1913, OONGRESSION AL RECORD-HOUSE. 5801

001'.TFIRMATIONS. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin asks unani­ Execrttit:e nominations confinneFLORIDA. somewhat similar to the table of contents that appears on the first page of the Daily Con ular Report? For Instance. tbey could ~ive the Thomas J. Wei:rrnr, Mayo. first page on which the proceedings of the Hou e and Senate begm. and, most important, the page on which one could find the title of the TEXAS. longer E'peeches of the various Members, or the subject that are under Bettie Jackson, Stratford. special consideration For example. if one wanted to follow dii::cusslon!:l of the recent tariff bill, it was difficult to get at thnt: and we bave John G. Oltorf, Marlin. spent hours of good time in trying to locate things In the RECORD W ASIIING'ION. which have been referred to incidentally in the new papers. A good table of contents would enable one to tell at a dance whc>re to find a n. A. Belvail, Palouse. particular speech or get at the discussion on a particular subject. Thomas J. Quirt, Blaine. I do not know how this would affect the use of the REcoun for Mem­ bers of Cong:ress. bat it certainly would improve its u. e to the gennal public very much, and we would be glad to have you take what steps are nece. sary to bring this about. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. The American Library Association bas a committe on public docu­ ments. of which I bappen to be a member. and it ls the opinion of the l\foNDAY, members of the committee that sometbln.i:i: of this kind is moi;t degir­ October 27, 1913. able. If yoa think it worth while. I am sure that the American Library Association, an organization that repre en ts t !e library inter­ The House met at 12 o'clock noon. ests of the country. would indorse this action requestrng ConO'res to Tpe Chaplain, Rev. Henry N. Couden, D. D., offered the fol­ have such a table of contents if for no other reason tllan for tbe con­ lowing prayer : venience of the users of the RECORD in tbe libraries. Tbe RECORD con­ tains an immense amount of very valuable information on different· We come to Thee with joy and gladness, 0 God our Father, things which one can not get elsewhere. and the table of contents would for the manifold blessings and tender mercies vouchsafed unto certa.inly help to make it more useful to the country at large, and, I us now and for the hopes and promises of the future. Help believe, to the Members of Congre s also. I understand that this matter is being taken up w1tb other Congress­ us to praise and magnify Thy holy name by living to the high­ men by persons interested in otber States. and you wlll no doubt find est idea1s, following ever in the wake of Him who exemplified that if yon start something of this sort you will J?et Rome active co­ in His life and character the highest manhood and revealed the opei·ation. We ourselves are writing to our Representatives and Sena­ tors on this matter. loving heart of the Father unto all men, that we may be Yours, very truly, M. S. DUDGEO!'f, Secretary. Christians not only in name, but in fact, and our praise shall PUBLICATION AS A HOUSE DOOUMENT OF TWO ADDRESSES OF THE be Thine forever. Amen.' The Journal of the proceedings of Friday, October 24, 1913, FIBST ASSISTANT POSTMASTER OENEBAL ( H. DOC. NO. 261). was read and approved. Mr. AIKEN. Ur. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to have printed in the RECORD and also as a public document two short INCOME-TAX REGULATIONS (H. DOC. NO. 270). addresses dellYered recently by the distinguished Fir t Assist­ Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker, I am informed that the Treasury ant Postmaster General, Hon. D. C. Roper--one at Denver o.nd Department is issuing to-day Treasury income-tax regulations. one at Baltimore. . I a k unanimous consent that they may be printed as a House The SPEAKER. The gentleman from South Carolina [Mr. document and that, in addition to the usual number, there AIKEN] asks unanimous consent to have printed in the CONGRES­ shall be printed 100,000, 80.000 for the folding room and 20,000 SIONAL RECORD and also as a public document two short speeches for the document room. The cost will be less than $500. made by Hon. Daniel C. Roper, the First Assistant Postmaster Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, Geuera.1-- how many will that give each individual Member here in the Mr. AIKEN. .Mr. Speaker, I do not know whether I made House? myself clear. I asked to have these addresses also printed as 11 Mr. MANN. Well, I do not know. I have not computed the public document. 80,000 among 435 Members. The SPEAKER. And shall be printed as a public documentr l\fr. HARDWICK. Mr. Spenker, reserving the right to object, Is there objection? . I would like to ask the gentleman if he has an estimate of Mr. SHARP. Mr. Speaker, resernng the right to object, may what that will cost? I nsk the gentleman on what lines were these speeches made? Mr. MANN. Five hundred dollars will print 101,000 copies. Mr. AIKEN. The one at Denver was on the subject of postal Mr. HARDWICK. The gentleman, I presume, has not been policies and problems and the one at Baltimore was on the able to see the chairman of the Committee on Printing. subject of rural postmasters. Mr. MANN. No; I have not. I just got the data this morn­ The SPEAKER. Is t'here objection? How many copies does ing. Everybody wants them. the gentleman desire to ha>e printed? The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Illinois [Mr. MANN] Mr. AIKEN. The usual number under the $500 limit would asks unanimous consent that the regulations to be printed print about 54,000. to-day by the Treasury Department in relation to the collection l\fr. l\IANN. The usual number is 1.40(). of the income tax shall be printed as a House document ro the The SPEAKER. Is there objection? number of 100.000, 80,000 cop~es for the folding room and Mr. HARDWICK. Mr. Speaker, I do not desire to object, but 20,000 copies for the document room. Is there objection? I want to present a request for unanimous consent-- [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. The SPEAKER. Is there objection? [After a pause.] The WITHDRAW AL OF BILL. Chair hears none, and it is so ordered. The addresses above referred to are as follows: Mr. CARY. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a question of personal pr1Y"liege. I would like to ask unanimous consent that the bill POSTAL POLICIHS AND PROBLEMS. H. R. 3899, to amend the pure-food law, and purporting to An address before the Sixteenth Annual Ccnvention of the National Association of Postm&ster of the First Class, at Denver, Colo .. July have been introduced by me, be withdrawn. I did not introduce 31, 1913, by Daniel C. Roper, First Assistant Postmaster General. the bill and I do not know bow my name became attached to it. Mr. President and members of the National Association of Post­ The SPEAKER. What is the number of the bill? masters at First-Class Offices, I regard it as botb a plea ure and a Mr. CARY. H. R. 3899. privilege to look into the faces of this large number of men. so impor­ tant to the welfare of our country. It is a pleasure becnu of that The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. CA.BY] interest in a common cause which naturally prompts ympathy and asks unanimous consent that the bill H. R. 3899, which has makes wondrous kind those struggling with like problem and responsi­ bilities. It ls a privilege for me to be hel'e, because the occasion en­ his name attached to it. be withdrawn from the files of the ables me to make your acquaintance and to exchange viewR as to the House because he did not introduce it. Is there objection? best way to meet the responsibilities with which we are mutually and [After a pause.] The Chair hears none. cooperatively cbarJ?ed. You nre peculiarly fortunate in the selection of the "Queen City of INDEXING THE RECORD. the Plains' for this convention. Denver's growth bas measured time with that of the postal service. This city began its career by the Mr. CARY. Mr. Speaker, I also ask unanimous consent to erection of a log cabin In October. 1857, on what is now tb corner ot E>..xtend my remarks in the RECORD by printing a letter in regard Eleventh and Wewatta Streets, and then it was that the postal service. without the aid of steam power, was struggling to cross this continent! to indexing the CoNGHESSIONAL RECORD, which I think might be and bring the tidings of treasures newly discovered in the bosom of yonder of information to us all. majestic mountains. To recount the steps in the history of the devel- 5802 CONGRESSION.AL RECORD-HOUSE. O CTOBER 27, opment of this western country is to present a record as Interesting as for the positions which they bold. On tbe other hand, successors will a fairy tale. Denver, with a popula_tion of less than 5.000 in 1870, had be promptly appointed for those who do not measure up to the standard. about 213.000 at tbe census of 1910, and to-day within the confines of this beautiful city there are not less than a quarter of a million souls. ASSISTANT POSTMASTEFS. How powerle. s we are to give advance interpretation of the latent In this connection I wish to say that the department's attention is forces of nature and the dynamics of men in action! frequently called to the fact that assistant po tmasters in some instances It is interesting to recall that in 1835, during the discussion of a do not perform duties commensurate with th.:i importance of their posi­ measure in the United States Senate to establish a post route from tions and the salary they receive. The assistant postmaster is the next I ndeprndence. Mo.. to the mouth of the Colo~ado River, the learned highest paid man in the office, and although in the absence of the post­ Daniel Webster closed bis speech in opposition with the following master he is the directin~ bead of the office, his regular duties should lan_g-nal!;e: be more than nominal and he should take an active part in the manage­ " What do we want with this vast worthless area; this re_gion of ment of the office and be ever on the alert for opportunities to improve savages and wild bea ts, of deserts, shifting sands. and whirlwinds of methods and draw up slack. · dust; of cactus and prairie dogs? To wb:.:t use can we hope to put ADUINISTRATIVE SUPERVISIO'.\'. these great deserts or those endless mountain ranges, imposing and A number of complaints were received at the department recently covered to their very base with eternal snow ? What use have we for with respect to the service in one of the large cities, and upon investi­ such country? Mr. President. I will never vote one cent from the gation it was found that none of the supervisory officers in the post Public Treasury to place the Pacific coast one inch nearer to Boston office was on duty during the hours of heaviest mail receipts. This con­ than it now is." dition has since been remedied, and complaints of poor service at that I can safely venture that were Mr. Webster to return to earth and office have r.eased. accompany me on this we tern trip be would confess in chagrin that in To render efficient service to the public it is necessary that the mails no expression made during bis long career as a public speaker was be be distributed promptly. As all of you know. the quantity of mail wider or the mark. varies during the day, the incoming mail depending to a large extent on A comparison o( the present conditions in this locality with those the arrival of trains. yet in the memory of persons in this audience tax the credulity of those To perform the distribution promptly it is necessary that the force who have not kept informed as to these remarkable developments. It shall have proper supervision at all tlmes. The superintendents and was on :\fay 7, 1R1'9. that the firRt mail reached Denver through the asl'1 tant superintendents of mails should be experts tn the distribution. pos.tal service. brought by the overland coach of the Leavenworth & delivery, and dispatch of both registered and ordinary tnails. It has Pikes Peak Express Co., brin~ing the mail as express matter. on which been found that the tours of duty of this clnss of employees in many t he charge was 25 cents for each letter. Tbe distance then from Leaven­ instances are from 8 a. m. to 5 p. m., and during the evening, when the worth, YA.ns, to Denver was 687 miles, and required at that time 10 largest volume of mall is being handled and supervi~ion most needed, days. What a wonderful revolution a half century has brought. Con­ the work is supervised by a foreman or a clerk. Commercial bou es give si<'lerably more than 100 trains now enter and depart from Denver daily, the closest supervision to their business during the rush hours, and cal'1'ying approximately 60 tons of mail matter for as cultured, refined, there is every good reason why this rule should prevail in post offices. and hospitable people as can be found on God's green earth. While the h<'urs of the superintendent and bis asRistant should not be arbitrarily fixed, It is believed that their hours of duty should be o NEW POSTAL ADlll'.\'ISTRATION. arranged that either the superintendent or one of his assistants will be Marked political change have come in the management of our execu­ on duty at all times. tive departments since you last met in annual convention, and it Is a great compliment to onr form of government that such important transi­ CLERKS A.ND CARRIERS. tions in mana~ement have not disturbed tbe operations of tbe machinery Clerks and carriers enter the service at a salary of$ 00 per annum, and or weakened tn tbe sllg-htest d «>JITee the effectlvene s of daily rel'ults. are promoted annually on their service record through the varions g-rades The new adrniniRtration has already been tested and the wii:;dom of the until they reach the salary of $1.100 at first-class office and $1,000 at people as expres ed at the polls last November fully confirmed. Since second-class offices, after which their promotions depend to a grea tel' t he day of bis nomination at Baltimore there bas been an ever-increasing extent upon their exceptional efficiency. It is believed that in many confidence in the fitness. courage, good judgment, and stead.fastness for instances postmasters. through sympathy or other motives, recommend the promotion of clerks and carriers who have not measured up to the tbe right of Woodrow Wilson. proper standard. This Is very discouraging to tho e ,,·ho have rende1·ed The wonderful proportions to which our postal service bas grown and satisfactory service, as nothing could be more detrimental to the serv­ It" increasing importance made the s ~lect1on of the directing head of ice than to have the employee who lacks interest and lngs bt>hind receive this great organization an act of vital importance to t be ;A.mer1can biR promotion as promptly as he who renders genuinely faithful and people. On the vast army of postal employees depends the mamtenance effectual service. The department wishes to encourage clerks to become and development of our commerce and the protection and advancement expert distributers. as this will better fit them for the higher positions, of Amei1can citizens ip It Is a mainstRy to the business and social and In making recommendations for promotions, all othe1• Lbin/?S being life of onr people. Some of the Federal departments are in touch with equal, the expert distributer should be given the preference. In some n part of tbe people some of the time, and other d<>partments are In instances postmasters recommend their private secretaries or those in touch with all of the people part of tbe time, but the Post Office Depart­ their Immediate executive offices for promotion to the hig;her positions, ment serves all of the people all of the time. forgetting that the distributers and supervisory officers, whose duties are An idf'al man to clirect and contrOI this great department was found more arduous and who are i·equired to study their scheme:!! of distri- In tbe perRon of Hon. Albert S. Burleson as Postmaeter General. His bution, are deserving of first con lderation. . . . experience in p 1hlic life. his indefatigable ener!!y, good judgment, and The efficiency of clerks depends to a large extent on their fam1har1ty coura"'e in execution el'prcially eqnip bim for thiR most imµo rtant posi­ with their schemes of distribution. In many instances substitutes tion. °From him I brin~ to you deep interest in this convention of post­ are appointed and permitted to serve for years before taking a ca e mast s now endeavoring to find the mecca of truth in the solution of examination. They therefore become careless In this respect, remain postal problems, and the assurance tba~ be looks forward with confi­ indifferent, and do not make efficient clerks. Clerks a nd carrlera dence to yonr givln~ t o the people durmg the ensuing year a postal should be required to familiarize themselves with the Postal Laws sen·ice of the maximum efficiency at the minimum of cost. It is the and Regulations. The department is now preparing a manual of purpm;e to give to the country 100 cents of value for every dollar spent instructions covering the subjects with which they come in dally by the department. contact, and when it is completed and distributed It should be the EFFICTil:'.l

under this opinion no payment can be made to supervisory officers if he bas but the ~nergy and thrift to avail himself of the opporhmity. for overtime. Tbe department, however, in the interest of fairness The farmer need upplies from the neie:hborin~ towns and villages. to all of the employees, has decided to extend the benefits of this Many of them live at a considerable distance from the country store. mea ure in so far as the hours of duty are con·cerned to the supe1·­ and at certain seasons of the year their time is valuable. \\Ith the vlsory employees wherever possible, and postmasters have been in­ mail carrier passing his !!"ate daily deliverin;i parcels of 20 pounds. the structed to arrange their schedules accordingly. This is an act of farm and household needs can be supplied at a fraction of the cost of a Congress, and the postmasters most therefore make every effort to personal trip to town. enfoi·ce it properly. As a basis for a study of the conditions existing in the s<>rvice with SECO:N'D-CLASS MATTER. re?:ard to the delivery of parcel-post packa!?es. tbe department had a . The department has by a circular letter recently directed your atten­ careful record made at 50 of tbe most important post offices of the t10 n to the importance of the prompt dispatch and delivery of second­ countrv for a period of six da:ni. from the 14th to t he lOtb of April, class .mail, particularly daily newspapers. Many of these publications last. The reports from these oflic0s showed a wide range in the meth­ contam market quotations and other commercial data which are used ods employed. and consequently in the dei?:ree of economy 0xercised. frequently as the basis of the subscriber's daily busine s operations, and It ~as bro~ght out that the co t per packa)?e for delivery by motor the value of this information is lost if it is unduly delayed in transit. vehicles va1:1ed from 1~ cents to nearly 15 cents in one or two extreme Where daily papers are weighed at the offices ot publication, clerks as­ cases. Delivery by horse-drawn vehicles showed a variation of from signed to this duty should report at the respective offices of publication 1 ce?t to about 5 cents per packaire. Evidently the yalue of the pro­ at an hour tbat will allow si::fficient time to complete the weighing and verbial Democratic mule is vet appreciated in this i:;ervice. Acting upon insure the dispatch of the papers on the proper train. Daily newspapers the cue afforded by tbe conditions revealed at these 50 offices. experts "'.hirh are not sent direct from the office of publication to railroad have been put into the field with the dutv of visiting first those offices depots for dispatch, but are mailed at the post office, should receive where the most economical results are shown. and then pnsslng on to prompt attention, so as to insure their dispatch by the same train as offices where re ults appear to be extravagant and unsatisfnctor.v. The letter mail for the same address. Where papers are distributed in offices results, when finaJly dige:;::ted. wm be brought to the attention of other ot publication, postmasters should cooperate with the publishers in postmasters by a series of circulars. keeping their mailing galleys corrected to date and properly arranged. PROPER WRAFPI It would be unfair to censure of the postal officials to bold It within proper business bounds. the clerk in ~be New York office for sending a package of e~gs through The advantage over private carriers of can·ying parcels by the postal the pneumatic tube with somewhat disastrous results when tbere was establishment is apparent. The postal &ervice is universal while the nothing on the wrappPT to indi<'a te its contents. • exprei;;s companies and other private carriers are limited In fbeir capac­ J?re.akage ?r mishandling by postal employees is quite another matter. ity . 11articularly to the extent of their routes of transportation. The rr: h ~s. 1s of vita! Importance, since It is not so easy to shift the respon­ United States mail goes everywhere throughout the length and. breadth s1b1hty. Cons1derrng tbe numbe r of piec0s now iroing throngb tbe of the land. It P.enetrates the rural sections, the mountains, the thickly mails, the mann~r in which many of them are wrapped. and tile char­ settled commumties, and the sparsely populated regions alike, ooing acter of the eqmpment in use in the service. It i somewhat surpri ing • •where there are no e:rpress offices ancl where none wUZ ever be estab­ that the percentaJ.?"e of lost and damae:ed parcels is so small. We should lished. not bide behind tbis showing, however. and trv to persuade the pnblic In considering the establishment and maintenance of a postal facility that they are already getting considerable for their money. but we in the United States we must not lose sight of the vastness of our coun­ should aim at and strive to gain perfection in this important and try. Continental nited States, including Alaska, has an area of interesting ~ervice. 3.fll 7.000 square miles. whereas Great Britain bas an area less than It Ls already realized that greater care wUl have to be exercised in that of our new State of New Mexico. either Germany or France an area handling .fragile parcels and such as are known to contain fragile but little in excess of the combined area of Colorado and Wyoming, and. merchandise. Postmasters should see to it that the paclcages r·ccciveci Belgium is a little larger than the State of Vermont. The combined by them are durably anrl propet'ly iorapped. area. of England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Belgium, ~ranee, and Ger­ With a view to redncing the number of bandlings of pnrce -post many is less than that of the four States of Texas, Ar1zona, New Mex­ mail and thus to mini!Dize the danger of breakaire, t he cleo;J rtment ico. and Wyoming. Hence transportation conditions, which are the is now conducting an mvestlgation to determine t he ndvisabilitv of, main factors in a parcel-post system, as between the United States and selectin~ ~ermi~al points wh~,re facilities will be p~ovided ~or w01:kiug the countries of Europe are altogether incomparable. the mau mto direct sacks and to the R. P. 0. s effectrng delivt'ry On account of these varying conditions affecting the transportation to post offices. Such a plan as this appears to be necessary in order factor there must be as near as possible an equitable distribution of to take care of the increased fall business. the cost of the service and rates of postage must be fixed accordingly ; It was estimated that during the first year of this new service otherwise a rate would have to be prescribed that would be prohibitive 300,000,000 pieces would be handled. The datn thus far obtained for short distances and disastrous to the Government for the long indicate that this number will be doubled. T his immense volume distances. Upon the application of this principle was evolved the of mail is being dispatched and dt'livered promptly witbont any con­ present scheme of zones and rates. gestion or delay to the other mall, which retlects great credit on our The law providing for the parcel-post service vests in the Postmaster service. Postmasters and employees throughout the service have shown General, subject to the consent of the Interstate Commerce Commis­ a spirit of cooperation with the department in making this s~rvice sion, the authority to reform conditions of mailability, including the a success which is highly commendable. zones, rates of postage, and weight limits, whenever he shaJI find The manufacturer and the merchant use the parcel post because through experience- that changes are desirable. In accordance with this of its commercial benefit, but to the householder and to the occasional provision, the present administration of the Post Office DP.partment, user _its attrac.tive features are those of convenience and e<'onomy. through a committee of experts, has i;riven intense study to the develop­ The ideal service is one that wm permit the personal laundry and ments of the parcel-post business since March 4 last, and the follow­ the wonderful creations In women's wearing apparel being sent from ing important changes have been recommended to the Postmaster a distance and received In fit condition to be worn by the most fas­ Getieral and approved b:v the Interstate Commerce Commission : tidious; that will permit the country dame to get into •.ioser touch The distinctive parcel-post stamps, which have caused the public with the bargain counter at the city store, :rnrt will permit the city so much Inconvenience and annoyance, were discontinued as of July 1 ; resident to receive from his farm n daily coni:.l~nment of the prod­ on the same date the fee on insured parcels was reduced from 10 cents ucts of the soil and barnyard. The service In Europe is of this to 5 cents on an indemnity of $25. character and I am confident I express our hope whPn I say that we Rates of postage reduced and weight limit increased, effective August will soon equal if not exceed the service of Great Britain. 15. l!l13, as follows : Local rate of postage reduced from 5 cents for first pound and 1 cent for ench additional pound or fraction thereof PRECA ·cELED POSTAGE STAl\IPS. to 5 cents for first pound and 1 cent for each additional 2 pounds or It is believed that in many instances precanceled postage stamps fraction thereof. The first and second zones consolidated and the rates can be used to such manifest advantage of both the Government and reduced from 5 cents for the first pound and 3 cents for each addi.­ the mailer that a more extensive use of them by large concerns should tlonal pound (the first-zone rate) and 6 cents for the first pound and be encouraged. 4 cents for each additional pound (second-zone rate) to 5 cents for Of course the postal revenues must be protected and with this in tl1e first pound and 1 cent for each additional pound. The weight view the regulations have required that the cancellation of posta"'e lt ~ it In the foregoing zones was raised from 11 pounds to 20 pounds. stamps should be done by postal employees or iu some manner under N, change was made in the r estrictions as to size and shape of pack­ their supervision. Consideration must be given, however, to the tre­ · a~ e. While these changes are not radical, they are along the right lines mendous and rapid growth of the service, and care should be taken and will prove attractive and advantageous. The effect is to furnish that the cost of the single item of protection, as in this case, is not en­ an exceedingly cheap delivery or interchange of parcels at a cheaper tirely out of proportion to its intrinsic valae. The small losses which rate than has ever been furnished by any private carrier for a distance might result from an almost unrestricted snle of these stamps would of 150 miles. 1 equal but a slight percentage of the net gain that would accrue frnm The collect-on-deliven; feature, which also became effective July 1, the saving in cleiical assistance alone. Furthermore, by the use of should prove of great benefit to a large number who find It more con­ precanceled stamps mail is greatly expeditE'd and is subject to less venient to make purchases in this manner. wear and tear, because If separated for States and R. P. 0.'s at the The small city merchant whose trade does not justify bis employing office of the mailer it can be deposited at the proper railroad terminals delivery waC7ons or the sending of packages to suburban points should without having to be handled in the post office. be greatly benefited; the village tradesman should be able to increase The parcel-post service furnishes an especially good opportunity for his ales to his patrons living on rural routes ; the farmer should find the use of precanceled stamps. On account of the bulk of this mail and in these changes the opportunity he hns been seeking, to develop a its liability to greater weur and tear unnecessary handling should be more profitable market for his garden products, by shipping direct to eliminated whenever possible. Accordingly the Postmaster General has the consumer; and the consumer by this direct dealing can at the same directed that the use of precanceled stamps be permitted on parcel-post time reduce the cost of living and save some of the profits of dis­ mail without restriction whenever the post-office officials are acquainted trihuting agents. with the conditions surrounding the sale and cancellation of these Tbe country mercb:rnt, ·instead of opposing the establishment of a stamps. · parcel-post service. through fear that be · would be undersold by his Postmasters should bring this matter to the attention of the large city competitors engaged in a mail-order bm:iness, should welcome this shippers in thefr respective · cities with a view to encouraging a more service, for it furniShes a means for materially· increasing· bis business general use of precanceled stamps. 5804 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. OCTOBER 27 '· MODEL POST OFFICES. :RESP-ONSIBILITY UP TO rOSTltA.ST&RS.. With a view to. effedlv('ly pramotin~ the policy of efficiency which It is no sm~ll compliment to the progressiv spirit and loy:iJty of you this admirii tru.tion of the department has firmly determined upon, it hn.s postmasterf! to tell you that the Postmaster Gener a.I expects to accom­ been decided t o organize, equip. and operate mndel post offices and use piish these :l.Dd more needed reforms in the postal service within tha the e as dynamos from which to charge the entire chain and system of near future, We confidently believe that eve1·y heart in this pre enca offices throughout the country. At these dynamic points the effort will throbs in un.ison with the e hicrb ideals.. T he- po t.'ll service is not be made to discover th e best practical way of securing and admin.isterin~ unlike a great ball game in its operation. Tbe administ rative offi.cers in the postal facilities for t hat and other communities; also to test labor- Wa shington are at the bat, the public is the p.itcher delivering to these saving devices and otber methods which may be found of value. The officials at the bat the responsibility of the service administration. Tho results obtained, conclusions drawn, and suggestions prompted by the duty of these eentral officials is to hit the ball squarely and to put It experienc a t t hese model offices will be promptl:y brought ta the attention out to yon postmasters in the field. Your lesson is this: Play your of postmast ers by m1>a ns of circula r let t ers until the entire service bas position well,. watch for the ball, catch it wit hout fail and deliver in been brought to that degree of standardization that will prove the Ameri- every lnstancP. quickly and effectively. It you prove true to this trust can postai service as the wort hy model of the world, and I now ask. and accomplish the reforms needed, and make our postal service the model my faith in you pr-0mpts me to believe. that we shall receive your h earty of the world, your monuments will be more enduring than marble and cooperation in bringing about the coveted condition at an early date. brass, APPENDIX. Presidents of tlic Unit.eel. States and Post1r1asters GeneraZ from, 1715 ta 1913, in.olttsive.

Officials of the United States Post Office Department-1775 t-0-1913. rresidcnts. First Assistant Postmas· Second Assistant Post;.. Third Assi~tant Postmns- Fourth Assistant Post-. PostD!asters General. ters General. mac;ters General. ters General. masters General.

1'75 Continental Congr Benjamin Franklin, July -··-·-··········--·····~· ...... 177& ···-·············-··---······ R~ardNov.'Z. Bache1 Pa.,''" ..... ~ .. ·-·········-·-· -····-················-····. ········-··-······: ..••.. 1782 ······--··-~···········--·· Ebenezer Hazard, N. Y., la.moo Bryson, Jan. 28~··· --~· · ·····---·········-·· ...... I an. 28. 1789 George Washington, Va., Samuel Osgoodr lfuss., JonathanBurrall_ ...... '" ...... -...... Apr. 30. Sept..,.26 . 1791 ...... - --·--·. Timothy Pickering, Pa.,. Charles Bu:rral.L ••••••.•.. ············-··--···-··--· ·-··-·······-············· Aug. I2. 1793 Goo.rge Washington, Va,...... ············--····-···-··- -···················-····-'-········---···-·-·····-· Mar. 4• 1795 ...... •...... •••.••.. Joser>b Habersham, Ga., ······················-···· ·-··········----······--·-- ···········-·· ·· •.••..•..•. Feb. 25 • 1791 1800 .~~~ :-:~: .1:.~:~: :: :: :: ::: ::.: ::::::::::: :::: : ·A.-br.ih.~ni · ·:BraThomas Jefferson, Va., Gideon Granger, Conn., ···-······················· ...... Mar.4. Nav.2& - 1805 Thomas Jefferson, Va., ········--··-······-······· ··~·--···········-··-··--·· ···-······-················ ...... Ma:r.4. rnr~ .:~~~~~~~- ~~·-~~~~: ::: ::::::::::::::::::::: :: ::: ::::::::::: ::: :::::.::. S.eiiii>e:iS6;CQUii:i: ::: :: : :: ::: ::::: :::::: :::::: :: :: : 1 m~ .:~~ ~~~~~: .:~-~~~ :. .ii&timiTiieig&,}:; ohiO; :::_::: :: : .:~: ::::~ :: ::. :::::: ::: :: :_:-.::.:: ::::::: ::::: :-~::: ::::::: :::: ::: :: Apr. n. ~~i .~~-~- ~~~~ -~~-''. .. ~: ~ -:: :: : :: ::::: ::: ::-:-:::::-: ::::: :: ::.: :::: :::::::::::.:: .P:hlii005":Bmdiey~· con.n:: ::: ::: :::::: :: ::: ::: :: : : : :: ig -~~~~~ ~~~~·-~~~-~~: ~: ·jc;ifil · "M:ei:Wi:···oii1<>:· ::::.::::: :::::::::::::-:: : :: : :::::: :: :::: :::::: ::::: :::: :::::::::::-:::::::::::: July 1. 1825 John Q. Ada.ms, M"ass.,. -· ...... -· ...... - •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Mar.4. 18:?9 Andrew Jackson, Tenn., William T. Barry~ Ky., &llah R Hobbie, N. Y •.. Charles K: Gardner,N.l".. -·-········-····· ····-···· Mar. 4. Apr. 6. 18.13 Andi:ew Jaoi'.son,. Tenn., ··-·· ...... -· ...... -·· ..•... ·-· .•...... -· .•.• ··- ..•..... ·-· •••.•. u ·-· ••••• liar.4. I: 1835 ·--·· ···-·····--····-······· Amos Kendall, Ky.r ...... ·-~··· ...... Ma)'JL 1836 ·····-·-·····-·-·····--·· -··-·--··················· ...... Robt. Jb.hns:tane-...... -•. Daniel Coleman, N. c.:i.... . 1837 Martin Van Buren, N. Y., ...... ---·-··---·-···---··· ·-·--·--·--·······--··········· Mar.4... , 18-!(} ·-····· - ·--············-··-- JohnMa.y26. M. Wiles, Conn., ·--····-·················· -···--·--·······--·-·-···-· ·-············--····· William Henry Harrison, !Frarun Granger, N. Y., } · lSil { Ohio, Mar. 4. ~ar.8. . ·············--··-··---··· Philo C. Fuller,.N. Y ...... John Tyler, Va. 1 A-pr. 6.- . Charles A.. Wickliffe,. Ky., Oct. 13• . 1842 . . . •. -· ·- -·· ••. -··. ~·· ...••.•••.... -· ...•. -·. -~ ...... -· •... __ .... -·. -·- · •.. -· -· .....•...... -· --· .... -·.. John S. Skinner, Md ..... 1843 1844 ~:::::::::: :.::::::::: ::::::: ::::::::::::::~::::: ::-:: :~::.:::::::::.:::::::~·::: ~.'ii. '{~~:v--a-::::::::: ::: :::: :::: :::::: ::: ::: :: :: 1845 James K. Polk,. Tenn., Cave Jahnsorr, Tenn., -··-·-·--·-········-···· W. Medill, Ohio, and N. M. Miller, Va ...... Mar. 4. Mar. 7. Wm. J. Bra n, Ind- 1846 1849 ·Zachary··· Tayio~,.... Va.:· ·iacob···coTumier,··v-t:, · ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·ntZ:iiOOiY:wru:ren:"rowii -=~ -~~~:~~: ...... Mar.. 5.. Mar. 8. 18.50. Millard Fillmo.re, N. Y., Nathan K. Hall,,N. Y., ·····-··-··--··--·-···-··'"···········--·-·--···· ···'- ·-·······-·-··--·······- July 9. July 23. . 1851 3 1852 :::::: ::: :::::::::::::::: ::: · &IliU~i · ·n:··iiili:il)a;<( -~~.n.:.~~~~ :.~~: :: :::: ·w-·:n: i:>Wi

1854 ...... -· .••••..•...•...... •.....•..•.. -· •. . Horatio King, Ma...... -· ..•..•..•.•••••••• M ••••• '" •••• 18.S'Z James Dacha.nan, Pa., Aaron V. Brown. Tenn., •M······ -····-········-··"'········· .. '"············· ...... Afar. 4. . Mar. 7. 1859 ...... --···· .... Jose h ffolt, Ky.,M:ll.'.14. - ······················-··· ...... ~- A. N. Zevely, N. C...... Abraham Lincoln Ill King.Me:,Ji'eb.12.} 1861 { M • ., fMontgomeryoratio Blair, D. C., John A.. Kasson, Iowa.... Geo. W. McLellan, Mass •....•...•...•...•..•••.... ar. 4• Mar. 9. 1863 ....•• ___ ••••••••• '" ••.••••... -~ ...••...•...•...... -· Alexander W. Randall, ...... •••...... •.•••.••.••••••••••••.... Wis. 1804 ...... William Dennison, Ohio, -························· ···-··················-···· •....••...... •...... · . Oct~ l.

1865 {*-t:o:::~~~ : !······--·········--·--···· -·············-············ ...... 1866 ...... •...... •...... Al~'l:o.ndet" W. Randa.11, St. John B. L. Skinner, ·-·····-···--··· ...... •.. -····· ······••o••········ Wis., July 25 N. Y. 1869 Ulysses S. Grant, Ill., John A. J. Creswell, Md., Geo. Earle, Md.; 1as. W. Giles .A.. Smith, Ill ...... W. H. H. Terrell, In.d •... m~ ·u~:~s~··s.--·affiii i, .. ili.:· :::~~:;~:::::::::::::::: ::::~~~:~:;::::::::. -~~~.1:':-~~:~,.-~:::::::: ·ii:1~".-B:aii>er;Micli:::::: Mar. 4. . 1 Office of Second .Assistant Postmaster General created by act of Apr. 30, 1810. 2 Office of Third Assistant Postmaster General created by act of J'uly 2, 1836. 1913. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-_HOUSE. 5805

Presidents of the United States aticl Postmaste1·s General from 1775 to 1919, inolusive-Continued.

Officials of the United States Post Office Department-1775 to 1913.

Presidents. First Assistant Postmas- Second Assistant Post- Third Assistant Postmas- Fourth Assistant Post- Postmasters General. ters General. . masters General. ters General. masters General.

fas. W. Marshall, N. J., I - 18~ 4 July 7. Tas. H. Marr, Md-··-·····} ' ···························· !Ms~~~~ Jewell, Conn., Jas. w. Marshall, N. J. •. ·························· ·-·-······················· m~ :::::::::::::::::::::::::::: "jaffies-·N·."-i'Yiier;·iiid.:· ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~:~r:s~;~·~~::::: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: July 13. 1877 Rutherford B. Hayes, David McK. Key, Tenn., James N. Tyner, Ind ...... Abraham D. Hazen, Pa .. Ohio, Mar. 5. Mar. 13. 18SO ...... Horace Maynard, Tenn., ...... •.....•...... ··········~··············· Aug. 25. Tames A. Garfield, Ohio, Mar. 4. l'l'homas L. James, N. Y., Frank Hatton, Iowa, Oct. Richard A. Elmer, N. Y ...... 1881 Chester A. Arthur, N. Y., Mar. 8. 29: ! Sept. 20. 1882 ...... Timothy 0. Howe, Wis., ...... _ ...... Jan. 5. 1883 ...... WalterQ.Gresham,Ind., ...... HonryD.Lyman,N.Y ...... Apr.11. 1884 ...... Frank Hatton, Iowa, Oct ...... W. B. Thompson, Mich ...... 14. . . {John Schuyler Crosby, } l 8S5 {G~ver Cleveland, N. Y., Wfl. r Vilas, Wis., ~- Y. A. Leo. Knott, Md ...... ar. 4. ar. · Milton Hay, Pa ...... 18E6 ...... A. E. Stevenson, Ill...... 1 87 ...... •...... , ...... Henry R. Harris, Ga., Apr. I. 1888 ...... DonM.Dickinson,Mich., ...... •...•...... •...... Jan. 17. 1889 Benjamin Harrison, Ind., John Wanamaker, Pa., J. S. Clarkson, Iowa, Mar. 8. A. Whitfield, Ohio, A. D. Hazen, Pa., Mar.18. Mar. 4. Mar. 6. 14. Mar. 18. 1890 ...... •...... S. A. Whitfield, Ohio, J.Lo"1!"ieBell,Pa.,Scpt...... Sept. 29. 29. 1891 E. G. Rathbone, Ohio.t {. ~;~~~- -~~~~~~~~-. · ~: ·;.~ · · ~~;~~~ -~: -~~~~:-~~ ·;.~ · 1· ii~~~af.-iivallii~ ·iferui.~ . . · · · -· · · -· · · · · · ·_- -· · · · · -· · -· ~:~; -~~~~~: ~: -~:: ~~; · 1893 R. A. Maxwell, N. Y., Mar. 4. Mar. 7. FrankH.Jones,Ill.,May ····················--···· { 19. Mar. 22. 10. 1 1:i ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ·wn1kiii·r,:·wii5ciri;·-w:· ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -~~--~-e-~~~'.~~:~~~~~~: ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Va., Apr. 4. 1897 WiUiam "McKinley, Ohio, Jam03 A. Gary, Md., Perry S. Heath, Ind., W. S. Shallenberger, Pa., John A. Merritt, N. Y., 1. L. Bristow, ·Kans., Mar. 5. Mar. 6. Mar. 17. Apr. 5. Apr. 29. Apr.1. 1S98 ...... Charles Emory Smith, ...•...... •..• -·························· ...... •.. Pa., Apr. 22. 1899 ...... •...... Edwin C.Madden,Mich., July 1. 1900 ...... : ...... William M. Johnson, N ...... J., Aug. 23. 1901 Theodore Roosevelt, N. Y., ...... Sept. 14. . 1902 ...... Henry C. Payne, Wis., Robert J. 'Vynne, Pa., ...... Jan. 15. Apr. 17. 1904 ...... Robert J. Wynne, Pa., ...... -·························· Oct. 10. 1905 ThoodoraRooscvelt,N. Y., Geo. B. Cortelyou, N. Y., Frank H. Hitchcock, ...... P. V. Degraw, Pa., Mar. Mar. 4. Mar. 7. Mass., Mar. 16. 20. 1907 ...... Geo.vonL.Meyer,Mass., ...... Jas. T.McCleary,Minn., Abraham L. Lawsho, Mar. 4. Mar. 29. Ind., Mar. 22. 1908 ...... Chas. P. Grandfield, Mo., Jos. Stewart, Mo., Sept...... Feb. 29. 29. 1909 William H. Taft, Ohio, Frank H. Hitchcock, ...... Mar. 4. Mass., Mar. 6. 1910 ...... •... James J. Britt., N. C., Dec. 1. 1913 Woodrow Wilson, N. J., Albert Sydney Burleson, Daniel C. Roper, S. C., ...... A. M.Dockery,Mo.,Mar. James I. Blakslce, P a., Mar. 4. Tex., Mar. 4. Mar. 13. 13. Mar.13.

i Office of Fourth Assistant Postmaster General created by act of Mar. 3, 1891.

Statistios of the postal service from 1789 to 1912.

N Gross expendi- . Stamped Fiscal year. umber o r Gross revenue ture of depart- Ordinary ,postage envelopes and Postal cards Letters; etc., Fiscal post offices. of department. ment. stamps lSSued. wrappers issued. issued. registered. year.

1789 ...... 75 l S7,510 l S'l,560 173J 1790 ...... - •. - -·- ... -·-·- . .. ----· ·- .... . 75 37,935 32,140 1790 1791 ..... -.. . -. -. ---- ...... -...... -..... -...... 89 ~6,294 36,697 1791 1792 ...... ·-- .... --·. -- ...... -... -.. 195 67,443 54,530 1792 17!!3 ...... -...... ····· .. . 209 104, 746 72,039 1793 1794 ...... -..... -.. -.. ------...... -. - 450 128,947 89,972 1794 1795 ...... ·····-- 453 160,620 l17, 93 1795 1796 .. - ...... ··············· ...... ······ - 468 195,066 131, 571 1796 1797 ... ········································ 554 213,998 150, 114 1797 1798 ...... 639 232,977 179.084 1798 1799 ... ··················-····················· 677 264,846 188.037 1799 1800. ···············••························· !l03 280, S0-1 213,994 IROO 1801. - ...... -..... --. -..... --- ...... ---.... . 1, 025 320,442 255, 151 1801 1 02. --········································ 1,11-1 327,0H 281,916 1 02 1£03 ...... ······ .... ······· ········••·········· 1, 258 351,822 322,364 1803 1804 ...... •.... ·-·-- 1,405 389, 449 337,502 180t 1805 .•..•..••..••.•...•..•.•..•.•••• : •..•.•.... 1, 558 421,373 377,367 1805 1806 ...•.....•.•.•.•.•....•••••••••••.•••...... 1, 710 445, 105 417,233 . 1805 1807 ..... : . -...... - 1,848 478, 762 453,885 1807 1808 .. ········································· 1,944 4G0,5&1 462,828 1803 1809 ...... , .. 2, 012 506,633 498,012 1 09 1810 •.. ··•····•·•·•·•···•···•·················· 2,300 551,684 495, 969 1810 1811 ..... : ...... -- ...... 2, 403 587,246 499,098 1811 1 For 3 months only. 5806 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. OCTOBER 27,

Statistics of the postal service from 1789 to 1912-Contimied.

Gross expendi- dinary . Stamped 0 Postal cards Letters, etc., Fiscal Fiscal yen.r. Number of Gross revenue ture of depart- r postage envelopes and post offices. of department. ment. stamps issued. wrappers issued. issued. regist.ered. year.

1812 .••.•.•••.••••.••.••.•••..•• , ••••••••••.••• 2,610 S649,208 $540, 165 ...... 1812 1813 .••••••.• : • ••••••••.••••..••••••••••.•••••• 2, 708 703, 154 681 ,011 ...... 1813 1814 ....••••••••••••••••••.•••.••••• •••••••• ••• 2,670 730,370 727, 126 ...... 1814 1 15 .•••••.••••••••••••.•••••••••• ••••••••••••. 3,000 1, 043,065 748, 121 .- ...... 1815 1816 .••.••••••••••••••••.••••••••.••••••••••••• 3,260 961, 782 804, 022 ...... ·-· ...... -- .. ····--···--·····- 1816 1817 ...••••.••••••••••••••••••.•••.•• •••••••••. 3,459 1,002, 973 916,515 ...... 1817 3 , 618 1, 130, 23.5 1,035,832 1818 ..••.••••. •••••••••••••·•••• ·•••••••••••••• ...... 1818 4,000 1,2CM, 737 1,117,861 ...... 1819 1819 ..• ••••••••••••••••••••• ••·•••••••••••••••• 4,500 1, 111, 927 1, 160 926 1 20 .•. •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• ...... 1820 18Zl. ••••.••••••••••••••••..••••••..••••••••••. 4, 650 1,059, 087 1, 165,481 ···········--····· ...... ·······-····-··· ...... 1821 18Z2 ..•.•••••••••••••.••.•••••..••.•••••••.•••. 4,709 1,117,490 1,167,572 ...... _...... 1822 4,0cl3 1, 130, ll5 l , 156,995 ...... 1 23 ~ : ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 5, 182 1, 197, 758 1, 188, 019 ...... 182i 1 Z5 •••• ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5,677 1,306,525 1, 229,0cl3 ...... 1825 6, 150 1,447,103 1,366, 712 1826 .•• ••••• •••••• •••••·•••••••••••• ·••••• ••••• ...... ·-··- ...... -...... 1826 1S27 ...•••••..••.•••••.•••••••.•••••••••••••••• 7'300 1,524,633 1,469,959 ...... 1827 1 28 ..••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. 7:530 1,659,915 1,689,945 ...... ·-·············...... 1828 1 8,004 1, 707, 418 1, 782, 132 ...... 1 29 29 .. ·•••••••••••••••·•••·•••••••••••••••••••• 8,450 1,850, 583 1,932, 708 ···-············ .. 1830 1 30 ... •••••••••·•••·••·••••••·•••••••••••••••• ...... l,997, 8U 1, 936,122 - 1831. .•.•.•••••••• ·•·•••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8, 686 ...... 1831 9,205 2,Z5 ,570 2,2G6,ffi -·············· 1832 . •·•·••·•••·•·••·•·•••••·•••·•••·••••••·•·• ...... 1832 10, 127 2,617,011 2, 930, 414 ~- 1833 . ••••···•·••••·••·•··•·••·•·•••••·••···•··· ...... -...... 1833 1834 ...•••••••••••.•..••..••••••••••••.•••..•.. 10,693 2, 823, 749 2, 910, 605 ...... 1834 1825 ....••••..•••••.•••.•• •••••·•·•• •••.••..... 10,770 2,993,556 2, 757,350 ...... 1835 11,091 3,408,323 2,841, 766 1836 ... ••··••••·•·•··••··••·•··•·•·••••••·•·•·· ...... 1836 1837 •..••..•.•.••..••..•.•••.•••••.••••..••.•.. 11, 767 4, 945,668 3,288,319 ...... 1837 1838 .••••.•..•••••.••..•••.••..•..•••••••..•... 12, 519 4,238, 733 4,430,662 ...... 1838 4,636,536 1830 ••. •••·••·•••·•••·•••·•··••·••••••••••···•· 12, 780 4,484,657 ...... 1839 1840 .•. ·••·· •••.••.•••.•••. ···"' ·········· .•..•. 13,468 4,543,522 4, 718,236 ...... 1840 1 41 .••••..•..••.••••••• ••••••••••• ••••••••••.. 13, 778 4,407, 726 4,499,528 ...... 1841 4,546,849 5,674, 752 1842 . ••••••·••••••••••••·•••••••••••••·•••··•·· 13, 733 ...... 1842 1843 ..•.••..•.•••••••. •••••••••••• ·•••••••••• .. 13,814 4,296, 225 4, 374, 754 ...... 1843 1844 ..••••••..••••••••••••••••• ••••• •••••••••.. 14, 103 4,237,288 4,296,513 ...... 1844 1845_ ..••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••• ••••••• •• - 14, 183 4,289,841 4,320, 732 ...... 1845 3,487, 199 1846 .•. ••·••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• .. 14,601 4,076,036 ...... 184.6 1847 ...... 15, 146 3,880,309 3,979,542 ...... 1847 1848 .•.••..•.••••.••••••••••••••••• •••••••••• •. 15, 159 4,555,211 4,326,850 · · · · · · · ·ii36o ; 380 · ...... 1848 184!> •••••••••••••• -· ••••••••• - •••• --· •••••••••• 16, 749 4, 705, 176 4,479,049 955, 727 ...... 1849 18, 417 5,499,984 5,212, 953 1 50 .. ···········-····························· 1,540,545 ...... 1850 1E51...... •• • ••• • ••••••• •• · 19, 796 6, 410,604 6,278, 402 l,2

i Postage. stamps· first issued under act of Mar. 3, 1847, and placed on sale at New 4 Newspaper wrappers first issued under act of Feb. 27, 1861. York, N: Y., JOI? t, !Mi. 'Special-request envelopes first issued in 1865. 2 Stamped envelopes first issued June, 1853, under act of Aug. 30, 1852. ~ Pootal cards first issued May 1, 1873, under act of June 8, 1872. • Letters first registered July 1, 1855, under act of Mar. a, 1855. 1913. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5807

Statistics of Oity and Rural DeUvery Services.

City Delivery Service.1 Rural Delivery Service.2

Fiscal ye:ir. Number Fiscal of city Number Annual.cost of year. delivery of carriers. service. Carriers. Mileage. Annual cost. offices.

1 64 ...... •...... 66 685 $317,063.20 ...... 1864 1865 ..•••.•••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••.••••••.•••••••••••••••..•••.•. 45 757 448,664.51 ...... 1865 1&66 •••••••••••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• •••••••••. 46 863 589,236. 41 ...... ----...... 1866 1 7 ...... •...... 47 943 699,934.34 ...... 1867 186 .••••••••••••••••••••.••· •.••.•...•.•••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••.•••• 48 1,198 99.:i, 934. 59 ...... 1868 1 69 ....••••••.•••.•••••••..••••.••..•.....••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••. 48 1,246 1, 183, 915. 31 ...... 1869 1870 ..•..•••. . .•.•. . .••••••.••.•••..•...•.•••. ·••••·•••·•••••·•••••••••• .. 51 1,362 1, 230, 079. 85 ...... 1870 1871. •..•.•••••..••.•.••.••••••••. ....••••.• •••• · ···•••• •••••••••••••••••• 52 1,419 1, 35.~, 923. 23 ...... 1871 1 72 .. •·••••••••·· •••• ·•••••·•·•·••••••••·•••••·•••••·•·••·•••••••·•••·••• 52 1,443 1,385, 965. 76 ...... 1872 1873 .••.••••••.•. ··•·•··••··•••••••••••••••••·••••••••••·••••·••••••••·••· 52 1,498 1, 422, 495. 48 ...... 1873 11'74 ..•••••••.•••. •• ••..•••••••••. • •.••••.•..••• •••••• .•••••. ••••••· ••...• 87 2,049 1, 802, 696. 41 ...... 1874 1875 ....•••••.••...•••••••.•••.••• ·••••• ••••.•••.•••.•••••••••••••••••.••• 87 2, 195 1,SR0,041.99 ...... 1875 1876 ... .•• •••.••..•• .••.••. ~ ••.•••.•...... ••..•••..•.•..•••••••••.••..••.. 87 2,269 1, 9111, 186. 51 ...... ------··- ..... -...... ··-· ..... 1876 lf77 ..•••.•••.•••..•••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.•• ••••••••••••••••••• 87 2,265 1, 893, 619. 85 ...... 1877 1878 . . . ··•·•·••······ ••.• ·••·••••· ••• ••·•·• • ·•••·•••• •••••••••••••••••.••• 87 2,275 1, 824, 166. 96 ...... 1878 1879 .••...•••. •.•••• . ·••••••••·•••••••••·•·••·••·••••••••••••••••••••••••· 88 2,359 1, 947, 706. 61 ...... 1879 lSRO ..•.•••.•..•.••..••••••••.••••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••.••••••••••••• 104 2,628 2, 363, 693. 14 ...... 1880 1 1...... ········•···••·••·•·· .•••.•... 109 2,861 2, 499, 911. 54 ...... 1881 1AA2 •..•..• ••.•. ••. .••..• •.••••••.••••.•• ..••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 112 3,115 2, 623, 262. 74 ...... 1882 154 3, 173, 336. 51 1 ··•·•••••···•·•·••••••·•••·•••·•••··•·•••·••••·••••••••••••••••••••••• 3,680 ...... :: : :: :::: ::: :: : : 1:: ::::: ::::::::: 1883 1884. ···•·•·····•·····•·••••••··••·•••·•••·•·•·····••••••••••·•••••·••••·• 159 3,890 3, 504, 206. 52 ...... 1884 1 5 ...... •...... •.. 178 4,358 3, 985, 952. 55 ...... 18&5 1 · ...... : ...... •...... •.•.•..•...•..... 181 4,841 4, 312, 306. 70 ...... 1886 1 I ...•••••• •••• •••••••• •• •• •••••• ••• ••••. .•••••• • ••••••••••••••••••··· • • 189 5,310 4. 618, 692. 07 ...... 1887 1 ...... •...... ••.•....•..•..... 358 6,346 5, 422, 356. 36 ...... 1888 1889 ....•..•••.••••..•.....••..•...•••.•.••.•••.•.••••••..•.•••••••••.••.• 401 8,257 6, 957, 941. 90 ...... 1889 1 PO . .•••• •••••••••••.•• • •• •• •••••••• •• : •• •••••. • ••••••••••••••••••••••••• 454 9,066 7, 976, 202. 72 ...... 1890 lf91. ..•• ••.•••••••••..•••••• ••••••·• •• • •••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 519 10, 130 9,072, 160.31 ...... 1891 lf.92 .• · • •••••••·•••••• • •• .••.••.••••••••••••••••.•••••••••.•• : •••••••••••• 508 10, 737 9, 960, 892. 67 ...... 1892 1893 ..•••..•.•••••.••••••••••.••••••••••••.•••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••• 610 11,625 10, ~. 575. 26 ...... 1893 }~ ...... 610 11, 736 11, 229, 436. 78 ...... 1894 1!'!15 ...... 604 12, 714 12, 135, 544. 93 ...... 1895 1896 ...... 627 12,834 12, 713, 861. 41 ...... i; 843 . 1896 1897 ...... 629 12,931 12, P!27' 396. 69 ...... a·sa· ...... ii4;s4o· 1897 1"98 ...... 688 13,696 13, 3R7. 506. 10 148 2, 9fiO 50, 241 1898 ]1!99 ...... 735 14, 256 13, 905, 800. 00 391 8,929 150,012 1899 1900 ...... 796 15,322 14,512, 190.04 1,276 28,6R5 420, 433 1900 1901...... ~ ...... 866 16,389 15, 752, 600. 00 4,301 100,299 1, 750,321 1901 1902 ...... 933 17, 787 17, 123,310.90 8,406 186,252 4,0R9,041 1902 1903 ...••.•..•..•••••••••••••••••••••••...•••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••• 1,032 19, 542 19, 337, 986. 00 15, 119 332,618 8,051,599 1903 1fl04 ...... 1, 100 20, 758 20, 561, 20K 10 24, 5116 552, 725 12,645, 275 1904 1!105 ...... 1, 144 21, 778 20, 919, 078. 13 32,055 721, 237 .20, 864, 885 1905 19(lll •..••••••.•....••••••••••••.•.•••••••••••••. •• ••• ••••••••••••••.•••••• 1, 184 22, 965 21, 9RO, 632. 92 35,606 820,318 25,011,625 1906 1907 ...... ·...... 1,240 24,577 23, 170, 203. 63 37,582 00, 117 26,Ml.5.55 1907 l!lC\R ...... 1,330 26,352 26, 25R,039. 16 · 39, 143 891, 432 34,371, 939 1908 1909 ...... 1,440 27,620 29, 738, 123. 05 40, 499 979,624 35,661,034 1909 1910 ...... 1,492 28, 715 31, 083, 591. 17 40,997 993,068 36,914, 769 1910 1911 ...... 1,541 29, 168 32, 970, 451. 23 41,599 1,007, 772 37, 126,812 1911 1912 ...... 1,621 29,962 34, 152, 517. 77 42,081 1,021,492 40,655, 740 1912

1 Free (city) delivery service authorized by act or Mar. 3 1863. Est.ablished J~y ll 1863. 2 The first experiment.al rural delivery service was estabiished on Oct. 1, 1896, srmrutaneously on three routes, from Charlestown, Uvilla, and Halltown, W. Va. a For 9 months only.

RURAL POSTMASTERS. the sun, and the sons of the men who have made America what it is will surely husband their patrimony. Add to tbe consfrleratlon of postal prob!Pms. tbe lntercbange of work. Tb1s aJ:.Jtation Is timely and highly important. and our postal n ew ideas. and the foi::terlng of the spirit of cooperation. facilities can and should bP used fn tbe work of national conservation. It is my privi!pge to convey to you tbe cordial greetings of Post­ Conservation is tbe opposite- of waste. It is true efficiency It means ma. ter GE>neral Rnrleson and to assure you of his apprE> ciation of your more than protecting mines and soil; It me}l ns more tban restocking everv effort to assist blm · in improving the postal service. In wbat I forests and streams : more than all of the great public works that are bave to say to-dav I shall tell yoa of some of the policies for whlcb bis naturally associated with tbe word. In its broader and truer sense cen­ adminif'tration stands, and I bPspeak for him your hearty coopPration. servatlon means making and keeping our people happy, patriotic, and Po tmnsterA of the fourth class constitute more than 80 oer cent of contented: seeing that they make the most out of wbat they bave. It all the postmastPrs of the country and are especially intPrpstlng to me means that we should gPt out of life all that there ls in it for ourselves because they come in C'lost>st touch with our rural communities. Tbe and for our neighbors, and that we strive to promote the welfare of our prosperity and happiness of the whole country depend upon tbP farm. country. This, in tbe beginning, was the spirit of America, and this ls from whlcb must come the necesRities of life: the fourth-class post­ tbe spirit that now inspires our ell'ortH in the Interest of our rural com­ master has a great deal to do with kPeping the ppople within rPacbing munities, that maintains an ever-watchful care in our iellows, that di. tance of the soil When our cities bare down tbey are built op makes us a world power in the comity of all nations. and it i~ this same nirn1n. but let our farms-thP base of supnlies-be dPs troyed or deserted spirit that prompted the American people to guarantee freedom to Cuba and the entire fabric of our advancPd civilization must fall apart. and that now puts our people solidly behind President Wilson in his T he fourth-class postmaster Is Invaluable to both tbe city and the Mexican policy. I confidently believe that we are now ent<~ring upon a farm. for be bring to the one the nece,.sittes of life and to tbe other new era in which this greater conservation is to have a fuller applica­ the means of culture and education. It is true tbat you do not actually tion to the end that all onr ways of life and work may c-onserve our handle a ll commodities. but you handle many of them and you provide resources of wealth, strength, and happiness. a means of communicating between the buyer and tbe seller, without which the remaining exchanges could not be effected. In the social and EXECUTIVE ORDER OF MAY 7, 1913. economic or1mnlzation of our country your official duties are second to It was In keeping with the spirit of conserving the best interests of none in importance. the people and of maintaining a proper civil service and of adding to the efficiency, and bence to the success, of our- postal facilities that ~ RURAL POSTMASTERS AND CONSERVATION. the President issued bis order of May 7 1913, which subjects fourth­ In the e days we hear a great deal of "conservation." It is said that class postmasters to an efficiency test before permitting them to be our natural r.esonrces have been wasted in the headlong development of covered Into the postal service for life. This order provides that: American industries: that we are a spendthrift Nation: am.l that if we "No person occupying the position of postmaster of the fourth class do not soon mend our ways our children shall yet feel the pinch of want shall be given a competitive classlfied status under the provisions of that result.q from the squandering of opportunities. A Gt>rmnn e<'ono­ said orders unless be has been appointed as a rei::ult of open competitive mist informs os that the "pri<'e of inefficiency" is represented by $10.- examination, or under the regulations of November 25. 1912, or of 000,000,000 a year, and supports tbls v:ist estimate by quite a formid­ January 20, 1909, or until be Is so appointed. - able array of figures and authorities. Whether these figures be correct "At any post office of the fourth rll'IS" -vhf're the prpsent postmaster we can not tell, but it is evident that great waste bas been incident to was appointed otherwise tban as above set forth, appointment shall be the lmilding of our Nation. The Nation, however. ts now built, its made in accordance with tbe regulations approved November 25, 1912, industrial future assured. and the 48 stars of its new flag stand for the as amended this date: and for this purpose tbe Civil Service Commis­ accomplishment. We confess to having been prodigal of our bountiful sion shall hold an open competitive examination for each such office blrthli!!ht, but ours is still the richest land in natural resources under having an annual compensation of as niuch as $180, such examination

• 5808 .COKGRESSION AL RECORD- HOUSE. OCTOBER 27,

for all such post offices to be held by States, as requested by the Post­ masters of the fourth class. The only source of complaint at the pres­ master General : Provided, That in the event for any such examination ent time is the condition in wbicb some packages are delivered, and less than three persons apply, the Civil Service Commission may, in postmasters should in truct their employees to watch carefully all pack­ its discretion, authorize selection in accordance with the provisions of ages as they are ·presented for mailing, so as to insUI·e their delivery the regulations as amended this date governing selections for appoint­ In good condition. '.rhe public must be taugbt that the proper wrap­ ment to offices having annual c~pensation of le s than $180; and in ping of parcels is a prime requi ite to their safe delivery. The lar~e like manner the regulations of No>ember 25, 1912, as amended this shipping houses as well as the smaller merchants in the larger cities date, shall be applied to each office where the annual compensation have help properly trained in wrapping and j?iyc but little trouble in is less than 1 0, and where the present incumbent was appointed this direction. The poorly wrapped parcels as a rule come from the otherwise than as above set forth." Individual shippers not acquainted with the importance of wrnpping, It will probably be interesting to you to know that there are about and these as a rule are the patrons of your offices. You must see tbat as many post offices with compensation of less than 180 a year as the packages when received are durably and properly wrapped and there are with compensation between $180 and $1,000 a year. In the that in all instances they are labeled so as to indicate their contents. former class there are about 24,000, while in the latter there are ap­ Let us think of the postal service as a great cooperative company proximately 25,000. The examinations in the first-mentioned class, owned by all the people and operated by us in trust for all the people. which are to be conducted by post-office inspectors, have already been Our function is fully performed only when the greatest possible service launched, and the work is being carried on simultaneously throughout is rendered in the most efficient manner at the least poi::sible cost. On all of the States by the inspectors located therein. '.rhe examinations your shoulders and on mine is placed this great task. We can not per­ in the group with comJ?ensation of as much as $180 will be conducted form our full duty if we are content to do only those things that we exclusively by the Civil Service Commission. The examinations will must do. We must put our hearts into the work and give not full be held by States as de ignated by the Postmaster General, and info1·­ measUI·e, but overflowing measure, of ourselves. If we do this. the mation regardin~ these examinations should be sought from the Civil people for whom we are trustees will be pleased and we shall be happy Service Commission. ln being useful. EFFICIEXCY. ADDRESSES, CONGRESS II.ALL CELEilR-\.TION (H. DOC. NO. 272). The Postmaster General bolds that the people are entitled to the very best postal facilities administered in the most efficient manner and that Mr. HARDWICK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent economy shall be only a step behind and go hand in band with effi­ that the address of the President of the United States and that ciency. This is the true pollcy vf conservation and in keeping with it the of the Speaker of this House, delivered in Philadelphia on Sat­ best methods and practices will be insisted upon throughout the service. urday last, be printed in the CoNGRESSIONAL RECORD. To this end the department will keep in close touch with the operations l\Ir. MANN. I was just about to make that request, and I of the postmasters and with their cooperation bring the SP.Ivice to the highest degree of usefulness. This is manifested by the atntuae of the hope the gentleman will add to it the request that those ad­ Postmaster General with regard to postmasters giving their personal dresses be printed also as a House document. attention to their official duties. The postmaster is selected because l\fr. HARDWICK. Very well. I do not object to haying them of his presumed superior ability, his qual1ficat1ons for rendering satis­ factory public service, and his personal standing, and it is not fair to printed in that form. the Government that he should employ his time in other directions to Mr. MA...~N. In both forms? the detriment of his postal duties. A postmaster and a postage stamp Mr. HARDWICK. Yes. are alike in that the value of each depends on the way in which each sticks to the place where you put him. If all postmasters honestly The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Georgia [.Mr. HABD­ devote to the service the amount of tlme reasonably expected of them WICK] asks unanimous consent that the addres es delivered by and give to the work of their offices the supervision and direction which the President of the United States and the Speaker of the House good busine ·s rules demand, the service would not only gain in effec­ tiveness but considerable economy would result from a better distribu­ in Philadelphia on Saturday last be printed in the RECORD and tion of duties and a consequent reduction in cost. also as a public document. Is there objection? Postmasters may promote postal conservation by giving careful study Mr. DYER. Mr. Speaker, I would like to inquire of the gen­ to the postal regulations and instructions issued from time to time, and by taking a sincere interest in the correct and orderly conduct of their tleman how many copies that would be of the public document? offices. In this way they will make pleasanter and easier their own Mr. HARDWICK. That would be as mnny copies as could be duties and materially lighten the work of the department. This admin­ printed under the $500 limit; probably 25,000. istration will give special attention to the elimination of ponderous and unneces~ary regulations and .will endeavor to promulgate orders and Mr. MANN. That would be only the usual number. impart information in the briefest and simplest way. Uemember that Mr. DYER. That, I think, would be only a few hundred. the department is seeking to come close to you and you are expected Mr. l\IA1'~. The gentleman could have all he wants printed to do your part by drawing near with inquiring and receptive minds. at his own expense. POSTAL SAVINGS AXD PABCEL POST. Mr. COX. Let us have 50,000. Perhaps the greatest opportunity for fourth-class postmasters to serve their communities is in connection with the new extensions of the serv­ Mr. HARDWICK. Mr. Speaker, I modify my request to that ice, postal savings and parcel post. By being enthusiastic about these extent; that 50,000 copies of these addresses be printed as a himself, he will instill enthusiasm in others. He should educate his House document. p·atrons to a full appreciation of the facilities offered. If he encourages some to open postal savings accounts who otherwise would not save Mr. MANN. I think that request ought to come after tlle acquired the habit of saving, he has done good out of all proportion to document is printed. The usual request is to simply print it. the amount of the money actually deposited and made available for com­ Mr. HARDWICK. Yes. The usual plan is to print it as a. mercial· use. 'I'bere are two points to remember-the safety and the document merely. I withdraw the modification of my request. convenience of postal savings. Parcel post has recently been so enlarged and extended by the in­ Mr. RAKER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yieid? crease to 20 pounds of the weight limit for the first and second zones The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from Georgia yield? and by the reduction of rates that it opens a vast market for butter and Mr. HARDWICK. I do. eggs, vegetables, and fruit. Every farmer may now do a "mail-order" busine s. He stands on the same basis with the largest shipper of small Mr. RAKER. Does not the gentleman think it would be packages. There o.re no rebates in a Government monopoly. He can do proper nnd appropriate to have a copy of the full proceeding as away with the long, tiresome trips to the town market by securing regu­ they occurred in connection with this celebration? '.rhe history, lar customers and supplying them by parcel post. He can save the small or large quantities of fruit that otherwise would be lost in the of the whole affair is there. stress of more important farm operations by putting it all in baskets l\Ir. DYER. Oh, that would be printed by the authorities in and mailing to the city. He can do this because the rural carrier will Philadelphia. receive his packages for delivery at his own door, and there is no time lost. The convenience of this service will eventually encourage farmers l\Ir. RAKER. Very well. to raise more garden truck and to go more extensively into the poultry Mr. HARDWICK. l\fr. Speaker, I will not modify my request business. The .Parcel post enables the business farmer to Rave the mid­ until after it has been submitted just as I made it. dlemen's commission by delivering his produce at the door of the city or town customers. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Georgia [l\fr. lIARD­ The rural routes of the postal service reach 20,000,000 people who WICK] asks unanimous consent to print the addresses of the have never before had an express service. This is the class to be most President and the Speaker deliyered in Philadelphia on Satur­ greatly benefited by parcel post, but it will not be surprising 11 the farmer is inclined to be slow in grasping the benefits and opportunities. day last in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and as a House doCU· You who preside over this vast rural express business of the Govern­ ment. Is there objection? ment should ee to it that the parcel-post facilities are brought forcibly l\Ir. DYER. l\Ir. Speaker, reserving the right to object, will to the attention of your patrons. By so doing you will greatly ~d them, the gentleman yield? increase the importance of your office, and by actually creatmg com­ merce promote materially the prosperity of our country. Mr. HARDWICK. Certainly. Encoura"'c your rural patrons to use the mails and the newspapers Mr. DYER. I would like the gentleman to state whether his for finding tbe most advantageous market. Point out that every market within 150 miles i now within reach. Stimulate their ingenuity and request is to be considered as asking to have all of the Speaker's imagination by devi ing original expedients for their use. Quicken address printed or just that portion that he gave to the news­ them by illustrations and examples. The mails will now ca1·ry half­ papers? I think the last part of his speech was better than busbel baskets of spinach and lettuce and 20-pound hampers containing the first. [Laughter.] from 1 to 3 peck of cncumbe1·s, onions, and cabbage. One hamper may be packed with an a sortment of products to supply a family for 1\fr. HARDWICK. All of it. se>el'al days. Such a market basket might contain, for instance, 2 pounds 1\Ir. l\IANN. It was all good. of bnttel', 2 dozens of eg"S, 2 spring chickens, 2 quarts of strawberries, 2 ouru:ts of green peas, a half peck of spinach, and a supply of onions, l\!r. COX. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous con ent to modify radishes, lettuce, and rhubarb. Such a package will now be received the request of the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. HARDWICK] from tbe farmer at his own door, carried anywhere within luO miles, and make that publication 25,000 copies, if he thinks the 50,000 and laid at the door of his cmitomer for 24 cents. More than this, the It package may be inAured against loss and the price collected and returned too large. is a valuable document. to him for a small charge. Mr. HARDWICK. If the gentleman will p'\rdon me, we WUAPPING AND LABELIXG P.\R EL·POST PACKAGES. ought to haV"e an estimate of wllat it will cost. Much of the responsibility of popularizing the parcel:post service Mr. MANN. The ordinary way is to haYe the usual number and of guaranteeing its eft'ectlveness to the public rests with the post- printed first. ·

• 1913. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 5809

Mr. HARDWICK. I do not want to make a request for the comprehended it, there should come into his mind those pro­ printing of a document that will run into the 'thousands of found impulses of sympathy which connect him with the rest copie without some knowledge of i s cost. of mankind, for politics is a business of interpretation. and no Mr. COX. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? men are fit for it who do not see and seek more than their own Mr. HARDWICK. Yes. advantage and interest. Mr. COX. Will the gentleman take the trouble to investigate We have stumbled upon many unhappy circumstances in the the cost and Inter on renew his request? hundred years that have gone by since the event that we are Mr. HARDWICK. Yes. I will do that later on; but simply celebrating. Almost all of them have come from self-centered to print it first as a public docament will not cost very much. men, men who saw in their own interest the interest of the Mr. DO,. 'OVAN. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, country, and who did not have vision enough to read it in wider does the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. HARDWICK], as I under­ terms, in the universal terms of equity and justi<'e and the stood him to say a little while ago, mean to have the whole rights of mankind. I hear a great mahy people at Fourth of of the remarks spoken by the President printed, and of the July celebrations laud the Declaration of Independence who Speaker as well? Is that right? in between Julys shiver at the plain l~nguage or onr bills of Mr. HARDWICK. That is what I meant; the complete ad­ rights. The Declaration of Independence was, indeed, the first dresses dellvered by them. - audible breath of liberty, but the substance of liberty is written Mr. DONOVAN. I understand the Speaker, at a certain in such documents as the declaration of rights attached, for stage of his remarks, said, "This is from the written part of example, to the first constitution of Virginia, which was a model my utterance, and the balance will be impromptu." [Laugh­ for the similar documents read elsewhere into our great funda­ ter.] Are we to get the second part. which was the best part mental charters. That document speaks in very plain terms. of the speech? [Laughter.] The latter part was the better The men of that generation did not hesitate to say that every part. We want it all. Is that the idea? people has a right to choose its own forms of government, not Mr. HARDWICK. I wi11 say to the gentleman that we will once but as often as it pleai::;es, and to accommodate those forms get it all if we can. If we can not get it all we will get as of government to its existing interests aud circumstances. Not much as we can. only to establish but to alter is the fundamental principle of Mr. DO NOV AN. The stereotyped part was the first part. self-government. Mr. HARDWICK. If the Speaker will furnish it we shall We are just as much under compulsion to study the particular have it all. circumstances of our own day as the gentlemen were who sat Mr. DO NOVAN . Mr. Speaker, I think the gentleman ought in this hall and set us precedents, not of what to do but of to be allowed. before this consent is given, to extend the por­ how to do it. Liberty inheres in the circumstances of the day. tion uttered by the Speaker later on. as no doubt he can get it. Human happiness consists in the life which human beings are Mr. HARDWICK. Yes; we are going to do that. leading at the time that they live. I can feed my memory as The SPEAKER. Well, I will put an end to that part of the happily upon the circumstances of the rE-Volutionary and con­ di cussion by saying that I will write out that part of the stitutional period as you can, but I can not feed all my pur­ address ·which was delivered extemporaneously on that occa­ poses with them in Washington now. Every day problems arise sion. [Laughter.] Is there objection? [After a pause.] The which wear some new phase and aspect, and I must fall back, Cha fr hears none, and lt is so ordered. ff I would serve my conscience, upon those things which are , The addresses are as follows: fundamental rather than upon those things which are super­ ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT WILSON. fi<'ial, and ask myself this question, How are you going to IDelivered at Phila<'l «>l pbia, Pa., on the occasion of the rededication German Empire upon the model constantly necessary to come away from Washington and renew of our dual government. one's contacts with the people who do not swarm there, who Be it ours to preserve, strengthen, and perpetuate our free do not a~k for anything, but who do trust you without their institutions, thereby transmitting to our descendants the rich­ personal counsel to do your duty. Unless a man gets these con­ est heritage ever possessed by the children of men. tacts be grows weaker and weaker. He needs them as Her­ Ladies and gentlemen, the words I have just spoken consti. cules needed the touch of mother earth. If you lifted him up tute the written speech which I gave out in advance to the news. too high or he lifts himself too high, he loses the contact and papers because they wanted it. Now I am going to say a few therefore loses the inspiration. things pertinent to the occasion for my own satisfaction. I love to think of those plain men, howevP.r far from p!ain From the smallest beginning we have risen to a commanding their dress sometimes was, who assembled in this hall. One position. is startled to think of the variety of costume and color which Truly does Emerson say : would now occur if we were let loose upon the fashions of that We live in a new and exceptional age. America is another word fo1• opportunity. Our entire history appears like a last effort of Divine age. Men's lack of taste is largely concealed now by the liinita­ Providence in behalf of the human race. tions of fashion. Yet these men who sometimes dressed like the peacock were, nevertheless, of the ordinary flight of their time. Those words of the great Concord philosopher were fitly They were birds of a feather; they were birds come from a spoken and are like apples of gold in pictures of silver. very simple breeding; they were much in the open heaven. Our growth µi every respect has been, indeed, phenomenal. They were beginning, when there was so little to distract their In 1800 we had 5,308,483 people. In 1910 our population was attention, to show that they could live upon fundamental prin­ 91,972,266 in continental America alone, exclusive of Alaska, ciples of gornrnment We talk those principles, but we have not Hawaii, Guam, Porto Rico, the Philippines, and the Canal Zone. time to absorb them. We have not time to let them into our If our population increases at that rate for the next 110 :vears blood, and thence have them translated into the plain mandates in 2010 it will number 2,000,000,000 souls-500,000,000 ~more of action. than are supposed to be on earth to-day. It makes one think The very smallness of this room, the very simplicity of it. all, of Andrew Carnegie's gorgeous vision of "The United States all the suggestions which come from its restoration, are reas­ of the World." Not long since Mr. Secretary of Agriculture suring things, things which it becomes a man to realize. There­ James Wilson declared in a public address that if the Mis­ fore, my theme here to-day, my only thought, is a very simple sissippi Valley were cultivated for all it is worth on the average mie. Do not let us go back to the annals of those sessions of one acre would support one human beina, which would give Congress to find out what to do, because we live in another age us 1,250,000,000 citizens betwixt the top of the Alleghenies and and the circumstances are absolutely different; but let us be the crest of the Rockies. men of that kind; let us feel at every turn the compulsions of When .Mr. Speaker Frederick Augustus :Muhlenberg called the principle and of honor which they felt; let us free our vision House of the First Congress to order, he presided over a House from temporary circumistances and look abroad at the horizon composed of 56 Members. Now I preside over a House com­ and take into our lungs the great air of freedom which has posed of 435 Members, to say nothing of two Territorial Dele­ blown through this country and stolen across the seas and gates and three Resident Commissioners from Porto Rico and blessed people everywhere; and, looking east and west and the Philippines. In the beginning the ratio for a Representative north and south, let us remind ourselves that we are the custo­ in Congress was 33.000; now it is 212,500. With the first ratio dians, in some degree, of the principles which have made men and our present population the House of Representatives would free and governments just. consist of 2,787 Representatives. · In 113 years our total wealth multiplied 125 fold and is now ADDRESS OF HON. CHAl\IP CLARK. rated by statisticians at the enormous sum of one hundred and [Delive1·ed at Philadelphia, Pa., Saturday, October 25, 1913.] forty billions of dollars, which, if equally distributed, would give In the history of America there are certain great epochal $1,312 to every man, woman, and child between the two oceans. events which we can all most heartily and enthusiastically But there's the rub, for while ·a few are rich beyond the dream celebrate. Among these are the discovery of the new world, of avarice, many have not the wherewithal to feed and clothe the first white settlement at Jamestown, the landing of the themselves. I am fain to believe that the crowning glory of tho Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock, Patrick Henry's great lyric spe~ch philosophy, statecraft, humanitarianism, and rellgion of the in the Virginia House of Burgesses which precipitated the twentieth century will be to devise a scheme whereby every Ilevolution and which still stirs the heart like strains of martial man, and every woman, too, shall enjoy the usufruct of his own music, the skirmish at Lexington, where the embattled farmers labor and to prevent one greedy soul from monopolizing the fired the shot beard around the world, the Declaration of Inde­ toil and sweat and lives of thousands. The signs of the times pendence, the surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, the indicate that that dream is not too fantastic for entertainment. adoption of the Constitution, and the purchase of the Louisiana That glad era began when N. 0. Nelson, of St. Louis, originated Territory, which made us a world power. the plan of sharing profitc:i with his employees. I humbly antl Philadelphia was the scene of two of these vastly important reverently thank God this day that he is a Missomian. Some and far-reaching transactions-the promulgation of the Decla­ of the great manufacturing concerns, railroads, and insurance ration and the making of the Constitution. The former pub­ companies are establishing pension systems for their employees lished our theory of government; the latter set forth the plan disabled by sickness, accident, or old age, which put to blush to put that theory into effect. The Declaration is the most the .liberal pension system of the Federal Government for the splendid state paper in all the hoary registers of time; the Con­ soldiers of our various wars. I say blessed be the name of the stitution bas been pronounced the greatest single emanation of man foreTer, without regard to politics or religion, who estab­ the human mind. The majestic sweep of the Declaration helped lishes abiding peace between labor and capital, which should be us secure our liberty. A man of sensibility can not read it, friends and not enemies. eveu at this late day, . without his blood flowing faster. For Should our wealth incrense for the next 1J3 years at the rate 137 years it has been a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of of the last 113, in the year 202G it will amount to seventeen fire by night to people everywhere struggling for the freedom trillions five hundred billions of uollar • a ·um o stupen· to which all men ::ire entitled. · dous as to be incomprehensible by the mathematical powers ot If tll~re were saints in the political calendar as there are in the human mind. the religious nnd if particuiar days were assigned to particulai· , In 1800 our territory was circu11Hicribeu by tlle Atlantic on snints the Fourth. of July would be univers::tl1y called Saint the east, the l\Iississippi on 'the west, thi Gre.1t Lakes on the 1913. \ . .CONGRESSIONAL . RECORD-HOUSE. 5811 north, and the Floridas on the south. It did not even touch the The question being taken, the Speaker announced that th9 Gulf of l\lexico. Now it extends from the sunrise side of Porto ayes appeared to have it. Rico in the east.to the Lord only knows where in the west. l\lr. MANN. I ask for the yeas and nays. In 1800 we were a fourth-rate power, a feeble folk of little The yeas and nays were ordered. . value in the world's calculations and plans. Now we are . in The question was taken; and there were-yeas 61, nays 24, the front rank, and there is not an emperor, czar, king, prince, answered " present" 8, not voting 335, as follows : potentate, or premier who does not lie awake of nights trying to discover what we will do next. The President of the United YEAS-61. Abercrombie Crosser Hughes, Ga. Reilly. Conn. States has more real power than any ruler on earth, the reason Aiken Dent Hull Russell being tha~ so soon as any man is elected President he is the As well Donohoe Jacoway "Shackleford President of all Americans of whatever persuasion, religious or Beakes Doremus Johnson, Ky. Sims Bell. Ga. Doughton Johnson, S. C. Sisson political. Brumbaugh Estopinal Keating Small In 1800 churches were like angels' visits, few and far be­ Buchanan, Ill. Evans Kirkpatrick Stone tween. The advent of the preacher into a community was the Buchanan, Tex. Flood, Va. Lee, Pa. Stout Bulkley Garrett, Tex. Linthicum Tavenner event of the season, sometimes of the year. Now the average Burgess George Lloyd Ten Eyck citizen lives within less than 4 miles of a place of worship and Byrns, Tenn. Gray Lobeck Watkins preachers and priests are as plentiful as candidates in a Re­ Candler, Miss. Hamlin McDermott WhitacTe Carlin Hammond Maguire, Nebr. Young, Tex. publican primary in Philadelphia. These facts are not to be Casey • Hay Page despised even by statesmen, for the wisest man that ever lived Ch arch Henry Pepper said: "Righteousness exalteth a nation; but sin is a reproach Cox Hensley Raker to any people." NAYS-24. The majority of the men who fought in fhe Revolutionary Anderson Dyer Kennedy, Iowa Patton, Pa. War could not read and write. According to the last census less Avis Fowler La Follette Powers than 8 per cent of our white people were classed as illiterate. Barton Frear Lindquist Sharp Bell, Cal. Hawley MacDonald Sinnott Wllen George Washington was first sworn in as President Browne, Wis. Johnson, Utah Manahan Steenerson there were about a dozen colleges in the United States, every Donovan Kelly, Pa. Murdock Sutherland one of them i.n imminent aunger of dying of what the doctors Al~SWEUED "PRESENT "-8. call anemia-that is, poverty of the blood. Now a million Cary Hardwick Mann Smith, Minn. ambitious boys and girls are preparing themselves for the im­ Falconer Hayden Morrison Woods portant and onerous duties of American citizenship at 500 uni­ versities and colleges, not to mention high-class academies. I NOT VOTING-33G. Adair Deitrick Helm Moore myself have lectured to one audience composed entirely of the Adamson Dersnem Helvering Morgan, La. teachers and students of one university which numbered more Ainey Dickinson Hill Morgan, Okla. persons tllan did the army with which Sam Houston established Alexander Dies Ilinds l\lorin Allen Difenderfer Hinebaugh Moss, Ind. the liberty of Texas on the red field of San Jacinto. A.nsberry Dillon Hobson l\loss, W. Va. It is said to have been the wish dearest to the heart of Henry IV, Anthony Dixon Holland l\lott tlle O'reatest of the Bourbon Kings, that France might become Ashbrook Dooling Houston Murray, Mass. Austin Doolittle Howard Murray, Okla. so prosperous that e>ery Frenchman might ha>e a fowl in the Bailey Driscoll Howell Neeley pot for his Sunday dinner, which does not seem much of a Baker Dunn Hoxworth Nelson boon to us meat eaters in this rich and favored land. If I Baltz Dupre Hughes, W. Va. Nolan, J. I. Barchfeld Eagan Hulings Norton had one prayer fo1· the American Republic which I knew would Barkley Eagle Humphrey, Wash. O'Brien be answered, it would be that every American citizen should Barnhart Edmonds Humphreys, Miss. Oglesby be sufficientlv educnted to read his ballot intelligently on elec­ Bartholdt Edwards Igoe O'Ilair Bartlett Elder Johnson, Wash. Oldfield tion day and sufficien°tly courageous to cast it as becomes an Bathrick Esch Jones O'Leary American freeman. Beall, Tex. Fairchild Kahn O'Shaunessy Blackmon Faison The small but goodly company of heroes and statesmen w~o Keister Padgett Booher Farr Kelley, Mich. Palmer once sat in this Hnll and legislated for the nascent Republic Borchers Fergusson Kennedy, Conn. Parkei' w-rought wisely and patriotically in the cause of human free­ Borland Ferris Kennedy, R. I. Patten, N. Y. dom. We also of this day who are intrusted with power-the Bowdle Fess Kent Payne Bremner Fields· Kettner Peters, Mass. President mid his administration and both Houses of Congress­ Britten Finley Key, Ohio Peters, Me. work energetically, patriotically, and wisely, I hope, for the Brockson Fitzgerald Kiess, Pa. Peterson Brodbeck FitzHenry Kindel Phelan public weal. Broussard Floyd, Ark. Kinkaid, Nebr. Platt The greatest achievement to our credit is that we ha>e taught Brown, N. Y. Ford.Dey Kinkead, N. J. Plumley all the :p1eoples of the earth that men can govern themsel>es­ Brown, W. Va. Foster Kitchin Porter Browning Francis Knowland, J. R. Post a glorious fact of which we may well be proud. Bruckner French Kon op Pou I have no patience with the pessimists and muckrakers who Bryan Gallagher Korbly Prouty are fore>er predicting the downfall of the Republic and the Burke, Pa. Gard Kreider Quin Burke, S. Dak, Gardner . Lafferty Ragsdale return of chaos. It surely must be that if 3,000,000 backwoods­ Burke, Wis. Garner Langham Rainey men in the dawn of civilization on this continent possessed the Burnett Garrett, Tenn. Langley Rauch wisdom, skill, courage, fortitude, patriotism, and self:abnegation Butler Gerry Lazaro Rayburn Byrnes, S. C. Gillett Lee, Ga. Reed to achieve liberty, we, ninety-odd millions of their descendants, Calder Gilmore L'Engle Reilly, Wis. the very flower of the human race, with a continent for our Callaway Gittins Lenroot Richardson home and the resources of a continent to command. possess the Campbell Glass Lesher Riordan Can trill Godwin, N. C. Lever Roberts, Mass. wisdom, skill, courage, fortitude, patriotism, and sel:Cabnegation Cai;away Goeke Levy Roberts, Nev. to preserve our free institutions for ourselves and our posterity. Carew Goldfogle Lewis, Md. Rogers When I look into the faces of my children my heart swells Carr Good Lewis, Pa. Rothermel Carter Goodwin, Ark. Lieb Rouse with ineffable pride to think that they are citizens of this Chandler, N. Y. Gordon Lindbergh Ru bey mighty Republic, one and indivisible, built not for a day but for Clancy Gorman Logue Rucker all time, and destined under God to be the dominating influence · Clark, Fla. Goulden Lonergan Rupley Claypool Graham, HI. Mc Andrews Sa bath th1;ough all the centuries yet to be. · Clayton Graham. Pa. McClellan Saunders Cline Green, Iowa McCoy Scott LEAVE TO WITHDRAW PAPERS-JOSEPII MOORE. Collier Greene, Mass. McGillicuddy Scully Connelly, Kans. Greene, Vt. McGuire, Okla. Seldomridge By unanimous consent, at the request of Mr. DYER, len>e was Connolly, Iowa Gregg Mc Kellar Sells granted to withdraw from the files of the House, without leaving Conry Griest McKenzie Sherley copies, the papers in the case of Joseph· Moore (H. R. 21843, Cooper Griffin l\lcLaughlin Sherwood Copley GadgeL' ~lad den Shreve 62d Cong., 2d sess.), no adverse report having been made Covington . Guernsey Mahan Slayden thereon. Cramton Hamill ·Maher Slemp ADJOURNMENT. Crisp Hamilton, Mich. Mapes Sloan - Cullop, Hamilton, N. Y. Martin Smith, Idaho Curley Hardy Merritt Smith, J.M. C. 1\fr. JOHNSO:N of Kentucky. Mr. Speaker, I mo-re that th8 Carry Harrison l\fetz , mith, l\Id. House do now adjourn. Dale Hart Miller Smith, N. Y. · Mr. l\IANN. Oh, no. [Laughter.] Danforth H::iugcn Mitchell Smith, Sarni. W. Davenport Hayes Mondell Smith, Tex. . The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Kentucky mofes that Davis Heflin Montague Sparkman the Holl;Se do_now adjourn. .Decker Ilelgesen l\loon Stafford L-365 5812 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. OCTOBER 27,

Stan!ey Talcott. S. Y. Tr:ibble- Webb. • Mr. KoNoP with Mr. l\foRIN. Stedman Taylor. Ala. Tuttle Whaley Stephens, Cal. Taylor, Ark. DnderhiII White Ur. KETTNER with Mr. ScoTT. Stephens, Miss. 'J'aylor, Colo. Underwood Williams Mr. LEVY with Mr. ROBERTS of Massachusetts. Stephens, Nebr. Taylor, N Y. Vare Willis Mr. LONERGAN with l\1r. RooERs. Stephens. Tex. Temple· Va U2:ban Wilso~ ,Fla. Steven , Minn. Thacher Vol::;tead Wil o~ N. Y. Mr. 1\fcGILLicunny with :Mr. GUER.-SEY. Stevens, N. H. Thomas WnJ er Wingo Mr. McCLELLAN with Mr. LEwrs of Pennsylrnnia. Stringer 'Thompson, Okla. Wallin Winslow Mr. l\IoNTAGUE with Mr. VARE. Sumners Thomson, Ill. Wal h Witbrri;;ooon Switzer Towner Walters Woodruff 1\Ir. MooN with l\lr. Dn.LO"N. 'J'aggat·t Townsend Watson Young, N. DaL Mr. MORG N of Louisiana with l\Ir. HULINGS. Talbo~rMd. Treadway Weaver Mr. MORRISON with fr. HUMPHREY of Washington. So the motion to adjourn was agreed to. ll,lr: MCKELLAR with Mr. MOTT. ThP Clery announced the following pairs: l\Ir. p ALMER with l\Ir. COPLEY. For the e ·on: Mr. PETERSON with Mr. PLATT (commencing Oct. 13). Mr. SLAYDEN with Mr. BARTHOLDT. :Ur. PHELAN with Mr. S::\fITH of Minnesota (commencing Ocil. .Mr. ScuLLY with Mr. BROWNING. 24 until Nov. 15) . Mr. METZ with ~1r. W A.LL.l'N. Mr. POST with Ur-. SMITH of Idaho. l\Ir. HOBSON with Mr. FAIRCHILD. Mr. RAINEY with l\fr. l\IADDEN. l\Ir. BARTLETT with Mr. BU'L'LER. Mr. RUCKER with l\fr. HAUGEN. Mr. ADAMSON with Mr. STE ENS of Minnesota. Mr. THOMP ON of Oklnhoma with l\Ir. DANFOBTII. Mr. UNDERWOOD with Mr. MANN. Mr. ROUSE with Mr. RUPLEY. Until further notice: l\fr. RTCHA.RDSOii with Mr. MARTIN. Mr. ALEXANDER with Mr. AUSTIN. !Ir. RUBEY with l\Ir. TREADWAY. Mr. ALLEN with Mr. J.M. C. SMITH (commmencing Oct. 1). Mr. SHERWOOD with Mr. SAMUEL W. SMITH. Mr. ASHBROOK with lli. KAHN. Mr. HERLEY with Mr. CooPER (commencing Oct 23 until Mr. BALTZ with Mr. SHREVE. Nov. 15). l\Ir. BARKLEY with l\Ir. FALCONER. Mr. SPARKMAN with Mr. HOWELL. Mr. BAILEY with Mr. FEss. l\fr. SUMNERS with l\ r. EscH. Mr. BARNHART with Mr. 1\1.APES. Mr. SAUNDERS with Mr. A.IID.'Y. Mr. BLACKMON with Mr. BABCHFELD. Mr. "MITH of Texas with Mr. MCLAUGHLIN. Mr. BORLAND with Mr. KEISTER. l\fr. STEDMAN with Mr. FRENCH. Mr. BREMNER with l\Ir. GILLETT. Mr. STEPHENS of Texa with Mr. BuBlrE of South Dakota. l\Ir. BOWDLE with Mr. l\f.oss of West Virg~ l\fr. STEPHENS of Nebr3 ka with l\Ir. SLOAN. Mr. BuBNETT with Mr. HAYES. Mr. TALBOTT of Maryland with Mr. MERRITT. Mr. BBOUSSA.BD with Mr. KELLEY of Michigan. l\Ir. THOMA with Mr-. JOHNSON of Washington {Oct. 2T to Mr. BATHRICK with Mr. NELSON. Nov. 1. inclusive). Mr. BROWN of We t Virginia with Mr. KBEmER. Mr. UNDERHILL with Mr. w ALTERS. Mr. BURKE of Wisconsin with l\Ir. CARY. Mr. WATSUN wfth l\Ir. CRA.MTON. Mr. COLLIER with Mr. Woons. Mr. WILLI.A!MS with Mr. BRITTEN. Mr. CLAYTON with l\1r. 1\101.'w--UELL, Mr. WEBB with Mr. WOODRUFF. . Mr. CLAYPOOL with Mr. BRYAN. Mr. WILSON of Florida with 1\Ir. Goon {cemmencing Oct. 1). Mr. CANTRILL with Mr_ HELGESEN. Jl,fr. WINGO with lUr. p A..R.K.ER. Mr. CA.RA.WAY with Mr. KEN EDY of Rhode Island. 1\fr. WEAVER with l\Ir-; BURKE of Penn ylvnnia. Mr. CRISP with Mr. HmDs ( transfernble-). l\fr. BooHER with Ur. SLEMP (f01 tbe re t of special se ion, Mr. CLANCY with Mr. HAMILTON uf New York. e~cept wben two-thrrds vote required; on party questions, rec­ Mr. CLARK of Florida with l\Ir. Kmss of Pennsylvania. ord to show one party for and one against measure). l\Ir. CoVTNGTON with 1\lr. MILLER. l\Ir. DTCKIN ON with l\lr. KINKAID of Nebraska (after vute on Mr. CARtER with l\.Ir. McGUIRE of Oklahoma. currency, except Rt option of either). l\Ir. CLINE with M.r. NORTON (commencing Oct. 1). Ur. RKED with l\Ir~ WINSLOW (commencing Oct. 1 for remain­ Mr. CONNELLY of Kansas with Mr. HAM;ILTON of Michigan. der of extra session). Mr. CuRLEY with Mr. J. R. KNOWLAND. Mr. WITHERSPUO ~with l\Ir. STEPHENS of CalifornL'l (commenc· Mr. DECKER with Mr. MOORE.. ing Oct. 3, 1913, except on cotton-frrtares amendment). l\Ir. DEI'llRICK with l\Ir. YOUNG of North Dakota. l\1r. THACHER with l\Ir. GREENE of 1\lassachusetts (commen.c­ Mr. DIES with Mr. SWITZER. ing Oct. 16. ending balance of se sion:). Mr. DUPRE with l\1r. ANTHONY. 1\.Ir. FALCONER. Mr. Speaker, I desire tQ. change my vote l\Ir. FRANCIS with l\lr. HUGHES of West Virginia. from "aye" to ' present" · Mr. FITZGERALD with Mr. CALDER. Mr. MA.l"JN. Mr. Speaker, I voted no, but I am paired with Mr. FERRIS with Mr. SELLS. the gentleman from Alabama, Mr. UNDERWOOD I de ire to Mr. FIELDS with Mr. LANGLEY. withdraw my ote and to be recorded "pre ent." Mr. FAISON with Mr. CURRY. Mr. SMITH of Minneota. Mr. Speaker, I run paired with Mr. FosTER. with Mr. GREENE of Vermont. (commencing Oet the gentleman from llla achu eft , l\1r. PE'tER . I wish to with· 27). draw my ote and to vote "present." Mr. FINLEY with Mr. GlmEN of Iowa. The re ult of the vote was announced as above recorded. .Mr. GILMORE with Mr. McKENZIE. Accordingly (at 12 o'clock and 40 minutes p. m.) the House Mr. GA.RD with l\1r. PLUMLEY. adjourned til Tuesday, October 28,. 1913, at 12 o'clock noo~ l\Ir. GERRY with Mr. DAVIS. Mr. GoEKE with Mr. LEw1s of Pennsylvania. Mr. GOODWIN of Arknnsas with Mr. PORTER. EXECUTIVE COMMUNICA..TIONS, ETC. Mr. GRAHAM of Illinois with Mr. PETERS of Maine. Mr. GARNER with Mr. J. I. NOLAN. Under clause 2 of llule XXIV, executive communications 1\fr. GORDO with l\1r. THOMSON of Illinois. were taken from the Speaker's table and referred a follows : l\Ir. GARRETT of Tennes ee with Mr. LANGHAM. 1. A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, Mr. HAYDEN with Mr LAFFERTY. transmitting the finding of fact and conclusion of law in the Mr. HEFLIN with Mr. DUNN. French spoliation claims relating to the vessel sloop Nancy Mr. HEL.M with Mr. TOWNER.. in the case of the Insurance Co. of North America v. United 1\fr. H.AR&1so with Mr. GRAHAM of Pennsylvania. States (H. Doc. No. 262); to the Committee. on Claims and ]!1r. HOXWORTH with Mr. ROBERTS of Nevada. ordered to be printed. Mr. How A.DD with Mr. GRIEST. 2. A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claiml'i~ Mr. HOLL ND witb l\lr. VOLSTEAD (comme~cing Oct. 3). transmitting the findings of fact and conclusions of law in the Mr. HARDWICK with Mr. FoRDNEY (commencing Oct. 1). French spoliation claims relating to the brig Sallv in the cases M'r. Hou. TON with Mr. WILLIS •. ot Insurance Co. of North America v. United States· layhew l\Ir. IGOE w:ith Mr. PROUTY. Adnms, administrator of the estate of Moses A.dams, decea ed', 1\Ir. JONES witb Mr. ·HINEBAUGH. v. United States; and 1\layhew A.dnms, ndrninistrntoT of the Mr. KITCHIN with Mr. PA.YNE. estate of 1\loses Adams, deceased.. v. The United States (H. Doc. Air. KKY of Ohio with Mr. FARB. No. 265); to the Committee on Claims and ordered to be-printed.. '

1913. COKGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE: • 5813

3. A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, By_Mr. LAFFERTY: A bill (H. Il. 9043) providing for the transmitting the finding of fact and conclusions of law in the construction, maintenance, and operation by the Postmaster French spoliation claims relating to the yessel brig Little Maria General of telephone and telegraph lines necessary for the trans­ in the case of the Insurance Co. of North America v. the United mittal of Government messages and for the handling of such States (H. Doc. No. 266) ; to the Committee on Claims and business of the general public as may be offered, and for the ordered to ue printed. acquisition, in the discretion of the Postmaster General, of 4. A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, existing telephone and telegraph lines at the cost of reproduc­ transmitting the findings of fact and conclusions of law in the tion; to the Committee on the Post Office and Post Roads. French spoliation claims relating to the vessel brig Betsey, in By l\Ir. CHURCH: A bill (H. R. D044) to amend an act en­ the case of tlle Insurance Co. of-North America v. United States titled "An act to regulate the immigration of aliens into the (H. Doc. No. 267) ; to tile Committee on Claims and ordered to United States," approved February 20, 1007; to the Committee be printed. on Immigration and Naturalization. 5. A letter from the assistant clerk of· the Court of Claims, By Mr. BELL of Georgia: A bill (H. R. 9045) for increased transmitting the findings of fact and the conclusions of law pay for rural letter carriers; to the Committee on the Post in the E'rench spoliation claims relating to the vessel brig Mi­ Office and Post Roads. nerva in the case of the Insurance Co. of North America v. By Mr. EVANS : A bill (H. R. 9046) granting to various 'United States (H. Doc. No. 268) ;•to the Committee on Claims States public lands for the construction, repair, and mainte­ and ordered. to be printed. nance of public roads; to the Committee on the Public Lands. 6. A letter from the as istant clerk of the Court of Claims, By :Mr. BARTON. Resolution (H. Res. 295) directing the transmitting the findings of fact and conclusions of law in the Secretary of the Treasury to send to the House of Represent­ French spoliation claims relating to the vessel schooner Betsey ative certain information; to the Committee on Ways and in the cases of Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylrnnia v. l\Iea11s. United States;· C. D. Vasse, administrator of Ambrose Vasse, v. United States; William D. Squires, administrator of Henry Pratt, survh'ing partner of Pratt & Kintzing, v. United States; PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS. George Harrison Fisher, adminish·ator of Jacob Ridgway, sur­ Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, private bills and resolutions viving partner of Smith & Ridgway, v. United States; J. Bayard were introduced and severally referred as follows: Henry, administrator of Charles Ross and John Simso~, v. By l\Ir. ADAIR: A bill (H. R. 9047) granting an increase of United States; Francis A. Lewis, adminish·ator of Peter Blight, pension to Mary Thomas; to the Committee on Invalid Pen­ v. United States; Samuel Bell, administrator of Stephen Dutilh sions. anu John G. Wacksmuth, v. United States; George W. Guthrie, By Mr. CARY: A bill (H. R. 9048) granting a pe11sion to John administrator of Alexander Murray, surviving partner of Miller Hughes; to the Committee on Pensions. & Murray, v. United States; Crawford D. Henning, adminis­ By l\Ir. DIXON: A bill (H. R. 9-049) granting an increase of trator of Abi~ah Dawes, v. United States; J. Bayard Henry, ad­ pension to Margarette Williams; to the Committee on Invalid ministrator of John Leamy, v. United States; Pennsylvania Co. Pensio11s. for Insurance on Lives, etc., administrator of Thomas M. Will­ By ~Ir. HAY: A bill (H. R. 9050) granting a pension to Edith ing, surviving partner of Willing & Francis, v. United Sta~es; V. Pannett; to the Committee on Pensions. Sara Leaming, administratrix of Thomas Murgatroyd, v. Umted By l\Ir. LANGLEY: A bill (H. R. 9051) granting an increase States (H. Doc. No. 263); to the Committee on Claims and or- of pension to James W. Hogg; to the Committee on Invalid dered to be printed. · Pensions. 7. A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, Also, a bill (H. R. 9052) granting an increase of pension to transmitting the findings of fact and conclusions of law in the Nancy Riley; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. French spoliation claims relating to the vessel brig Jane in the By Mr. .MAGUIRE of Nebraska: A bill (II. R. 9053) granting cases of the Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania v. The an increase of pension to James W. Thomas; to the Committee United States; George Harrison Fisher, administrator of Jacob on Invalid Pensions. Ridgway, v. United States; and George Harrison Fisher, aclmin­ By Mr. MOSS of West Virginia: A bill (H. R. 9054) granting istrator of Jacob Ridgway, surviving partner of Smith and Ridg­ an increase of pension to George J. Wilson; to the Committee way, v. United States (H. Doc. No. 269); to the Committee on on InYalid Pensions. Claims and ordered to be printed. 8. A letter from the assistant clerk of the Court of Claims, By Mr. RUSSELL: A bill (H. R. 0055) for the relief of transmitting the :findings of fact and conclusions of law in the J ames T. Anderson; to the Committee on Military Affairs. French spoliation claim relating to the vessel ship Sally in the By l\Ir. Sil\IS: A bill (H. R. 0056) for the re1ief of the legal case of the Insurance Co. of the State of Pennsylvania v. United representatives of Joseph B. Henning, deceased; to the Com­ · States (H. Doc. No. 264) ; to the Committee on Claims and or­ mittee on War Claims. dered to be printed. By l\Ir. SMITH of Minnesota: A bill (H. R. 0057) granting 9. A letter from the Acting Secretary of Agriculture, trans­ an increase of pension to William Schahn; to tlte Committee on mitting records pertaining to the exchange entered into between Pensions. the Santa Barbara Tie & Pole Co. and the Secretary of Agri­ By l\Ir. SUTHERLAND: A bill (H. R. 9058) for the relief culture involving lands within the Pecos and Zuni National of the heirs of James A. Smith; to the Committee on War Forests, N. Mex., in accordance with House resolution 249; to Claims. the Committee on Agriculture. Also, a bill (H. R. 9059) granting an increase of pension to William FJ. Long; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. CH.lliGE OF REFERENCE. Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged PETITIONS, ETC. from the consideration of the following bills, which were re- Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid ferred as follows: . on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows : A bill (H. R. 4245) granting a pension to Mary M. Krafft; By Mr. CARY : Petition of the Independent Petroleum l\Iar­ Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, and referred to the ,keters' Association of the United States, fnvo·ring a 1-cent-letter­ Committee on Pensions. A bill (H. R. 0024) granting an increase of pension to John postage rate; to the Committee on Post Offices and Post Roads. 'L. Doyle; Committee on Pensions discharged, and referred to By Mr. KIESS of Pennsylvania: Evidence in support of the Committee on Invalid Pensions. House bill 8993, for the relief of Daniel Engler; to the Com­ mittee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. LAFFERTY: l\Iernorial of Appomattox Post. No. 34, PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. Grand Army of the Republic, Department of Oregon, protesting Under clause 3 of Rule L~II. bills, resolutions, and memo­ against any change in the American flag ; to tbe Committee on rials were introduced and severally referred as follows: the Judiciary. , By Mr. HAY: A bill (H. R. 9041) to provide for the purchase By l\Ir. STEENERSON: Petition of the Commercial Clubs of of a site and the erection thereon of a public building at Luray, Thief River Falls, Roseau, Warroad, Roosernlt, Internationai Va.; to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. Falls, Spooner, and Baudette, Minn., fayoring tllc conser,.ation, Also, a bill (H. R. 0042) to permit sales by supply depart­ reclamation, and impro\·ement of the ceded Indian lands re­ ments of the Army to certain military schools and colleges; to maining unentered in the State of .Minnesota; to the Committee the Committee on Military A.ffairs. on Indian Affairs.