- tobaccos tion of lighting the Army is relandscaping using Post Office Form kissed with per- the approaches to the Tomb so that, at 3578. Attach old address fume and laced night, the newly lit Tomb will be clearly with honey, try visible from afar, as the Lincoln Me- label and give old and Revelation. Sweet and morial and other historic monuments in '% and around the national capital are. syrupy, Revelation is not. new addresses with zip March 15 is the Legion's official 50th Revelation is simply a richer birthday, marking the first meeting of the code and current mem- blend of five great-tasting caucus in Paris of March 15-16-17, 1919, tobaccos. Nothing else. Pipe card number. which led to the formation of the Legion. bership smokers don't always start The new lighting of the Tomb of the notify with Revelation. But a great Also be sure to Unknowns—where lie unidentified fallen many end up with it. fighting men of WW1, WW2 and Korea your Post Adjutant. —will be completed and unveiled on that for the experienced pipe smoker. date. On the same date, the U.S. Post 4 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE » FEBRUARY 1969 . . EARNS $12,000 PLUS RETIREMENT When John Bott retired from service he had 20 years their own independent adjust- to his credit and the rank of Major—but no particular ing services. In fact, the need is so great future in civilian life. So he sold mutual funds for a while. that hundreds of companies Then he sold insurance. Then he became a sales clerk now have standing requests in a sporting goods store. with Universal Schools for That's when John decided that there must be a better names and addresses of all of our graduates. way to make it in civilian life. He determined to train as As a result, Universal Schools quickly as possible for a real profession. He enrolled in of Dallas has trained and placed Universal Schools of Dallas more men in this field than any for correspondence training other organization in the United States. in Investigation Accident Universal training, the stand- and Claims Adjusting. ard of the industry for 20 years, is complete, Today John Bott is earn- convenient and practical. Our famous 50-Iesson ing a month over $1,000 course prepares you to begin and above his service retire- earning immediately in an ex- ment pay. He is a profes- citing Accident Investigation sional adjuster with a large, career anywhere in the country you wish to live. independent company in Train In Your Spare Time Houston, Texas. You simply read lessons-by- At age 50 he is in the midst mail in your spare time. You of a secure, exciting "second ca- set your own pace; move ahead reer" with an almost unlimited as quickly or as slowly as you future ahead. "What I earn de- like. There are no classes to pends on just how many hours attend. No equipment to buy. I want to work," John writes. No expensive "residence train- "It's up to me because there is But there simply are not ing." You need not make the more work than can be done. enough trained men to handle slightest change in your present More people should know about this huge and growing workload schedule. this business. It's great!" —not nearly enough. More Your opportunities in Acci- Universal Training Did It trained men are urgently needed dent Investigation are fully de- And John feels more service- now, in all parts of the country. scribed in a free book offered men should know about Uni- There's a need for men to now by Universal Schools of versal Schools of Dallas, too. work full time as staff adjusters Dallas. Get all the facts. There's He credits his success in his for large and small companies. no obligation. Simply mail the new career to the school's train- There's a need for men to work coupon on this page or write ing and placement methods. part time. And there's a need to Universal Schools, 6801 Hill- "I'm only sorry I didn't see for trained men to operate crest Ave, Dallas, Texas 75205. your ads years ago," he writes. "Your training and assistance led to my securing this job. Mail Coupon Now For FREE BOOK You folks have started me off on a new life. Approved For Veterans' Training ANEWpFE! "I would especially recom- i mend this field to retired serv- icemen because this is one Universal Schools, Dept. AL-2 1 place where it doesn't matter 6801 Hillcrest Avenue what age you are. Your earn- 1 Dallas, Texas 75205 ings are only limited by your ability and ambition." Gentlemen: Without cost or obligation of any kind, please send me your John Bott is just one of the hundreds of servicemen, enlisted free book on opportunities in the booming Accident Investi- and commissioned, who have gation field. found money-making "second careers" with the help of Uni- Name. .Age. versal Schools. Here's why: World's Biggest Business Accident Investigation and Street Claims Adjusting is part of the biggest business in the world City today. Every year some 22 mil- lion accidents and losses must State .Zip Code. be investigated and settled for insurance and other companies. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 5 THE MODEL T IN WORLD WAR ONE sir: Responses to your article, "The Mar- LETTERS TO THE EDITOR velous Model T Ford," in the December Letters to the Editor page, would not be complete without reference to the value of this to Letters published do not necessarily ex- sir: Congratulations on the article. It car the American Field Serv- press tlie policy of The American Legion. ice as an ambulance in WW1. This or- Keep letters sliort. Name and address must was most informative, hard-hitting and be furnislied. Expressions of opinion and concise. ganization of volunteer ambulance requests for personal services are appreci- drivers numbered some 2,500 men and ated, but they cannot be acknowledged or Tom B. Watkins answered, due to lack of magazine staff for Fredonia, N.Y. used more than 4,000 Model T's trans- these purposes. Requests for personal serv- porting wounded and sick French sol- ices loliicfi may be legitimately asked of The American Legion slwidd be made to your Post Service Officer or your state (Department) American Legion Hq. Send THE LIBERTY BELL letters editor to: Letters, to the The sir: I got a thrill when I read in our American Legion Magazine, 720 5th Ave- nue, New York, N.Y. 10019. December issue "The Story of the Liber- ty Bell Since 1751." I was a six-year-old first grader in a little two-room school- RED HABITS house in East Rochester, Ohio, when—on sir: The exceptional article regarding a spring morning of 1893—our teachers the Kremlin gangsters ("The Violent received word-of-mouth news that the Habits of the Soviet Union," Decem- Liberty Bell would pass through on a World War One Ambulance of the ber) is most informative. The little- Pennsylvania RR flatcar on its way to American Field Service publicized fact of the Kronstadt sailors' the World's Columbian Exposition in participation in the revolution, and their Chicago. Two teachers lined up 50 or 60 diers. The car proved its value in the demise by the Party heirarchy, is indic- of us, and marched us a mile to the rail- Battle of Verdun, and in other areas ative of the Red tyranny. way station. I still remember the thrill where heavier ambulances could not go. H. B. Learned it then was to see the great symbol of The last of these ambulances was Los Angeles, Calif. American freedom roll through on its brought here in 1918, later being in my flatcar, guarded by soldiers of the Regu- possession fo 12 years. In 1938, the sir: The article on Soviet habits will be lar Army. American-Franco Museum—Blerancourt applauded everywhere by all who be- I wonder how many would walk a (Aisne) opened a building to house lieve in truth, freedom and justice to all. mile to see the grand old bell today, or American Field Service and Lafayette Reference could also have been made to how many are capable of feeling the Escadrille souvenirs. I put the ambul- the Communist-Nazi Pact that launched patriotic thrill that such sights then gave ance in good condition and shipped it World War Two. us. to the museum, where it is today. Ernest L. McLaughlin Ed W. Coulson Edward N. Seccombe Union, S.C. Plainview, Tex. Derby, Conn. Copenhagen®Tobacco isn t for smoking. It isn't lit, puffed or inhaled. Its too good to smoke. Put a pinch between gum and cheek, and enjoy it. Without even chewing. ' It's too good to smoke. 'tMik ^^H BS?9 B^tBt. H K a Copenhagen gives you all the satisfaction of prime aged tobaccos. It costs less, too. Sure beats smoking! 1 (openhagen j Copenhagen's partners: Happy Days® Skoal® Wintergreen Raspberry Tobacco For information on how to use Copenhagen, please write: United States Tobacco Company, 630 Fifth Ave., New York. N.Y. 10020 6 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 MONBERG'S NAST read in opposition to such controls. I sir: Please thank collector Erik Monberg was getting fed up with the NRA's kind for sharing with us some of Thomas of opposition, but Senator Gruening's Nast's old Santa Claus drawings. Nast example of what federal gun controls Your and some others had a fairy-tale sort of would mean in Alaska is far removed golden touch for sentimental values that from the usual double-talk you get on never die, are never corny. Mr. Monberg this subject. printing Morrison, Jr. is plainly in tune with them. Wilson Buffalo, NY. Robert L. Pearson department Seattle, Wash. DORCHESTER ROSTER sir: I envy Erik Monberg his delightful sir: I have been asked by Dr. Walter hobby of collecting Thomas Nast draw- H. White, Chaplain-in-Charge of the ings. The Nast Santa Claus drawings, Chapel of the Four Chaplains in Phila- and Monberg's sensitive description of delphia, to accumulate a list of all the MANUALS how Nast produced them, in your De- survivors and nearest of kin of those FORMS cember issue were greatly appreciated connected with the ship, SS Dorchester, CHARTS by me. that was sunk in February of 1943 while PHOTOS A. L. Knight, Sr. transporting troops to Greenland. My CATALOGS Los Angeles, Calif. personal interest arises from the fact that my brother, Daniel, perished with DIRECT-MAIL Sadly, Erik Monberg passed away in the Dorchester. I wish survivors and REPRINTS New York just as his Nast story and next of kin would contact me. COPIES pictures appeared in print. Rev. Donald J. Fiedler Assistant Pastor PRO PRO AND CON St. Anthony Church 419 First St. sir: "Washington Pro & Con" is a won- West derful monthly feature of your ex- Liberal, Kans. 67901 cellent magazine. It has helped our membership keep well informed on THE MUSIC MAN current governmental issues and, as a sir: The news item in the January issue result, has led to many an interesting concerning Meredith Willson, the com- discussion within our Post. Keep up the poser of the new American Legion good work! march, mentioned that he is a WW2 vet- Ward P. Rynearson eran. Is Mr. Willson a Legionnaire? Newark, NY. John T. Christopher Trenton, N.J. sir: I have not always agreed with for- mer Senator Gruening, of Alaska, but I Meredith Willson, composer of 76 Trom- must say that his argument against fed- bones, etc., as well as of a new march eral gun control laws in your December for the Legion on its 50th Anniversary, Pro and Con Department was the sanest, is a member of Clausen-Worden Post most convincing statement I have ever No. 101, Mason City, Iowa. This remarkable breakthrough in fac- simile printing places at your disposal both the versatility of the printing press and the convenience of the copier. If you require only as few as 10 copies, or more than 10,000 reproductions in colored inks and on colored papers, the Gestetner process will provide them — right in your own office — with your office girl as operator. Push-button scanning (Gestefax) will image your stencil-masters directly from any subject, typed, printed, drawn, clipped, photographed, or in combination as a 'paste-up layout.' Consider the savings in both time and money by office-producing the kind of work you once sent to costly outside services. GESTETNER GESTETNER CORPORATION Dept. A-2 216 Lake Ave., Yonkers, N.Y. 10703 Send complete details and literature. Name „ Organization "That Mr. What's-His-Name called." Address City THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE State Zip „ THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 7 What's Wrong With the Post Office? According to voices on all sides, there's more wrong than right with the mails. By PETER D. BOLTER the Post Office is still delivering the mail. didn't even scratch the surface, for along True, it is goofing up more mail than it came Robert Sherrill with a piece in the What is wrong with the U.S. used to. True, try as it will, it can no New York Times Magazine out of Wash- Post Office? longer live up to some of its old ideals. ington. He filled a good, fat article with From what we hear on all But considering that some of our larger additional postal woes that hadn't even sides these days, so much is wrong with post offices are now handling about two been mentioned in the Presidential com- it that it's easier to say what's right with million pieces of mail a day under horse- mission report.** it. and-buggy conditions, the high percent- The troubles with the Post Office actu- Experts seem to agree on only two age of the mail that gets through very ally defy description. They aren't a story, things that are right with our postal close to schedule is nothing short of an they are a catalog, without any visible service. ever-loving miracle. beginning or end. Our bigger post offices 1. It still has a lot of people in it who That much is right about the Post are imbued with the idea that they are Office, and nobody will say more. * Report of the President's Commission on for a Presidential rendering a public service. In fact, that As what's wrong, Postal Organization, June, 1968. Available from may be the only thing to account for commission put in a year in 1967-68 Sup't of Documents, U.S. Gov't Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. $1.25. the other thing that is right with it. To studying the P.O., and spent about a wit: million bucks doing it. Last summer it ** 2. Somehow or other, under conditions spewed forth 212 pages of what's wrong Bring Back the Pony Express, by Robert Sherrill. New York Times Magazine, Sun- that make it an incredible performance, with it.* Apparently the commission day, Nov. 3, 1968. 8 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEB UARY 1969 The postal system, antiquated in almost all aspects, is perilously close to breakdown, warns a special commission. resemble military beachheads on which it but pass it on to the regional director. tern—had little or no control over the everything has gone SNAFU. Command The regional director could do nothing postal workload, revenues, pay rates, and plan are invisible if they exist, and about it except pass it on to the Post- working conditions, physical facilities every little battalion is hanging on for master General. and postal transportation. dear life to its own perimeter with no Not true. Postal employees have an O'Brien said that if he'd only heard it notion how the battle is going. Every excellent record of making suggestions put that well in time he might not have day's work is a race against disaster, as that are put into practice. But not so taken the job in the first place. In fact, he many postal officials frankly state. much in big and sweeping things as in resigned last April and left the job for Though things are bad enough, it isn't small things. the duration of the Johnson Administra- that there's no way out, nor is all as bad It is true that a big, necessary and tion in the hands of a new Postmaster as the Presidential commission makes it obvious management improvement may General, Marvin Watson. seem. The Post Office isn't all horse-and- meet a sorrier fate. It has been said, and not entirely jok- buggy, it's an odd mixture of the modern What could the Postmaster General ingly, that if the Post Office keeps on as and the outdated. The commission report do about it? Witness this Congressional it has been going for another 20 years, leaves you feeling that if a postal clerk exchange not long ago between Rep. every man, woman and child in the had a good idea it would be lost. His Tom Steed (Okla.) and ex-Postmaster United States will have to work for it. supervisor couldn't do anything about it, General Lawrence O'Brien. Rep. Steed That's because it does so much of its except pass it on to the local postmaster. asked Mr. O'Brien if it were true that work by hand that, the way the mail vol- The postmaster could do nothing about he—the boss of the whole postal sys- ume is growing, it'll take every hand in THE AMERI N LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 9 1 CONTINUED What's Wrong With the Post Office? the United States to handle it by then. of mail, the attempts to explain what Of course, every man, woman and happened, and how to prevent a repeat, child doesn't write enough letters him- were as fascinating as the breakdown self to create that load. But the so-called itself. junk mail — much of the third- and In Congress, the following February. fourth-class bulk and catalog mail—is Rep. Silvio Conte (Mass.) asked "an handled for only about a third of what experienced and well-informed postal it costs the P.O. That's such a bargain official" what the operating costs of the that those who use junk mail to their Chicago Post Office were in 1966. The advantage would be fools not to keep answer was that the P.O. could supply piling it on. They probably use most of the number of hours worked in Chicago the billion-dollar-a-year Treasury sub- in 1966, but not the total cost of running sidy that goes to the Post Office—over the post office there. Conte asked if he and above the $5 billion that we pay for had heard right. Assured that nobody postage. Meanwhile, even though it ap- can say what it costs to run any post parently pays for itself, the great volume office, Conte said, "That is amazing." of first-class mail from business sources They just don't keep the books that way. is so huge and growing that the experts The President's commission gave 1 say the day is soon coming when the reasons for the Chicago breakdown, and hand-labor methods of the Post Office claimed that the same conditions exist in and its stifling management system will varying degrees in other post offices, cause the whole works to crack under the making a more general breakdown an load. Total mail comes to about 80 bil- increasing possibility. lion pieces a year now, and will zoom Regarding Chicago—the world's larg- over 100 billion in no time. And while est Post Office—the commission said there are over 36,000 post offices, more that there had been no postmaster there than half this load is carried by the 75 for six months (due to the political sys- larger big city offices. They are the ones tem of naming postmasters, and holding failed, and half the tractor fleet was out that are already beginning to look like appointments up until the "right man" of service due to breakdowns. disaster areas. qualifies himself). Employee morale was That wasn't all, but it seemed enough. True, none of the figures on this kind low. Experienced supervisors had been Yet in his Times article, Sherrill inti- of stuff seem to be too accurate. The retiring at a high rate, while a training mated that the commission hadn't put President's special commission admitted program to move new men up was al- its finger on what really caused the that it had to rely on a sort of "by guess most absent and postal rules prevented breakdown. Said he, "using the pile-up and by God" method of reckoning for moving able men in from other post as their excuse, officials finally worked most of its figures. That's because the offices. The sick leave ratio was the high- up enough courage to fire a group of P.O. accounting system is so vague and est in the nation; the amount of work assorted misfits (drug addicts, toughs, uninformative that nobody knows ex- achieved per man-hour was the lowest in etc.) in that office and things have been actly what its costs are or how its work- the nation; there was inadequate dock going pretty well ever since." load breaks down. space; the building and its machines were When the Chicago Post Office simply poorly laid out and had been designed What the President's commission had ground to a halt for almost three weeks for a much smaller volume of mail; con- to say about the Chicago conditions be- ing general throughout in Oct. 1966, piling up ten million pieces veyor belts and elevators had repeatedly the system would make your head swim, if you are an outsider to our postal workings. In fact, the commission found the postal system to be so disorganized, bureaucratic and muddling that its own report tended to be disorganized—a vast list of troubles from which it is hard to sort the major from the minor postal difficulties. It must take something to disorganize such a commission, for it was made up of ten top operators from private life. Chairman was Frederick R. Kappel, re- tired head of AT&T. Other members were top corporate, business school, foundation and labor executives. To them, the postal system in toto was a frightful mess of conditions that they were sure would bankrupt them in their own fields. They were appalled at the hand labor, and insistent that the post office must mechanize its handling, sorting, loading, unloading. They were appalled again that some post offices have some mech- The best postal managers are those who outwit the system. anization that others haven't heard of; 10 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 A major postal project goes through 25 steps and may take up to ten years for fruition. that a single post office may have actu- senior employees can and do mostly ceive and pay by first-class mail. Your settle ally updated one of its operations while claim the right to work days. creditors would certainly for de- i it is still back in the last century with It is obvious, said the commission, pendable two-day delivery of bills they I others. The best postal managers, they that most first-class mail users would set- send out. They'd probably gear them- found, were those who could outwit the tle is selves so that their bills would arrive at for an extra day (which what more j system. and more of them get anyway in the the same time anyway. And when you They were appalled at the number of present mess.) Just make two classes of pay your bills you would seldom care big post offices whose buildings are years first-class mail, with perhaps an extra whether your payment arrived on Tues- behind the times; and appalled again that cent for next-day delivery, and probably day or Wednesday. But if you were late is it with your insurance, or tax the government red tape such that most of the nighttime crash operation mortgage ] can take ten years to create a new build- could be handled smoothly around the payments on Monday, you could put an ing once the decision is made that the clock, the commission suggested. But extra cent on and be sure of Tuesday old one is inadequate. They noted that the Post Office doesn't know how many delivery—which you can't now. offices most new post are rented to get of its first-class customers would settle All this bears on the claim that the around the red tape of building them. P.O. knows not what its customers want, for an extra day—it just adheres to the They found the ramshackle, disor- fine, old tradition that first class must all which is the very foundation of how or- ganized, dirty, poorly heated, badly ven- be delivered tomorrow, and keeps trying, dinary business services operate. Instead, tilated, unsystematic layouts of it sticks to ideal determining many while falling further behind. Today, it an without older offices the post to be an outrage to fails to get 29% of first-class mail de- its necessity—even when that ideal be- 20th century and an insult to the people livered next day, said the commission. comes a monster. who have to work in them. No office within the Post Office has It could be that the public would pay They found that the Post Office has any responsibility for determining what an extra cent for no more than a fifth little knowledge of, and apparently no services the customers want and don't of its first-class mail, given a choice of way of finding out, what its customers want, the President's commission noted. one day slower for a cent less. want. Especially they cited what this No program exists for experimenting That would mean, first, that four-fifths means in handling first-class mail. with alternative kinds of services. of the big nighttime post office crush The big post offices get as much as a The commission was aghast to find could be spread more evenly around the million pieces of first-class mail in a that the average postal worker gets less clock, saving both money and a daily single night, and the time-honored ideal than 8 hours training a year, half of it postal crash operation. is to get it all delivered the next day. This on his own time. The only way to make It would also mean that those who results in two nighttime peaks of work, a supervisor is through several years of need fast delivery enough to pay for it at premium pay. The first peak comes seniority. That prevents hiring able su- could get fast delivery. Now you can't when the local business mail pours in pervisors from the outside, and today it even be sure of fast delivery of special after five o'clock, to get started on its is almost a bar to hiring anyone with a delivery mail, which, the commission way. The second comes later in the night decent education (because he can do a noted, is "sometimes slower than regular when the first-class mail from out of town lot better than start at the bottom in the service." post offices pours in for morning de- post office). The commission was The commission has to be right. Con- livery. Those two peaks are the big daily shocked to learn that each post office is sider only the monthly bills that you re- crunch. They are handled by the newer, such an island unto itself that transfers least experienced employees, because DRAWINGS BY CARL ROSE from one post office to another are vir- THE AMERIC I LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 \\ CONTINUED sets the postal rates, Congress gives the P.O. what it needs to get out of a hole What's Wrong With the Post Office? and takes what it earns. The commission had a field day citing tually impossible for anyone except rural O'Brien was concerned, this suggestion fr'instances. It dwelt on a one-cent postal rate in-county newspapers, mail carriers. didn't offend him a bit. In fact, it was for delivering Even within any post office, promo- his idea. While in office he had been established in the last century to dis- courage local delivery the Post tion is almost all based on seniority (and, crying to have his job eliminated. Not news by say others, political influence) while only that, but appointing the commission Office. A cent was a lot for that, then. The rate still stands, requiring the P.O. merit has virtually nothing to do with was his idea. And it was his idea to have to deliver a five-pound newspaper locally it. This is so discouraging to new em- President Johnson instruct the commis- ployees, says the commission, that the sion to study the Post Office with the for a cent today. Lack of reasonable monies, the com- notion of public service seems to be the thought in mind of recommending a mission noted, is what has fragmented only thing that holds able men. Even so, separate Post Office corporation to take the Post Office into islands of frustration. the turnover is enormous. (About one over. There are 15 regional postal directors' eighth of the postal system's 700,000- The commission made powerful ar- offices, each with about 2,200 post offices plus workers have hardly been on the job guments on behalf of its solution. Most the it the under them. The regional offices don't a year.) The commission clearly raised of evils found with postal serv- the staff is happening ice it traced to the P.O.'s annual depend- have to know what its eyebrows when it reported that 80% ence on Congress for all its money, and in 2,200 post offices. They can't investi- of employees end their careers in the to its day-to-day regulation by laws, gate or even listen to the problems of same jobs they started with; 85% are in some of them 100 years old, and by the 2,200 postmasters. The postmasters, in the five lowest paygrades, and the re- turn, know this is so, and know that un- sponsibilities of supervisors are so great less they have a catastrophe it's almost compared to their pay that many an em- impossible to get an ear higher up. This ployee prefers never to be promoted fact alone creates a climate in any one that high. post o.ilce of muddling along as things If the commission found the output get worse and worse without asking for useful per in Chicago of work man-hour help until the roof falls in. to the worst in office, it be any post found Although the method of hiring people the output of useful work per man-hour in the Post Office is well known to every- the postal generally to be the in system one in the postal system, those who are worst in the country. It blamed none of unfamiliar with it may be intrigued and the It laid this on workers themselves. amazed. It takes about 13 weeks to hire the blame rather impartially on (a) the a person through an involved process, way the postal system locks it workers and then he is usually offered a part-time in a system where ambition is only a substitute job which could continue for frustration and working conditions are years before he might come to work full a misery and (b) on the general failure time. This process and its rewards are of the postal system to modernize its sys- so wearing and discouraging to so many tems and mechanize its work. applicants that in some cases as many Since 1956, it reported, postal wages as 67% of acceptable applicants find have increased by more than half, while work elsewhere instead. A passage from output per man-hour has barely budged the commission's report gives the un- upward. This means that the Post Office initiated a general idea of the prospects wage increases since 1956 are almost of a new employee. 100% inflation. While wages have gone "Usually the new employee enters up in industry too, the commission noted The Post Office is almost unable to re- the postal service as a career substitute. spond to the needs of its customers. that by improving their systems and up- During his tenure as a substitute, the dating their mechanical equipment, in- Postal Manual, which—it hinted—had employee must be available for call, but dustrial management has allowed output hardly been improved in 30 years. has no assurance of any fixed amount per man-hour to rise almost, but not Today, said the commission, the P.O. of employment. If called in to work he quite, as fast as wages. needs at least a $5 billion shot in the is guaranteed at least two hours of em- It cited seven general areas of industry arm to save itself from creeping catas- ployment that day. It may be many and business that have increased their trophe. If it had been able to control its years, particularly in smaller post offices, man-hour output from eight to 25 times own money over the years, it could have before the substitute succeeds to a regu- as much as the Post Office since 1956. been investing all along in improve- lar or full-time position. During this pe- The President's commission blamed ments. But no. It never had any money riod the substitute lives on hope, works all of this, and much more, on the system of its own to invest, and no long-range irregular hours and goes without steady itself. It said that the Post Office is run budget to plan with. Having nothing to employment until he receives a regular too much by act of Congress, and that plan with, but relying each year on what appointment." the only thing to do is to abolish the Congress would finally allow it. it could For some people this was a good deal Post Office as a Cabinet agency, abolish plan and plan and nothing would come back in the Depression. Today it is the Postmaster General, create a sepa- of it but paper. When it goes to Con- hardly appealing to anyone who can rate government corporation like the gress for its annual money appeal it com- qualify for anything but the meanest TVA to run the Post Office, and give petes with the rest of the federal budget work in private employment. There is the corporation all the authority it needs —these days the Vietnam War and the not even the prospect of using a Post to run the show, even to setting postage poverty program, yesterday something Office job as a stepping stone to better rates and deciding what services the Post else, the day before something else and work outside, for, as the President's com- Office will and will not render. tomorrow something else. mission noted, working for the Post As far as ex-Postmaster General Congress sets postal wages, Congress Office hardly trains anyone for any other 12 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • F BRUARY 1969 Two quotations from the commission report make the point. Even the Postmaster General has no control over First: "The Post Office's inefficiency the operating conditions in the postal system. is starkly apparent to anyone who walks across a workroom floor. In most offices, men and women lift, haul and push mail sacks with little more mechanical as- sistance than the handcart available cen- turies ago. In this electronic era the basic sorting device remains the pigeonhole case in which letters are placed by hand, one by one. The basic parcel post con- tainer is a canvas sack, filled, lifted and ." dumped by human labor. . . Second: "The Post Office has not only failed to take advantage of the tech- nology of other industries, it has not fully exploited the mail processing equipment already in use in some of its facilities. The multi-position letter sorting ma- chine, for example, requires ten fewer employees to sort the same amount of mail and pays for itself in two years or less in the normal installation. Yet, only 39 post offices use this equipment. The same limited utilization is found for other types of postal machinery—parcel sorters, sack sorters, cullers—with the result that more and more manpower is needed to handle growing mail volume. type of job in the United States today. stand as obstacles to all kinds of sensible "The mechanization gap comes from So the typical day-to-day action in solutions to local postal problems. The a chronic shortage of funds for capital any post office is to throw brains, initia- commission quoted a local postmaster investment. Despite recognition by most tive, ambition, foresight and judgment who was asked how he managed his post Congressmen of the urgency of postal to the winds and settle most questions office. "I don't manage it," he said. "I problems, the accumulated need for fa- from the Postal Manual. One pictures administer it." cilities and equipment exceeds $5 bil- the Chicago disaster of 1966 being ." One of the weirdest results of the Post lion. . . clearly seen by all reasonable people Office's dependence on hit-or-miss an- The present $5 billion need, the com- it they there as drew closer, while were nual Congressional appropriations is mission made clear, is no sudden fancy unable to do anything to stop it. They seen in what happens to such progress notion, but represents what should have to take lacked the authority and funds as it has been able to make. It can sel- been spent, yet wasn't, over decades of steps while in the any special — nothing dom put to the best use those innovations neglect of postal needs. In short, it is do. manual or the 1966 budget would it has developed. It has developed a few how much the P.O. has been allowed to When a 1935 answer doesn't settle but it simply cannot get the funds to run downhill. a 1969 question, it is just too bad. No- put them into general operation. It's as The commission went on to say: "A body, the commission noted, can talk if IBM, having developed the 360 com- promising development in letter sorting to the manual. And, it said, the only puter, decided to put it in a glass case is the optical scanner which permits ma- people who might make a saving deci- and make do with hand adding ma- chine reading of typed or printed ad- sion in a desperate situation are virtually chines. (Continued on page 52) out of reach and "remote from issues of efficiency or planning." To get Chicago going again the Postmaster General had to send in a special task force. To spend even small sums to make an obvious improvement, a local postmaster faces obstacles of red tape and legal re- strictions that hardly make the effort worth the candle. What can be done about "dirty facili- ties, crowded and noisy work areas, in- adequate locker space and rest rooms and poor lighting, heating and cooling systems" which, said the commission, are common? Almost nothing by the top man on board. "Local management rarely has the power to correct these conditions if correction costs money; it has little incentive to correct them and many defenses in the rule books for not doing so," wrote the commission. Ancient laws on the statute books The postal system offers little chance for advancement based on ability. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 13 The First Flights At The "Kitty Hawk," the plane with which the Wright brothers made history in December 1903. Orville is lying flat, at controls The story of Wilbur and Orville Wright, two young, unknown men who, on a desolate strip of beach in ISorth Carolina 66 years ago, opened the era of aviation. By PAUL DITZEL bar 35 miles from any important city? Tall and slender, they differed in weight Was someone in the weather bureau kid- by only five pounds. But they could A MIDSUMMER DAY in 1900, ding him? Who but another weatherman easily be told apart. Orville had a mus- ONJoseph J. Dosher. Chief of a had ever heard of Kitty Hawk? tache. United States Weather Bureau Dosher might look foolish if he re- Wilbur and Orville were the young- Station on the North Carolina coast, sus- plied. Maybe the Wright brothers were est of four sons of Milton Wright, a pected that a letter he'd just received for real, but Dosher decided not to an- Bishop of the United Brethren Church, might be a joke. swer the letter just then. whose wife, Susan, had died in 1889. The letter, postmarked Dayton. Ohio, In Dayton. Ohio, disappointment The brothers—the older two had mar- was signed by a Wilbur Wright who said mounted at the Wright Cycle Company ried and left home—lived with their sis- he operated a bicycle shop with his broth- shop, a converted two-story brick and ter. Katharine, and father in a seven- er. Orville. He asked for wind and ter- frame dwelling at 1127 West Third room house at 7 Hawthorne Street in rain data at Kitty Hawk, N.C., in hopes Street. Wilbur and Orville Wright Dayton. of doing some "scientific kite flying" in watched in vain for an answer from Wilbur and Orville, intelligent and the area. Kitty Hawk. Wilbur, 33, and Orville, ambitious, had. during their high school Who, Dosher wondered, would jour- four years his junior, looked much alike, days, opened a bike shop. They had ney 800 miles just to fly a kite on a sand- especially in their thin facial features. prospered, especially after introducing 14 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FE BRUARY 1969 Kitty Hawk- 1903 Wilbur stands at right. The plane, now in the Smithsonian Institution, made four flights. The longest time aloft, 59 seconds. their own custom-built line, whose low- find in the Dayton Public Library about had taken up gliding. Starting with a priced model, the Wright Special, sold airborne gadgets and wrote for more five-wing model trussed with wires, he for $18. Annual profits ran to around reading matter from the Smithsonian In- developed a simpler two-wing model. $3,000. stitution. Its director and secretary. Prof. Chanute's biplane design seemed to the The slack in the bike trade in winter Samuel P. Langley, was experimenting Wrights to be the best among the many gave them free time to turn to other with flight. Out of their reading, there craft being built by a host of aeronauti- ideas that challenged their active minds, emerged the names of two men. one of cal enthusiasts. Not a few of them, in- such as a simplified typewriter: a new whom became a hero to the Wrights, cluding the Wrights, were wondering if calculating machine that multiplied as while the other profoundly influenced a glider with a motor could not fly under well as added, and balloon tires for bi- and encouraged them. its own power. cycles. They even toyed with the idea of The first was Otto Lilienthal. a Ger- The most serious obstacle to true flight, building horseless carriages, though it man scientist who had built a 40-pound as the Wrights saw it, was that of keep- seemed unlikely that the motor car glider of peeled willow wands covered ing side-to-side balance. Early glider at- would ever take the place of the cheaper with waxed cotton cloth. The brothers tempts at balance had been based mainly bicycle. were amazed to read of Lilienthal's ex- on shifting the weight of the operator's They were also intrigued by contrap- ploits. Before his death in 1 896. he made body from side to side, or by mounting tions that could fly. When they were more than 2,000 glider flights, riding the the wings in a broad "V"-shaped fashion. youngsters, their father, returning from air currents like a soaring bird. Not only Neither worked too well, as witness many a business trip, had brought them a rub- that, Lilienthal set down formulas to fatal glider crashes. If that problem ber-band powered toy called a helicop- explain what wing shapes would ride the could be solved, then they thought it ter. They called it a "bat." From that air best. would be a simple matter to take a motor- time on "flying machines" fascinated The other man was Octave Chanute, a boat propeller and an automobile engine them. civil engineer who specialized in bridge and mount them on a glider to produce Wilbur and Orvillc read all they could design. In 1 896, the 64-year-old Chanute a heavier-than-air flying machine. One THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 15 CONTINUED 'COI R I KS'! OK THE HENRY FORD MUSEUM, The First Flights At Kitty Hawk- 1903 that could take off under its own power, maintain control in flight and land safely. Orville had a hunch that some me- chanical way of changing the angle of the wings while in flight might be the answer. Then changes in balance could be corrected by the operator manipu- lating controls instead of shifting his weight. By successfully developing this theory. Orville discovered the basic principle of wing warping to control the airplane. Their first attempts to make a work- able stabilizer failed. Then, weeks later, Wilbur, idly twisting a cardboard box that had held a bicycle tube, noticed that the sides of the box remained rigid even when the top and bottom were twisted to almost any angle. If, he thought, a rigid "wing" could have its curvature changed in a similar way while in flight, wouldn't the air pressure against the wing change accordingly, maintaining balance? They tested the idea with a specially CULVER PHOTOS Before turning to the skies, the brothers ran a prosperous cycle business in Dayton. The building (above) now stands as a museum in Dearborn, Mich. responding, suggested San Diego. Calif., answered the letter. "I will say the beach or St. James City (Pine Island), Fla., as here is about one mile wide," he wrote, likely spots. From the U.S. Weather Bu- "clear of trees or high hills and extends reau in Washington they obtained a list for nearly sixty miles same condition. of other sites along the Pacific and At- The wind blows mostly from the north lantic coasts. Orville and Wilbur looked and northeast September and Octo- ." at a map. The closest one to Dayton was ber. . . at Kitty Hawk. N.C. Wilbur quickly got "Cap'n Billy" Tate, former Kitty off a letter to the bureau chief at the Hawk postmaster, may have been con- weather station there. sumed with curiosity. He followed up On August 16. 1900. Dosher finally Dosher's note with a long letter telling AIR FORCE MUSEUM The brothers, Orville (rt.) and Wilbur. built winged kite. Long control cords extended to earth from the wing edges. As the wind pulled one wing lower than the other, they manipulated the cords to twist the wings instead of simply to bully them back into balance. Lo! with changes in air resistance on them, the kite righted itself. Here was the solution. But could they achieve the same results with a larger kite and a man aboard? To find out, they would need a large, open area, | free of obstructions, with good winds and soft landing space, such as a sandy beach. There was no such place around Dayton. At Kitty Hawk, the brothers experimented with unmanned and manned g iders for Chanute, with whom they were cor- lay prone during glide, manipulating the rudder with their feet (photo, right) as 16 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 DEARBORN, MICHIGAN" biplane's wings, which were shaped to conform to Lilienthal's air pressure tables. Metal was fashioned into wing connectors. A local dry goods store pro- vided the finest white French sateen, which they sewed into envelopes to fit over the wings. The contraption followed Chanute's biplane glider design, except for two significant innovations. They added a front rudder, mounted on a hori- zontal plane 30 inches in front of the lower wing, to maintain fore-and-aft sta- bility. And they rigged their wing-warp- ing mechanism to an ingenious system of control wires zig-zagging to connections at the wing edges. The wing twisters were controlled from near the center of the lower wing, which was left uncovered. Here, an 18-inch-wide space was pro- vided for the operator or "engineer." (The use of "pilot" was still some years off.) Lying belly-down, the operator would manipulate the wing-twisters by moving his feet, to which were attached the con- trol wires. Stretching his arms before him, he would, meanwhile, control the rudder, which varied the angle of flight as necessary. The belly-down position was somewhat radical and dangerous, but the brothers reasoned that the op- Machine shop of cycle company (left page). Here, erator, lying prone, offered less resist- Wilbur and Orville built parts for their gliders ance to the wind than if he sat or stood. and for the first successful heavier-than-air, manned craft. Inset, the wind tunnel that provided The glider was mounted on a pair of them with the key to manned, controlled flight. sled-like skids to protect the lower wing and rudder from scraping against the AIR FORCE MUSEUM ground on takeoff or landing. The whole the Wrights they could find "nearly any made a point about the weather. "Don't contraption weighed 52 pounds, had a type of ground you could wish; you wait until November," he wrote. 17Vi-foot wingspan and a lifting area of little could get a stretch of sandy land . . . with "Autumn generally gets a rough." 165 square feet. It cost $15. The Wrights later said that "Cap'n a bare hill in center 80 feet high, not a Taking the glider apart, the brothers tree or bush anywhere to break the even- Billy's" bubbling enthusiasm, more than crated and shipped it to Elizabeth City, ness anything else, led them to go to Kitty of the wind current. This in my N.C., the nearest train station to Kitty opinion would be a fine place; our winds as soon as possible. Hawk Hawk. Wilbur left a few days later, are always steady, generally 10 to Budgeting expenses at no more than 20 in early September 1900. Orville was to ." miles velocity . . they would spend on a vacation, the per hour. follow after finishing up some business "Cap'n Billy" went on to extol the Wrights went to work. In weeks, two at the bike shop. Arriving in Elizabeth conveniences and hospitality they had built the craft. awaiting City, Wilbur picked up the crates and the brothers in Kitty then From ash they cut wooden ribs for the Hawk and supplies and looked around for a way AIR FORCE MUSEUM to get to Kitty Hawk. No one he spoke to had heard of it. Finally, he found a boatman who knew the place and agreed to take him and his crates in his flat-bottom schooner across Albemarle Sound to Kitty Hawk. It had taken Wilbur two days to travel nearly 800 miles from Dayton. With poor weather and an unseaworthy boat, it took him two more days to go the remaining 35 miles. He had nothing to eat on the way but a jar of jelly his sister had packed. Kitty Hawk never had any tourist facilities until the brothers made it fa- mous. Wilbur arranged to board at the Tate home for a few days while he set up camp—a 12-by- 12-foot tent half a mile away. He then turned to putting the glider together. He had just about finished the job when Orville arrived. three years before making a motorized flight. Taking turns at the controls, the brothers the other, with help of a local resident, ran with glider to propel it into the air. To this point, neither of the brothers THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 17 All! FORCE MUSEUM The heavier-than-air "Kitty Hawk" alights on beach following a successful test. After fourth flight, wind damage ended her career. CONTINUED AIR FORCE MUSEUM The First Flights At Kitty Hawk - 1903 DAYTON BOYS had ever flown a glider. They decided with more lifting power—one built to FLY AIRSHIP to operate it unmanned until they knew challenge the winds at Kitty Hawk. As more about it. They tugged the machine they had no more use for the glider they Machine Makes High Speed in the out onto an open stretch of beach. The asked "Cap'n Billy" if he had any. He Teeth of a Gale and Lands at wind was right but, in spite of all their didn't, but Mrs. Tate had. That winter the Point Selected. efforts, it would not lift off the sand the Tates' two daughters went off to more than a few feet. According to school in dresses made of the best French Lilienthal's calculations, a 17-to-21-mile- sateen. PROBLEM OF AERIAL NAVIGATION SOLVED an-hour wind would easily lift a wing- The brothers returned to Kitty Hawk span of 165 square feet. But a fjr strong- in July 1901 with the largest glider in Ascent Made at Isolated Spot on Caro- er wind was obviously needed. Where the world up to that time. It was nearly lina Coast, Where Wrights Ex.. had they gone wrong? Was the sateen double in size and weight of their first perimented for Three Years. too porous? Tests proved it was not. Had one. On their arrival, they were met by they erred or had Lilienthal? a severe storm, with winds that exceeded Maybe the glider would perform bet- 83 miles an hour. Seven days of rain gave ter with a man aboard and on the windi- way to oppressive humidity and a blazing Most papers were wary of flight news er, 80-foot sand dune that Tate had men- sun that helped spawn hordes of mosqui- but Dayton Evening Herald ran story. tioned. With Tate's help, they lugged toes and sand fleas. the glider four miles south to Kill Devil The Wrights were slapping at insects Hill, and decided to get on board. as they put up a frame shed near Kill Here, each of them managed to glide Devil Hill. The shed, 25 feet long, 16 feet three feet off the ground and were elated wide and seven feet high at the eaves, the Kill Devil Life Saving Station helped as they pulled at the wing-warping mech- had end doors hinged at the top which, slide it up the side of the sand dune. at anism with their feet and found it worked when opened, provided an awning Several times, with one helper each superbly. With this, they had their first against the sun. Here they assembled the outstretched lower wing to steady it. taste of conquering the air. On their first glider. and while Wilbur or Orville lay amid- ships, they the glider glider rides they'd controlled it a little! In Nearby they pitched a tent and sus- pushed and ran the Kitty Hawk weather station. Bureau pended mosquito netting. The insects about 20 feet down the slope and shoved Chief Dosher focused his spy glass on still drew blood. Orville later recalled it into the air. 3 1 Kill Devil Hill, shook his head, and went that on many nights he vowed that if The craft's best distance was 5 feet back to watching his instruments. he could just survive the mosquitoes un- in 19 seconds, but the brothers were dis- appointed. According to Lilienthal's cal- With October came dangerously til morning, he would pack and return to stronger winds and the Wrights packed Dayton. culations, the lift should have been three for home. Next year, they told Tate, On July 27, the glider was assembled. times what it was. Under ideal flying con- they would return with a bigger glider Tate and some Coast Guardsmen from (Continued on page 41) 18 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FE BRUARY 1969 WILL YOU HELP LIGHT THE TOMB OF THE UNKNOWNS? Please write check payable to AMERICAN LEGION GIFT TO THE NATION. Please use the address on the coupon below. GIFT TO THE NATION Do Not Send Cash American Legion Nat'l Hq. Through the Mails. PO Box 1055 Indianapolis, Ind. 46206 Amount Enclosed $ Here is my donation to our 50th Anniversary GIFT TO THE IF YOU HAVEN'T GIVEN NATION. I understand my name will be entered in the perma- nent Legion Archives, and that I will receive a postcard ac- knowledgement, stamped with a March 15 First Day of Issue Legion commemorative postage stamp (none after March 15, YET WILL YOU PLEASE 1969). NAME (Print so clearly that your name may be copied GIVE m OR MORE... into the Archives without chance of error.) ADDRESS. NOW? Legion Post (number and state). Auxiliary Unit (number and state). Sons of The American Legion Squadron (number and state) If more than one donor, attach name, address and Legion unit of others, and state amount of enclosure (not less than $1) to be crsditsd to 63ch THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 19 . WASHINGTON Opposing Views by Congressmen on The Question . PRO & CON > SHOULD PRESIDENTIAL POWER BE The U.S. Constitution wisely limits the Presidential If the Senate fulfills its power of selecting Supreme Court Justices. The full responsibilities of President is limited to selecting those nominees whom study and debate, no fur- he thinks the U.S. Senate will confirm. ther limitations on the The fact that this is no idle limitation was demon- President are needed. strated last fall by the U.S. Senate in regard to the However, the Senate has nomination for Chief Justice of the United States. In not always done so. It that particular case, a majority of those Senators might be worthwhile to whose views were officially placed on record refused consider a Constitutional even to allow the name proposed by the President to amendment such as a re- be placed in nomination before the Senate. quirement that candidates The President would have been wise to recall the have had at least five years Sen. precedent set in the case of John Rutledge, one of the service on the highest trial Strom Thurmond (R-S.C.) most distinguished citizens of South Carolina, who, in court in a state or on a 1795, failed to win Senate confirmation as Chief court with appellate jurisdiction. This would limit Justice of the United States. Rutledge was well known membership on the Supreme Court to experienced as an able lawyer, a patriot of the Revolution, a leading judges, and prevent purely political appointments. Member of Congress and a wise judge. Nevertheless, Presidents also would use more care in selection if his indiscreet criticisms of policy put him into disfavor. a Constitutional amendment required reconfirmation I would like to be able to say that my countryman of all federal judges every eight or ten years. John Rutledge had suffered an injustice. However, the The Constitution, instead of setting forth rigid Senate was simply withholding its advise and consent. guidelines, sets up dynamic limitations upon Presi- In short, the Senate was exercising one of the strongest dential power. Both the President and the Senate share limitations on Presidential power. in the appointment process. Once a Justice is ap- There are some people who believe that the Senate pointed, he is supposed to be independent of both the should approve any qualified nomination sent up by Executive and the Legislative branches. It is not wise the President. If such were the Senate's duty, then the to leave such a decision to the President alone. provisions set forth in the Constitution would be mean- ingless. The Founding Fathers knew that the meaning of "qualified" varies widely in different contexts. It all depends upon whether the nominee represents political, philosophical or private interests, or some combination of all three. Mere technical competence is the least requirement. If you wish to let your Congressman or one of your Senators know how you feel on this big v 20 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 LIMITED IN SELECTING SUPREME COURT JUSTICES? EMPHATICALLY, NO! cisions, now, as in the past, criticize the Court as an Now, as in times past, institution, and sometimes, unfortunately, assail also the Supreme Court has the members of the Court. Many of the attacks are stood for individual liberty erroneous or based on emotion, sometimes on preju- against the excesses of dice or politics, not on reason. government. The rights of Some of the critics also propose changes; for ex- free speech, free press, ample, justices who are now appointed for life (or habeas corpus and the until retirement) should have only a limited term, or right of every person to be subject to periodic Senate reconfirmation, or be equal privileges under the voted on for a short term. Similar suggestions have law and under the Con- been made before and always rejected. Not only stitution are made mean- would high-quality men decline to serve for such a Sen. Quentin N. Burdick ingful and protected by a limited term, but the independence of the Court would (D-N.D.) free and independent be destroyed by subservience to other branches of judiciary. government. Alexander Hamilton, a Founding Father writing for Recent, more subtle, suggested changes would limit the Federalist, said that an independent judiciary is a President's power to appoint justices and other "the best expedient which can be devised in any gov- federal judges to only those recommended by a com- ernment to secure a steady, upright, and impartial ad- mission consisting of lawyers and others. Such method ministration of the laws." The Constitution recognizes could inject bar association "politics" into the selection that government by rule of law requires judges who of justices, instead of leaving the responsibility where are absolutely independent, who can reach decisions it belongs, on a President elected by all the people, without fear of being called to account to another who appoints with the advise and consent of the United branch of government for an honest judgment, and States Senate. who are free to decide cases on the merits based on The present system is flexible, battle-tested and has law, the Constitution and their own God-given shown itself capable of providing men of highest wisdom. Recent history of Nazi Germany and Soviet qualification and caliber for the Court. Russia demonstrates that arbitrary uncontrolled rule of men rather than impartial rule of law has ex- tinguished liberty. Today, as in other periods of our history, our insti- tutions are being attacked. The Supreme Court has had to make many decisions involving controversial national matters. Many who disagree with those de- I have read in The American Legion Magazine for February the arguments in PRO & CON: Should Presi- dential Power Be Limited In Selecting Supreme Court Justices? IN MY OPINION PRESIDENTIAL POWER SHOULD BE LIMITED n SHOULD NOT BE LIMITED IN SELECTING SUPREME COURT JUSTICES. issue, fill out the "ballot" and mail it to him. SIGNED ADDRESS. TOWN STATE. You can address any Representative c/o U.S. House of Representatives, Wash- ington, D.C. 20515; any Senator c/o U.S. Senate, Washington, D.C. 20510. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 21 — A LEGION 50th ANNIVERSARY FEATURE HOW THE FIRST GI BILL WAS WRITTEN. Hearst newspapers assigned to turned from a conference at the Capitol (PART II) with Senator Bennett Champ Clark of work with the Legion s special GI is the second of two ar- Missouri, a founder of the Legion, and This Bill Committee in 1943-44. one of the GI Bill's staunchest advocates ticles on the exciting story of Today, the GI Bills have proved in Congress. the writing and passage of themselves beyond all measure. The Washington representatives of the WW2 GI Bill of Rights in Back then there was tremendous four smaller veterans organizations 1943-44. Last month's installment Omar B. Ketchum of the Veterans of support for the idea. But opposi- told how, in the midst of WW2, the Foreign Wars; Millard W. Rice of the tion also gathered rapidly after the Legion had drafted and was trying Disabled American Veterans; Frank original GI Bill was introduced in Haley of the Military Order of the to secure enactment of the then Congress early in January 1944. Purple Heart; and W. M. Floyd, National revolutionary GI Bill. It was the On Feb. 16, four other veterans or- Commander of the Regular Veterans first law in our history to help all Organization had sent a letter to every ganizations issued a joint, open — veterans get on their feet after a member of Congress, opposing the GI letter, opposing the GI Bill. This war. Bill. final installment picks up the story "Everything that glitters is not gold," Essentially, what follotvs is the at that point. they said. They had called upon Congress word-for-word eyewitness story that "not to be stampeded into hasty and the late David Camelon wrote for possibly unwise legislation." They at- this magazine in 1949. It has been held our council of war early tacked the proposed educational aids We that were to be by far the most beneficial somewhat edited and condensed— that afternoon of February 17. the Legion's part of the GI Bill, once it was passed. and in some places updated. In ad- 1944—the daily meeting of board of strategy on how to get the GI John Stelle was concerned. dition, some material edited out of Bill of Rights passed. "The letter is embarrassing to our Mr. Camelon s story in 1949 has John Stelle. ex-Illinois Governor and friends in the Congress," he said. "People been included here. Mr. Camelon chairman of The American Legion's don't know the relative strength of the teas one of three writers whom the special GI Bill Committee, had just re- ILLUSTRATED BY CHARLES WATERHOUSE 22 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • F BRUARY 1969 At Jacksonville airport, Rep. John Gibson races to plane for last lap of journey to reach Washington in time to save Gl Bill. A Wild Ride From Georgia various veterans organizations. (The VFW member brought us an internal Kearney of New York, who was both a fact was that the four smaller organiza- VFW memorandum to warn us of what Legionnaire and a Past National Com- tions claimed a combined membership of was going on. The memo urged VFW mander of the VFW, worked intimately 555,000—little more than a third of the state and local officers to ignore the GI with the Legion on the internal political Legion's membership.) Bill, calling it "spout and fizzle, fizzle and dilemmas the bill faced in Congress. As "The letter can't beat the GI Bill. But spout." Not only did individual VFW you'll see, in the end he tipped the Legion Senator Clark asked me to get those other members continue to support the Gl Bill off to what had to be done at the last min- organizations off his neck, if we can. and keep us advised, but Rep. Pat ute to save the whole bill from final They offer a wonderful excuse for some defeat. members of Congress to oppose the bill." But what Congress was hearing was John looked inquiringly at the other the VFW's top-level opposition to the members of his committee who were bill. present. They nodded. Something had to I was sure that the VFW leaders really be done. wanted to share the credit. In his in- "John," I said, "it would be difficult for ternal memo, VFW legislative director a Legionnaire to approach these other Ketchum had dwelt upon "prestige," organizations. But I'm an outsider. I "credit" and "the spotlight." know Omar Ketchum and Millard Rice. I went to Omar Ketchum's office, and If you want me to, I'll see what I can do." talked to him for more than an hour. At I was a Hearst correspondent reporting last he said: the Legion's fight to put over the GI Bill. "My legislative committee is in Wash- John nodded. ington. Let's talk to them." "Yes," he said. "Go ahead and try." We had lunch at the Ambassador Of the four opposing veterans organ- Hotel with the committee, headed by izations, the Veterans of Foreign Wars Past National VFW Commander Paul was the largest. It cannot be said today G. Wolman of Baltimore. They agreed Gibson leaves plane after nightlong trip that the members generally agreed to cooperate if the Legion would meet VFW from his Georgia home. His vote broke with their leadership. That same day a House deadlock, assured bill's passage. with them. (Turn to next page) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 23 CONTINUED erans. We would have more than 16 mil- lion veterans to discharge. On the day of How the First GI Bill was written discharge they would all be unemployed. For longer or shorter periods, if they had " 1 helped to arrange a meeting at the appropriately described as 'ominous.' no income, the nation would lose the Statler Hotel between Stelle's committee He bitterly attacked the unemploy- buying power of 16 million people. In and the VVolman group. The VFW agreed ment compensation provisions of the bill, this were the seeds of a postwar reces- formally to support the bill, and Wolman which were soon to benefit over eight sion that would reflect back from mer- said: million veterans, saying: chants who were not selling to out-of- "I think that, in uniting the forces of "The lazy and 'chisely' types of veter- work veterans, to manufacturers and these two great organizations, we have ans would get the most benefits, whereas farmers faced with layoffs because, for made history here." the resourceful, industrious and con- varying lengths of time, 16 million of the A few suggestions were made by the scientious veterans would get the least country's adults would lack funds to buy the VFW, and accepted by Legion. Chief benefits, if any." their minimum needs. among them was the insertion of the fig- We read that sentence with amaze- The later complete proof of this was ure $500,000,000 in that section of the not yet visible. In 1944 the logic of 52-20 ment. We didn't know it would soon bill authorizing the Veterans Administra- a felt that haunt us from other sources as well. The made not dent in those who tion to proceed with an adequate hos- the servicemen were by nature heroes GI Bill provided $20 a week for a maxi- pitalization program. overseas but bums at home. mum of 52 weeks in unemployment ben- The Legion had avoided any specific Harry Colmery, of the Legion's GI efits for any veteran of WW2 who, while figure when the GI Bill was drafted. It Bill Committee, warned, in effect, that looking for work, couldn't find it. sought adequate hospitalization for the the opposition might make bums of some The assumption of Rice and others WW2 battle casualties, at whatever cost, of them, by denying them a chance to was that too many WW2 veterans would without delay. get a fresh start. sit back on their rumps for a solid year Omar Ketchum went before the Sen- "These men will be a potent force for to draw the $20 a week before stirring ate and House Committees to voice sup- good or evil in the years to come," he themselves. port of the bill, although later he joshed said. "They can make our country, or The Legion felt that this benefit, which us in the closing days of the battle, when break it." earned the nickname "52-20," was abso- it seemed that the GI Bill of Rights might They would make America great, the lutely essential. It was confident that be lost. Legion knew, if they were not engulfed millions of veterans would use 52-20 for in disillusion, if the courage and confi- a few critical weeks before going to col- dence with which they went to war were lege or taking job-training, that many preserved on their return. Their need more would take advantage of their could not be sacrificed because a small rights to return to their former jobs im- minority might misuse the opportunities mediately. (And of course they did, in the GI Bill contained. more millions than anyone then guessed.) The opponents of the bill, on the other The Legion had not the slightest doubt hand, apparently thought only of the that some would, indeed, "take a rest" minority who might abuse it—magnify- on 52-20, by getting local authorities to ing the danger of abuse out of all pro- wink at the "you must be looking for portion. work" provision. It was even prepared to I, and others, tried to get Millard Rice debate that the men who had gone from to have the Disabled American Veterans Guadalcanal to Okinawa, from Nor- recede from the position he had taken, mandy to the heart of Germany, with no to no avail. His letter had its effect. It weekends or holidays, were entitled to furnished an excuse for those in Congress a rest. who were opposing enactment of the GI Legion's Acting war- But that wasn't the point. Francis M. Sullivan, Bill—or who wished to change or weaken time Nat'l Legislative Director, surround- The 52-20 provision was tailored to the benefits it provided. I doubt whether, ed by petitions endorsing GI Bill. see that the veteran who was out of a job without that encouragement, one of the and looking for work wouldn't be re- While the VFW withdrew its opposi- key members of Congress would have duced to beggardom the old, old story. tion. Millard Rice of the Disabled Ameri- — undertaken—as he later did—to de- can Veterans would not yield. On the Others could talk about the "lazy" and nounce the GI Bill of Rights on the floor 22nd, he addressed a new letter to Sen- "chiseling" veterans all they wanted, the of the House as "half-baked legislation." ator Walter F. George, chairman of the Legion focused on the man who was dis- Meanwhile, the bill was picking up Senate Finance Committee, renewing his charged, perhaps with a wife and chil- speed in the Senate, where Senator Ben- attack. dren, who wouldn't have the wherewithal nett Clark was rallying almost unani- "Your cautiousness in resisting the to buy bread until he found a job. (In the mous support for it. He, National Com- 'blitz' methods used by an ill-advised postwar housing shortage that followed, mander Atherton, John Stelle, and Sen- group in its attempt to put across the many of these were even without homes ator Scott W. Lucas, former National 'GI Bill of Rights' ... is indeed appre- for months, but 52-20 assured them of Judge Advocate of the Legion, had al- ciated by those—America's disabled war bread and milk.) With the help of Stan ready conferred with President Roose- veterans—whose future welfare would Rector, the 52-20 provisions had been velt at the White House. thereby very probably be unfavorably based on the soundest state unemploy- Bennett Clark helped the Legion to affected," he wrote. ment benefit laws then in existence. And come to an agreement with Senate lead- Senator George didn't want any such in the end the WW2 vets didn't use half ers in three important instances. "credit." He had co-sponsored the GI of their 52-20 entitlement, while a bare Senator Wagner of New York had Bill in the Senate and at no time "re- handful took the whole 52 weeks. Mil- introduced a bill covering veterans em- sisted" its passage. lions of them never used any of 52-20. ployment. The Senate Education Com- "This bill," Rice continued, "referred The Legion felt that 52-20 was as im- mittee, led by Chairman Elbert Thomas to as an Omnibus Bill, has been more portant for the country as for the vet- of Utah, and Robert La Follette of Wis- 24 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 . . Bennett Clark was the means of get- ting those names. The Legion's com- mittee worked with him—and one after- noon John Stelle came hurrying into AN OPEN LETTER TO: Legion headquarters, waving a copy of the bill, and crying: Senator Bennett C. Clark, Chairman, "By God, I got Alben Barkley, the Veterans' Sub-Committee to Senate Finance Committee, majority leader, to sign it in his own Senate Office Building, handwriting!" Washington, D. C. Fifty Senators were on the floor of the Dear Senator Clark: Senate when the bill came up for a vote. Everything that glitters is not necessarily gold! Senator Clark read the names of all the sponsors and other Senators later asked Pressure is being brought to bear on the Congress to — force immediate enactment of the so-called G-I Bill of Rights for that they be included. In the end, all but the returning service men and women of World Mar II, identified two members of the Senate endorsed the as S. 1617, with amendments, now before your Committee. bill. Committee and the Congress may be interested to •Your Senate unanimous. know that there is a serious question in the minds of some vet- Passage by the was eran groups as to whether this so-called G-I Bill of Rights, in There was jubilation at Legion head- its entirety, is a sound and equitable solution to the problems quarters after the Senate action. We were and needs of World War II veterans. Certain features of the bill, notably the Title on Educational Aid, are so broad in scope and sure that the House would act at once, potential cost, that its enactment would, in our opinion, probably and that within a matter of days, a week not only prevent any consideration of several other more equitable or two at the most, the GI Bill would propesals to solve such problems, but might also subsequently jeopardize the entire structure of veteran benefits and provoke finally be enacted into law. Economy Act another John Stelle was host that night at the Our nation's first responsibility should be to those who Embassy Room at the Statler for a vic- have suffered physical and/or mental handicap by reason of mili- tory dinner. It was a little premature. The tary or naval service. Any legislation which grants entitlement to four years of college training at government expense co any able- bill had not yet passed the House of Rep- bodied veteran who had ninety days service should be carefully resentatives. examined in the light of our tremendous war debt and the ability of the nation adequately to care for its war disabled. After the Senate passed it, John Rankin, chairman of the House veterans The undersigned representatives of national veteran organ- izations, embracing some 550,000 members, most of whom have had, or committee, promised swift consideration are having, combat service--many with combat disabilities urge your — and action on the bill in the House of Committee carefully to consider all proposals as to post-war veteran adjustments now before the Congress, and not to be stampeded into Representatives. Mr. Rankin himself was hasty and possibly unwise legislation. among those who now very openly op- Let us not have another example of "act in haste and repent posed veterans unemployment compen- in leisure". sation—or 52-20. But he did promise VETERANS OF FOREIGN WARS action. Yet the days dragged on, the weeks passed, and still the GI Bill of Rights was held up in the House World War Vet- MILITARY ORDER OF PURPLE HEART erans Committee. Finally, a month later. Legion Legis- lative Director Frank Sullivan sent a telegram to all Department Commanders of the Legion. "Delay has developed in the House World War Veterans Committee on re- An open letter to Congress from four veterans organizations seeking to block pas- porting out our GI Bill," it read. "Pro- sage of the bill. They were particularly opposed to bill's educational provisions. gram has been before it since January 1 1 You have done magnificent work, but would appreciate numerous telephone consin, ranking Republican member, had On March 13, 1944, Bennett Clark calls, telegrams or airmail letters to mem- reported its own version of veterans edu- introduced a new version of the bill. bers of House insisting committee cease cation; and Senators McFarland and There was no major change in its form delay and report bill without substantial Maybank had their own proposals in the or the benefits it offered. Harry Colmery change. House membership anxious to matter of home loans and education. had gone to work again to adapt his first act on it." It was necessary to win their approval draft to suit the ideas of those who had Sullivan's action had been precipitated to drop their separate versions and sup- made constructive contributions to it a disturbing development on the floor port the GI Bill of Rights, for all had im- and, in many instances, had improved it. by portant followings in the Senate. With The bill was approved by the Senate of the House. Representative Joseph W. the aid and leadership of Senator Clark, Finance Committee, March 17, by a Martin of Massachusetts, Republican chairman of the 1919 Paris caucus at unanimous vote. And, in an unprece- leader, had asked when the GI Bill would which the Legion was formed, various dented move, as a result of Bennett reach the floor. Majority Leader John unable to answer. members of the Legion's committee and Clark's work, it was called up in the McCormack had been rose, and staff—John Stelle, Bob Sisson, Sam Senate with a total of 81 Senators as Then Chairman Rankin Rorex, Frank Sullivan, Maurice Devine co-sponsors. said: (the Legion's Legislative Chairman) and Never in the history of the Senate had "This is the most far-reaching and others—had many meetings with those so many Senators given their names to a most explosive bill ever to reach Con- Senators. The Senators made valuable piece of pending legislation. The bill's gress. The committee is not going to be contributions to the bill, and all of them passage in the Senate was guaranteed be- stampeded into bringing out a half- ." became its active supporters. fore it reached the floor! baked bill. . . THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 25 CONTINUED Rankin's objections, something commit- tees seldom do. He apparently had been How the First GI Bill was written willing to sacrifice the whole bill rather than grant the new veterans unemploy- Substantial opposition had developed, paper that they were not giving much ment benefits. They voted and reported in particular, to the unemployment com- space to any one thing. out a version of the bill that incorporated pensation provisions. One committee But the new drive bore fruit. In Maine, all the fundamental principles for which member, opposing that section said: for instance, Legion Adjutant James the Legion fought. The House passed the "This bill provides unemployment Boyle had persuaded the Gannett chain GI Bill on May 18, 1944, by a vote of compensation which will not only cost of newspapers that paper shortage or no 387 to 0. We celebrated that night. five to six billion dollars, but will also paper shortage, space must be found to But a tough fight was still ahead of us. drive a wedge into the ranks of the men back the GI Bill. Now, in cities and in The bill, as the House passed it, dif- now in service. It will discriminate towns in every state, editors began to fered in some details from the Senate against the men who go right back to demand more complete coverage of the version of the measure. On May 21 it work." bill. And, as a result, the people were in- was sent to a joint 14-man Senate-House Thus, in the House Committee, the formed when it began to appear that the conference to iron out the differences. Disabled American Veterans' charge GI Bill was being stalled. Once again the Protracted meetings of the conferees that the unemployment compensation provisions would make loafers out of the veterans was raised again. Harry Colmery gave the Legion's reply to that: "The American Legion has not lost faith in the veterans." The Army Times, influential service publication, in an editorial demanded: "Don't you think it's time to quit stalling? The GI Bill of Rights has been in committee since January." The editorial pointed out that some members of Congress had said the bill should be rewritten to prevent "encour- agement of idleness through over-liberal unemployment compensation provi- sions." "What kind of people do you think are fighting and winning this war?" the Army Times asked. "The GI Bill of Rights is not charity. It merely provides a chance for service men and women to navigate under their own power. They have been taken from jobs, homes and futures to win a war. Certainly they de- serve a little assistance in making their readjustments." The Legion believed it should not re- treat from its stand. It prepared for a On June 22, 1944, President Roosevelt signed the bill into law before a group of new and final fight for the bill. National Congressmen and Legionnaires who had fought hard to get a GI Bill of Rights. It Commander Atherton had designated the was not an easy fight but, today, the bill has proved itself beyond all measure. Legion's birthday, March 15, as "national sign-up for petitions day" urging adop- Legion's Departments and Posts had followed. It was reported that they were tion of the bill. New petitions bearing gone to bat. deadlocked, that they could not come to more than a million names flooded the The National Executive Committee of an agreement, that the GI Bill of Rights Washington headquarters; and James P. the Legion met in Washington from April would be lost. It is an interesting com- Ringley and Larry Fenlon of Chicago did 26 to May 2, 1944, together with some ment that this can happen whenever a an outstanding job in producing them. thirty other national committees, com- bill is passed, even unanimously, in both So did Legionnaires across the land. missions and boards. Their presence gave Senate and House. If the two versions Jack Cejnar, the Legion's Public Rela- additional impetus to the demand for differ ever so slightly, the whole bill will tions Director, feared a letdown of pub- action. fail if a joint committee of the two houses lic interest in the protracted delay. He It was a difficult time for the Legion's fails to agree on every detail. wrote to key Legionnaires throughout the GI Bill Committee—and particularly for It was during those heartbreaking days country, calling on them to speak to their Harry Colmery. He spent many hours that Sam Rorex and I again met Omar local editors and ask these editors to with members of the House Committee, Ketchum, national legislative director of request full coverage on GI Bill develop- seeking compromises and agreements to the Veterans of Foreign Wars, at the ments from the news services—the As- induce them to report out the bill —and Capitol. The three of us got into a cab sociated Press, United Press and Inter- many sleepless nights preparing new, to ride back downtown. Ketchum said: national News Service. tentative drafts of some sections of the "What are you fellows doing up here? There was even trouble here. The war- bill. You aren't still talking GI Bill of Rights, time situation had rationed newsprint, Finally the House veterans committee are you? That's dead and forgotten!" and many newspapers could get so little members simply overrode Chairman (Continued on page 48) 26 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 " — DATELINE WASHINGTON GUIDE TO SAFER HIGHWAYS BOOM GLOOM GROWING MORE FOOD PEOPLE AND QUOTES The National Highway Safety Bureau has established a listing of highway s af e ty- s tandard s priorities for states SHAPING THE FUTURE and local communities seeking to make the most effective "The first responsibility of use of their limited funds. Surprisingly, driver licensing leadership is to gain mastery leads all the rest. Relatively low priorities were over events, and to shape the assigned to such traditional programs as car inspection future in the image of our and driver education, now under research to determine hopes." President Nixon. their efficacy. DOLLAR CONFIDENCE The federal bureau suggests that from 65% to 75% of available appropriations in fiscal 1969 be concentrated "If we are to be the true on its top seven critical areas, which, beside driver leader of the Free World, we licensing, include: traffic records, alcohol in relation must at all times protect the to highway safety, emergency medical service, motor soundness of our currency." vehicle registration, police traffic services, identifi- Sec'y of the Treasury, David M. cation and surveillance of accident locations. Kennedy. Other priority activities include pedestrian safety; VIEW FROM OTHER SIDE motor vehicle inspection; driver education; traffic con- "Things in America are never trol devices; debris hazard control and cleanup; high- as ugly as you fear, nor as way design, construction and maintenance, and traffic lovely as you hope." Italian courts, codes and laws. author Luigi Barzini. The coming of supersonic transport lanes , scheduled p A DANGER OF WAR around 1975, is due to bring a new kind of boom-and-bust "The great danger of war problem for technology-plagued Americans. A blue-ribbon seems to me not to lie in the panel of scientists has reported to the federal govern- deliberate of wicked ment that the commercial SST's may subject some 20 to 40 actions men but in the inability of million citizens to strong sonic booms, ranging from harassed men to manage events five to 50 times a day. that have run away with them." The booms , continuous streams of thunderclaps cutting a Henry A. Kissinger, Presiden- 25-mile swath as the supersonic j ets break the sound barrier, may not only create "intolerable" or "unaccept- tial assistant for national secur- ity affairs. able 11 noise levels, the panel noted, but may bust up property amounting to some $80 million a year in damages. FOREIGN POLICY POSITION The scientists recommended that considerably more re- "If war is too serious to be search be carried out to constrain the sonic boom. The left to generals, the formula- panel also pointed up another SST threat: widespread tion, negotiation and imple- use of supersonic craft would fill the stratosphere with mentation of foreign policy is -large quantities of water vapor, perhaps upsetting too serious to be left to intel- weather patterns in the northern hemisphere. lectuals." Alastair Buchan, di- The collision between rising population and available rector of the Institute for Stra- food is very near in large parts of the "poor world, warns tegic Studies. Lord Snow, British statesman and scientist. But the FOR METRIC MEASUREMENT Agency for International Development (AID) sees a silver - "... I will confess that I am lining . an admirer of the inherent ra- Recent production performance— in agriculture particu- tionality and consistency of the l arly— is encouraging, AID says . A number of countries metric system, as compared India, Pakistan, Turkey and the Philippines among them with the tangled spaghetti of will close out the 1960*s with dramatic progress in our prevailing system of meas- growing more food, through outside and self-help. The urements." Sen. Claiborne Pell Philippines has ended a half century of dependency on (D-R.I.) rice imports ; Pakistan expects to be self-sufficient in food grains by 1970, and India can be self-sufficient COLLEGE-BRED CONSUMERS in wheat early in the 1970' s. ". . . it is the responsibility of Even with this progress, however, the world cannot the educational system to pre- feed an infinitely expanding population. That's why AID pare people to be consumers as now gives top priority to the population problem. In the well as producers." Dr. James past year, the United States provided family planning Mullen, Assoc. for Education in assistance to 25 countries. Journalism. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 27 - TEST YOUR MEDICAL I.Q. 1. Cough is an early symptom of lung cancer. A Quiz True? False? 2. Cancer of the prostate is a rapidly fatal dis- ease. Most patients die within six months of the time the diagnosis is made. True? False? 3. Most ulcers of the duodenum and stomach do not require surgical treatment. True? False? 4. If you gain weight when you quit smoking it might be advisable to resume smoking because excess weight is more detrimental to your heart than smoking is. True? False? 5. Recurrent cramps in the calves of the legs By WILLIAM A. NOLEN, M.D. which are caused by walking and disappear with rest are normal in people of 50 and older and What do you know about the dis- may be disregarded. eases which are most apt to True? False? threaten your life? How much of what you read in newspaper and medical 6. Most moles should be removed by surgery lest magazine articles impresses you suffi- they become malignant. ciently so that you retain what you have True? False? read? Do you know as much as you should know about heart disease — lung 7. The most common form of high blood pres- disease — kidney disease? sure (essential hypertension) occurs more often In the course of my work as a sur- in women than in men. geon I constantly find that men who True? False? think they are well informed medically just aren't. They have very hazy ideas 8. Blood in evacuations in adults is usually and some outright misinformation about caused by hemorrhoids. diseases with which they should be ac- True? False? quainted. It's not their fault. 9. Most chest pain is caused by heart or lung With a few prominent exceptions, pop- disease. ular medical writers tend to emphasize True? False? the new — the experimental — the irrele- vant. Fundamental information about 10. Blood in urine, even if it occurs only once, basic medical problems doesn't often calls for immediate evaluation by a doctor. fascinating reading. Consequently, make True? False? it's ignored. This quiz is designed not only to test 1 1 . Most cancers of the large bowel can be dis- but to inform. Scoring 10 for each right covered by digital examination. answer, if you score 100 or more of a True? False? possible 130 you are already medically knowledgeable. If you score less than 12. While regular non-strenuous exercise is ben- 100 perhaps reading the answers may fill eficial in people from 40 to 60 years old, violent in gaps in your medical background and, hopefully, help you avoid some potential exercise should be avoided. health problem in the future. True? False? 13. Swelling of the male breasts (gynecomastia) may be a sign of cirrhosis of the liver. True? False? Answers on Next Page 28 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 ANSWERS TO DR. NOLEN'S lungs. are to nerve 1 . False. Cough is not an early symptom They due minor or of lung cancer, and there are no early MEDICAL IQ TEST. muscle disturbances or are simply un- symptoms of it. That is why routine explainable. moles removed. But three classes of chest x-rays at yearly intervals are rec- moles should be removed. (1) Those that 10. True. Blood in urine should never be ommended for people over 40. Of every grow, deepen in color, bleed or ulcerate. taken lightly, even though it may come 100 patients with lung cancer, only 10 (2) Those subject to regular irritation — from minor injuries to the blood ves- are curable at the time they first visit by a belt, strap, or in shaving, etc. (3) sels of the urinary or related systems their physicians with symptoms. When a Moles on the palm of the hand, sole of that soon heal themselves. Too often it lung tumor is large enough to produce the foot, sex organs, or under a fingernail is the first sign of serious disease in kid- symptoms—cough, persistent hoarseness, or toenail. Malignant moles are not com- ney, bladder or (in men) the prostate. weight loss — it has frequently already mon. When they do occur they are usual- Even one episode calls for a thorough reached an advanced stage. ly in one of the three classes listed above. study of the urinary tract. This almost 2. False. Cancer of the prostate is not always includes x-rays' of the kidneys, 7. True. The commonest form of high quickly fatal at the usual time of diag- and, frequently, direct examination of blood pressure occurs in almost twice as nosis. It can be treated with surgery or the bladder and prostate gland by a many women as men. The popular im- hormones or both, usually with good re- urologist. pression to the contrary lies in the fact sults. Many men have lived ten to fifteen that the most severe form of the disease 11. True. More than half of all cancers years after diagnosis. Even the average is more often seen in men. of the rectum and large intestine are survival rate of three years is more pessi- There is now a wide variety of medi- within reach of the physician's examin- mistic than it sounds because many of cations available for treating high blood ing finger. For this reason, a rectal ex- the patients are already in their seven- pressure. Properly used, they are very amination should be part of any com- ties or eighties, when their death rate effective in preventing the complications plete physical examination in people from other causes is high. — strokes and heart disease — that un- over 40. If a physician does not do such 3. True. Fewer than one stomach ulcer controlled hypertension often causes. an examination, the patient ought to re- out of ten requires surgery. Most can be quest it. treated successfully with a medical re- 12. False. Violent physical exercise by gime. The patient himself is the key to those who get in shape for it seems to be the treatment. If he is lucky enough to good for most people, even in the 40 to be able to make himself more relaxed in 60 age group, unless there is individual all life situations, he will have gone a medical reason to avoid it. Recent long way toward a cure. Even failing studies have shown that men who regu- that, if he takes his medicine, watches larly engage in vigorous exercise (ten- his diet, avoids acid-forming stimulants nis, for instance, as opposed to golf) not such as coffee, alcohol and cigarettes, his only have significantly fewer heart at- usually disappear. ulcer will tacks than men of the same age who avoid hard exercise, but if they do have 4. False. You should not return to smok- a heart attack they have a much better ing if you gained weight when you quit. chance to survive it. Those past 40 must In the opinion of some, smoking is more dangerous to health than overweight. In work up to it slowly, and should have a any event no physician would recom- medical examination before "going in mend smoking for weight control. The training." They should tell the doctor they propose to step up their exercise excess weight is caused by overeating or taking such a underexercising. When one quits smok- when preliminary exami- 8. True. Blood in the evacuations of nation. ing, food tastes better, so there's a nat- adults is usually caused by hemorrhoids. ural temptation to eat more. And if his 13. True. Swelling of male breasts may Yet people with hemorrhoids should not he trans- smoking was a compulsion may indicate cirrhosis of the liver, which is assume that all rectal bleeding comes fer the compulsion to eating. A person most often associated with heavy or pro- from so innocent a cause, since tumors who has had the willpower to quit smok- longed drinking habits. The adrenal of the intestine—benign and malignant— ing should find it easier to control his glands in both men and women secrete also cause such bleeding. Danger lies in weight than his former smoking habit, the hormone estrogen, which produces, wait for the person who knows he bleeds and thus be rid of two recognized health among other things, breast enlargement. from hemorrhoids, hence avoids exam- hazards instead of swapping one for In men, the liver normally destroys most inations at least once a year for com- another. of the estrogen that is produced. panion causes. Proctoscopy and barium When the liver is not functioning properly the 5. False. Persistent cramps in the calves x-rays of the intestines are called for at hormone may accumulate in the blood when walking should not be ignored as regular intervals when there is rectal stream and cause a man's breasts to "normal for my age." They may be the bleeding. swell. Such a man should be examined first sign of blood vessel disease in the 9. False. Most chest pains are not caused for the condition of his liver. This does aorta (the main artery of the body) or in by heart or lung disease. It is surprising not mean that a man cannot have cir- arteries to the legs. New surgical pro- how common chest pain or soreness is. rhosis if his breasts are normal, nor does cedures may now afford relief from Many healthy adults experience vague it mean that all male breast swelling is these diseases, and the person who gets feelings of pain or distress in one or caused by cirrhosis. In fact, these cramps regularly should have a hormone both sides of the chest at frequent inter- prompt medical examination. tablets sometimes given to men for treat- vals. Most of the time these symptoms ment of disease of the prostate may cause 6. False. There's no need to have most are not related to diseases of heart or perfectly innocuous breast enlargement. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE FEBRUARY 1969 29 LIFE IN THE OUTDOORS Winter Hazards Vi ry low temperatures constitute a feet. Pain is considerable as circulation is serious threat to outdoorsmen, skaters restored. Smoking and drinking impair cir- and skiers, principally because they dress culation and hinder the healing. Gloves and incorrectly, according to authorities on earmuffs are preventives. As for your nose w inter survival. To keep comfortably warm, —be alert for that tingling. they wear the heaviest clothing possible. Snowblindness results from intense glare As a result they actually get too warm and and can be permanent. Don't take chances; then perspire. Thus the moisture-soaked always wear sunglasses. If none are avail- underwear produces discomfort followed by able, put strips of adhesive tape (from your chills and the wearer never can get warm first-aid kit) over the lenses of your regular again unless the clothing is changed. In ex- glasses so that you peep through a tiny slit tremely low temperatures, as in Alaska, this in each lens. Or put two similar slits in a sweating is invariably fatal. The right way handkerchief and wear it over your face. Hot socks by Lectra-Sox. is to dress in layers, and never wear so much Should you fall through thin ice, don't that you feel comfortably warm. Then you struggle; lie flat and inch along on your desired. Heating element is in the toe. Wash- won't perspire. When exercising, remove all elbows until you reach safety. a pre- As able and safe when wet; in standard sizes. outergarments and carry them; put them caution before crossing ice that is doubtful, Weight: 7 ozs. Price: less than $10. From: back on only while resting. Also, clothing carry a long light tree branch its center; by Timely Products, Fairfield, Conn. should be open at the neck and uncon- then, should you break through, its length stricted at the waist so that a slight air cir- on the adjacent ice will support you. After IN FROZEN-OVER shallow ponds, es- culation can evaporate any small perspira- immersion from whatever cause, build a pecially farm ponds, fish can suffocate be- tion that might occur. roaring fire immediately, strip, and dry out cause the water can't absorb oxygen from In intense cold, perspiring feet can result your clothing by hanging the pieces on the air. The remedy is your outboard motor. in what is termed chilblain, or immersion nearby tree limbs. it to a or foot, which is similar to frostbite. Boots Fasten dock improvised platform In an emergency, if you're dry and not and let it run periodically during the freeze- should be laced as loosely as practicable to sweating, there's a warm, comfortable spot allow circulation of air. anti-perspirant up. Turbulance from the prop will keep a An where you can rest, and even sleep safely applied to the feet also helps. socks, large surface area free of ice, say biologists. Cotton all night, regardless of how low the air worn over woolen ones, will per- absorb temperature tumbles. It's under the deep spiration that soaks through the wetproof BOTTLE CAPS, nailed rims upward to a snow! There it never gets colder than 32 piece of board then placed outside the door wool, leaving a dry layer next to the skin. degrees F. of your cabin or camper, will provide an Frostbite of the fingers, ears and nose first (For further information: Winter Camp- efficient scraper for removing clumped snow appears as a red spot that tingles; later it ing by Warwick Carpenter, published by or from the bottoms of your boots, becomes numb and gray frozen tissue. The Macmillan Co., New York, N.Y.) mud DON'T rub feet or frostbitten areas with we're informed by Jerry Wood of Asheville, snow or anything! Immerse them in luke- COLD FEET get warm fast with Lectra- N.C. warm water, if possible. Next best thing is Sox. Heat is provided by a flashlight battery body heat, such as your hand held over the which is carried in a pouch at the top of ICE-FISHING baits, in fact all still-fishing spot, or a warm blanket wrapped around the each sock and can be turned on or off as baits, should be fished about one foot from the bottom. To make sure of the right depth every time, first lower a sinker on the line, raise it to the proper height, then put a dab of fingernail polish on your line near the reel, suggests M. White of Florence, Ala. It will serve as a depth marker. WHEN PARKING your car at a campsite, always choose a high place, such as a knoll, instead of low ground, suggests Cmdr. E. Oliver, Schoolmaster's Post #391, Maple Heights, Ohio. Then, should it snow or rain heavily during the night or while you're in the woods, there's less chance that you'll get bogged down. And when parking for long periods, put a tarp over the engine to keep out moisture. A ZIPPER tip comes from James Lehman of Sullivan, 111. When zippers on jackets, gun cases, clothing, etc., get balky, just rub their edges with a bar of Ivory soap and they'll slide like new. The advantage of soap over oil, Vaseline, and most other lubricants is that it won't stain. If you have a helpful idea for this feature send it in. If we can use it we'll pay you $5.00. However, we cannot acknowledge, re- turn, or enter into correspondence concern- "... Now don't get mad just because you haven't caught anything ing contributions. Address: Outdoor Editor, The American Legion Magazine, 720 Fifth THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. 30 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 £6The things that the flag stands for were created by the experiences of a great people. Everything that it stands for was written by their lives. The flag is the embodi- ment, not of sentiment, but of history. It represents the experi- ences made by men and women, the experiences of those who do and live under that flag.^^ Wood row Wilson —— VETERANS A DIGEST OF EVENTS WHICH NEWSLETTER ARE OF PERSONAL INTEREST TO YOU FEBRUARY 1969 DISABLED VETS (65 AND OVER) RECEIVING VA SET TO PAY REGULAR DIVIDENDS ON COMPENSATION CAN SWITCH TO PENSION NSLI AND USGLI INSURANCE IN 1969: PAYMENTS IF IT IS TO THEIR BENEFIT: In January, "Newsletter" noted that There are disabled veterans now re- rumors of a special dividend on WW2 ceiving compensation who are ap- National Service Life Insurance were proaching the retirement age of 65 false . . . However, the VA will be . . . To some of them—under the 50% paying in 1969 regular dividends on disabled level — it is possible the VA certain government life insurance ension program might look more at- p policies . . . For WW2 veterans, over tractive, depending on their yearly four million of them, the NSLI divi- income . . . For instance, a vet dends will total $218 million with receiving service-connected war- 30% the average payment near $53 . . . time disability compensation ($65.00 About 185,000 WW1 vets with USGLI monthly) and earning less than $1,200 will get $18 million with the average annually might decide that an $84 payment about $97 . . . About 193,000 monthly pension is a better deal and veterans holding modified life insur- thus waive his compensation in order policies will also receive dividends to collect the higher amount . . . Not this year for the first time at an only can he do this, but if later average of about $11 each. events show that the compensation is a better situation, he can switch back ... In other words, he can elect MILK CARTON MANUFACTURER OFFERS the greater of two benefits . . . LEGION MESSAGES ON SIDE PANELS: The vet will not lose his hospitali- sation priority or other privileges The Pure-Pak Division of the Ex- . . . One informational note on the Cell-0 Corp. , a principal manufac- difference between compensation and turer and distributor of milk cartons,' pension . . . Compensation is earned has announced that it will once again as a result of service-incurred injury make the side panels on its cartons of Legion or disease . . . Pension is awarded available for the promotion mainly on the basis of wartime ser- messages . . . The panels feature the commemor- vice and need . . . Pension is re- Legion's 50th Anniversary ducible —depending on other income ation and also offer a choice of six . . . while compensation is not . . . Check other corollary messages Copy with your local Legion service officer and art material is now in the before making any changes. process of being made available to dairies and milk distributors through- DOD'S VIETNAM ERA VETERAN EMPLOYMENT out the U.S. who are served by REFERRAL PROGRAM NOW IN OPERATION: Pure-Pak . . . Posts wishing to participate in this project at the The Dep't of Defense now has in op- community level should get in touch eration an automated system (VEVERP with their local dairies, not Vietnam Era Veteran Employment Re- Pure-Pak. ferral program) whereby a Vietnam Era serviceman and veteran who meets certain eligibility requirements may REVISED AEROSPACE EDUCATION BOOKLET make a single application for civil- NOW AVAILABLE FROM THE LEGION: ian employment with federal defense or other agency installations any- The Legion's "National Aerospace where in the U.S. and have it re- Education Program" booklet is once ferred to the agency at the geogra- again available . . . Sponsored jointly phical location of his choice . . . by the Civil Air Patrol, the National Then if a suitable vacancy exists in Aerospace Education Council and the the area he selected which matches Legion, the recently revised version his skills and employment desires, he is designed to provide basic informa- will be contacted directly to ascer- tion for Legionnaires and posts in tain availability for employment . . . support of a strong aerospace educa- Interested veterans and servicemen tion program for the youth of America should contact the Civilian Person- . . . Copies of the booklet may be nel Office at the nearest Department had by writing The American Legion, of Defense Installation for informa- National Security Division, 1Q08 K tion and guidance. St. , N.W. , Washington, D.C. 20006. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 OF TH E AMERICAN LEGION NEWS AND VETERANS AFFAIRS FEBRUARY, 1 969 another but that the gains could be at- Legion Marks Its Fourth tributed to a number of reasons. One of these would be the old (but Year of Membership Gain true) cliche that nothing succeeds like success and success is catching. Thus momentum and enthusiasm feed on Figures show enrollments up 37,910 over 1967 as final themselves and where properly chan- tally for 1968 hits 2,623,112: first time nat'l mem- neled, result in membership increases. When a post's membership is growing bership broke 2,600,000 barrier since '63; quota- well, its influence widens to that new busting figures indicate 1969 may be even bigger. circle of contacts. The more members in a post, generally speaking, the more The American Legion rang up its membership. That post total was ex- programs it can successfully run. The fourth straight year of membership gain pected to reach above 1,700 when all more programs it has, the more valua- as 1968 national enrollments hit 2,623,- reports were in. ble it is to a community and the more 2 desire is to belong. post's 1 1 —the first time since WW2 that four In 1968, 37 departments surpassed the created A years of back-to-back membership in- their 1967 final membership and 39 de- standing in a community goes up in di- creases were put together, each one partments reached quota. Eighty-four rect proportion to its constructive ac- much greater than the previous. In ad- new posts were chartered, most of them tivities. dition, it was the first time since 1963 in new communities that developed as Nowhere is this better illustrated than that national enrollments broke the satellites near large population centers. in the departments that have aggres- 2,600,000 barrier. While there were 126 post charters can- sively promoted programs to assist men The 1968 gain over 1967 was 37,910. celled and the total number of posts and women in service and the recently As for the Golden Anniversary year dropped from 16,279 to 16,238, the discharged Vietnam era veterans. These of 1969, membership indicators at Na- amount of members gained from the departments show the greatest overall tional Headquarters already show that new posts is fully expected to more than gains for 1968 and the greatest increases this year promises to go even higher, offset the members lost from the can- in signing up returning war veterans. although it's much too soon to say how celled posts. About half of these were Some of them have all-Vietnam era vet- far. downtown posts and the other half were eran posts. They include Minnesota, In- The Early Bird turn-in on Oct. 15 of located in small rural areas where there diana, Pennsylvania, Kansas. Maryland 661,915 exceeded the goal of 526,721 is no longer a potential. Cancellation of and Ohio. All show a net gain of over by 135,194. The Veterans Day turn-in charters is regarded as a necessary proc- 2,000 members. These departments were of 1,411,830 exceeded that goal of ess, much like pruning a tree to promote followed very closely by Puerto Rico. 1,360,174 by 51,656 members as 38 of healthy growth. Arkansas, Connecticut, North Carolina, the Legion's 58 departments around the How to account for the dramatic en- Michigan, New Jersey, Texas, Kentucky world reported that 1,212 posts had al- rollment increases? Membership experts and New York. ready exceeded their previous year's at Nat'l Hq say one guess is as good as Maryland made the greatest gain, Legion To Hold Midwinter Conference in Washington Mar. 11-15 The 1969 Midwinter Conference States will be held in the grand ball- tion with this first day of issue, "Offi- will be held in Washington, D.C., room of the Sheraton Park Hotel on cial American Legion First Day March 11-15 to coincide with the the evening of March 15. Banquet- Covers" will be available for use with Legion's 50th Birthday Celebration. goers are scheduled to see an historic the stamp. Plans will be announced Housing and meetings will be held event when the Tomb of the Un- soon so that collectors may purchase at the Sheraton Park Hotel. About knowns in Arlington National Ceme- these items from Nat'l Headquarters. 700-1,000 Legion leaders from tery will be lighted at 9:00 p.m. from The National Security Commission around the nation are expected to at- the ballroom during a special cere- —which usually visits government in- tend the 46th Annual National Re- mony. Lighting for the Tomb was stallations as side trips to national habilitation Conference and other presented as a Gift to the Nation conferences and conventions—will meetings, some of which will include from The American Legion in com- visit the Goddard Space Flight Center sessions with government experts and memoration of its 50th year of serv- in Greenbelt, Md., during the meet- officials to discuss policies and mat- ice to community, state and nation. ing. ters of interest to the Legion and vet- (See page 19 for how you may con- On Mar. 14, commission members erans in general. tribute to the Legion's Gift to the will have a full day of briefings on On Mar. 13, Nat'l Cmdr William Nation.) The event will be carried America's space role and position C. Doyle will present the Legion's on closed circuit television so that along with panel discussions and 1969 Rehabilitation Program to the all may see. guest speakers. They will also tour the House Veterans Affairs Committee. Also on Mar. 15, the U.S. postage space installation, visit its space mu- The National Commander's Ban- stamp commemorating the Legion's seum and get a demonstration of the quet to the Congress of the United 50 years will go on sale. In connec- NASA communication network. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUAKY 1969 33 : NEWS coming in with 104.5 per cent of its pre- strate to them individually that we do following vious all-time high. Closely New Dep't Cmdr of Mexico have an unselfish service program; that were the Departments of the Philippines we honestly want to make it available to and Minnesota. This last department them with no strings attached and that racked up four continuous years of all- we do appreciate the sacrifices they have time highs and jumped solidly into the made. magic 100.000 group. "I want each of our posts to be the Membership experts expect the num- type of vehicle our young veterans will ber of all-time high departments to in- choose as their method of using their crease during the 1969 year. In addition talents, expressing their love of country, to those above, which are all expected and contributing to the solution of its to repeat their performances, Hawaii, problems," he concluded. South Carolina, Puerto Rico, Arizona Here are the upcoming membership and Kansas are in close pursuit with the target dates and the quotas assigned to possibility that Indiana and Connecticut them could also reach this plateau. • The quota for January 8 is 1,923,- Meet Larry Brooks, new Depart- Another reason to account for the Le- ment Commander of Mexico. 885. Expectations are that membership gion's newfound growth would be the Elected in October by his De- should run about 50,000 ahead of that. partment Executive enrollment of Vietnam era veterans. Committee, In 1968 it hit 1,925,927. Membership at Larry replaces Roland Kelly, Though it would honestly be impossible this date determines seating priority at resigned due to ill health. to state exactly how many of these re- the National Commander's Banquet to turning war veterans were joining the the Congress on March 15 during the Legion, it was evident their numbers for messages, soap and other sundry sup- Washington Midwinter Conference. were significant. Witness the striking in- plies. • The March 31 target, technically crease in new members between 1966 One department, Alabama, instituted called the Legion Birthday turn-in, is and 1967 which coincided with the a Family Honors Program, a means 2,368,000. This turn-in determines hous- membership year following the admit- whereby men and women of Alabama ing priorities at the National Convention tance of Vietnam era veterans to the who lost their lives in Vietnam are hon- in Atlanta during August. Legion. ored. The presentation consists of a for- • The May 1 goal is 2,454,954 mem- Even while the Legion was striving mal package made up for each of the bers. This turn-in determines parade po- to take on the look of youth by availing families of deceased service personnel, sition and national convention seating its services to Vietnam vets, it was paus- including a gold star flag, certificate of priorities in Atlanta. ing momentarily to celebrate its Golden appreciation, letters from the Depart- • The target for July 1 is the total Anniversary. This too generated a sense ment Commander, Auxiliary President, of all 1968 membership—2,623,112. of excitement and "belonging" in many Governor, Adjutant General, and the One of the Legion's auxiliary organi- posts as they reviewed their 50 years Director of the Veterans Affairs Depart- zations was also showing its membership of service to community, state and na- ment. The local post also includes a per- muscles. The Sons of the Legion, by tion. Though records are incomplete, sonalized letter with an offer to always Nov. 30, 1968, had already surpassed posts invariably are surprised—on look- be of service. its final 1967 enrollment total by garner- ing back—at the amount of projects they But, in all too many cases, when the ing 16,566 members, 349 more than the completed, the good deeds they've done Vietnam vet returned home, he was al- previous whole year. and the amount of money and time most a forgotten man. More often than In addition, as of Nov. 30, the SAL they've spent over the years in aid of not he slipped back into the routine of had 59 new charters to show for its ef- their communities. It was a record of civilian life virtually unknown, unless he forts. Leading detachments in the char- which they could be proud. had won some high-ranking medal for tering of SAL squadrons for 1968 were Another factor that helped add to the "heroism above and beyond the call of California with nine and Illinois with increase, according to National Mem- duty." five. Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ohio and bership Pennsylvania chartered Director J. Lloyd Wignall, "is And it was this very lack of recogni- each four new the desire of a great number of Ameri- tion that the Nat'l Commander referred SAL groups. cans to express their patriotism and the to, in pointing out new directions for To show it means business, the Legion selection of The American Legion as the Legion service: "These men do not pre- wasn't overlooking lady veterans either. vehicle to be used." With war veterans fer the lack of fanfare," he said. "From A resolution out of the fall National Ex- this manifests itself when they join the experience we know the appreciation ecutive Committee meeting called for Legion. With non-veterans it shows up that comes from just a little recognition. a change in membership recruitment lit- in erature to broaden its to the community-wide support of Le- When it doesn't come we see the cover- appeal female gion programs backing service inductees, up, the couldn't-care-less attitude and war veterans, the feeling being that the members of the military and returning the reluctance to become associated with distaff side may have been overlooked. veterans. a veteran's organization." Such support programs took the form Going on, he added: "We need not Legion Commercials Available of newspaper ads in local communities, ask that new veterans be contacted for Recordings of special American Le- providing travel kits, coffee and dough- the purpose of selling membership. In gion 50th Anniversary messages by lead- nuts, and most important, moral support fact, we must insist that this should not ing sports and entertainment figures have when inductees left for the service. be the purpose of our visit. If we per- been sent to more than 5,500 radio sta- While he was away they sent him form the service job which is our respon- tions around the U.S. items too numerous to count, such as sibility; if we are successful in establish- There are 20 different announce- paperback books, cookies, flags (state ing a friendly, personal contact with ments, each one minute long or less. and national), cigarettes, writing paper, them, membership for many will auto- They feature stars such as quarterbacks recording tapes, both musical and blank matically follow. But we must demon- Bart Starr and Johnny Unitas, trumpeter 34 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • F iRUARY 1969 NEWS Al Hirt, Ed Sullivan, Shirley Temple Post 130, Falls Church, Va., partici- Black, Mel Allen, Tommy Harmon, pated with a booth in a ceremony that actor Jimmy Stewart, Bing Crosby and included the dedication of a new com- Legion Nat'l Cmdr William C. Doyle, munity center building. Those attending among others. included Nat'l Executive Committeeman Stations can select any message they Sam Crawford, 10th District Cmdr wish to broadcast. It is suggested the re- Wayne Jorewicz, Post Cmdr Cecil cordings be used during station breaks Floyd, Virginia Gov. Mills E. Godwin, and at other appropriate times. Jr., Falls Church City Mayor Charles Legion posts are invited to contact M. Hailey, and PPCmdr Barney Lee. their local stations and request that Post 422, Flushing, N.Y., made its broadcasters use the transcriptions, if annual Community Holiday Parade a possible, in conjunction with the post 50th celebration with the help of New name and number. York's Mayor John Lindsay, who des- Additional copies are available for $1.00 each from The American Legion, Post 4, N.Y.: American Legion Week. National Public Relations Office, 1608 Jr. In the photo, Town Supervisor Mi- K St., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20006. chael Petito, right, presents the procla- mation, announcing American Legion Co-operation on the 50th Week and the celebration, to William 1—1 Moran, one of two remaining charter members of the post. Post Cmdr John SAFEWAY DiLillo looks on. Moran and the other charter member, Homer Cooley, were AMERICAN LIOIOM given merit awards for 50 years of service. Nat'l Cmdr William C. Doyle visited Maine and, in Augusta, was given a his- toric Maine Sea Food Chest and hon- orary citizenship in the Pine Tree State In Flushing, N.Y., they had rain. by Gov. Kenneth M. Curtis in observ- ignated busy Main St., Flushing, as ance of the 50th. In the photo, 1. to rt., William A. Leonard (the post name) A high-up Legion mention in Arkansas. Ave. Everybody cooperated except the weather man they had their first rain Post 32, Pine Bluff, Ark., has a 1st — in 27 days. (See photo.) Vice Cmdr who was in a position to aid Post 1039, Central Islip, N.Y., the Legion's 50th Anniversary promo- marked the occasion by presenting the tion. Glen Rowe is a Safeway Store man- Fire Dep't with a plaque for its dedica- ager and in the photo he shows what he tion and heroic service. In the photo. was able to do. The message endured for Post Cmdr Edward Thompson gives the a full week. One of the banks also plaque to Chief John Ferguson. PPCmdr helped, utilizing its moving sign under Joseph Keppler was the MC. Among the an outside clock to carry, for two weeks, guests were Suffolk County Cmdr Jack the slogan: "The American Legion is Stinsman and his wife and Dep't Assist- Observing 50 Years of Service." ant Adjutant Jim Heneghan. Nat'l Cmdr Doyle gets a Maine gift. are Governor Curtis, Dep't Cmdr Daniel E. Lambert, a member of the Legion's Nat'l Public Relations Commission, and Cmdr Doyle. The 50th Anniversary pro- gram in Maine is headed by Nat'l Vice Cmdr Maurice R. Parisien. Planned for the Educational TV Network in Maine is a series dealing with the aims and ob- jectives of the Legion. Legionnaire Gov- Post 259, Fla.: over 300 attend. ernor Curtis serves on the Dep't Mari- Despite storm warnings, over 300 at- time Committee. tended the celebration of Post 259, De- Seventy-seven 50-year members of Bary, Fla. In the photo, 1. to rt., are Post 135, Cresco, Iowa, were honored Committee Chmn Fred McLaren; two at the post's celebration. Navy Vietnam vets—Cmdr W. W. Sharp Post 97, Libby, Mont., celebrated with and Cmdr Francis Urbano, chaplain; a military ball at which members wore and Post Cmdr H. H. Guild. all, or any part still fitting, of their old Post 1039, N.Y.: Fire Dep't cited. Post 4, Oyster Bay, N.Y., has a spe- uniforms. Guest of honor was WW1 vet cial interest in the 50th: it is the Quen- Russell Whitefield, a 50-year Legion- A salute from the Elks to the Legion tin Roosevelt Post and was chartered in naire and Post Historian. Russell had no involved members of Post 32, Safford, France in 1919 by Theodore Roosevelt, problem suiting up. Ariz. In the photo, Lemar Bellman, left, THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 35 NEWS and kill one of the prisoners. Another was wounded by Deputy Sheriff Singer. Post 1, Reno Nevada, gave a certifi- cate of achievement to Police Chief Elmer Briscoe (left in photo) for out- standing service above and beyond the call of duty. Dep't Cmdr Charles Lang, A new flag for a new police station tions Ptl. George Cox of the 69th Pre- Post 32, Ark.: salute from the Elks cinct; Post Cmdr Mario Albenga; Mrs. presents flag to 5th District Cmdr Don Veronica Crichton, Unit President; Capt. Hughes. Looking on is Charles Layton, James McGoey, the 69th's Commanding Safford Elks Exalted Ruler. All three Officer; and Rev. John Cornelias, of St. are Elks and Legionnaires. Albans Episcopal Church. Post 183, Parkville, Md., celebrated with a banquet, honoring vets of five Legion's Vietnam Programs wars and giving a big hand to 90-year- old Gus Rassa, Spanish-American War vet. In the photo are, I. to rt.: Leonard Brookhart (Vietnam); Post Cmdr Joe O'Donnell; Rassa; Gene Davis; and PPCmdr Joe Gummer (Korea). mm* Post 1 honors Reno, Nevada, chief. of Las Vegas (right), cited Briscoe for * ...J\.. \ combating circumstances "which, if ig- nored, could have resulted in disruption". - . . . and with enforcing the "self-evident : fp moral attitudes which are those of the majority (of city residents)." Police have consistently broken up gatherings of Post 183, Md., honors an old-timer youths who, among other things, were Post 291, Texas: packages for Vietnam L & 0: Tragedy and Awards suspected of using or possessing mari- Post 291, San Leon, Texas, encour- At the Area Conference for the First juana and other narcotics. ages its members and townspeople to and Ninth Districts of the Dep't of New Capt. Peter Uberto, of the Wayne, send food packages and varied articles York, held at Post 136, Mount Kisco, N.J,. Police Dep't., got a testimonial din- to the boys in Vietnam. In the photo, awards were made to Joseph Singer, of ner and certificate of achievement for which shows some attractive packaging, the Westchester County Sheriff's office, his many years of service to the Police indeed, are Post Cmdr Wayne Dodson, Athletic League. The award was given Miss Sandra Mayeaux, daughter of L. H. by Post 174. Captain Uberto was a Mayeaux, and Post Activities Chmn founder and is a charter member of the Charles Langford. P.A.L. Dep't Cmdr Jack W. Kuepfer Post 1941 and Post 41, both of La- made the presentation. In the photo, 1. Grange, 111., joined to satisfy the request to rt., are Pat Ryan, Child Welfare Chairman; Post Cmdr Paul Florida; Captain Uberto; Dep't Cmdr Kuepfer; and PVC Hap Hammond. Mount Kisco, N.Y.: tragic recognition and posthumously to his colleague, Wil- liam J. Fitzgerald, killed in the line of duty. The latter's brother, Maurice, ac- cepted the award. In the photo, 1. to rt., are Michael J. Kogutek, Dep't Cmdr; Jack Hoy, former Sheriff of Westchester County; Joseph Singer; and Maurice Fitzgerald. While Singer and William Fitzgerald N.J. chief cited for P.A.L. activities. were returning prisoners from Auburn Two Illinois posts: toys to Saigon Prison to the White Plains Court House, A new police station in Canarsie one of the prisoners attacked Deputy (Brooklyn), N.Y., was given a new of Vietnam GIs to send toys to Saigon Sheriff Fitzgerald and killed him. Fitz- American flag by Unit and Post 573. In for Christmas. In the photo at left, are gerald had a chance to draw his weapon the photo, 1. to rt., are Community Rela- Post 1941 Cmdr William Seiler and 36 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 NEWS Post 41 Cmdr Kerr McQuown. The Uni- Post 51, Dagupan City, feels that its will enjoy their first expense-free season, versity of Chicago Wives and Residents, most important project was the esta- thanks to Post 159, Boro Park. In the members of the club for wives of in- blishment of the Dagupan Youth Center photo, at right, H. Rosenfeld, SO, pre- ternes, together with children of the Uni- to combat juvenile delinquency and sents the first of a series of checks to versity Hospital made the toys available, criminality among the youth in this and total $1,600 from the post to Mrs. Agnes with the financial assistance of the neighboring towns. Quinn, bowling director for the Guild. Legion. The money will pay for all games BRIEFLY NOTED bowled by the children, plus trophies, In a ceremony held recently in the of- for a full year. At left are Mr. and Mrs. fice of the New York City Division of Frank Acquavella. He's the post liaison Veterans Affairs, there was presented to officer to the Guild. the Federation of Belgian War Veterans a torch and a plaque commemorating the 50th Anniversary of dedicated friendship between the veterans of New York City and the veterans of Brussels, Belgium. The torch and plaque were presented to A. Hellemans, vice consul of Belgium, and Peter Bloch, the FBWV secretary. The plaque was signed by New York Dep't Adjutant, Maurice Latin-American servicemen honored. Stember; Robert J. de Sanctis, director, A happier life for children An American flag, which had flown at New York City Division of Veterans Af- the White House, was presented by fairs; and Mr. Bloch. The plaque and The Agnes Hallinan Women's Post Chicago Alderman John Buchanan, the torch were flown to Belgium and 1671, of Cortland, N.Y., 21 years old, right in photo, to Post 1238 Cmdr Joe exhibited, with torches from other na- has 20 members, is active in many Le- Gutierrez, as 1st Div. Vice Cmdr John tions, in many appropriate places. gion programs and is always represented Mahoney looks on. The flag will be on in county offices and committees. It has display daily at the new Memorial erected in honor of the Latin-American servicemen from this South Chicago area who have fallen in Vietnam. Funds for the Memorial were raised by volun- tary contributions in this small commu- nity which has contributed over 35 young men to the Vietnam effort. Philippine Legion Action Post 4, Olongapo City, Dep't of the Philippines, in a ten-month period last year, gave a total of P40,798 (four pesos equal one dollar) to various community causes. In that period, the post has fur- Two N.Y. posts share new lighted sign. nished to the Philippine Nat'l Red Cross effected a happy arrangement with and to hospitals in the Islands a total of Nat'l Cmdr Bill Doyle (left) receives a bar- ometer from Ass't Chief Scout Executive Cortland City Post 489. The women's 675 blood donors, 681 bottles, and R.L Billington. An active Volunteer post holds its meetings in 489's post 242,650 cc's of whole blood, serving 261 Scouter for 38 years, Cmdr Doyle pledged home, and the two posts share a new patients. the Legion to increase its sponsorship of lighted sign. In the photo, 1. to rt., are Post Ermita, Manila, serves Scout units, now about 4,000 units. 5, vets Mrs. Elva Kaleva, Cmdr, Post 1671; through the efforts of Ernesto Deonaldo, POSTS IN ACTION Francis Williams, Post 489; Mrs. Betty Adjutant, and Tito Garcia, PR Officer. During the recent teachers strike in New Houghton, Adjutant, Post 1671; Ken "Atty. Deonaldo," writes Garcia, "reg- York City, the auditorium of Elmhurst- Tobin, Post 465, Homer, Cortland ularly broadcasts his informative com- Jackson Heights Post 298 resounded County Cmdr; Mrs. Marian Reniff, Fi- mentaries on all matters affecting vet- with unaccustomed sounds as teachers nance Officer, Post 1671; and Joseph erans benefits, problems, etc., either from Newtown H.S. talked about bio- Prezioso, Post 489, 6th District VC. under the PVA or the USVA, and others, logy, chemistry, mathematics and world every Saturday at 4 p.m. in the Greater history to more than 100 students. As a Post 1105, Newport, Me., during three Manila Area. This is rebroadcast all over community service, the post offered the years of endeavor, converted a swamp the Islands in the PBS Network from the use of its auditorium to NICE (New- into an attractive, well-equipped recre- North to the South on the Magtanong town Interim Committee for Educa- ation area and gave it to the town as a Po Kayo program, Station DZFM, 710 tion). Students were able to keep up with public picnic, boating and swimming on our radio dial, of which I happen to their studies and not lose any time. site. It took, says Post Cmdr Joseph be the regular daily announcer and pro- Tardy, about three years, 2.000 man gram director." In Brooklyn, N.Y., the Exceptional (Re- hours and $2,000 to turn the post- Post 45, Cubao, Quezon City, do- tarded) Children's Bowling League was owned property on Lake Sebasticook nated cash and foodstuffs to relieve the started eight years ago after a search for into a half-acre of restful fun land fur- distress caused by the eruption of Mayon an activity that was social, recreational nished with picnic tables and grills. The Volcano. and therapeutic. This year the bowlers post cleared, filled and graded the land THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 37 NEWS. and furnished the equipment, and is a ball field, and necessary lighting, for grateful for the aid offered by the town junior teams. In the photo, Post Cmdr Highway Dep't and the Nat'l Guard. Alvin Moss presents the check to Charles About 2,000 yards of fill and loam was Pond, Colonial Heights Director of Rec- put in. reation. Post 68, Hutchinson, Kansas, lighted its HOME PEOPLE IN THE NEWS Flame of Freedom atop a ten-foot post 'NNING Juan H> Cinlron Past Dep't of * * 1F.ST ' Cmdr at the war monument. Among those con- Puerto Rico (1950-51) and Nat'l Execu- ducting the service were Don Austin. tive Committeeman (1967-68), elected 7th District Finance Officer; Jack Jant- mayor of the city of Ponce. He is a zen, 7th District Cmdr; and Ed New- member of Ponce Post 56. man, Post 68 Cmdr. Post 90, Me., tells what the score is. William E. Galbraith, Immediate Past A new word-card game, "Word-Opsy," gram (supported financially by various Nat'l Cmdr, was the speaker as well as invented by Max Chabaud, is intriguing groups and individuals throughout the the recipient of the Distinguished Ser- patients in the U. S. Public Service Hos- state and elsewhere) to insure that local vice Award at the annual meeting of the pital, Carville, La. Chabaud gave 500 baseball fans always will know what the Native Sons and Daughters of Nebraska. sets to Post Cmdr Frazier Gentzler of score is. The photo shows the result. New Orleans Post 114, ticketed for hos- Dominic Bruno (left), Dep't Historian Clarence C. Horton, pitalized vets. Gentzler turned the first Chairman of the and Post 90 Adjutant, presents an AU- Nat'l 75 sets over to Post Cmdr Joe Martinez Legislative Commission, appointed American Baseball Electric Scoreboard of of Carville Post 188. Post 114 will dis- Mayor Gulf Shores, Ala., by the City to J. E. Cough, Administrative Assistant tribute the sets to hospitalized vets Council for a term of four years. to the Center Director, at throughout Louisiana. "Word-Opsy" VA Center, the opening of the local Legion baseball can be played with two or more players tournament. Post 90 will continue its and has complete instructions for playing projects dugouts are next. Charles F. Binger, of Copolis Beach, solitaire. — Wash., Past Dep't Cmdr (1961-62). A gift of $1,000 has been made by Post ACTIVE: Herman D. Devor, 56, of Greenville, 1781, N.Y., to the New York County Ohio, Past Dep't Cmdr (1958-59). Legion for the Legion Children's Camp. In the photo (1. to rt.) are PC Edward Schlotter; PPC G. Cancelliere; PPC A. Mrs. Wilma Stelle, 76, of McLeansboro, Smith, presenting the check to B. King, 111., widow of the late Past Nat'l Cmdr Nat'l Cmdr of Retreads and assistant John Stelle (1945-46). vice president and chairman of the Le- gion Children's Camp of New York Bernard Steiner, of Mechanicsburg, Pa., County; New York County Cmdr who served on numerous national com- P. assistant George Mast; and O'Brien, mittees and at the time of his death was Post 588, Brownville, N.Y., put up bill- to the president-in-operations, New boards at village entrances in a highly Sectional Director of the Legion's Ac- Assoc. York Racing successful post membership promotion. tivities Committee. Post 46, Union City, N.J., has given, Herbert M. Walker, 81, of Langhorne, thus far, eight cash grants to nurses to Pa., Past Dep't Cmdr (1952-53) and Past help complete their training in New Jer- Nat'l Vice Cmdr. sey hospitals—a total of $3,800 raised via Sunday afternoon Bingo. Funds raised are also used for hospitalized vets' George E. Denny, 76, of Middletown, welfare. Ohio, Past Dep't Cmdr (1927-28) and Nat'l Executive Committeeman in 1929- Post 284, Colonial Heights, Va., gave 32. Post 1781, N.Y.: Children's gift Camp the town $3,000 for the construction of Robert B. MeDougle, 75, of Parkers- Homer Tantlinger and his wife, Minnie, burg, W. Va., Past Dep't Cmdr (1926- of Grants Pass, Ore., Post and Unit 28, 27) and Nat'l Executive Committeeman have donated, over a period of three in 1927-34. months, $939 worth of items to the VA Domiciliary at Camp White. The items include magazines and things that Min- Eugene J. "Jep" Cadou, Sr., 72, United nie has made: afghans, wheel chair pil- Press political writer and regional execu- lows and bags, laundry bags, table tive, known as the dean of Hoosier po- scarves, and 109 dozen cookies and 28 litical writers. He spent 23 months with cakes. Since November 1960 the total the AEF in France during WW1. In the value has come to $6,250 with the ex- early 1920s he worked for Nat'l Hq of penditure of 5,061 hours of effort. the Legion and edited The American Legion Weekly. Post 90, Togus, Me., launched a pro- From Post 284, Va.: a new ball field. (Continued on following page) 38 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 — NEWS 313th Ammo Tn, 313th Trench Mortar Bat, Co 811th Tank Dest Bn— (Aug). James Ramey, John J. Dugan, 74, of Wilmington, Del., E— (Aug.) Barbara E. Bailey, 306 N. 4th St., 2005 Blairmore Ave., Lexington, Ky. 40500 Past Dep't Adjt. (1921-23), Past Nat'l Guthrie Center, Iowa 50115 818th Tank Dest Bn— (Aug.) Guy V. Wood, 6012 316th Inf— (Sept.) Edwin G. Cleeland, 6125 Kenwood Rd., Little Rock, Ark. 72207 of Vice Cmdr (1929-30) and member McCallum St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19144 863rd Ord HAM Co— (Aug.) Hans G. Ehlers. Harry M. the National Executive Committee in 317th Field Art'y Bn, Hq Bat— (Aug.) Gretna, Nebr. 68028 Smith, 55 Golf Rd., Springfield, 111. 62704 1620th MP (Camp McCoy, Wis., 1942-46)— 1930-34. Over the years he served on 319th Eng (WW1)— (Sept.) Ken S. Thomson, (July) Clifford F. Funk, 1233 St. Marys Ave., 267 Oakhurst PI., Menlo Park, Calif. 90425 Janesville, Wis. 53545 numerous national committees. He was 319th Field Sig Bn (WW1)— (Sept.) Elmer Lin- Evac Hosp 13— (Aug.) Leo J. Bellg. 808 Ash St., a general member of the Nat'l Distin- nert, 231 Washington St. E., Chagrin Falls, Toledo, Ohio 43611 Ohio 44022 Los Angeles MP— (Aug.) Norman Shue, 417 W. 1957- 328th Field Art'y (June) Leslie W. guished Guests Committee from (WW1)— Stevenson St., Gibsonburg, Ohio 43431 Reddaway, 306 E. Bishop Ave., Flint, Mich. Merrill's Marauders (5307th Comp Unit Prov) 65 and also in 1967-68. 48505 (Aug.) Thomas J. Martini, 520 Long Beach Inf, E. Pitsen- 329th Co H (WW1)— (Sept.) C. Rd., Island Park, N.Y. 11558 barger, 516 N. Center St., Versailles, Ohio Original 120 (Sept.) B. A. Keene, 19 OUTFIT REUNIONS 45380 (WW1)— 337th Eng GS Reg't, 1338th Eng Combat Gp— Sisson Ave., Hartford, Conn. 06106 Reunion will be held in month indicated. For Puget Art'y Reg'ts (Aug.) Walter L. Medding, 6010 Dinwiddie Sound Warriors, Coast particulars, write person whose address is (WWl)- (Sept.) Joe L. Brown, 2805 S. 50th St., Springfield, Va. 22150 given. St., Nebr. 68106 341st Eng, Co D (Aug.) Herman L. Ober- Omaha, Notices accepted on official form only. For — priller, 409 Heights Blvd., Houston, Tex. Topographic Eng (WW2)— (Aug.) James R. form send stamped, addressed return envelope 77007 Heyer, Box 308, Sumner, Iowa 50674 to O. R. Form, American Legion Magazine, 348th Eng— (Aug.) Ralph J. Amrine, 2618 E. 720 Fifth Ave., New York, N.Y. 10019. Notices 10th St., Anderson, Ind. 46012 should be received at least five months before NAVY 351st Eng GS Reg't, Hq & Serv Co— (Aug.) D. scheduled reunion. No written letter necessary 25th Special Seabees (Aug.) Clyde Sheppard, K. Johnson, 313 S. 26th Ave., Bellwood, 111. — to get form. 565 Thomas St. Ext., Kirwin Heights, 60104 Bridge- favored when volume of ville, Pa. 15017 Earliest submission 351st Inf, Hq Co— (Sept.) Frank P. Kirkland, requests is too great to print all. 503 N. Thornton St., Richmond, Mo. 64085 30th Seabees— (May)—Nat Kapelsohn, 107 S. 363rd Inf— (Apr.) Dave McCullough, 623 Capis- Munn Ave., Newark, N.J. 07106 ARMY trano Way, San Mateo, Calif. 94402 66th Seabees— (Aug.) John E. Chandler, Box 1st Cav Div— (Aug.) Alfred E. Stevens, P.O. 406th AAA Gun Bn & 367th Combat Eng— 603, McLemoresville, Tenn. 38235 Box 11201, Albuquerque, N. Mex. 87112 (July) Russell S. Beverley, 105 Viewmont 71st Seabees— (Aug.) Samuel A. Davis, Jr. 985 1st Special Brigade (WW2)—(June) Richard J. Ct. Rt. 7, Charlottesville, Va. 22901 Knollwood Dr., Dunedin, Fla. 33528 Ready, 84 Selwyn St., Roslindale, Mass. 02131 453rd AAA AW Bn— (Sept.) Peter Severhof, 87th Seabees— (Aug.) William C. Armstrong, 4th Cav— (Aug.) M. J. Loberg, Annandale, 3546 Camille, Toledo, Ohio 43614 124 Maple Terr., Pittsburgh, Pa. 15211 Minn. 55302 455th AAA AW Bn, Bat D (WW2)— (Aug.) Acorn Red 4 Medical (Halavo Beach, Solomon 5th Inf Reg't— (July) Robert T. Weston, P.O. Buford W. Devers, 405 Glengarry Dr., Nash- Is)— (Aug.) M. S. Nelson. Olivia, Minn. 56277 Box 4245, Portland, Maine 04101 ville, Tenn. 37217 Destroyer Sqdn 48 (USS Kidd, Chauncey, others)— 7th Arm'd Div— (Aug.) Irving Osias, 147-28 475th QM Truck Reg't, 3791st Co (& Black, Bullard, Erben, Abbott, Walker, Hale, Angola, 72nd Rd., Flushing, N.Y. 11367 (Aug.). Joe Clancy, P.O. Box 269, Stembel)— (Aug.) Harrold F. Monning, 310 Ind. 46703 21st Evac Hosp— (Aug.) John B. Sage, 846 N. E. 8th St., Kewanee, 111. 61443 476th AAA AW Ca (WW2)— (Aug.) Clemon K. Tuxedo St., Indianapolis, Ind. 46201 Great Lakes NT Sta Co 17 (1939)— (Aug.) Kilburn, 64382 Kenilworth Rd. 1, Lake- RR W. R. Powers, I.B.S.S.S.. Vinton, Iowa 52349 23rd Eng (WW1)— (Apr.) Herman Velick, 1501 ville, Ind. 46536 LST 225 (Officers (June) Stillwater Dr., Miami Beach, Fla. 33141. 513th Pcht Inf, Co G— (Aug.) William F. & Crew)— L. A. Pat Seaberg, 7401 S., 28th Div (WWl)— (June) George W. Styer, 202 Whipcs, Waterloo Rd., Ellicott City, Md. 21043 Humboldt Ave. Minneapolis, Minn. 55423 Ash St., Danville, Pa. 17821 605th AAA Gun Bn, Bat D— (Sept.) Clyde D. 31st Rwy Eng (WW1)— (Aug.) K. J. Nelson, Seaford, 1501 Moose Rd., Kannapolis, N.C. LST 1002— (July) Paul V. Harrington, 105 2521 3rd Ave. N., Great Falls, Mont. 59401 28081 Shawmut Ave., Marlboro, Mass. 01752 34th Eng— (Aug.) George Remple, 209 Lewis- 609th TD Bn— (Sept.) Don A. Vogt, P.O. Box LST Flotillas 7, 8, 15, 22 & 24 (SW Pacific, ton Rd., Dayton, Ohio 45429 142, Geneva, N.Y. 14456 WW2)— (Aug.) I. K. Stevenson, 2615 Bougain- 35th Div— (Sept.) Raymond G. Vaughn, P.O. 613th OBAM Bn— (Aug.) William Rice, 2010 villea St., Sarasota, Fla. 33579 Box 4022, Topeka, Kans. 66604 Country PI., Bethlehem, Pa. 18018 NYNM, 1st Bn— (Apr.) Charles Buschkamper, 35th Inf Reg't, Co F— (Aug.) Marshall F. Hart, 676th Medical Coll Co— (Aug.) Charles A. 273 Concord Rd., Yonkers, N.Y. 10710 163 W. Water St., Flemingsburg, Ky. 41041 Place, Sarepta Rd., Belvidere, N.J. 07823 USS Castine, USS Memphis, Marine Corps 40th Combat Eng (Aug.) Mrs. Del Byrnes, 697th Field Art'y Bn— (Aug.) J. W. Carey, Rt. Occup Force (Santo Domingo 1916) — (Aug.) — Bright. 1025 3073 Firestone Dr., Warren, Mich. 48092 3 Camelback Rd., Greenville, S.C. 29609 Sid Casa Calvo St., New Orleans, La. 70114 66th Div (WW2) (June) Arthur L. Gonder, 704th Tank Dest Bn, Co C— (July) Norman E. — 4919 202 North La., Clark, N.J. 07066 Macomber, 46 Leonard St., Portland, Maine USS Concord (CLIO)— (July) Bud Krebs, 04103 Swaps La., Louisville, Ky. 40216 83rd Div— (Aug.) Lawrence J. Redmond, 132 721st Rwy Oper Bn (July) Joseph J. Stapf, ( Rockwood Dr., Havertown, Pa. 19083 — USS Ganymede (AK104)— Aug.) Carl N. R D. 2, Nassau, N.Y. 12123 Boehler, 421 Walnut St., Anaconda, Mont. 88th Div— (Aug.) Jay O. Stradley, 37 Oriental 726th Rwy Oper Bn— (Aug.) Francis X. Cor- 59711 Ave., Pennsville, N.J. 08070 coran, 1523 N. Linder Ave., Chicago, 111. USS Inch (DE146)— (July) Roy Frank, 9 Bel- 95th Div— (Aug.) Theodore S. Nelson, P.O. Box 60651 nap Rd., Norwood, Mass. 02062 Chicago, 111 60690 1274, 741st Tank Bn, Co A— (Aug.) Walter Salsbery USS Pargo 264— (July) Lester Riley, Twin 100th Div— (Sept.) Leonard J. Mcllvaine, 2305 Middle Rd., Glenshaw, Pa. 15116 Lakes, Minn. 56089 Chestnut Ridge Rd., Glen Falls, N.Y. 12801 757th Eng— (Aug.) Mrs. Gladys Briscoe, 9410 USS Quincy— (June) Eugene Thomas, 19 Ards- 103rd Barrage Balloon Bn— (July) Joseph Bo- Mabelvale Pike, Little Rock. Ark. 72804 ley Rd., Binghamton, N.Y. 13904 rucki. 50 Hagen St., Buffalo, N.Y. 14211 USS Richard W. Suesens (DE342)— ( Aug.) Cal 120th Ord Co— (Aug.) Fletcher C. Rice, Cooks- Krause, 422 S. Dewey Ave., Jefferson, Wis. ville, 111. 61730 53549 123rd Field Art'y, Bat (Sept.) John A (WW1)— USS Shea (DM30)— (Sept.) E. F. Kane, 910 A. Brookens, Owaneco, 111. 62555 American Legion Life Insurance Blairs Ferry Rd., Marion, Iowa 52302 123rd Mach Gun Bn, Co D (WWl)— (Aug.) M. Month Ending Nov. 30, 1968 USS South Dakota (WWl crew)— (Apr.) C. Bishop, 718 N. Gilbert St., Danville, 111. >/2 Phillips, 824 Hoyt, Everett, 61832 Thomas W. Wash. Benefits paid Jan. 1-Nov. 30, 1968 $1,313,763 98201 128th Inf, Co A—(WW1)— (July) Henry C. Benefits paid since April 1958 6,596,675 Buelow, 331 Warren Ave., Reedsburg, Wis. Basic Units in force (number) 171,081 AIR 53959 New Applications approved since 132nd (Sept.) J. Gen Army Hosp— John Jan. 1, 1968 10,613 2nd Tp Carrier Sqdn— (Aug.) Russell C. Kop- Schoeph, 907 N. 18th Ave., Melrose Park, 111. New Applications rejected 1,843 plin, 3520 S. Logan Ave., Milwaukee, Wis. 60160 53207 144th Field Art'y (WW2)— (Aug.) G. M. Galla- American Legion Life Insurance is an official 12th Bomb Gp (WW2)— (June) H. R. Hakes. gher, Jr.. P.O. Box 537, Goleta, Calif. 93017 program of The American Legion, adopted by 2205 Primrose La., Rockford, 111. 61108 153rd Inf, Co M— (Aug.) William S. Hawkins, the National Executive Committee, 1958. It is 27th Aero Sqdn, 1st Pursuit Gp (WWl)— (June) Allison Ave., Tenn. 3262 Memphis, 38112 decreasing term insurance, issued on applica- —Walter S. Williams, 2219 Helen Ave., Vine- 166th AA Gun Bn, Bat C— (Aug.) Gerald F. tion to paid-up members of The American land, N.J. 08360 Fager, 1423 N. Baltimore, Derby, Kans. 67037 Legion subject to approval based on health and 43rd Air Service Sqdn (Aug.) Warren G. Wil- 168th Inf, (Aug.) — Co K— John H. Collinson, employment statement. Death benefits range liams, 200 Janney Ave., Muncie, Ind. 47304 911 St., Atlantic, Spruce Iowa 50022 from $11,500 (full unit up through age 29) in 71st Fighter Wing— (Aug.) Fred Zumfelde, 1001 168th Keg't Reg't (Apr.) John steps to termination of Hq Co & Band— decreasing with age Newdale Circle., Bryon, Ohio 43506 E. McGlothlen, 616 S. Cedar St., Jefferson, insurance at end of year in which 75th birth- 217th Aero Sqdn (WWl) (Sept.) W. J. Cain, Iowa 50129 day occurs. Quoted benefit includes 15% — 906 Massena Ave., Waukegan, 111. 60085 188th Field Art'y Bn, Service Bat— (July) Clar- "bonus" in excess of contract amount. For Earl Fisher, ence Putz, 1321 17th St., Bismarck, N. Dak. calendar year 1969 the 15% "across the board" 269th Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (Aug.) 58501 increase in benefits will continue to all partici- Box 73, Jesup, Iowa 50648 201st AAA Bn, Co B— (Aug.) Herbert G. Bian- pants in the group insurance plan. Available in 281st & 282nd Aero Sqdns (WWl)— (Sept.) Nor- chi, 53 Union St., Moosup, Conn. 06354 half and full units at a flat rate of $12 or $24 a bert B. Jenkins, 158 Hawthorn Dr., Paines- 203rd Coast Art'y AA— (Sept.) Stanley E. Bye, year on a calendar year basis, pro-rated during ville, Ohio 44077 1311 S. Maple St., Carthage, Mo. 64836 the first year at $1 or $2 a month for insurance 302nd Airdrome Sqdn— (Aug.) Charles L. 283rd Eng (C) Bn— (Aug.) W. E. Bostick, Jr., approved after January 1. Underwritten by two Browning, 802 Cherry St., Genoa, Ohio 43430 409 E. Cayuga St., Tampa, Fla. 33603 commercial life insurance companies. American 374th Aero Sqdn (WWl)— (May) Conrad Fri- 301st Sig Oper Bn— (Aug.) Max Becker, 5216 Legion Insurance Trust Fund is managed by day, 224 E. Oak Ave., Moorestown, N.J. 08057 Arbor St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19120 trustee operating under the laws of Missouri. 388th Bomb Gp (H)— (Aug.) Edward J. Hunt- 305th Ammo Tn (WW1)— (Sept.) Louis Gold- No other insurance may use the full words zinger, 863 Maple St., Perrysburg, Ohio berg, 1032 Parkview Dr., New Kensington, "American Legion." Administered by The 43551 Pa. 15068 American Legion Insurance Department, P.O. 445th Bomb Gp & 53rd Comp Sqdn— (July) 311th Ord Depot Co— (Sept.) Fred Ferguson, Box 5609, Chicago. Illinois 60680, to which Merlin M. Shaver, R. 2 Box 70, Marshall, Box 9127, Huntington, W. Va. 25704 write for more details. Mich. 49068 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 39 NEWS 451st Bomb Sqdn— ( Aug.) Dr. Millard J. Max W. Wille and George Wise (both 1968). Anthony G. Pignataro (1968), Post 459, North Foster. 258 E. 115th St., Chicago. 111. 60628 Post 959, Chicago, 111. Brunswick, N.J. 4ti.!id Aero Sqdn (WW1)- (Sept.) Bill Searrow. Robert E. Piatt (1959) and Charles S. Grimes William Whitbeck and Dr. Oscar Wilcox, Jr. Box 6. Goodland, Kans. 67735 and Charles J. Klepser (both 1968), Post 7, and Serafino Zito and Francis X. Dwyer (all Ind. 6.18th Aero Sqdn (WW1)— (July) Larry C. Huntington, 1967) , Post 42, Chatham, N.Y. Bauer. 710 Crest Ave. S., Clearwater, Fla. Robert T. Caine, (1968), Post 10, Marion, Ind. Milton Epstein and Joseph Frey and Edward 33516 George E. White and Vincent W. Youkey and Miller and M. Skiffington (all 1968), Post 179, 813th Aviation Eng Bn— (Aug. I Ed Swantaek. Walter C. Zurbriggen and William L. Zur- Brooklyn, N.Y. R ±2. Blissfield. Mich. 49228 briggen, Sr. (all 1968), Post 20, Crown Point. Harry L. Barber and Harry D. Rasey (both Combat Glider Pilots ( Frank J. Ind. (WW2)— Aug.) 1968) . Post 181, Randolph, N.Y. Moore. 5647 196th St.. Fresh Meadows, N.Y. Otto R. Gross (1967), Post 24, Columbus, Ind. John G. Millis (1968), Post 188, Liverpool, 11365 Joseph F. Colvin (1968), Post 25, Princeton, N.Y. P47 Fighter Pilots (WW2)— (May) Leonard R. Ind. John W. Schifferli (1968), Post 205, Ken- Godbold, 104 Rhoda Ave., Nesconset, N.Y. Myron Schroeder and Oscar M. Stockman more, N.Y. 11767 and Ray R. Weiler (all 1968), Post 94, Val- Ronald B. Lloyd (1968), Post 232, Clinton, paraiso. Ind. N.Y. MISCELLANEOUS Joseph Derrick (1967) and Fred J. Farr Norman Hayman and Hilton F. Johanson and (1968). Post 297, New Carlisle, Ind. Edwin McNally and Cornelius J. Mangan and Defenders American of Bataan & Corregidor Henrv C. Weber (1968). Post 346, Terre Haute. Hyman Mays (all 1968), Post 391, Brooklyn, (Southeastern Area) — (July) Reservations Ind. N.Y. Mgr., Stone Mountain Inn, Box 775, Stone Roy E. Anderson (1968). Post 9, Oelwein, Joseph Perrottet and Edwin C. Schenck and Mountain, Ga. 30083 Iowa. Giacoma Stella (all 1967), Post 419, East Hamp- CBI— (Aug.) Vail Resort Ass'n, Vail, Colo. 81657 Otto W. Reel (1968), Post 75, Maquoketa, ton, N.Y. Iowa. WVVI Vets— (Aug.) William Fix, Box 550 William C. Dietrich and Edward Habel and Gordon Williams (1962) and Howard Lub- Parkston, So. Dakota 57366 Lloyd B. Ling and Miles F. Ling (all 1968), bers (1963) and John Brockmeyer (1964), Post Post 468, Rochester, N.Y. 545, Lime Springs, Iowa. Leonard Saunders (1954) and Larry Leet Stanislaus Cote and Patrick D. LIFE MEMBERSHIPS Cyr and (1955) and Alfred Hayden (1956) and Charles Joseph F. Dube and George T. Flemming and Lyons (1960), Post 527, Hamburg, N.Y. The award of a life membership to a Legion- James Franck, Sr. (all 1967), Post 49, Van Albert Freund (1968), Post 694, Northport, naire by his Post is a testimonial by those who Buren, Maine. N.Y. best that Sr. know him he has served The Ameri- Warren W. Boulden, and Edward D. E. Joseph O. Lennon (1955) and J. Chris Marks can Legion well. Rollins Stichberry and Avery and Wallace Wil- (1962), Post 754, New York, N.Y. liams, Below are listed some of the previously un- Sr. (all 1968), Post 15, Elkton, Md. Victor L. Rose (1968), Post 907, Candor, N.Y. Vernon R. Gardner (1967), Post 139, Ayer, published life membership Post awards that P. Cooper and Mass. Leedes Boesse and Halley have been reported to the editors. They are Theodore H. Cowee and Maynard Goodermote arranged by States or Departments. John Raphael (1968), Post 280, Mattapoisett, Mass. (all 1968), Post 937, Berlin, N.Y. Michael Masone (1968), Post 1029, Island Berthart Darling (1968), Post 18. Bay City, Sigmund R. Sommers (1968), Post 20, Selma, Park, N.Y. Ala. Mich. Raymond A. Carney and John Evans, Jr. and Gilbert W. Melcher (1968), Post 44. Gulf Michael A. Yankovich (1968), Post 67, Lin- P. and Shores, Ala. coln Park, Mich. Lincoln C. Jones and Clarence Reid Ossie Williams (all 1968), Post 1068, New York, Robert G. Kasold and L. C. Leever and Fred- Ray Augustus (1938) and Walter Moore and N.Y. erick Luder and Thomas Maddock and Mathew Joseph J. Samonek and R. Carlton Starr (all Benjamin Schwartz (1968), Post 1112, New J. Makaus (all 1967), Post 1, Phoenix, Ariz. 1960), Post 282, Ypsilanti, Mich. Verne Hepker and Ysmael Manriquez and Harold Stecker (1963) and Fred Marchaterre York, N.Y. Charles F. Brandowitz (1968), Post 1158, New Bennie Mendoza and Bill Oberle (all (1965). Post 340, Hermansville, Mich. 1968), York, N.Y. Post 26, Mesa, Ariz. Bryce Landess (1968), Post 454, Co.on, Mich. Walter Kownoski and I. Albert Ranalli (both Verl W. Deckley and Albert J. Robinson Louie E. Christensen and Oscar G. Jacobson 1966) and Robert Roeschlaub (1968), Post 1276, (both 1968), Post 58, Phoenix, Ariz. (both 1968), Post 49, Pequot Lakes, Minn. Syracuse, N.Y. Henry Goehring and Adam Hieb and Pete D. Andrew E. Jacobson and Dr. F. L. Pearson R. Delanev (1968), Post 1619, West Kroencke and Peter J. McLaughlin and Charles (both 1968), Post 87, Alexandria, Minn. Harvey N.Y. Peirano (all 1968), Post 22, Lodi, Calif. Alphonse Aschenbrenner and John A. Clark Plattsburgh, Haywood Carroll and Camillous Powers and Ernest Foss and Jack Gazett and Maurice C. V. Ayres and Walter L. Dumas and James E. (all 1965), Post 147, (both 1968). Post 44, Monrovia, Calif. Marchand (all 1965), Post 473, Rice, Minn. M. Foust and Elza Lamb Maurice Gleason (1961) and Harold Whitman Garnie Peoples and Maceo Wilson (both Miami, Okla. (1969), Post 136, Salem, (1965) and James A. Lee (1967) and N. John 1968), Post 155, Hannibal, Mo. Glenn L. Harbaugh Nielsen (1968). Post 46, Culver City, Calif. Mordecai C. Chambers (1968), Post 558, Malta Ore. Daniel P. Mathers and Walter Neithercott Joseph H. Chillington (1968), Post 184. Re- Bend, Mo. M. Tressler, dondo Beach, Calif. Earl J. Nyhart and Ralph R. Rcdficld and and S. Keith Taylor and Thomas Jr. (all 1968), Post 10, Fort Washington, Pa. John A. Preston (1968), Post 271, Los An- Sidney Smith and George L. Utley and Earl Post 110, Freeport. geles. Calif. Woods (all 1968), Post 31, Twin Bridges, Mont. Albert J. McKee (1968), Pa. William I. Montgomery Garrett Lydecker and Harrison MacClat- (1968), Post 326, Long Leb- Beach. Calif. chey and H. Evan Mann and George Oliver and J. Earl Guthrie (1968). Post 156, Mount anon Township, Pa. Amos Good (1967) and A. G. Cooke and Sam Wilbur F. Osier, Jr. (all 1968), Post 1, Leonia, Bertsch and William W. Bieber B. Rickert (both 1968), Post 339, Ventura, Calif. N.J. Samuel S. (both 1960). Post 268, Muncy, Pa. Angelo I. Zanolli (1967) and Llovd E. Farrar Humbert Berardi (1942) and Jack Brucco- (1968), Post 359. Norwalk. Calif. lero (1966) and Prospero Altieri and Stefano Patrick L. Connelly and Walter L. Curtis and Evar T. Palmquist (1965) and Robert L. Alfano and Vincent Banda (all 1967), Post 191. Joseph Daniels and William R. Doyle, Sr. and Schwartz (1967). Post 398, Inglewood. Calif. Newark, N.J. Elbie Finley (all 1968), Post 481, Midland, Pa. E. Marcus C. Muskat (1968), Post 414, Los An- Vincent J. Kapschock (1967) and William geles. Calif. McCormick (1968), Post 960, Levittown, Pa. A. Ybarrola (1968), Post 531, Los Angeles, THE AMERICAN LEGION Andrew Flanagan and Peter J. Gough and Calif. NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS John E. Tatro, Sr. (all 1968), Post 2, West War- Walter M. Apperson (1951) J. wick, R.I. and C. Woods NOVEM BE R 30, 1968 (1960). Post 540, Novato, Calif. ASSETS E. Roy Stone, Jr. (1967), Post 3, Greenville, Walter J. Sprint and Alvin C. Wagner (both SC. 1967) and Henry G. Fisler (1968). Post 694. Cash on hand and on Deposit $ 2,682,222.16 Ralph Chambers and John R. Kirby and Marina, Calif. Receivable 145,957.60 Glen Taylor (all 1968), Post 13, Maryville, Frederick T. Lees and Jack Loler and Ronald Inventories 436,382.34 Tenn. P. Mac Lennan and Marshall W. Moore and Invested Funds 3,291,556.01 Claude R. Frazier and Fred Lapin and Otto J. Ross (all 1968), Post 735, Sepulveda, Trust Funds: J. Harry Pels (all 1968), Post 133, Temple, Tex. Calif. Overseas Graves Decoration Albert C. George and Raymond W. Thomp- Trust Fund 299.099.06 Paul B. Rodden (1968), Post 1, Denver, Colo. son (both 1968), Post 490, South Houston, Tex. Employees Retirement Anthony Arminio (1968), Post 89, East Haven, Foster I. Andrews and Elmer D. Campbell Conn. Trust Fund 4,331,135.55 4,630,534.61 and Kenneth A. Foster and Karl R. Manning Herman Gordon and Dr. James B. Parramore Real Estate 821,521.81 and Ernest W. Mercia (all 1969), Post 33, Mor- (both 1967). Post 28, Key West. Fla. Furniture & Fixtures, Less Depreciation 333,636.98 risville. Vt. Arthur J. Craig and Lee H. Kracke (both Deferred Charges 137,630.19 Harold C. Hislop (1967), Post 65. Swanton, 1967) and Franklin Chambers (1968). Post 129, $12,479,442.00 Vt. Jacksonville Beach, Fla. R. P. Pettewav (1968), Post 361, Richmond, W. J. Curtis (1968). Post 201, Alpharetta, Ga. LIABILITIES, DEFERRED REVENUE Va. Arthur Blomberg and Bert Hoogland and & NET WORTH Paul H. Goshorn and E. Roy LeFevre and Adolph Lindell (all 1968), Post 49, Chicago, 111. Current Liabilities $ 772,170.52 Patrick J. McGoye (all 1968). Post 52, Pied- Frank H. Clark and Everett Davis and Her- Funds Restricted as to use 114.831.61 mont, W. Va. man Kiehn and Alfred C. Rice, Sr. (all 1967), Deferred Income 3,215,256.16 Harry T. Krupski and Edward J. Wozniak Post 268, Chicago, 111. Trust Funds : (both 1968). Post 2, Milwaukee, Wis. Peter Berstonas and Stanley Danbar and Overseas Graves Decoration Edwin P. Schelberg and Edward Simonson Theodore Dauciunas and John Delnikis (all Trust Fund 299,099.06 and Ferdinand Sveen and George Tidquist (all 1968) . Post 271, Chicago, 111. Employees Retirement 1967) , Post 354, Ettrick, Wis. Bruno Belunski and John Ciszevvski and Trust Fund 4,331,435.55 4,630,53 4.61 Stanlislaus Gasiorowski and Theodore Janicki Net Worth : Life Memberships are accepted for publica- (all 1968), Post 419, Chicago, 111. Reserve Fund 553,809.84 tion only on an official form, which we provide. Edsel Riley and Charles F. Ruth and H. Ed- Restricted Fund 1.256,023.46 Reports received only from Commander, Ad- win Searby and Russell U. Stansfield (all 1967). Real Estate 821,521.81 jutant or Finance Officer of Post which awarded Post 423. Mount Carmel. 111. Reserve for Rehabilitation 320,929.59 the life membership. Jess Batley (1963) and Charles L. Batley Reserve for Child Welfare 113,715.59 They may get form by sending stamped, self- (1965'. Post 441, Bluffs, 111. Reserve for Convention .... 60,000.00 addressed return envelope to: Walter B. Tucker (1967) and J. Forrest Reserve for Publication... . 12,151.76 "L.M. Form, American Legion Magazine, 720 Adams and James F. Ballard and Levi Board 3,168,152.05 5th Ave., New York, N.Y." 10019. and Russell O. Coe (all 1968). Post 477. Chris- Unrestricted Capital 518,197.05 3,716,649.10 On a corner of the return envelope write the report. man, 111. 812,479,442.00 number of names you wish to No Edward J. Klein (1966), Post 746, Chicago, 111. written letter necessary to get forms. 40 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 _ THE FIRST FLIGHTS AT KITTY HAWK—1903 a wooden box, six feet long and 1 6 inches (Continued from page 18) square. The air, jetted in at one end, was controlled or "straightened" by a system ditions that summer, the most free flight problem of air pressures." They turned of pigeon holes. They attached the fan time they could total in a whole day was once again to Lilienthal's tables. They to a spindle, and a new measuring device a mere five minutes. Even the mosquitoes had followed them closely when they was fashioned from bicycle spokes and were doing better than that. constructed their gliders, yet they had old hacksaw blades. During the fall and Discouraged as never before, the failed. Incredible as the idea sounded, winter months, they measured the effects Wrights packed for home on Aug. 20. Lilienthal might be wrong. The only way of the power-driven air on more than 200 During the journey, Wilbur glumly told to find out would be to set down their types of wing surfaces; without doubt Orville, "Not within a thousand years own tables. It had taken Lilienthal five the most detailed study of aerodynamics will man ever fly." Mere gliding seemed years to complete his work. The Wrights done up to that time. Wilbur and Orville to pose too many problems. chose a more direct and more scientific meticulously copied their measure- The Wright brothers' association with approach. Crude as it was, they put to- ments—which hold true today—into aviation might have ended here, except gether a wind tunnel in their bicycle small black notebooks which were rare- for the encouragement of Chanute, who shop. ly ever after beyond their reach. No man had visited them that summer at Kill had successfully tested wings in a wind Devil Hill. He was certain the situation a cardboard box that had con- Using tunnel before, and the Wrights' tables was not as hopeless as the Wrights pic- tained laundry starch, Orville tore are the foundation of modern aerody- tured it. They had, after all, demon- off one of the ends and mounted a piece namics. strated once again that their wing-warp- of clear glass in the top through which he (The bicycle shop and the Wright ing mechanism was the world's best sta- could observe the reaction of a weather home are today on display at Greenfield bilizer. And, Chanute insisted, their vane he fashioned from a bicycle spoke. Village, Dearborn, Mich. The Kitty flight results were better than had ever A fan, driven by a one-cylinder, home- Hawk site is a national monument. The been attained before. He repeatedly made gasoline engine, blew air into the Wright brothers' camp there also has urged them to go on. box. As the air flowed in, he measured been rebuilt.) Within a month after returning from the effects on curved and flat surfaces the Kitty Hawk, the brothers decided to try simulating wings. The results were gross- By the end of August 1902. with again. While they were not sure they ly different from Lilienthal's. Wrights were back at Kitty Hawk ship would ever build another glider, accord- Convinced that they now held the key a new glider. In size and weight, the previous year, ing to their biographer, Fred C. Kelly: to the secret of manned, controlled flight, resembled the one of the ac- "Their curiosity, their passion for get- the Wrights built a more sophisticated except that the wings were curved calculations, not ting at truth, had now been too much wind tunnel which gave them more exact- cording to their own aroused for them to quit studying the ing measurements. The new tunnel was (Continued on page 42) AMOUNT OF INSURANCE, DETERMINED BY AGE OFFICIAL AMERICAN LEGION LIFE INSURANCE Age Basic Full Unit Total Coverage During 1969 Under 30 $10,000 $11,500.00 a Legionnaire, you can protect your family's well-being for as little as 7«* a As day 30-34 8,000 9,200.00 with Official American Legion Life Insurance. Just mail this application with a check 35-44 4,500 5,175.00 45-54 2,200 2,530.00 for $20 for a full unit of protection for the rest of 1969 (beginning March 1). That 55-59 1,200 1,380.00 comes to only $2 a month! Normally no medical is required. If your application is 60-64 800 920.00 65-69 500 575.00 not accepted, your $20 will be promptly refunded. (And now, provided you join the 70-74 330 379.50 plan before age 70, your coverage can stay in force through age 74.) 'After you sign up, your coverage gradually reduces. OFFICIAL APPLICATION for YEARLY RENEWABLE TERM LIFE INSURANCE for MEMBERS of THE AMERICAN LEGION AMERICAN PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS CHECK MUST ACCOMPANY THIS APPLICATION LEGION LIFE Full Name Birth Date INSURANCE PLAN Last First Middle Mo. Day Year Permanent Residence. IMPORTANT Street No. City State Name of Beneficiary .Relationship, If you reside in New Example: Print "Helen Louise Jones,' Not 'Mrs. H. L. Jones" York, North Carolina, Ohio, Texas, Wiscon- Membership Card No Year Post No._ .State. sin, Illinois, New Jer- I apply for a Full Unit of insurance at Annual Premium of $24.00 or a Half Unit at $12.00 sey or Puerto Rico, do The following representations shall form a basis for the Insurance Company's approval or rejection of this not use this form. application: Instead, write to 1. Present occupation?. Are you now actively working? American Legion Life Insurance Plan, P.O. Yes No If No, give reason. Box 5609, Chicago, 2. Have you been confined in a hospital within the last year? No Yes If Yes, give date, length of Illinois 60680. Appli- cations and benefits stay and cause vary slightly in some 3. Do you now have, or during the past five years have you had, heart disease, lung disease, cancer, diabetes areas. or any other serious illness? No Yes If Yes, give dates and details MAIL TO: I represent that, to the best of my knowledge, all statements and answers recorded on this application AMERICAN LEGION are true and complete. I agree that this application shall be a part of any insurance granted upon it under LIFE INSURANCE the policy. I authorize any physician or other person who has attended or examined me, or who may PLAN, attend or examine me, to disclose or to testify to any knowledge thus acquired. P. 0. BOX 5609, Dated. 19. Signature of Applicant. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS OCCIDENTAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF CALIFORNIA, Home Office: Los Angeles GMA-300-6 ED. 5-63 60680 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 41 — THE FIRST FLIGHTS AT KITTY HAWK- -1903 What's in a name? (Continued from page 41) If you have a name . . . you have a heritage Lilienthal's. They also added a vertical propeller, the "screws" turned in oppo- Coats of Arms are used today as a rear rudder whose design they altered site directions, which canceled the souvenir of the past. NOW authorize with more experience, and they brought gyroscopic action of each against the these dis- COVENTRY to personalize the wing-warping control wires forward other. tinctive gift and jewelry items for you so that they could be attached to the Altogether, the biplane flyer the and your loved ones. — operator's hip yoke. Wrights refused to call it an "aero- Personalized Coat of Arms Within a month they were flying their plane"—weighed more than 600 pounds. new glider. In lift, stability and control With the added weight of the operator Lends historical RS^bb^^^Vjwii.^ it exceeded their wildest dreams. Sev- (and the brothers weighed around 145 significance and an I. , i air of prestige to >-4p»f. eral glides were more than 600 feet long pounds each) the flyer would have to your family name. I and over a minute in duration. Most lift about 750 pounds off the ground. The hand-rubbed I ^IPISIBK % Walnut finish shield 1 xf¥ tr3*$« wtii. amazingly of all, flights could easily be The wingspan was a few inches over 40 is 9" x 7" with a / MIS If made into the face of stiff 30-mile-an- feet and each wing was 6V2 feet wide. magnificent and f ^^W^^gr* handsomely deep I *GB*Sam&. hour winds which, up to that time, only Six-foot struts separated them. The front sculptured coat of I ^$M&W5k arms done in rich \ ~WiizJi0xW an aeronaut bent upon suicide would elevator was set above the sled-like run- antiqued brass finish.Y ^BBMB^ > have attempted. ners which were 4 feet, 8 inches apart. The nameplate bears \^ y^jMT family name inscribed "All she needs now," said "Cap'n in antique English hand lettering below the Arms. Shipped Billy's" stepbrother, Dan, "is a coat of ready for hanging. Perfect for office, feathers to make her light and she will home, den, boat or as a treasured gift. stay in the air indefinitely." postage & handling. 9.95 plus 50c "All she needs," replied Orville, "is a motor and then watch her fly!" Introducing Personalized Returning to Dayton in late October, Coat of Arms Ring Wilbur and Orville immediately con- tacted more than a dozen automobile manufacturers, seeking one that would build an 8-horsepower engine to their specifications. The manufacturers re- plied that they were too busy building motor cars to help them. The Wrights had no choice but to make their own engine. With Charlie Taylor, their bicycle shop mechanic, In the tradition of aristocratic familes, we they came up with a 4-cylinder job that present our distinctive FAMILY COAT OF weighed 170 pounds and, much to the ARMS RING. Guaranteed to lend historical significance and prestige to your FAMILY brothers' amazement, developed be- NAME. Authentically reproduced, this im- tween 12 and 16 horsepower at 1200 pressive Ring is CUSTOM MADE and HAND CRAFTED, in either 24K Gold Plate or revolutions per minute. gleaming Sterling Silver. Your FAMILY NAME is emblazoned beneath deeply A Dayton tinsmith constructed the "Hoisted, your suggestion will save this etched Coat of Arms. Oval Crest measures company thousands of dollars and the 1" gasoline tank. It was a tube one foot long high. board would like to know why you didn't An impressive addition to any Man's Ward- and three inches in diameter, and held robe. Handsomely Gift-Boxed — Regular think of it years ago." the Wrights priced at 69.95 and more— NOW, holiday half a gallon of gas, which THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE priced at QR estimated would be good for about 18 O / .30 post paid miles of flight. Specify Ring Size (or we'll send sizer) and minutes, or up to ten A wooden monorail, 60 feet long and Color. If Diners Club. American Express Give number. The engine was mounted on the smoothed over with a thin strip of metal lower wing of the glider, just right of was their "take-off strip." The Wrights Framed Coat of Arms center. Left of center, they designed an dubbed it The Junction Railroad. They operator's cradle, with levers in easy rigged a wheeled dolly on which the reach for tugging at the wing-warping plane would ride the monorail until it wires. took off. The monorail was level. If the flyer got in the air it woLild be under Wilbur and Orville then turned to its own power. the design and construction of the On September 23, 1903, the brothers propellers, or "screws," as they called left for Kitty Hawk. They were met by them. Perhaps more than at any other another fierce storm that tore their shed ENGRAVINGS time during their work, the brothers ar- from its foundations. Just as they com- The beauty of the age old gold leaf tech- gued over the correct diameter, pitch and pleted repairs, another gale hit and nique is employed in this 12 x 10 clas- sically black framed Engraving on Parch- total surface of the propellers. Orville threatened to peel the roof off before ment. Coat of Arms Shield is reproduced later recalled that "after an hour or so of Orville, fighting the wind, could climb in Full color. The Family Name is in- scribed in Olde English hand lettering heated argument, we would discover that to it and pound in more nails. below Arms. White colored matting ac- cents the beauty of this distinctive addi- we were as far from agreement as when Now came seemingly endless mechani- tion for home or office. we started, but that each had changed to cal problems. A propeller shaft broke original position." and had to be sent back to Dayton for Only 14.95 P |us 50 postage the other's last they produced a pair of two- repair. Chain guides bent under stress. catalog. 25c post. & handling. At bladed, wooden propellers, each making The wood struts cracked. Chanute arrived to help them, but an early Coventry Dept. AL269 305 revolutions per minute to produce in October thrust. By forming a winter was setting in and the biting cold 1164 Hempstead Tpke. 100 pounds of figure eight with one of the chains lead- forced the elderly man to return home Uniondale, N.Y. 11553 I ing from the engine's drive shaft to the {Continued on page 44) 42 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 LIVE LONGER AND BETTER In The Healthiest, Sunniest Climate In All America — Deming, New Mexico! Your Own Ranchette $ Only 299 $ Only 5 a Month! Do you know people who wake up to sunshine 355 days out of each Deming is like going back to the warmth of one's own family. But don't year . . . people who don't know what it is to be oppressed by humid overlook the very practical benefits of living anywhere near Deming. heat in the the summer or by cold clutch of winter damp? Do you know HUNTING AND FISHING—What are you after? Deer, antelope, wild people who can say that in their State the rate of cancer and heart turkey? Or maybe bear, mountain lion? Well, you can get deer, quail disease is half of what the Nation as a whole faces? Do you know peo- and big jack-rabbits right in your own backyard, in the Floridas. For ple to whom a suntan is a year 'round commonplace, who work and really big game, and great fishing, try the Gila National Forest 60 miles play in a climate called healthiest? America's We know such people. directly north. Almost 2,000,000 acres set aside for camping, hunting They live in New Mexico. and fishing. And just 65 miles northeast is the beginning of the mighty in the There isn't a state entire Union that gets more sunshine than Caballo Dam-Elephant Butte Reservoir, the second largest man-made New Mexico . . . not California, not Florida, not Arizona, not even lake in the United States where you can rent a boat, fish, swim or go Hawaii. isn't earth the is There a place on where air purer, where body water skiing. health is more lavishly bestowed. No place where the words at the top INVESTMENT— More than 10,000 people have bought Ranchettes of this page-LIVE LONGER AND BETTER-fit more than they do in through site. New Mexico. the mail and on The new U.S. Interstate 10. is now being built with an interchange And in all of New Mexico itself it would be difficult to match the right in the heart of Deming. Consider other developments the climate and beauty of the region surrounding Deming. As spectacular such as new Retirement Home (now being constructed) and the new road being as the northern portion, but without the cold of winter. As dry and pure built from Palomas, Mexico (33 miles south of Deming) into the interior as over the border to Arizona, but not as hot in the summer. As of Mexico and you will agree with us that Deming has a tremendous strangely appealing as the desert yet fertile. And as actively vigorous future. and prosperous as the city you now live in (maybe more so) yet with- And the price of your Ranchette? Just $299 complete for a full half- out the fever, without the tension. acre and low monthly playments of $5. That's the complete price— no To live anywhere in New Mexico is to live better. The superb climate, extras, no interest! At this moment you may reserve as many half-acre naturally air-conditioned in the summer and brilliantly sunny in the sites as you wish but please bear this in mind: winter—the breath-taking beauty of a lavish Nature—the young vigor of DEMING RANCHETTES is not an enormous development and land such as this goes fast. At a state that is causing an unprecedented business and investment these prices, you may want your Ranchette to be larger— one, two- boom—the record which shows that one lives longer, that health im- even five acres. An immediate reservation will guarantee that your provement is almost miraculous—these are the reasons that tens of half-acres will adjoin each other (this is becoming increasingly difficult thousands of Americans already have come here to live, and hundreds because of the shortage of available lots). And you take no risk. Your of thousands of others will be following in the immediate years ahead. reservation does not obligate you. You have the unqualified right to Consider then: Here in the center of this miraculous climate and change your mind within 45 days after we send your Purchaser's Agree- beauty are towns which have grown amazingly in the last 10 years. ment, Property Owner's Kit, Maps and Photographs— 15 days to go Las Cruces, for example: In 1950 it had 12,000 people. By 1960, 37,000 through the portfolio, check our references, talk it over with the family. ... a rise of 300% in 10 years! (How about your town? Has it grown 3 If, during that time, you should change your mind, your reservation will times its size in 10 years?) Like Tucson and Phoenix, this area has the be cancelled and your deposit returned to you. Then you have an same desert allure, where the good fortune of pure air, pure drinking ADDITIONAL 30 DAYS AFTER you have made your first monthly pay- water and a salubrious climate permits lovely towns to flourish. Sta- ment to change your mind and request a full refund of every dollar you tistics show the same 85% of possible sunshine, summer and winter, have paid in. If this makes sense mail the coupon. of Phoenix and Tucson; these same figures reveal even purer, drier air. Beginning 3 1/2 miles from the flavorful town of Deming (population I 1 9000) are 14,000 acres of former ranches whose farthest boundary is SELECT WESTERN LANDS INC. DEPT. DP 688 20 miles from town. Spectacularly set off by the breathtaking Florida 108 No. Platinum, Deming, New Mexico 88030 Mountains, this land is so typical of the romance of the southwest that it has been photographed for the covers of many magazines including GentlementI wish to reserve the following site in Deming Ranchettes: the official publication of the State of New Mexico. What better way to Vi acre for $299. Only $5 a month. describe its Southwestern flavor than to tell you that when the pro- ducers of the movie THE TALL TEXAN sought an authentic locale for 1 acre for $598. Only $10 a month. their picture, they chose some of the very land we have sub-divided IV2 acres for $897. Only $10 a month. into the DEMING RANCHETTES. THE TALL TEXAN was filmed on our 2 acres for $1196. Only $15 a month. ranch, the same place where you may have a Ranchette or your very own. In this lovely basin every DEMING RANCHETTE fronts graded Please rush complete details, including my Purchaser's Agreement, Property earth roads already dedicated to Luna County in widths of 50 and 80 Owner's Kit, Maps, Photographs and all data. It is strictly understood that I feet. Every Ranchette has direct access to avenues leading to three may change my mind for any reason within 45 days after I receive my port- major highways— U.S. Highways 80, 70 and State Highway 11. folio. DEMING is blessed with water which is called "America's finest drinking water, 99.99% pure." (Shop windows in Deming display this NAME. proud claim.) There are homes already built on DEMING RANCHETTES ADDRFSS and they all have electricity. When you are ready to build your new home, electricity will be made available to you. Schools, hospitals, CITY STATF 7IP churches, shops, movies, golf course, tennis courts—these are located in the charming growing city of Deming. Fertile soil is yours for the "A statement and offering statement has been filed with the Department of planting, and wait until you see the stunning landscape of cotton State of the State of New York. The filing does not constitute approval of the fields in bloom. Almost everything will grow here when watered— fruits, sale or lease or offer for sale or lease by the Departmnt of State or any officer thereof or that the Department of State has in any way passed upon the merits vegetables, flowers, trees. of such offering. A copy of the offering statement is available, upon request, The one thing that captivates the fancy of people from every state from the subdivider." FLA. AD 67LB183 in the Union is the sincere friendliness of Deming's people. To visit I I THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 43 A . THE FIRST FLIGHTS AT KITTY HAWK— 1903 (Continued from page 42) r Franchises is 1 to Chicago. Before he left, however, Cha- dropped still more. Should they wait an- OUR FIRST NAME nute said he doubted whether their other day, even at the risk of worse WRITE FOR motor would provide the lift to get the weather and more delays from rain and PORTFOLIO flyer off the ground. snow? Unappealing as that choice was, Engine vibration during warm-up it would be the prudent one. But another tests loosened the metal propeller shafts consideration weighed heavily. In just and sprockets. Each time the brothers seven days it would be If they Before you make a mov Christmas. patiently tightened the toward going into any nuts, only to have hoped to spend it at home they could business for yourself, it them continue to work loose. Finally, not wait much longer for ideal flying con- makes sense to contact they dug out some bicycle tire rim glue ditions. The brothers decided to chance are the people who that they had brought along. Heating the it. First in Franchising. shafts and sprockets, they poured the Again they ran up the signal flag. Soon This portfolio tells what the glue into the threads and screwed the they were joined by John T. Daniels, W. world's largest franchise organization has to say mechanism tight. It worked. S. Dough and A. D. Etheridge from the about 3 types of res- Cold rains turned to snow and still the Life Saving Station; W. C. Brinkley, a taurants, beauty salons, the service business, winds howled around their drafty shack visiting lumber buyer from Manteo, a weight control and drove sand through the cracks. Out- N.C., and 16-year-old Johnny Moore of franchise, and major franchise side, wind-driven sand needles pricked nearby Nag's Head. "Cap'n Billy" stayed marketing itself. their faces and hands. home. "No one but a crazy man," he Must reading for the said, "would attempt to fly in such a person with $10,000 to $50,000 to start Another tubular guide cracked. If wind." Daniels operated Orville's tripod- his own business. the Wrights had the slightest hope mounted camera to record the event. It's free for the asking. of flying their machine in 1903 they No obligation, of course. could not wait for the express service to take the part to Dayton and return it to Kitty Hawk. Orville went with it himself. write When he returned on December 11, he for this brought news that Prof. Samuel P. Lang- portfolio to: FRANCHISES INTERNATIONAL ley's attempt to fly his powered Aero- Dept. W, 285 Central Ave. drome V had ended in a quick splash White Plains, N.Y. 10606 Phone (914) 949-5107 into the Potomac River. Newspapers A SUBSIDIARY OF CITY INVESTING COMPANY were charging that the government had spent $50,000 on Langley's plane, only GIANT m CT to prove that man would never fly. What S H GGY All, would they say, the brothers wondered, if they knew that their own flyer had cost less than $1,000, a figure which included 3 - 15c Packet*, ONLY 10c. 45c Value Rod, White & Blue. Gorgeous 5 in. Blooms. their fares to and from Kitty Hawk? 2^ in. thick, on Btately Btems. Send 10c for these lovely asters ami mm mm mm mm On December 14, the weather cleared. will include Big Seed, EDEE Plant& Nursery Catalog. ~ The day was sunny and a light wind was R. H. SHUMWAY SEEDSMAN blowing. The brothers flipped a coin to Dept. 309, ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 see who would be the first to try to go "How are the brandied prunes coming?' up in the flyer. Wilbur won. They raised THE AMERICAN Make Rubber Stamps for BIG PAY LEGION MAGAZINE a flag alongside their shack and at this Need more money? Earn »60-»76 prearranged signal, a handful of Coast About 10:30 a.m., they started the a week, spare time, at home mak- -- ingrubberstampsfororBcea.fac- Guardsmen from the Life Saving Station engine. Wheezing and coughing several tories, individuals. Hundreds of useB. Hundreds of prospects— ev- came down to help haul the flyer to the times, it began a steady putt-putt-putting erywhere. Right in your own corn- unity. Turn out special stamps for monorail. while the bicycle chains clanked along names, addresses, notices, prices, etc., : - Tiinutes with table-top machine. We When the machine was centered over the channel guides and the propellers Ornish everything and help finance you, at less than bank rates. Write for free facts. No salesman will call. the monorail and Wilbur was in place, whizzed. Orville settled himself into the Rubber Stamp Div., 1512 Jarvis, Dept. R-8-BS, Chicago 40624 the motor was started. Orville released flyer's cradle, secured the wing-warping the restraining wire. The flyer bolted wires around his hips and made certain Qld Ijeq So*h along the monorail, zoomed up out of the front elevator controls were oper- Are you miserable with pain and aches of leg control and soared for 3Vi seconds be- ative. ulcers, swelling, itch, rash due to deep venous fore crashing down onto its left wing. Grasping the front elevator controls, congestion or leg swelling of bulged veins or in- juries? Find out about proven VISCOSE that The impact spun the flyer, and the skids he released the rope which held the works as you walk. Easy to use. Money-back guaranteed trial. Send for FREE BOOK today. burrowed into the sand and snapped. flyer fast to the monorail. Slowly at first, L. E. VISCOSE COMPANY Wilbur was not hurt, but repairs on the it glided down the rail with Wilbur trot- 100 W. Chicago Ave., Chicago, III. 60610 damaged flyer took two days. The plane ting alongside, steadying the wobbling More Security With had lifted itself but had scarcely flown. ship. The machine gathered speed. Six . . Thursday, December 17, 1903, seven . . . eight miles an hour. FALSE TEETH dawned cold and dreary. A bone-chill- Forty feet from its starting point, Or- At Any Time ing wind blew in off the Atlantic. Earlier ville took off. Daniels clicked the camera rains left the which, even Do your false teeth embarrass you by slip- had puddles which were now and snapped photo ping, dropping or wobbling when you laugh , sheeted with ice. The Wrights read their today, is still the most famous in all of talk or eat? Then sprinkle a little PASTEETH on your plates. FASTEETH holds dentures more wind gauge and waited. aerospace history. This alkaline pow- firmly, more comfortably. They took another reading shortly The photo could not, however, show der doesn't sour. No gooey, pasty taste. Helps check denture odor. Dentures that fit are after 9 o'clock. The wind was even Orville struggling with the controls as essential to health. See your dentist regularly. Get FASTEETH today at all drug counters. stronger now and the temperature had the flyer, whipped by the high winds, 44 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 zoomed up and down in roller-coaster If you want to fashion. After reaching an altitude of ten feet in one wild swoop, the flyer sud- denly dove at a sharp angle and skidded into the sand. It had traveled 1 20 feet in Stop Smoking, 12 seconds. Of that flight, Orville later wrote that while it lasted only 12 seconds, "it was Here's How! nevertheless the first in the history of the world in which a machine carrying a man had raised itself by its own power into the air in full flight, had sailed for- ward without reduction of speed, and had finally landed at a point as high as that from which it started." For the day's second flight, Wilbur took over the controls. His flight, at 11:20 a.m., was similar to the first, ex- byAITyll cept that he stayed in the air longer and the "magician" of traveled about 65 feet farther. Known as fj trick water skiing, Al Tyll Twenty minutes later, Orville made B (rhymes with "will") is a many- the third and considerably more exciting time winner of National, Mas- ters and North American flight: "I proceeding along pretty was Championships in trick skiing. well," he recalled sometime later, "when Versatile Al Tyll is also an expert snow skier and author of "The a sudden gust from the right lifted the Complete Beginner's Guide to machine up to 12 to 15 feet and turned Water Skiing." it sidewise in an alarming manner. It began a lively sidling off to the left. I warped the wings to try to recover the lateral balance and at the same time Trick water skiing may look simple, than 80% effective in helping chronic pointed the machine down to reach the but no sport is more demanding in chain smokers give up smoking com- ground as quickly as possible." He terms of stamina, coordination and pletely. Extensive research work at a skidded to a safe landing after a 15- sheer physical strength. Believe me, great American University has shown second flight of slightly over 200 feet. trick water skiing and smoking just that 4 out of 5 people who had a de- At high noon, Wilbur climbed aboard don't go together—not if you want to sire to stop smoking were able to do for the fourth try, which started out as stay on top. so within one week with the help of a repeat of Orville's earlier roller-coaster I I Bantron. those didn't stop ride. Wilbur was pitched along for about Some time ago, decided should Even who 300 feet before he was able to get the stop smoking. Although I had been completely cut down drastically. machine under control, but some 200 smoking for 14 years, I noticed that Bantron simply acts as a substitute feet farther on the flyer began rolling now I was smoking more and more for the nicotine in your system and again and, darting downward, smacked and I wasn't doing my best at skiing. helps curb the desire for tobacco with the sand so hard that the front rudder Having been the champion trick skier a harmless, non-habit forming sub- frame snapped. for many years, I just couldn't afford stance called lobeline. The result is Wilbur had covered a distance of 852 to get hooked on the habit. I had to that you feel no pangs of withdrawal feet in 59 seconds aloft—a record which stay physically fit. However, I found it and no desire to smoke. would stand until, more than 50 flights was getting harder and harder not to Bantron is easy and pleasant to later and with another machine, they reach for a cigarette. Then I remem- take. It really worked wonders for me. themselves would break it. bered reading about Bantron. I went Even now, when I think of smoking, I But the amazing machine with which to my drug store, bought a package of just take Bantron instead. I recom- the Wrights had made history would Bantron, and started taking it. mend Bantron to everyone who wants never fly again. Shortly after Wilbur's I'm very happy to say that with to stop smoking quickly and easily. record flight, a sudden strong gust picked Bantron's help, I stopped smoking Try it. You'll be amazed with the re- up the flyer and despite attempts to hold completely in 5 days. I had no diffi- sults, just as I was. It really works! it to the ground, whipped it, end over culty in stopping, and didn't feel rest- Bantron is so safe when taken as end. Wilbur and Orville could not hold less or irritable. It didn't affect my directed that you can get it at all drug on to it, but Daniels did. He was thrown taste for food or anything else and it stores prescription. It has head-over-heels inside the machine and without a was so pleasant and easy to take. Just suffered painful bruises. The plane was even been granted a patent by the one Bantron pill after each meal for 5 damaged beyond immediate repair. U.S. Government. Also available in days did the job for me. it's That afternoon, the Wrights walked to And now Canada. the weather station where Dosher opened been more than 18 months since I've the telegraph line to Norfolk and clicked touched a cigarette ! I feel very proud out a wire addressed to Bishop Wright in to endorse Bantron and strongly rec- Dayton: "SUCCESS FOUR FLIGHTS ommend it to anyone who wants to THURSDAY MORNING ALL stop smoking. It is a marvelous aid to AGAINST TWENTY-ONE MILE quitting or to cutting down easily and WIND STARTED FROM LEVEL quickly. Just try Bantron. You'll be Smoking WITH ENGINE POWER ALONE amazed how it will help you. Bantron Deterrent AVERAGE SPEED THROUGH AIR I've learned that clinical evidence brand Tablets (Continued on page 46) has established that Bantron is more A CAMPANA PRODUCT THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 45 THE FIRST FLIGHTS AT KITTY HAWK— 1903 tention was focused on them. Orville, (Continued from page 45) meantime, had established an air record THIRTY-ONE MILES LONGEST 59 his story and only the Norfolk paper and at Fort Mycr. Va., on September 1 2, 1908, SECONDS INFORM PRESS HOME the Cincinnati Enquirer carried it on the when he remained aloft for one CHRISTMAS." front page. hour and 1 2 minutes. That year the War The Norfolk operator asked per- Recognition was slow for the Wright Department awarded them a contract mission to release the news. "No!" the brothers. Scientists had already ex- for a "military airship," and in July 1909. Wrights replied. They wanted the first plained why flying a machine heavier again at Fort Myer, Orville met the re- newsbreak to come in their home town. than air was impossible and the press quired tests and the government ac- But the Norfolk operator tipped off a and public weren't about to buy any cepted the machine. Honors, medals and cub reporter, H. P. Moore of the Nor- stories to the contrary. For as much as recognition followed. By the end of folk Virginian-Pilot. Moore, failing to a year, few newsmen believed anyone 1909, Wright planes were being man- reach the Wright brothers by telegraph had flown. ufactured in two plants in Europe. The or telephone, decided to write his own Unperturbed, the Wrights went ahead brothers then turned their attention to version of what had happened at Kitty in January 1904 with plans for a new, setting up an American company. (In Hawk: heavier plane. Their practice field was a 1910, the American Wright Company netted a profit of than "The machine flew for three miles . . . pasture about eight miles from Dayton. more $100,000.) and gracefully descended to the earth at Little progress was made during the next On May 30, 1912, Wilbur, 45, died of typhoid fever. the spot selected by the man in the navi- few months but, on September 20, 1 904, Orville devoted his later years to his work. gator's car as a suitable landing place. . . . they made their first complete circle, He fought numerous There are two 6-blade propellers, one finally managing to beat the "tail-spin" patent infringement suits and battled the arranged just below the frame so as to that had so far plagued their attempts Smithsonian Institution. exert an upward force when in motion to maneuver short turns. From then on, and the other extends horizontally from flights increased in length until, in early The Smithsonian had asked for the the rear to the center of the car furnish- October 1905, Wilbur flew for 38 min- original flyer. Orville was agree- ." able, but he balked when learned that ing forward impetus. . . utes, covering a circular course for 24 he In Dayton, Lorin Wright, an older miles. Now people believed! The the Institution was crediting Langley, its brother, offered the story to the Dayton brothers turned to marketing their in- own late director and secretary, with Journal and the Associated Press. Nei- vention. Wilbur went to Europe in 1908 having built the first heavier-than-air ther was interested, but the Dayton Eve- to conduct tests prior to the sale of flying machine capable of flying. Unless ning Herald front-paged it next day. French rights. He made flights at Pau it gave the Wrights clear-cut and supreme Moore, meanwhile, was offering to sell and Le Mans, France, and in Rome. credit, said Orville, it could not have the his tale to newspapers around the nation. Kings of Spain, England and Italy were flyer. The controversy continued for Most editors scoffed. Only five bought on hand to watch them. Worldwide at- years until, in a final pique, Orville loaned the aeroplane in 1928 to Lon- don's Science Museum. There it would In What Business of Your Own Can You MAKE BACK stay, he said, until the Smithsonian set the record straight. YOUR INITIAL INVESTMENT in as little as 2 WEEKS? It remained in England for nearly 20 years. Then, on October 24, 1942, in a You Can Do It When You're a Successful public apology, the Smithsonian said: "It MERLITE PRESTO SHINE DEALER! is to be regretted that the Institution pub- The initial investment in a Merlite Presto Shine Dealership is so modest, and the earnings so surprisingly high, it's possible for you to earn back your initial lished statements repeatedly to the effect investment in as little as 2 to 4 weeks! How many other business opportunities permit you to recoup so quickly? that . . . Langley's plane of 1903 . . . was the first heavier-than-air machine capable Imagine! You Offer a Genuine of maintaining sustained human flight. FOR One of our Merlite Presto Shine $595 Dealerships. Set up your own ... If the publication of this paper should SIM0NIZ PASTE WAX JOB ONLY practically any location — even at home. clear for to bring The equipment we supply you and the system we teach you, enable you to the way Dr. Wright genuine Simoniz Paste Wax in as little as clean, wax and polish a car with READ WHAT DEALERS SAY ABOUT back to America the Kitty Hawk ma- 20 minutes! You charge only $5.95— about '/a the usual professional charge. THIS GREAT OPPORTUNITY: first Yet you make up to $5.75 gross profit on every car! Weekly gross profit up chine to which all the world awards to $500.00 and more possible— as much as $25,000 • $30,000 in a year! Larry Drain of III.: "Within 13 place, it will be a source of profound and days of getting started, profits NOW, HERE'S WHAT WE OFFER YOU: from the business paid for the enduring gratification to his countrymen initial investment and that in of eludes my TV and radio adver- ." 1. Remarkable Patented Invention. You get authorized use pat everywhere. . . tising. Since then I have been ented HM Polishing Machine (U.S. Patent No. 2,967,315). duplicate mo- averaging between $1,000 and It was not until after Orville Wright's tion of human hand, enables you to bring a car to a lustrous, gleaming, S1.3P0 a week' Because I can- protected Simoniz Wax finish in as little as 20 minutes! not handle the business mvseH death from a heart attack in January I now have 3 employees who 2. Risk! Personal Training in Your Area Without a Penny of work full time." 1948 that the flyer was brought back to We'll send one of our skilled Instructors to train you in the use of the Edward' L. Berman of R.I.: At the United States. He had provided for the method. After your instruction, if you decide Machine and speed the present time I am averaging not to become a Dealer, you're not out a penny over 150 cars a week at iust one its return from England in his papers. 'ocation Since this represents 3 - Practically No Overhead ... You Can Work From Home! business for November, which The flyer was unveiled at the Smith- theoretically is not the best Do all the work at home, save overhead expenses. Supplies, materials cost waxing season I enpect to do " sonian on Dec. 17, 1948, the 45th anni- about 20r per car. so vour gross profit on a 10b is about $5.75! twice that amount by Spring versary of the first flights at Kitty Hawk. 4. Start in Your Spare Time. Hold on to vour full-time job. start out in spare time — evenings, r The inscription, which would have Merlite Presto Shine Corp., Dept. Y1K, ! weekends. Then, when you see how much more 1 114 East 32nd St., New York, N. Y. 10016 pleased Orville, described the plane as money per hour you make with Merlite Presto \ ' Rush me complete Prospectus of my opportunity Shins, into full-time business. , go to make big profits in a business of my own as "The world's first power-driven heavier- ( a Merlite Presto Shine Dealer. Everything comes 5. Tremendous Demand Everywhere. 1 than-air machine in which man made 1 b Prepaid, absolutely FREE. Your astounding low $5.95 price draws a steady t0 me ^ ma ''' free, sustained flight. . . . stream of motorist-customers. controlled and NAME.. By original, scientific research, the COMPLETE PROSPECTUS -FREE . Wright Brothers discovered the princi- 1 ADDRESS.. THIS COUPON TODAY . . . MAIL ples of human flight. . . . They further . . . I CITY STATE ZIP MERLITE PRESTO SHINE CORP. 1 taught man to fly, and opened the era 1 In Canada: Merlite Presto Shine, 1 114 East 32nd St., Dept. Y1K New York. N. Y. 10016 675_Kinj St_ W.^_ Toronto, _0nt. ." . . the end j j of aviation. 46 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 .! Important information for people 65 or older and their children and relatives: Protect your income and savings against big hospital bills YOU CAN ... NOW ... FOR ONLY $2.90 PER MONTH . . . WITH AMERICAN LIFE'S $10,000 Medicare Supplement Plan can enroll (a spouse can join when reaching 65) and enjoy equal benefits for the same Pays you IN ADDITION to all other insurance. low premium per person. GUARANTEED RENEWABLE for life or until $10,000 paid per person. Upon acceptance of your enrollment, wc will send you your American Life Medicare This message is of special interest to men and the burden of a big hospital bill (as well as a Supplement Plan Policy and your Hospital women 65 or older who are automatically drain on your own income and savings) by Identification Card. You will also receive a covered by the U.S. Government Medicare taking out a policy for your parents or relatives premium payment notice covering the first Hospital Plan. NOW. Just fill in the application form today quarterly premium at the rate of $2.90 per and have the person to be insured sign it. We month per person (the cost will be even lower It tells about the wonderful new $10,000 will gladly bill you for the low quarterly, semi- if you pay the premium for six months or a American Life Medicare Supplement Plan annual or annual premiums after you have re- year) . Upon receipt of the policy, if you are which gives you full protection, in accordance ceived your policy. not completely satisfied, you owe nothing. with the benefits described, against big hos- pital bills. Don't risk your income and your savings. ENROLLMENTS CLOSING -MAIL APPLICATION TODAY Don't saddle your children or relatives with It pays hospital costs which Medicare does NO MEDICAL EXAMINATION REQUIRED your hospital debts. Don't miss this wonder- not cover. NO SALESMAN WILL CALL ful opportunity to be financially independent. U.S. Government Medicare Plan A pays only Sorry, not available to res. of Wash., Oreg., PART OF THE COSTS after 60 days and Send no money until after you receive your policy Wis., Mich., Ohio. NONE OF THE COSTS after 90 days of The present enrollment offer is open for a hospital confinement. This is why it is impor- Can I have confidence in American Life limited time only. Regardless of whether you tant that you have the full, low-cost additional Insurance Company? participate in the U.S. Government Medicare protection of the new American Life Medicare Yes! For over 40 years, since 1928, program (if you are under Social Security or American Life Insurance Company has Supplement Plan. Railroad Retirement you are automatically faithfully served policy holders. Serving We never know when one of a score of dis- covered by the U.S. Medicare Plan A insur- policy holders from Coast to Coast; noted for fast claim service. American eases or accidents may strike, requiring a long ance), you are eligible to enroll under the Life is licensed under the laws of its hospital stay—such as heart attack, stroke, American Life Medicare Supplement Plan. state of domicile and carries full legal cancer, vascular disorder or a broken hip. But you must enroll now to collect the bene- reserves for the protection of all policy Statistics show that people 65 years or older fits. As long as you are 65 years or older, holders. are hospitalized at least twice as long as those there's no age limit. Both husband and wife under 65. years How about you? Do you have enough income Founded in 1928 Over 40 of Service to cover big, unexpected hospital bills? Do you have enough savings to handle such long- AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY term emergencies which could cost you thou- 221 North La Salle Street Chicago. Illinois 60601 • FR 2-5722 sands of dollars? Just one long hospital stay may plunge you into poverty, cause you to lose your life sav- $10,000 AMERICAN MEDICARE SUPPLEMENT PLAN • SPECIAL-APPLY NOW IF YOU ARE 65 OR OLDER ings and make you dependent on others. to: AMERICAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY • 221 N. LaSalle Street • Chicago, Illinois 60601 But you need not be exposed to these hazards Please enroll me (and my wife or husband if named below) in the $10,000 AMERICAN MEDICARE SUPPLE- MENT Plan. Please send my policy and Hospital Identification Card now. I understand this protection will Now ... for only $2.90 a month per person . . begin as soon as the first quarterly premium of $8.70 per person is paid. you can protect your income and your life sav- My name_ .My Date of Birth. ings against such perils with the new $10,000 (please print) American Life Medicare Supplement Plan. My address - (street) (city) (state) (zip code) This new, low-cost plan pays up to $10,000 ENROLL YOUR SPOUSE HERE: tax-free benefits per person under an easy-to- First name of wife or husband _; date of birth_ understand policy. The money is paid directly SIGN HERE X to you (or to the hospital, if you prefer). No Please send me a free copy of Social Security Administration Booklet OASI-35, on Government Medicare. matter how long you stay in the hospital, Please send extra enrollment forms for my friends or relatives. there's no time limit for each confinement up • AMERICAN FAMILIES FOR OVER 40 YEARS to $10,000 total benefits per person. FOUNDED 1928 PROTECTING PLEASE DO NOT SEND ANY MONEY. You will be billed later. LE . SONS, DAUGHTERS, RELATIVES: You c_ 96g 19 can protect your loved ones 65 or older against THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 47 HOW THE FIRST Gl BILL WAS WRITTEN: PART II MY GRASS GROWS (Continued from page 26) Sam smiled. passed the House, was a dead issue in WHERE OTHER "Yes," he said, "we're talking about it, the conference. and we're going to get it passed." Mr. Rankin, the bitter foe of 52-20 GRASSES FAILED Ketchum shook his head. (though till now he'd been our friend in By Mike Scnkiw "You're crazy," he said. all else), led the new opposition in the It's true the things Led by Stelle. the Legion's special com- conference. As House chairman he re- people are saying about in to Amazoy Meyer Z-52 Zoy- mittee dug and fought. They mar- fused cast the proxy vote of absent sia Grass. (Reg. T.M.) shaled every resource, every influence Rep. John Gibson of Georgia that It grows so thick and luxurious that walking they could think of. would tip the scales for the Legion ver- on it is unforgettable . . . 8, sion. like walking on a thick, By Thursday. June 1944 (two days pile carpet. after D-Day in Normandy), the House There were seven Senators and seven Your Zoysia lawn drives out crabgrass and weeds and Senate conferees had agreed on Representatives on the conference com- all summer long. It stays green and beautiful in Section I. II and III of the bill, including mittee. Under the rules a bill would die blistering heat when other the education and loan features. In the if a majority of the representatives grass burns out. It cuts from 2 mowing by . it's perfect for summer homes ,'z main, the Senate had yielded to the each house did not agree. and ' 'problem" areas—even where grass seeds failed you! House versions. But they were dead- The seven Senators were in accord. There's no need to rip out your old grass. locked over Title IV—veterans job place- But the House group was evenly divided Plug in Amazoy Zoysia Grass and let it spread into winter-hardy beautiful turf that never needs ment. The Senate members wanted its —three voting to accept the Senate ver- replacement. It will neither heat kill nor wirter kill . . . green color after merely goes off its services left in the United States Employ- sion, three opposing it. The seventh mem- heavy frost and regains fresh new beauty every Spring— a true perennial! Every plug guaranteed ment Service, with control exercised by ber of the House group was Gibson, at to grow in any soil in your area, no matter how many other grasses have failed. a board of which the Administrator of home in Georgia recovering from an Veterans Affairs was chairman. The acute illness. to end lawn problems, send for Free interesting . prices inel. I're-Season House members wanted to hand it over | farts and of Amazoy Bonus \ I Offer. i\'o obligation. Mail coupon to . . . entirely to the Veterans Administration, The deadlock lasted through Friday, Dept. 301 ZOYSIA FARMS creating a new and separate employment and into Friday evening. As the con- I 6414 Reisterstown Rd., Baltimore, Md. 2 121 5 I organization, duplicating and paralleling ference broke up that evening, Repre- | n,„„, | the USES and state systems. sentative Pat Kearney of New York, a Addi'ess | | The Legion backed the Senate posi- Legionnaire as well as a Past National City & State Zip | | tion. It would give control to the VA. in Commander of the VFW and a staunch keeping with the Legion's hard-learned advocate of the Legion's desires, told REDUCIBLE lesson that veterans suffer when their af- John Stelle: RUPTURE agony fairs are in many hands. Yet it would "John, we can't hold this thing to- utilize Removed (or tr the set-up of USES and avoid the gether much longer. We've agreed to creation of a wasteful new agency within meet once more, at 10 o'clock tomorrow COSTS YOU NOTHING) § WHEN you slip into a the VA. morning. If we can't reach an agreement low-cost, contour-designed Most likely the House members' in- then, the conferees will vote to report Brooks Patented Air Cush- sistence on creating an unnecessary new back to each house that they are unable ion Appliance! Your re- veterans employment service was a to agree. The bill will be lost." ducible rupture will be held in securely yet gently—or camouflage—a cover-up for the opposi- "What can we do?" John asked. the trial costs you nothing! This invention tion to 52-20 which, having already "Get John Gibson up here from has made millions of sufferers happy. You can enjoy heavenly comfort night and day at work and play— or the Appliance costs you nothing. Isn't this worth a no-risk trial by you? If interested, write for free facts now. 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Y, THE AMERICAN LEGION' MAGAZINE 48 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 — — Georgia," Pat Kearney said. "He'll vote No answer! The Congressman was not much money the right way. He's the only one who at home. How can save the bill." The Douglas telephone operator was We knew John Gibson was for us. He told why we had to reach Gibson. Her do you need had sent his proxy to the conferees but attitude was like that of another tele- the chairman of the House Committee phone operator that night who said: to get into a refused to accept it. "My husband just landed in Nor- Get Gibson to Washington by 10 mandy. I'm with you." o'clock the next morning? The Douglas operator said: nice little business We looked at our watches. It was al- "I'll find him for you—some way or ready past 6 o'clock in the evening. We other!" of your own? dashed from the Capitol and raced back She began to telephone his friends. to Legion headquarters. She learned that Gibson was supposed John Stelle put in a call to Gibson's to be on the highway, some place be- home in Douglas, Georgia. tween Valdosta and Douglas, 70 miles "Sorry," the long distance operator apart. She thought he was on his way said, "there is a delay of five to six hours home. You've always wished you could go into a busi- ness of your own. But, you don't have the cash it takes. Or do you? Here's a great little business you can get into for the price of a 6c stamp. That's all you ever "invest", because we supply everything you need. You don't need a lick of experience we've been showing men the way for years. And k you don't have to cut yourself loose from your regular paycheck because this is one business ynu can operate in your spare time. You'll be showing friends our beautiful color catalog of over 275 brand new men's and wom- a 4 en's shoe styles. They'll order from you because you're their friend—and because the styles are great! Every time you take an order, you stuff another $1.50 to $12.00 in your pocket — that's your profit — and you forward the order to us. We fill the order for you (that's why you never have can't his horn, like other "Why he honk dates?" any investment). THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE If you can put in just 2 hours a week, you can pick up an extra $5 to $10. Spend all day Satur- on all calls to Georgia." That was typical "I'll ring him every five minutes until day at it and you should clear anywhere from America. If didn't have I get him," she said. of wartime you $20 on up. an official priority you might wait and Time was racing by. It was 9 o'clock wait to get a long distance call through. 10 o'clock— 11. Money isn't all The news was crushing. But Jack If we did reach Gibson, how were we you'll make! Cejnar said: going to get him to Washington? We give producers val- "The Atlanta Constitution is for us. There was an Army Air Force Base uable prizes. ..and you can quickly qualify for They've written editorials asking their at Waycross, forty miles away. Could we free shoes for life, too. readers to call on Congress to pass it. get an Army bomber? Best of all, your name They'll help." I put in a call for a friend, Bill West- on this coupon and a 6c We hadn't been able to get Douglas, lake, chief of Air Force public relations. stamp on an envelope are all it takes to get Georgia, on our first meek try to crack I heard he was in California. Where? No started. So stop wish- the wartime telephone priorities. Now one available at that hour knew. ing for that business Stelle took a different tack. He got on Using its news priority, I called the of your own...mail this the phone and refused to take no for an Los Angeles Examiner and explained the coupon and get started answer. He claimed to have a mysterious situation. in it today! priority and finally talked an operator "We've got to talk to Westlake!" I into connecting him with Atlanta. Du- said. "I can only tell you he's some place MASON SHOE MFG. CO., Dept. H-256 pont Wright, the night editor of the in California." Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin 54729 Constitution, and Rolfe Edmondson, Within half an hour, the Examiner Rush My FREE Starting Outfit, complete instructions, rewrite man and a veteran of World found him (don't ask me how) —and and free-shoes-for-life offers today. War I, were on duty. They had a tele- Bill Westlake was on the wire. phone priority they could use in an "I'll do anything I can to help," he Name emergency. When the situation was ex- said. "I'll telephone the commander at Address . plained to them, they decided this was the Waycross base, and he'll be at your certainly an emergency. service." City- Edmondson called Gibson's home in He did. In a matter of minutes, the State . Zip Douglas. {Continued on page 50) THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE « FEBRUARY 1969 49 . HOW THE FIRST Gl BILL WAS WRITTEN: PART II — (Continued from page 49) Waycross commandant telephoned us. Gibson was on the wire. He was told "I haven't got a plane available," he the situation. Now vou may eet tho money you need . . Pay As Little VAST! Bui row SHU) (o $1,500 with a Money- said. "But there's an Eastern Airlines "I thought it was important," he said. Bv-Mail "Seiret Loan" from Dial. Absolute As $5.00 privacy. No co-signers needed, absolutely plane due to leave Jacksonville, Florida, "I heard the phone ringing as I was driv- NO MORTGAGES OF ANY KIND REQUIRED. a Month You .i-.- your own signature. Pay up old at a.m. If get here, in bet I'll get to Cash 30 Monthly 2:20 you can Gibson ing the yard. You Wash- bills and have cash left over out of everv You Get Payments paycheck. (Special: Credit life insurance I'll have a car ready to drive him to ington. They promised to vote my al nominal cost). Whatever yon available, $104.65 1 $5700" need money for . . . pet it FAST . . . ami in " Jacksonville." proxy." privacy by Mail from Dial. Write today. 293.02 14.00 Obligation. No 623.06 1 29.00 Meanwhile. Past National Com- Dupont Wright got John Stelle on the DIAL FINANCE CO., Dept. B-092 Cash 36 Monthly You Gat Payments mander Roane Waring of Tennessee wire in Washington. relayed instruc- 410 Kilpatrick Bld£.. Omaha. Nebr. 68107 He $927.78T$37.00 had telephoned Judge Robert Patterson, tions between Stelle and Gibson giv- FdIAL FINANCE CO., Dept. B-092 — 1550.151 59.00 1410 Kilpatrick Bldg., Omaha, Nebr. 68102 Undersecretary of War, to get a top air- ing Gibson the number of his plane pri- Please rush FREE Loan Order Blank. NO AGENT 1 WILL CALL plane priority for Gibson. The priority ority and other information. | was granted. Pat Kelley of Georgia was part of the ! In Georgia, two radio stations, WSB Legion team in its Washington head- | C(7./_ .State .Zip Code _ | in Atlanta, and WGOV in Valdosta, quarters that night. He and Lyon were broadcasting repeated appeals: ("Count") Brandon of Mississippi had "Anyone knowing whereabouts of been appointed to the committee—and Congressman John S. Gibson ask him had done yeomen's service. He managed to call Operator 2 in Washington im- somehow to phone Georgia's Legion mediately. Important he be contacted." Commander, Clark Luke, at Ocilla, Ga., The Georgia State Police also pitched got him out of bed, and told him to drive in and helped. Told how urgently he to Douglas, pick Gibson up—and take was needed, a police lieutenant said: him to Waycross, where the Army car HERE IS THE PERMANENT ANSWER FOR YOUR FUND RAISING, THAT THOUSANDS "You bet we'll find him." was waiting. OF ORGANIZATIONS USE. "BINGO KING" SUPPLIES EVERYTHING ALONG WITH FREE [toshbaants Meanwhile, in New York, the late IDEA BULLETINS FOR YOUR HELP. PAY AS wire,' YOU GO. MAIL COUPON TODAY. Policemen raced over the highways Wiley Smith, editor of the Hearst Gibson might be traveling. There'd got Walter Sternberg, Eastern Airlines' *Binn> King" Or pi. 4Q6 Boi 1 17B Enilflwood, Colo. 80110 tfft be the roar of a siren, and a policeman traffic manager, out of bed, and told him, Pieaie ruih FREE Sample Cam would wave a motorist to the side of the what was needed-. Eastern's plane had, p-ffl Systems road. to be held at Jacksonville until Gibson Tobies & Chairs "What—what do you want?" the could get there. •BIWGO KING' BOX 1178 ENGUWOOD, COLORADO 10111 motorist would say. "I wasn't speeding." "Don't worry," said Sternberg, "we'll "Are you Gibson? No? OK. Go on." do it." He had no qualms. His boss, Down in Douglas, the hour had long Eddie Rickenbacker, was an active Le- HEAVY DUTY WELDER passed the quitting time of the operator gionnaire and America's top flying ace Does work of $85.00 welder who was "sitting on Gibson's phone." in WWI. yet costs only |OQR But she didn't think of quitting. Sternberg called Jacksonville with a POSTPAID JiVW Then, sometime after 11, she called single message: Fits ordinary 110V outlet Edmondson on the Constitution. "Bring Gibson to Washington on that 3 welding heats "I've got Congressman Gibson," she plane if you have to wait all night." Weld, braze, solder or cut most anything made of metal. No experi- ence needed. Follow simple instructions. Uses standard W rods said. Dupont Wright was given all this in- to weld iron, steel, brass, bronze, aluminum, other metals. 3 welding heats ... not just one as with other low priced models. New HEAVY DUTY circuit gives higher heat . 4 times the heat needed to melt toughest iron. More welding power than ever before. Comes complete with welder's mask, $2.00 pack of rods, flux, carbons, automatic arc striker, etc. NOTHING ELSE TO BUY. Approved for homes, garages, shops, factories. 10 day MONEY BACK trial. Guaran- teed against burnouts. Send $2.00 and pay $16.95 plus small C.O.D. when delivered, or send $18.95 cash, ck., M.0. for postpaid shipment. WEL-DEX MFG. CC.Oept. W-57, Box 1077S. Houston, Texas 77(18 ARE YOU UNLUCKY? THE GIRL whose dreams never come true THE MAN success passes by NOW YOU CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT! This age-old symbol of Irish luck — the LUCKY LEPRECHAUN — cast in the original good luck mould from gleaming solid silver or gold, can now be YOURS. Test his mag- netic power under our money-back guaran- lee. Airmailed to you overnight from Ireland with complete free history and guarantee. Beware of plated imitations. Send now only $3 for Silver - $10 for 9kt Gold - $15 for 14kt Gold (no COD's) to: Silvercraft Ltd. 20A Albert Walk, BRAY, IRELAND I WANT EVERY READER ig^.of this Paper to have my big red ;HS earliana tomato F"KING OF THE EARLIES" Big solid, scarlet fruit, disease resistant, heavy yielder. Ideal for table or canning. Send 10c for big mm_ acket or 25c for 3 packets CDrr and copy of Seed and Nursery Catalog. ri» fcfc "How do you like the way she 'corners'?' R. H. SHUM WAY SEEDSMAN THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE Dept. 308 ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS 61101 5Q THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 : — Suddenly a sharp curve loomed ahead. anyone who dares to vote against this The driver's hands tightened on the bill." wheel. His foot found the brake. The With the deadlock broken, the three car whipped into the turn, tires scream- negative voters from the House gave up ing. Two wheels left the road. It lurched and made it unanimous for the bill. The and tilted sickeningly. But just when it long seven months fight was won. The seemed certain to overturn, Corporal GI Bill of Rights was reported back to Hunter fought it back into control. the House and Senate—in the form the "I thought my feet would go through Legion wanted it. The Senate approved the floor boards," Gibson said later. its final form on June 12, and the House Florida police waited at the state line on June 13, 1944. to escort the car to the airport where the plane was waiting. few days later, Sam Rorex had At 6:37 a.m., the plane landed at A the pleasure of carrying the bill to Washington National Airport—and the the White House for the President's Legion's special committee greeted Gib- signature. Rorex was one of the two Ar- son. He was fighting mad. kansas men on the Legion's GI Bill "There's supposed to be such a thing committee and a friend of President as Congressional courtesy," he said. "I Roosevelt. The President signed it on can't understand why my proxy wasn't June 22, in the presence of John Stelle. voted." Frank Sullivan, National Adjutant Don- Sharply at 10 o'clock, as the confer- ald G. Glascoff, Harry Colmery and ence committee went into session, Gib- Ralph Mitchell, aide to National Com- son strode in. mander Warren Atherton. THfc) AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE "Hello, John," someone said. "Have The first GI Bill of Rights became the you got the opposition licked down in law of the land on the day that the final formation. He relayed it to Gibson. Georgia?" attack was launched across the Atlantic said: Suddenly Gibson "Yes," Gibson answered. "I've got it to secure Cherbourg, first major seaport got "I just remembered—I haven't licked there. And now I've come up here objective of the Normandy invasion. In any cash on me!" to lick it. Americans are dying today in the Pacific, it was the fifth day of the to cast about for an Wright began Normandy in the greatest invasion in all Marianas invasion and the 4th Marine answer to that. But Gibson said history. I'm going to hold a press con- Division had just cut Saipan in two. poker "Never mind. There's always a ference after this meeting and castigate THE END game at the Elks Club on Friday night. I'll get some money from the boys." Even as he spoke, he saw the head- lights of an automobile turning into his yard. "This must be Clark Luke now," he WILL YOU SMOKE MY said. "I'm on my way. Goodbye!" It was Clark Luke. Through a slash- ing thunderstorm they raced toward NEW KIND OF PIPE Waycross. Georgia police provided a motorcycle escort. Police were watching 30 Days at My Risk? all crossroads to divert traffic. The road By E. A. was clear all the way to Waycross—and CAREY to Jacksonville. All I want is your name so I can write At Waycross, Gibson leaped from and tell you why I'm willing to send Luke's car into an Army car, driven by you my pipe for 30 days smoking with- Corporal Jack Hunter, former Notre out a cent of risk on your part. Dame track star, with Private First Class My new pipe is not a new model, not a new The claims I could make for this new principle in Stevens as relief Nils of Warnock, Ohio, style, not a new gadget, not an improve- tobacco enjoyment are so spectacular that no pipe smoker would believe them. So, since "seeing is driver. ment on old style pipes. It is the first believing", I also say "Smoking is convincing" and pipe in the world to use an Less than three hours were left when ENTIRELY I want to send you one Carey pipe to smoke 30 days NEW PRINCIPLE for giving unadulter- at my risk. At the end of that time, if you're willing Gibson left his home at Douglas. And — ated pleasure to pipe smokers. to give up your Carey Pipe, simply break it to bits Jacksonville was 150 miles away! and return it to me — the trial has cost you nothing. I've been a pipe smoker for 30 years The car leaped raced Please send me your name today. The coupon or a Army forward— always looking for the ideal pipe— buying postal card will do. I'll send you absolutely free my through the storm at 90 miles an hour. all the disappointing gadgets — never complete trial offer so you can decide for yourself Once disaster almost put an end to the finding a single, solitary pipe that would whether or not my pipe-smoking friends are right smoke hour after hour, after when they say the Carey Pipe is the greatest smok- trip. day day, without bitterness, bite, or sludge. ing invention ever patented. Send your name today. The driver swung out to pass a truck. As one pipe smoker to another, I'll guarantee you With considerable doubt, I decided to work out the surprise of your life, FREE. Write E. A. Carey, something for myself. After months of experiment- 1920 Sunnyside Ave.. Dept. 246- B.Chicago 40, Illinois ing and scores of disappointments, suddenly, almost by accident, I discovered how to harness four great [~E. A. CAREY, 1920 Sunnyside Ave., laws to give I natural me everything wanted in a pipe. I DEPT. 246-B, CHICAGO 40, ILLINOIS It didn't require any "breaking in". From the first [ Please send facts about the Carey Pipe. Then I will I puff it smoked cool— it smoked mild. It smoked right decide if I want to try it for 30 Days at YOUR RISK, j down to the last bit of tobacco without bite. It never I Everything you eend is free. No salesman is to call. I has to be "rested". AND it never has to be cleaned! Yet it is utterly impossible for goo or sludge to reach your tongue, because my invention I Name. The unique non-profit placement agency dissipates the goo as it forms! ...specialists in disabled personnel You might expect all this to require a complicated Address. mechanical gadget, but when you see it, the most sur- 717 111 Ave. N.Y C. YUkon 6-0044 prising thing will be that I've done all this in a pipe City Zone State. that looks like any of the finest conventional pipes. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 51 . WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE POST OFFICE? (Continued from page 13) BORROWPOJ dresses and ZIP codes. Now at the end volumes—would be saved if the Post of the experimental stage, the combina- Office management were freed to plan BY MAIL fEsF* I tion optical scanner and letter sorter and finance postal operations and capital MONTHLY 65 CASH WANT saves almost three times as much proc- investment strictly in accord with postal $39 REPAYS 51000 YOU Amount No. of Monthly essing manpower as the multi-position needs. In fact, the 20% represents our Write to American Loan Plan, ol Loan Payts Payments City National Bank Bldg., letter sorter." judgment of the savings can presently % 100 30 $ 4.77 we Omaha. Nebr. 68102. Find i 300 30 {14.33 foresee. is telling out how easy it is to borrow But the commission held out faint There no what greater 500 30 $23 55 by mail. No endorsers, no i hope that these devices would come into savings could be made over the long pull personal interviews. Details $ 800 36 $32.27 mailed in a plain envelope. {1000 36 539 65 general postal use under the annual ap- by businesslike management of the Post propriations system by which the Post Office." Office gets its money. To install them When it comes to a solution, the com- throughout the system would require a mission projects something like what fol- long-range plan, with money allocated lows. (We give you a skeleton, since the AcJdr< the start. commission went into great detail.) | ever a period of years from To date, such investment in improve- Let the Post Office be run by a gov- Present Monthly ments is unknown, as Congress OK's ex- ernment corporation, headed by a board Occupatic _ Salary $ penditures from year to year, the final of directors. Give it the power to borrow amount being a compromise with the money, to use its own income as it sees rest of the federal budget. fit, and to set postal rates. Free it from Small wonder that the businessmen present controlling laws that regulate its on the President's commission wrote internal management, and let it make its FALSE TEETH their report in a tone of exasperation. decisions the way a business would. Re- KLUTCH holds them tighter It just seems impossible to spend any quire it to pay its own way, and to break money to save money. They see some- even (hence once it got under way it KLUTCH forms a comfort cushion; holds dental plates so much firmer and snugger that one can eat thing more than a billion dollars a year wouldn't have to go to Congress for and talk with greater comfort and security; in many cases almost as well as with natural teeth. Klutch being wasted by a process that is also money) lessens the constant fear of a dropping, rocking, leading to a breakdown of our postal What would it do then? It would bor- chafing plate. ... If your druggist doesn't have Klutch. don't waste money on substitutes, but send services. A billion is roughly what Con- row money to start making the invest- us 10c and we will mail you a generous trial box. KLUTCH CO.. Dept. 907B, ELMIRA, N. Y. 14902 gress gives the Post Office out of the ments needed to mechanize its work. It Treasury every year, to make up its op- would install a management system hav- HYDRAULIC JACK REPAIRS erating deficit under the present wasteful ing both the restraints and the freedoms Earn You Learn In Your Spare Time While conditions. As the commission sees it, under which ordinary American corpo- Trained and qualified mechanics needed NOW to service inoperative hydraulic jacks. BIG opportunity for ambitious a timely investment in updating the Post rations flourish and keep up with the men. We show you HOW — in your basement or garage to earn spare time cash in an expanding industry. Don't wait, Office would save the whole amount times. ACT NOW! Get the facts. Write for folder No. A2, and free bonus offer. every year, if at the same time the hand- It would plainly spend much more cuffs were taken off the P.O.'s manage- money on many things. For instance, it \ Hydraulic Jack Repair Manual Co., Inc. P*"G.P.O. BOX 3 • ST ATE N ISLAND, N. Y. 10314 ment to keep it from sliding back into is obvious from the report that the com- the same rut. mission believes there are far too few IF YOU CAN SING, WHISTLE, OR HUM A TUNE... In so many words, the commission executives in the postal system to make you can play the Musical Saw. No notes to read, no musical knowledge requir- estimated savings thusly: "In our judg- it work well. Thus one supposes that if ed. Since 1921 we have furnished the entire world this unusual, sweet-toned ment, at least 20% of postal costs—well it did not increase the number of re- istrument. If you are 10 or 70, you play or no pay. Musical Saw, soft hammer, bow, offices it in- resin and lessons mailed on 5 days' trial. over a billion dollars a year at present gional from 15, then would Write today for details and free copyof "Sawing1 of the World," picturing successful saw musicians. MUSSEHL & WKSTPHAL.100 Fort St., Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. 53538. FREE \MTM TRAINED BOOK ' MAN Write today for a FREE copy or illustrated law book. "THE LAW-TRAINED MAN," which shows how to earn the professional Bachelor of Laws (LL.B.) degree through home study of the famous Blackstone Law Course: Books and lessons provided. Moderate cost; easy terms. Write now. Blackstone School of Law. 307 N. Michigan Ave. Founded 1890 Dept. 92 Chicago 1, Illinois HEAVY DUTY BALL-BEARING PUMP IRRIGATE • DRAIN • SPRAY • CIRCULATE • All metal, rust-proof XB. Stainless shaft. Use >/4 HP larger. 1 HP for up to 5,200 GPH 60' high j£5 1" il 3,000 GPH from 25' well. 1'/," inlet. outlet. For belt or direct drives. $12.95 Type P won't rust or clog. Hundreds of thousands in use. Up to 2,400 GPH. 1" " inlet. y4 outlet $8.95 P'pd. cash with order. Money Back Guarantee. LABAWCO. Box 56, Belle Mead, N. J. 08502 BRAND NEW BOOKLET REVEALS HOW TO LIVE BETTER, FOR LESS IN FLORIDA Gives lull facts on Florida mobile home living, its wonderful advantages. Learn how to enjoy the outdoors; fishing, boat- ing, sun bathing. Shows how to save thousands of dollars, gives tips for an easierlife.Send 10c to Florida Researchers, 'And it keeps your feet warm besides." 3132 Ponce de Leon Blvd., Coral Gables, Fla. 33134, Dept. 0. THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE 52 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 phase out many jobs when present career for California supermarkets mails his employees retire. It would break the third-class material from Hartford, Con- lock of the present rules on others, so necticut." that they could be moved about in the system and trained for different jobs. For all the eye-opener that it is. Given the power to set postal rates, there are three or four weaknesses the proposed corporation would proba- in the report of the President's Commis- bly raise the postage on a lot of the junk sion on Postal Organization. mail, and in general require most classes It takes up just everything that's not of mail to pay their own way. It would ideal in the postal system, and gives little also probably offer reduced rates for sense of what is more important than mail users who do some of the Post what. Finding $5 billion for a needed Office's work, such as presorting their shot in the arm seems to have neither mail, etc. The commission noted that more nor less importance than having many mail users are required to do such clean locker rooms. The commission things today but get no special break was plainly giving Congress an all-or- for it. nothing proposition. Its report is a sort Others who simply use the mails to of "do it our way or you are doomed" conduct profitable business get a consid- message. In fact, the commission said in "If we have to have an argument, is it too erable free ride on the taxpayers through so many words that in this day and age much to ask what it's about?" favorable postal rates that no longer are a Cabinet agency cannot possibly solve THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE justified as a public service, if they once the Post Office problems. A government were. corporation is the only solution. crease their staffs enormously so that The commission recommended that a This is poppycock, for if Congress they could each deal realistically with postal corporation should also put fences would will it (and that's what's needed) 2,200 post offices. around some present silly practices. Thus the Post Office could be modernized and Beyond that, the President's commis- it would probably require local advertis- streamlined while remaining an ordinary sion suggests that each of the present ing to be mailed locally, or pay a pre- government agency. When the old 552 Sectional Centers should become mium if it should be mailed from a dis- peacetime defense establishment was as local command units for the post offices tance. Today it costs no more to send much of a stepchild in Congress as the they serve. The Sectional Centers, today, some of this stuff across the country Post Office now is, it suffered all the dis- are local mail distribution offices that than it does to mail it locally. Says the eases of the P.O. today. But today the serve clusters of other post offices but commission, "Taking advantage of this Defense Department (because Congress have no authority over them. Today . . . a major mailer of local advertising {Continued on page 54) there is only one command step between your local post office and the Postmaster General's office—that's the regional di- WE'LL BET YOU $20.00* rector. An army of 7 1 6,000 couldn't op- erate that way, with nothing but division On The Grand Prix TR 516 hq between a company and the Defense Department. To make something akin Day and Date Calendar to regimental headquarters of the 552 Sectional Centers, and staff them with executives who are close enough to local BIG, HANDSOME, RUGGED, TOUGH post offices to know their problems, and The TR 516 is truly a man's watch built for the be concerned for them, has to make most rugged, active man who wants a time piece sense. What else does the commission that gives him the exact TIME, DAY and DATE when think a Postal Corporation would do, he needs it . . . without fail! given the power and the freedom? Built to give years of faithful performance, it shrugs It would institute training programs off the most severe jars and jolts. for its employees on a much larger scale, The handsome sculptured solid block hardened and because it would hire more execu- stainless steel case is impervious to hazards of tives it would offer better positions that water, moisture, extremes of heat or cold. they could aspire to. It would streamline Also features exclusive protection against dust, THE MAN'S hiring and firing, develop a better system shock and magnetism. of promotion through merit, encourage WATCH instead of depress the initiative and The result is a watch (fashioned exactly like the 5 $17.95 times the price version) that will share every adventure whether you race cars, brainpower of its employees. climb snow-capped mountains, fish, hunt, swim or play a game of strenuous Finally, it would mechanize and auto- golf! mate the postal service by the installa- A stainless steel GRAND TOURISMO Racing strap (adjustable) completes the tion of modern equipment, and it would streamlined look. maintain a research and development This watch is jeweled program to keep postal work up to date 17 and made by the world famous Swiss Rouan factory. Because of our enormous purchase we can bring you this watch at UNBE- with new techniques. LIEVABLE SAVINGS. In the end, it is clear, the commission would expect that such changes would "GUARANTEE. If after 30 days you do not believe this to be the most outstanding cost less. By getting away from needless Value Ever, We'll Refund $20.00 for your purchase. hand labor it would eventually reduce $17.95 2 YEAR GUARANTEE. the size of the postal work force, perhaps by many hundreds of thousands below COVENTRY DEPT. AL 269 'taK.*' the present 716,000. It would probably THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 53 1 WHAT'S WRONG WITH THE POST OFFICE? RAISE *50, MOO (Continued from page 53) even *500 has willed it) has virtually all of the tions, in the opinion of such officials. for your church or group things that the Post Office needs—mod- With these two reforms, the catalog of ern equipment and organization, mag- other postal ills could be swiftly reduced. I ship you on credit 200 nificent research and development pro- Such officials vastly prefer to consider assorted packages of in- spiring Prayer Grace grams, out-of-this-world planes, ships, the Presidential commission's recom- Napkins. Have 10 mem- rockets and other weaponry. And De- mendations to be a list of things that bers sell 20 5GY packages each. Keep $50 CASH, fense is a Cabinet agency. Congress should make happen in one send me $50. Mail post- NASA is a government agency, and way or another, rather than pin them card for free samples, de- samples tails. No obligation. if it can send men to orbit the moon, all to the sole proposition that an inde- sent at ANNA WADE, Dept. there is no reason on earth to say that pendent postal corporation must be 33HB, Lynchburg, Va. once 24505. if Congress wills it the Post Office, as created having all the powers that the a government agency, cannot be brought that ANNA WADE Dept. 33HB, Lynchburg, Va. 24505 commission recommended. Not out of the 19th century. In fact, if Con- they oppose such a corporation. Instead, gress doesn't will it, the Post Office will they feel Congress would never make not be updated either as a government such a surrender of its powers over the agency or as a government corporation. Post Office. So they fear that if it's an all When one talks to postal officials who or nothing proposition it might come are dying to get out of the mess, they out nothing. give first priority to a long-range mod- There are many reasons, some good, ernization program—mechanization and some not so good, for believing Congress automation throughout the postal sys- will never go that far. The postal tem. Marvin Watson, succeeding O'Brien workers' unions are opposed to being as Postmaster General in the last nine delivered entirely to a separate corpora- months of the Johnson Administration, tion, and to the philosophy of the Presi- drew up plans for the mechanization and dent's commission that the Post Office automation of all the major post offices, should be just a business operation. This in the expectation that Congress might would destroy the one morale factor that be talked into underwriting it, even if it buoys them up in all their miseries, they should refuse to give up all the controls say. Namely, that they are rendering a Your help goes where of the Post Office that a government cor- public service. poration would take from Congress. The postal unions are powerful lob- hunger is — — Give to "Give us a five-year plan to streamline bies, and made so by past and present CARE, New York 10016 our post offices. With the money guar- conditions. They have not been able to anteed from the start so we can plan bargain for salaries and other benefits instead of fumble, many of the other with the Post Office, because Congress lbeaTAX CONSULTANT] 1 will shrink in importance." sets scale, rights, etc. I!g problems the pay job Hence, stude ng lu ve fees full says one postal official. where other unions bargain with man- par ti e-offic isiness prepa ason. Many operate Second only to getting immediate agement, they lobby for their benefits profitable Business Tax Service with steady monthly fees of $10-S.",0. No bookkeeping experience neces- long-range funds to modernize the sys- with Congress and have grown strong sary. We train vou at home and help vou start. Licensed by NY. Education Dep't. No agent will call. Write for free literature. Accredited Member National tem is the freeing of postal management as lobbies. Home Study Council. Veteran Approved. NATIONAL TAX TRAINING SCHOOL. from its hidebound rules and regula- The special interests of some of the Monsey 17AB N. Y. 10952 The knife fo Guaranteed 1 1 10 Years! M r polished, ported stainless steel blade honed to a razor's edge. Rugged. Opens quickly —locks into position. VWt Blade will not close when in , » use. Press button in handle to close. Safety linger guard. Sure-grip handle. Balanced for rget throwing. IF BROKEN WITHIN lO YEARS WE WILL REPLACE AT NO CHARGE! Use 30 days. Money back if not pleased. Only $1.98 plus $.27 postage and ndling. ORDER NOW! Midwest Knife Co.. 9043 S. Western Ave.. Dept. RC157. Chicago, 111. 60020. Established 1936. 1,400,000 AMERICANS ARE CURED OF CANCER 'It was like this ... my wife put a penny in the slot, then stepped on . THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE 54 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 — story on the line, leaving it to the poli- ticians to fashion the wand. What the Post Office needs right now is the application of political genius by the Administration and Congress to Secrets of Teaching bring off most of the commission's rec- ommendations in some new frame that Yourself MUSIC makes them possible and more palatable Revealed in Your Home This Money-Saving Way politically. And we may have it. YES! Now you can teach yourself to play Piano, Guitar, ANY instrument in your spare time- When President-elect Richard M. even if you've never played a note in your life! Nixon named Winton M. (Red) Blount, Famous proven Course makes it simple as A-B-C. Pictured lessons show you how. No teacher. Sur- of Alabama, to be his Postmaster Gen- prise your friends by playing favorite music. Send name, address, zip and age today for FREE ill"«- eral, said: "I think have Nixon we come trated booklet. U.S. SCHOOL OF MUSIC, Studio ft462, to a time in history when the postal Port Washington, N. Y. 11050. (Est. 1898. Approved N. Y. State Educa. Dept.) Tear out as a reminder. service is so big, and when the problem of getting our mail delivered on time has become so acute that we need to FREE bring modern business techniques into CATALOG S the Post Office service . . . when I asked (Blount) to take this position at great • BANQUET/ MEETING FURNITURE • TENNIS TABLES financial sacrifice he agreed to do so • COAT/HAT RACKS only if I promised that I would back "So you see, if I gave you the money and him in his efforts to modernize the Post Adirondack you took it to Brazil, you would further ." 1 Office. . . I" ,v' 276-0 Park Ave. So.; N.Y.C. 10010 ' weaken the United States by adding to the Del"* One of the things the President's com- already serious drain on our gold re- Shipping Points — PITTSBURGH • CHICAGO serves." mission complained of was the habit in BOSTON • DALLAS • ATLANTA • LOS ANGELES the past of making the Postmaster Gen- THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE eral a political workhorse for the Presi- I BOUGHT A NEW $3,800 CAR WITH THE EXTRA dent's party rather than a full-time postal purely commercial junk mail users in MONEY I MADE IN PART TIME L0CKSMITHING. director. On this, Nixon said: "I have You can say that, after you learn pro- preserving the free ride they get on the fessional locksmithing at home in ac- taxpayers with their below-cost mailing given the entire responsibility for pro- credited course! T. G. of Illinois made $642 while learning, J. K. of Texas viding better postal service to Red privileges would be imperiled by the $250. Make big money — full or part ." time. Course includes tools, supplies. commission's plan. The commission in- Blount. . . FREE BOOKLET. No salesman will tended it that way. but the junk mail Meanwhile, late in December, the call. LOCKSMITHING INSTITUTE Free Book! Dept. 1221-029, Little Falls, N.J. 07424 users can be counted on to exert all the Wall Street Journal reported that out- pressure possible on Congress to fore- going Postmaster General Marvin Wat- stall creation of a corporation that could son had prepared a final postal reform LEARN make them pay their fair share. There report for President Johnson's last mes- MEAT CUTTING their sage on the subject, and had also passed is nothing subtle about some of in quickly in 8 short weeks at Toledo a bright future with security in vital pressures, as they may go the limit of it on to Nixon and Blount, by whom, meat business. Big pay, full-time jobs HAVE A PROFITABLE MARKET OP lobbying methods. said the Journal, it had been "favorably YOUR OWN! Time payment plan avail- able. Diploma given. Job help. Thou- received." wf- sands of successful graduates. OUR 4r>th If that's one angle of the existing YEAR! Send now for big new illustrated atal obligation. G.I. Approved. special postal rates, there's no guarantee The Watson plan was said to have NATIONAL SCHOOL OF MEAT CUTTING Dept. A-15. Toledo, Ohio 43604 that a government corporation with al- bought almost the entire commission re- most independent powers to set postal port, with one notable exception. Name- rates, and to decide what services should ly, that in creating a separate board or BASEMENT TOILET corporation to manage the Post Office, and should not be offered, would not be FLUSHES with the freedom to use good sense and UP capable of vast mischief of its own. to sewer or septic tank budget its money, the head of the There is serious danger that by applying own no digging up floors. a purely business rationale it could jus- outfit would be the Postmaster General, WRITE , . . McPHERSON, INC. tify postal rates and practices that would and he would remain in the Cabinet. BOX 15133 TAMPA, FLA 33614 be as partial to some and as damaging Said the Journal: "Postal officials be- to others as the present system. In that lieve members of Congress, whose ap- case the aggrieved would have far less proval will be required for any postal 25c SAMPLE ($1 Retail) Make up to $10 an hour in your spare recourse to a hearing in Congress than reorganization, would view the project time just showing this amazing little invention that threads a needle sim- ply by pressing a button. Show it to they have now. There's no escaping that in a kinder light if the postal chief re- women (men, too) and watch them srrab it out of your hands for only such a corporation, if entirely free of mains in the Cabinet, thereby giving 1 .0(). No sales experience needed. INTRODUCTORY OFFER: Rush political control, would vastly dilute the Congressmen an inside route to the 25e for sample or S3 for 1 doz. iii 3'COlor store display carton, and nmnev making Post Office as a public institution. White House on postal matters." facts, plus other self -selling moneymakers, Congress is not apt to surrender to If some compromise is not worked UNIQUE PRODUCTS, Dept. T 4592 216 W. Jackson Blvd.. Chicago. III. 60606 a corporation the powers its members out along these lines soon, the Presi- have long enjoyed to name postmasters dent's commission warned that the whole and dispense other political favors. If it works might blow up in Congress' face is an inefficient system, it is a jealously some fine morning, with a nationwide KEEP FREEDOM guarded political one. It is always naive pile-up of motionless mail such as our IN YOUR FUTURE of an outside commission to make rec- cartoonist depicted on the opening pages ommendations on government that at- of this article. The commission agreed WITH tempt to dispose of political considera- with ex-Postmaster General O'Brien's tions as if with a wand. But perhaps the warning that as of now the Post Office U. S. SAVINGS BONDS commission did its part in laying the sad is in "a race with catastrophe." the end THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 55 PERSONAL Personal Finance Advice. rSrSHOPPER Facts About Flu. Housing: Trend Is Upward. In beginning your 1969 housekeeping records and paperwork, it will pay you to remember the following: SOCIAL SECURITY: Have you checked up to see whether your account is in order? Remember that there's a statute of limitation on errors (three years, three months and 15 days after the end of each taxable year). The Social Security people say you should inquire about your earnings record from time to time by sending in Form 7004 (a pre-addressed postcard, ob- GIANT PHOTO ALBUM holds up to 200 tainable from pictures. No glue or corner holders needed. any Social Security district office). This is an especially good Press clear protective page down on pic- idea if you have made some job changes. ture and self-sticking page holds it in place. Opens to 19" x 12". Richly padded FEDERAL INCOME TAXES: No matter what the state of your records vinyl cover; big spiral binding. $3.98 ppd. (2 for $6.95). Colonial Studios, Dept. PAE- or finances, always file a tax return on time. That's the sure way to stay out 17, 20 Bank St., White Plains, N.Y. 10606. of trouble. If adjustments have to be made later on, the penalty— if any—is likely to be small. But if you get involved in fraud or willful evasions, you can be clipped very severely—up to five years in the pen plus a $10,000 fine. YOUR WILL: First of all, be sure that you have one, professionally pre- pared by a lawyer. Next, keep it up to date, because the list of your heirs and the nature of your estate will change from time to time (most people, incidentally, are richer than they think). But if you want to change your will, do it by 1) executing a brand new one, or 2) adding a codicil to the existing one. Don't make erasures or amateur inserts. Legally, this won't change the original will, and—worse yet—could provoke lawsuits later on. Now that flu is all over the headlines, how dangerous is it? The answer depends on your age and what shape you're in. If you're FRENCH PERFUMES, bottled, sealed and under 65 and fairly healthy, chances are that you'll be laid low for maybe packaged in France. Ten perfumes, not three to five days, and that's about all there is to it. On the other hand, old colognes, come in purse-toting flacons at- tractively packaged in a festive tri-color people—especially those already suffering from a debilitating disease—may box. These alluring scents have been se- lected to please every taste. A box of 10 develop flu this pneumonia when attacks them, and can be serious (indeed costs just $4.95 ppd. Niresk Industries, fatal). Inc., Dept. PFP-8, 210 South DesPlaines St., Chicago, III. 60606. No real cure for the malady is known. Bed rest is the usual treatment. As for vaccines, there's a lot of medical debate over their effectiveness. Never- theless, it's simply a good precaution for those in high-risk groups to get flu shots. MAGNIFYING GLASSES Here's the recommended vaccine timetable: You need two standard flu shots (unless you've had a booster since 1963, in which case one will suffice); for the new A/2 Hong Kong vaccine, a single shot (but be prepared for possible side reactions). * * After several comparatively slow years, housing construction is going to For Folks Over 40 shift into high gear in 1969 and hit a 1.7 million-unit clip. Next year might A Blessing book, recipes, see a new record with 2 million units. Read newspaper, telephone Bible, and do close work easily. Goodlook- Whether you're building, buying or selling, note these aspects of the ing stylish amber frames. Wear like regular current housing market: glasses, SEE CLEARER INSTANTLY. • Prices are high and promise to stay that way. One reason, of course, is Not Rx or for astigmatism or diseases of the eye. 10 Day Home Trial. Send age, that there's a big pent-up demand. Another is rising building costs. A third sex. SATISFACTION GUARANTEED. is that houses are growing ever more spacious and elaborate. On arrival pay postman only $4, plus • Mortgage rates likewise are high and likewise will stay that way. You C.O.D or send $4, and we pay postage. can figure on a rate of 7.2% or better for the months ahead. On the other PRECISION OPTICAL CO. Dept. 34-B, Rochelle, III. 61068 hand, money will be considerably more plentiful—which probably will reduce down payments. 212 BRITISH COLONIES 250! • Investment in a home means that you are acquiring an asset which is appreciating on the average of maybe 8% per year—a pretty spectacular gain. While this may make the investment safe enough, it does not, of course, mean that a house automatically is a profit-making proposition. The reason is simple: If you dispose of your present home at a profit, you'll probably hand the gain over to the fellow who sells (or rents) you your A fortunate purchase permits us to offer a "Best next dwelling. Buy" of 212 all different colorful British Empire stamps. This especially made collection, guar- Here's a product considered "hot" in marketing circles: anteed to have a standard catalogue value in 1) Liquid Tire Chain (Dow Chemical, $1.29 a can). It's a resin in a solvent excess of $4.50, will be sent for only 25# to which you spray on rear tires of snow-trapped cars to get them unstuck. serious collectors to introduce our superior ap- —By Edgar A. Grunwald provals. Write today. D. M. Darling & Co., Dept. AL, Rockville, Md. 20850 56 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 500 RETURN ADDRESS LABELS ' NASA SPACE PEN ™ SHOPPER j 50C I / WRITES 100 YEARS USE YOUR "ZIP" CODE RICH GOLD TRIM $ FREE PLASTIC BOX ONLY 3.95 Quick and handy way to put your name and return Developed for NASA astronauts, address on letters, checks, books, records, etc. this amazing pen writes smoothly, name, address and Zip code up to 4 lines, ANY evenly, dependably even over beautifully printed in black on white gummed grease, even up-side down! Sealed labels with rich gold trim. About 2" long. Free cartridge has estimated shelf life ST0RA6E CAR VACUUM plastic box for purse or desk. Set of 500 labels 3 ACCESSORIES years. it away, for- CASE km just 50(J postpaid. Shipped within 48 hrs. Money of over 100 Put — in- back if not pleased. Don't know the Zip Code? get it it'll write again the CAR VACUUM. Plugs into car cigarette Add 100 per set and we will look it up. Send for stant you use it. Gas pressurized lighter. Extra long card lets you reach free catalog. principle defies gravity, writes at every corner. Compactly styled, uses mini- 3342 Dra |, e Building any angle, lets you write even lying mum storage space. Includes handy case Walter Drake Colorado Springs, Colo, 80901 that holds vacuum and accessories. Com- flat on your back in bed. Won't plete with 3 interchangeable heads. $9.95 leak or evaporate. 3 times the ink ppd. Dynamic Classics, Ltd., Dept. AL, supply of ordinary ball pens. Ap- 4 East 46 St., N.Y., N.Y. 10017. proved in NASA labs. A real con- versation piece; perfect gift. For school, home, office, purse. In elegant silver finish, not $10, not $5, but only $3.95; 2 for $6.95; 6 for $18; 12 for $33. *An excellent fund-raising item! Money back if not delighted. Send check or money order. multi-colored YOURS almost as a gift! Complete set of 12 FREE CATALOG! Add 10% for for only 10c — worth far Guinea Snake Research stamps postage, handling and insurance more at regular prices. Here's your chance to fill those blank album spaces with large size, beautiful stamps showing JAY NORRIS CORP. rare and dangerous reptiles from this far-off republic. Dept. AK-2,31 Hanse Ave., shop-by-mail service of fine stamp selec- Introduces our Freeport, N.Y. 11520 tions to examine. Buy any or none, cancel service any- time. PLUS bargain lists, free gifts. Sorry, limit of 1 order per collector. RUSH 10c today. GARCEL0N STAMP CO., AL2C, Calais, Maine 04619 SLIDE RULE TIE BAR. Really works. Choice of sterling silver or gold plate. Matching cuff links have same design but no work- ing parts. Sterling silver tie bar or cuff links, $2.69 each; gold-plated tie bar or cuff links, $1.00 each. All items shipped postpaid. Order from Walter Drake, AL-73A NOW! get 3 Drake Bldg., Colorado Springs, Colo. 80901. REAL OLD TABLE & CHAIR CATALOG FROM 1 LINCOLN CENTS --for only 104 MONROE Buy quality ban- I This section is presented as a ser- Only 10 4 brings you 3 old Lincoln pennies — America's most sought-after coin. quet equipment 1 1918. (Only one set to a cus- vice to readers and advertisers. All 1929S, 1916, at direct - from- m For all 3 Lincoln coins, plus free tomer.) factory prices. catalog illustrating coins and supplies, M products are sold with a money- plus selections of coins from our approval WRITE TODAY! J0$ service returnable without obligation, send 10 NOW! 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Ben Bercor NO TWO WAYS ABOUT IT A skier named Freddie McFee Insists that in learning to ski Your right foot must know Where your left foot will go When you are approaching a tree. Fuoene McAllister PATIENT WITH THE SHORTS Anyone who thinks the miniskirt is new never wore a hospital gown. A. D. MlLLHAM MID-SUNDAY MADNESS My wife is a vixen She thinks all men dolts As she tries to compete With the Baltimore Colts. She speaks of the neighbors Walks in front of the set Unsportsmanlike conduct She'll draw from me yet. Charles D. Solloway, jr. HAUNTING THOUGHT "Boy, you gave me a start!' Resident ghost: Spooker of the house. S. S. BlDDLE THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE DEVOTED He never argues with his wife He laughs when things aren't funny PETRIFIED TOURISTS He never speaks an unkind word The sight-seeing bus from Fresno to Sequoia National Park wound He loves her— for her money. around many hairpin curves. After successfully negotiating a particularly R. G. Epperson sharp curve, the bus driver jauntily pulled over to the side of the road. "Well, this is a new twist," he declared, as he glanced at his terror stricken EUPHORIA passengers. "I'm taking a load of tourists into living forest!" petrified a Anybody who is well adjusted these Ron Greer days probably isn't paying attention. Franklin P. Jones "PROBLEMS" The mayor met the principal of the toughest school in the town. The principal was obviously downcast, and the mayor asked the reason for his dark mood. "School's been open only a few weeks," the educator explained, "and already we've had 39 dropouts!" < => "That's not too bad," the mayor said. "After all, you're in the roughest part of town." "It's not the kids," replied the principal. "Thirty-eight of the 39 drop- outs were teachers!" Lucille J. Goodyear WHAT KID? The psychiatrist turned to the unruly child's mother and advised: "I will see Bobby in two weeks; meanwhile, you need help also. You are upset about the boy, so I suggest that you take one of these tran- quilizers each day until I see you again." Two weeks later the mother brought the youngster back. "How is Bobby getting along?" the psychiatrist asked. The mother shrugged. "I just shook his hand and he got "Who cares?" was her nonchalant reply. sick!" F. G. Kern an THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE 58 THE AMERICAN LEGION MAGAZINE • FEBRUARY 1969 YOUR ELEGANT 25 JEWEL SWISS WATCH MAILED FROM SWITZERLAND AT HUGE FACTORY-TO -YOU SAVINGS ! 25 Jewels Your Choice E or F $19.95 ILLUSTRATIONS ARE ACTUAL SIZE. - ALL WATCHES ARE HANDSOMELY GIFT-BOXED. E. SHARK SKINDIVER. 25 HILTON SWISS TIMEPIECES ARE BETTER BECAUSE EVERY MOVEMENT HAS THESE VITAL FEATURES: jewel, Waterproof tested to PRECISION 25 FUNCTIONAL JEWELS - for unerring accuracy. SHOCK-PROTECTED - for resistance to jars and knocks. 600 feet. St/steel case has ANTI-MAGNETIC - for protection against electric impulses. 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