(Thunnus Alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788) and Comprehensive Overview
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SCRS/2020/059 Collect. Vol. Sci. Pap. ICCAT, 77 (7): 143-162 (2020) ADDITIONS TO THE ITALIAN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON ALBACORE (THUNNUS ALALUNGA, BONNATERRE, 1788) AND COMPREHENSIVE OVERVIEW Antonio Di Natale1 SUMMARY After the very first attempt to list together the many papers published so far on albacore (Thunnus alalunga) by Italian scientists, concerning the biology of this species, the fisheries and many other scientific and cultural issues, it was necessary to prepare an addition to the annotated bibliography published in 2019. Therefore, the present paper provides an additional 71 papers, all annotated with specific key words, which brings the available papers on this species to 290, all duly annotated. This paper also provides an overview of the papers published over the centuries, the main authors and the score of the main topics and themes included in the papers. This updated bibliography was set together to serve scientists and help them find some rare references that might be useful for their work. RÉSUMÉ Après la première tentative d’établir une liste des nombreux articles publiés à ce jour sur le germon (Thunnus alalunga) par des scientifiques italiens, concernant la biologie de cette espèce, la pêche et bien d'autres questions scientifiques et culturelles, un complément à la bibliographie annotée publiée en 2019 s’est avéré nécessaire. Par conséquent, le présent document fournit 71 articles supplémentaires, tous annotés avec des mots clés spécifiques, ce qui porte à 290 le nombre d'articles disponibles sur cette espèce, tous dûment annotés. Ce document fournit également un aperçu des articles publiés au cours des siècles, les principaux auteurs et la note des principaux sujets et thèmes inclus dans ceux-ci. Cette bibliographie mise à jour a été établie pour les scientifiques afin de les aider à trouver des références rares qui pourraient leur être utiles dans leurs travaux. RESUMEN Tras el primer intento de establecer una lista conjunta de numerosos trabajos publicados hasta la fecha sobre el atún blanco (Thunnus alalunga) por científicos italianos, relativos a la biología de esta especie, las pesquerías y muchas otras cuestiones científicas y culturales, fue necesario preparar una adición a la bibliografía anotada publicada en 2019. Por lo tanto, el presente documento proporciona 71 documentos adicionales, todos ellos anotados con palabras clave específicas, lo que eleva a 290 los documentos disponibles sobre esta especie, todos ellos debidamente anotados. En el presente documento también se ofrece un panorama general de los documentos publicados a lo largo de los siglos, los principales autores y la clasificación de los principales temas y asuntos incluidos en los documentos. Esta bibliografía actualizada se reunió para servir a científicos y ayudarles a hallar algunas raras referencias que podrían resultarles útiles para su trabajo. KEYWORDS Albacore, Thunnus alalunga, bibliography, biology, reproduction, feeding, migrations, economy, history, fisheries, catches, CPUE, gear impact, techniques, technology, systematics, nomenclature, heavy metals, stocks, traditions, systematics, rules, regulation, economy, history. 1 Aquastudio Research Institute, Via Trapani 6, 98121 Messina, Italy. [email protected] 143 1. Foreword After the publication of the very first annotated bibliography of Italian authors on albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788) (Garibaldi et al., 2019), it was clear the need to further explore the archives for recovering additional papers which escaped form the previous review. As it was reported in the previous paper (Garibaldi et al., 2019), the Mediterranean stock of albacore is considered different from the two Atlantic ones, is managed separately by ICCAT and many foreign collegues working on this species suppose that the Mediterranean stock is poorly documented. This is probably due to the fact that many papers are written in Italian, a language which is not one of the three used in ICCAT (English, French and Spanish) and possibly some scientists may have problems in understanding the contents. Many papers on albacore were written also by Spanish, French, Greek and Turkish colleagues. However, most of the modern studies on albacore had Italian, Spanish or Greek authors, even if Italian authors are clearly the large majority. Therefore, it is again a sort of national proudness to provide an update of the first list of papers on albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788) that was published in 2019, annotating them with keywords for improving the opportunities to detect them with an electronic searching engine. Another reason for setting-up the annotated bibliography on this species is because many papers are not available in electronic format and therefore some young colleagues, who are not used to study and mine in traditional libraries anymore, seem not able to detect the studies that have been carried out so far on the many aspects of this species, therefore sometimes duplicating efforts and not taking into account the previous scientific findings. The importance of an annotated bibliography on albacore (Thunnus alalunga) is clear, even if, in addition to the paper published in 2019 by Garibaldi et al., this species was also included in the monumental annotated bibliography provided by Corwin (1929), followed by the updating by Van Campen and Hoven (1956), and the two specific on this species by Le Gall (1974 and 1981), a set of annotated bibliographies which provided a treasure of references on albacore. Not-annotated literature reviews on tunas, including albacore, were provided by Cavanna (1880), Collette and Nauen (1983), Bailey (1986) and Pillai and Mallia (2007). 2. Criteria The bibliography on albacore (Thunnus alalunga) included in this work was selected when an Italian scientist was the only author of a paper or when one or more Italian scientists were among the authors of collective papers. This was the only criterium used for selecting and including the papers, independently if they were peer-review papers, books, not-peer-review papers, papers presented in conferences or meetings or congresses, reports to public administrations or project reports. Of course, each paper included in the list shall be directly related to albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788), even if, in some cases, the albacore is concerned by just a part of the text. This work implied also checking all bibliographic references listed in each paper, in a sort of a never-ending work, but this difficult approach allowed to find also rare local or even forgotten papers. For the very ancient papers, it was reported the first edition that it was possibly to find, independently from the date of the original work. When vernacular names or old scientific names were used in the original paper, sometimes they were possibly listed in the annotation. The annotations required each paper to be checked in detail and this implied an additional and huge workload. The annotations show the main subjects in the content and, it was done in the previous paper by Garibaldi et al. (2019), the descriptors proposed by ASFIS (Fagetti, Privett and Sears, 2009) have been mostly used, adding additional descriptors when necessary. As concerns the species included in each reference, both the international common name(s) and the Latin name(s) were used. 3. Discussion As it was previously reported by Garibaldi et al (2019), one of the major problem for this additional list was again the need to homogenise the style of all citations, which were reported under many different styles. Apparently, this fact can appear as a minor problem, but it required a very important amount of work and time. 144 Another problem, which is possibly limiting also this additional list, is that several papers are including references on albacore tuna which are not mentioned in the title or in the abstract or even in the index, making difficult to detect when this species in mentioned in a paper or book. Furthermore, in old times this species was possibly confused with the bluefin tuna and, consequently, quite often reported as “tuna”; therefore, in those cases, it was impossible to discriminate if any albacore was included in that paper. The number of titles which are now available, including those reported in 2019, surely constitutes a very useful and unique reference list for all the colleagues working on Mediterranean albacore (Thunnus alalunga, Bonnaterre, 1788). The opportunities provided by the web are improving the number of available articles on this species and its fisheries. This annotated bibliography required again an incredible amount of work and a lot of attention, due to the fact that several documents were published not only by marine scientists, but by historians, economists, sociologists or economists, making the search very wide and difficult, certainly very multidisciplinary. Even limiting the bibliography to the works where an Italian scientist was among the authors, the number of citations that it was possible to discover so far is important, being anyway conscious that the list is certainly incomplete and possibly it will never be complete. In many cases, when checking a document, it was possible to discover additional literature which was previously not available, transforming a part of this work as a continuous journey following an Ariadne’s thread. Going through the various titles (and the text behind) in the bibliography it is possible to find important amounts of catch data, of fishery and biological information, historical environmental information, social and economic aspects and several data about the impact of the albacore fishery on other species. This work is providing and listing additional 71 papers, which are now added to the previous list provided by Garibaldi et al., (2019), bringing the total to 290 papers2 (Figure 1). The large majority of the papers were edited in the XX century, with few contributions in previous centuries (even if one book was reporting this species in 1777, before its official description). Most of the ancient papers were produced in the second part of the XIX century.