Index

Abhidharma, 143 atonement theory/soteriology (how ’ Abraham, 13, 85 death saved humanity), 54 Abu Talib, 10 Augustine, 57–8, 69, 81 Acts of the Apostles, 47 aum (om) shanti (silence, tranquility of Afghanistan, 21, 35, 219 mind, listening to inner voice, etc.), 180 ‘afw (forgiveness), 41 Ayoub, Mahmoud M., 11, 18–19 (), 180–2 Aztecs, 110 Ali, Abdullah Yusuf, 17 Alvarado, Pedro, 59 ba (hegemony), 126 American Indian veterans of the US war Babylonian , 83–4, 89, 93–4 against Vietnam, 212 baoli (violence), 123 American Israel Public Affairs Committee, 100 Bar Kosiba, Simon, 93, 105 American Jewish Committee, 101 Beatitudes, 51, 69 Anabaptists, 61 Bell, Daniel, 124 Analects, 112–14, 124 Bhagavad Gita (Gita), 14, 178, 181–2, 203 Anandavan, 190–91 bhakti (personal devotion), 180 anthropocentrism, 215–17 Bhave, Vinoba, 174, 194 Anti-Defamation League, 99 Bible, 2, 14–15, 84, 87, 90–1, 143, 149, 188, anti-semitism, 63 194, 217 Arab nationalism, 45 Bodhisattva, 143, 147–50, 153 Arab Spring, 21 Bonney, Richard, 15, 23 Arab-Israeli Wars, 96–7 Brahman (ultimate reality), 4, 154, 179, 198 Ariaratne, A. T., 158, 174 Brahmins, 173, 179, 184 Arjuna, 179, 181–3, 200 Buber, Martin, 89 Art of Living Foundation, 191 Buddha, 78, 80, 135–6, 143, 145, 147–8, Ashrams: communities practicing yoga 154–5, 157, 173–4, 185, 188, and serviceCOPYRIGHTED to others, 190 Buddhism MATERIAL forms: Asita, 135 Theravada, 142–4, 148, 152, 156 Athavale, Pandurang Shastri, 194 Mahayana, 76, 142, 136, 143–4, 147–8, atman (soul), 179, 198, 203–4 150, 152, 157, 160–3, 168

Peacemaking and the Challenge of Violence in World Religions, First Edition. Edited by Irfan A. Omar and Michael K. Duffey. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Vajrayana, 76, 136, 143–4, 148, 150, creation, 12–13, 22, 32, 65, 76, 80, 90, 92, 152–3, 156–7, 160–3, 98–9, 210, 217 Shambhala, 135–7, 144, 148–52, 160–1, Cree, 211 163–4 Crusades, 54, 58–59, 65, 81, 95, 107 Buddhist Fellowship, 159 Cultural Revolution, 113 Burkholder, Richard, 18 Cyprian, 55–6

Caesar Augustus, 51 dagnang (pure vision), 148 Cakkavatti-sihanada sutta, 154 Dai Wang, 126 Cambodia and Khmer Rouge, 78, 143, Dalai Lama, 160 158, 162 Daniel, Book of, 92 caste system, 173–4, 179, 184–5, 190 Dao, see Tao , 63 Daoism, see Taoism Catholicism, Catholics, 1, 60–1, 63, dar al-harb (non-Muslim hostile state), 18 ceremony / ceremonial, 111, 137, 176–7, dar al-Islam (Muslim state), 18 209, 213–5, 218–20, 228–9, 230–1 Dark Ages, 58, 149, 194 cetana (intention), 156 Daxue (The Book of Great Learning), chakravartin (world ruler), 135 112–3, 118 Chakravartin, 151 Day, Dorothy and Peter Maurin, 62–3 Challenge of Peace (Letter of the U.S. Dayananda, Swami, 193 Catholic Bishops), 65 Dean, Herbert, 58 Chavez, Cesar, 64 Deloria Jr., Vine, 175, 216–7 Cherokee, 212, 219, 291 Deuteronomy (Book of), 83, 90–1, Chilton, Bruce, 6, 9–11 139–41 Chipko movement, 190 Dhammapada (Sayings of the Buddha), Chosen people, 90–2, 208 142–4, 147, 150–1, 174 Christian Peacemaking Teams, 3, 67, 69, dharma, (duty), 4, 155, 157, 183, 195 75, 216 dharna (nonviolent sit-in), 185 , establishment of, 57 dukkha (suffering), 78, 143 , 61, 67 Civil Rights Act (U.S.), 64 Easwaran, Eknath, 27, 41–3 Civilita Cattolica, 65 Egypt, Egyptians, 52, 59, 81, 85, 91, 96 Clan, 120–1, 129, 130, 163, 209–10 El Fadl, Khalid Abou, 16, 25 colonialist historical rhetoric, 210–11 Engineer, Asghar Ali, 20 Community for Mindful Living, 159 Episcopal Church, Episcopalians 67, 75, compassion, 136–7, 147–8, 152, 157, 211 159–62, 234 Erasmus, Desiderius, 60 conscientious objection to war, 63–4, 100 eschatology, 208 Constantine, 57–8, 69, 77 Esposito, John L., 12, 15 Constantinople, 48, 57 Eucharist, 52, 65 contemplation, contemplative practices, 70, euro-christian oppositional/manichaean 75–6, 78, 162, 193–4 dualism, 209–10 Corrigan, Mairead and Betty Williams, 66 euro-christian/Gandhian culture, 215–6 cosmic balance / wholistic harmony, 5, 177, euro-formed misconceptions of Indian 206–10, 215–6, 218 people, 210–11 Covenant, 49–50, 52, 54, 56, 84–6, 90, 92, European for a Just Peace, 100 119, 226 evangelism, 207

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Exodus, Book of, 83, 88, 93 Heschel, Abraham Joshua, 89 extremism, extremists, 16, 19, 24, 41, 43 Hindu deities: Brahma, Vishnu, Shiva, Ezra, Book of, 85–86 179–80 Holm, Tom, 206, 212 Fei, John, and Liu, T., 121–2 Holocaust, 63, 95, 109 Feudalistic philosophy, 113 Holy Land, 58 Fewsmith, Joseph, 120 Holy Spirit, 48–9 Five Pillars (Islam), 12 holy war, 16, 18 Five relationships (Confucianism), 115, 119 hunka (earth folk), 209 Four Noble Truths (Buddhism), 78, 146, 158 Franciscans, Third Order Franciscans, 59 Ignatius of Loyola, 60 fundamentalism, 2, 14 Imam (Muslim religious leader), 25 futuhat (conquests), 41 In Defense of Creation, (Letter of U.S. Methodist Bishops), 65 Gabriel (Archangel), 10–11 Incas, 110 Galilee, 93 Indian Relief Act (1914), 186 Gandhi, Mohandas K., 5, 27–8, 56, 64, 66, Indian Reorganization Act (1934), 176 69, 174, 185–6, 204, 215–6 indigenous peoples, 5, 59–60, 68, 110, 206ff Genesis (Book of), 83, 88, 217 Inner sage, outer king, 4, 114, 121, 129, 136 Gentiles, 47, 49, 68, 95 Interfaith Order of Interbeing, 159 ghazwat (armed encounters), 19 International Fellowship of Reconciliation, 62 Ghosananda, Maha, 78, 143, 150, 158 International Network of Engaged Ghosh, Aurobindo, 194 Buddhists, 158 Glassman, Bernard, 159 Iraq, 21, 35, 65, 84 Golden Rule, 202, 205 Iroquois, 217 Good Samaritan, 68 Isaiah, Book of, 49–50, 88, 90, 92, 107–8 Great Hall of the People, 122 Israel, 6, 45, 49–51, 83–102, 107–8, 109, Green Corn Dance, Sun Dance, 176, 218 139–41 Guatemalan Mayas, 59, 68 Israel: Northern Kingdom, 85, 91 guru (spiritual teacher), 180 Israelite prophets, 51 Gutierrez, Gustavo, 68 , 49 Israel-Palestine conflict, 4, 102, 107 Hadith, 9, 11–12, 20, 22–3, 44 Haggai, Book of, 88 J Street, 100 Han dynasty, 112–3 Jaegerstaetter, Franz, 63 harb (defensive war), 16–18 jahada (personal spiritual effort), 15, 17 harijan (outcaste), 196 Jainism, 7, 64, 203 Harris, Rabia Terri, 17, 26, 31–3 Jana Movement, 191–2 Hasidic Jews, 89 Jeremiah, Book of, 49, 88 Hays, Richard, 54, 69 Jerusalem Temple, 49, 85–8, 92–4 he (mutual responsiveness to sound), 116 Jerusalem, 49, 51, 59, 86–8, 92–95 Heaven’s Mandate, 116, 126 Jesus, 12–13, 15, 48–52, 54–8, 67–9, 80, Hebrew Scriptures, 83–8, 90–3, 97–8 188, 195, 200, 211 hegemon, 119, 126, 136, 139 Jewish denominations, 89 Heine, Bernd, 16 , 99–100, 105 heping (peace, harmony-levelness), 117–8 Jewish Federation of North America, 101 heresy, 57 , 100

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Jewish prophets, 86 Khudai Khidmatgars (Servants of God), 27 Jewish Voices for Peace, 100 Kierman, Frank, and John K. Fairbanks, 120 Jihad, 9, 11, 15–17 killing of animals, 184 jihad al-akbar (greater jihad: striving King Ashoka, 77, 155, 173 against selfishness), 18 King Cyrus II, 86 jihad al-asghar (lesser jihad: may include King David, 49–51 defensive armed striving), 18 King Josiah, 91, 140 Jihad as nonviolent struggle (activism King Solomon, 49, 51, 94 for peace and justice), 28, 33 King Tang, 120, 126 Jihad of the pen, (scholar’s or journalist’s King Wen, 124 struggle to speak truth to power), 31, King Wu, 123, 125–6, 33–4 King, Jr., , 64, 69 Jihad of the sword (soldier’s struggle in Kingdom of God, 49–50, 64, 69 battlefield), 34 Kings, Book of, 85, 88 jihadists (media reference to Muslim Kishtainy, Khalid, 29 terrorists), 16, 35 Al-Kitab al-Muqaddas (Bible in Arabic), 15 Joshua, Book of, 85 Korir, Cornelius, 65 Judah: Southern Kingdom, 85–6, 91–2, 105 Kosselleck, Reinhart, 110 Judges, Book of, 85, 88 Julian of Norwich, 76 la ‘unf (nonviolence), 22, 32–3, 41 junzi (gentleman), 114, 134 La Flesche, Francis, 211, 213 just war, 60, 183 Lakota, 212, 216 in Christianity, 57–8, 60, 64–5, 69 Las Casas, Bartolome de, 59–60 in Confucianism, 42, 124, 127 Last Supper/Lord’s Supper, 50, 52 in Islam 3, 17–18, 81 Lawrence, Bruce, 21 justified vengeance as a form of punitive Lerner, Michael, 99, 108 expedition, 125 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT), Justin Martyr, 55 122 Liberation Theology, 65 Ka‘ba, 30 Light of Asia, 187 , 84, 89 Liji (Book of Rites), 112, 117–8, 129 Kadayifci-Orellana and S. Ayse, 26 Little Thunder, 212 Kali, 174, 204 Lord Krishna, 178, 181–2, 199, 203, Kaltner, John, 12 Luther, Martin, 60–1 Karaniyametta sutta, 153 karma (action), 179–80, 229 ma‘ruf, (the good), 25 -karma, karmic law, (chain of cause and Mahabharata, 178, 180–2, 184, 203 effect), 145, 147 Maharishi, Sri Ramana, 193 karuna (compassion), 145, 147 Mahayana, see Buddhism forms Keating, Thomas, 75–6 Maimonides, Moses, 84, 95 Kelsay, John, 57 manichaean dualism vs. Indian reciprocal Keystone XL pipeline, 219 dualism, 217 Khadijah (wife of Muhammad), 10 Mann, Barbara, 210 Khan, Abdul Ghaffar, 27 Martin of Tours, 56 Khan, Maulana Wahiduddin, 26, 29–30 martyr, 21, 43, 95 Khmer Rouge (Cambodia), see Cambodia Marxism-Leninism, 113 and Khmer Rouge Mary of Magdala, 68

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Mary, Mother of Jesus, 13, 48–9, 68, 80 Pace e Bene, 67 May Fourth Movement, 113, 122 , 34, 56–7, 62–3, 92–5, 100, 107, Maya, 110 122, 154 Mencius, 112, 116–7, 124–9, 227 Page, Wade Michael, 233 , 3, 61, 67, 69 Pakistan, 1, 187, 219 Merton, Thomas, 69–70, 76 Palestine, 45, 49, 93–4 Messiah, 45, 49–50, 89, 94–5, 98, 141 Palestinian Arabs, 96 metta (loving kindness), 145, 162 Palestinians, 107–8 Micah, Book of, 83, 89 panchayat, 184–5 ming (clarity), 128 Paramahansa, Ramakrishna, 192 Mipham, Sakyong, 136 paramitas (virtues of generosity, patience, , Mishneh , 83–4, 89, 93 meditation), 152 moksha (liberation), 179–80, 204 Passover, 50, 52 monotheism, 10, 12–13, 202 pawo (enlightened warriors), 163 Moses, 13, 49, 85, 89, 93 Pax Christi, 63 Muhammad, 9–12, 19–20, 27, 30, 32, Pax Romana, 51–7 80–1 , 3, 61–2, 69 Muslim militants, extremists, 6, 19 Peace Fellowships Muslim Peace Fellowship, 31–2 Buddhist, 159 Musto, Ronald, 58–59 in Christian Churches, 67 Jewish, 100 nafs (self), 18–19 Muslim, 31–2 nationalism, 61, 106 Peace Now, 100, 107 Nelson-Pallmeyer, Jack, 14 Peace of God, 58 Neve Shalom / Wahat al-Salam / Oasis of penal punishment, 119, 123, 127–8 Peace, 101 Peng, Premier Li, 122 New Testament, 3, 47, 54–5, 58, 69, 188 People’s Republic of China, 113, 120–2 Nhat Hanh, Thich, 147, 152–3, 159 Peters, Rudolph, 18 nibbana (Nirvana), 147, 171 pharaoh, 85, 93 Nicea, 48, 57 Pieris, Aloysius, 207 Nicene-Constantinople Creed, 48, 54, 57 Pilgrims, Puritans, 211 Noah, 13 ping (smooth flow of air: peace), 117–8 nonduality, 163, 171 pingtianxia (bringing peace to the world), 118 nonviolence, 5, 21, 23, 32–3, 100, 142, Plains Indian Sun Dance, 218 182–3, 234 polytheism, 202 in (formerly) East Germany, 66 Pope Benedict XV, 62 in Northern Ireland, 66 Pope Benedict XVI, 51 in South Africa, 66 Pope John Paull II, 65 nuclear war / weapons, 63, 69 Pope Paul III, 60 Numbers, Book of, 88 Pope Paul VI, 65 Pope Pius XI, 62–3 Ojibwa, 211 Pope Urban II, 58 Omar, Irfan A., 30, 233 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), 110 Origen, 55–6 preferential option for the poor, 65, 67 Orthodox Church (Serbia), 66 promised land, 208 Osage (Wazhazhe), 207–8, 212, 214–5 prophets, prophetic tradition, 10, 12 Osage “war” ceremony, 213 Protestant , , 1, 60

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Psalms, 83–4, 88 sanatana dharma (eternal religion), 4, Pueblos, 207 179, 195 Punitive expedition, 42–3, 126–7 Sarvodaya, 158, 174, 190 Puranas, 178, 184, 203 Satha-Anand, Chaiwat, 29 Sattler, Michael, 61 qi (vapor energy), 116, 134, 227 satyagraha (truth force), 174, 185–7 Qing dynasty, 113 , 61 qital, 16–17, 20, 25, 29, 34, 41 School of Youth for Social Service , 3, 61–2, 67, 69–70, 75 (Vietnam), 153, 159 Qur’an, 3, 9–15, 17–18, 21, 24–5, 28, 32–4, Second Vatican Council, 63 42, 44, 80, 149, 203 self-inflicted harm, 129 Quraysh, 30, 40 Seneca, 210 , 50–1, 56, 63–4, rabbinic, , 89, 92–4, 105–6 69, 188, 203 , 60–1, 154 shahadah (witness), 10, 21, 40 Rahner, Karl, 75 shahid (witness/martyr), 21 Ramalingar, 193 shalom, 4, 51, 84, 87– 91, 99, 101–2, 106–7, Ramayana, 178 109, 140–1 Ravindra, Ravi, 183 shamatha (peaceful abiding), 146, 171 redemption, 208–9 Shambhala, see, Buddhism forms ren (benevolence), 114, 134 shari‘a (ethical and religious/legal guide to resurrection of Jesus, 40, 48–51, 56, 68 living one’s faith), 9, 11, 24 retributive justice (as penal punishment), Sharma, Arvind, 2 125, 128–9 Sharma, D. S., 185 Revelation, Book of, (Christianity), 48 Shen-nung, 123 Rig Veda, 178 shikantaza (just sitting), 148 rigpa (wisdom, awareness), 146, 148, 171 Shiva, 179–80 Rohr, Richard, 54–5, 70, 75, 77 shunyata (emptiness), 147, 150, 171 Romans, Book of, 93 Sikhism, 233–4 Rosen, Mike, 216 silm (peace, reconciliation), 22, 41 Rowlatt Act, 186 Sinhalese Buddhists, 156, 158 Roy, Ram Mohan, 193 Sioux, 212 Russell, Steve, 219 Sivaraksa, Sulak, 158, 162–3 Smith-Christopher, Daniel E., 183 Sa‘id, Jawdat, 17, 26, 30, 41, 47 Socially Engaged Buddhism, 143–4, 154, sabr (quranic word for patience), 22, 41 156, 158–9 Sachedina, Abdulaziz, 17, 26 Solidarity movement (Poland), 66 Shambhala, see, Buddhism forms: Song dynasty, 120–1 Al-Salam (a quranic name of God, the Southern Christian Leadership source of all peace), 22, 204 Conference, 64 Sale, Kirkpatrick, 206 Spanish Inquisition, 57 salima (to be safe and secure), 22 St. Francis of Assisi, 59, 69, 81 , 187 St. Paul, 15, 47, 53, 68 Samaritans, 68 State of Israel, 85, 96–8, 101, 109 samsara (cycle of rebirth), 76, 135–6, 146–53, Stephan, Maria J., 29 156, 161, 163, 171, 179, 193, 199 structural violence, 3, 67–8, 194 Samuel, Book of, 85, 88 suicide, 21, 123, 129

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al-sulhu khayrun (reconciliation is best), 20 violence, justifiable, 1, 3, 5, 13–14, 183 Suu Kyi, Aung San, 159 vipassana (clear seeing), 146, 171–2 Supreme Being, immanent and Vivekananda Centre, 189, 192 transcendent (Hinduism), 179–80 Voting Rights Act (U.S.), 64 sutras, 149 suttas, 148 wa is kana fi jihadin (jihad in the Bible), Syria, 92 15 Wahid, Abdurrahman, 28 Tagore, Rabindranath, 194 Walton, Russ, 54 Talmud, 83, 93 Waraqa bin Nawfal, 11 Tantras and Terma texts (Vajrayana), 148, 149 wei (authoritativeness), 128 ten royal virtues, 136 Weiwei, Ai, 122 Tao (the Way), 114, 121 wen (civil, refined), 123–4, 134, 137 Taoism 226 Westphalian-state hegemony, 110 terrorism, 35, 233 World Council of Churches (South Africa), Tertullian, 55–6 66–7 Theravada, see, Buddhism Forms World Health Organization: “Violence Three Kingdom period, 113 Prevention: The Evidence,” 233 Three Marks of Existence, 146 World Synod of Catholic Bishops, 68 Tiananmen Square, 122 wu (martial, military), 123–6 tianxia, 112, 124, 129–30, 134, 139–41 tikkun olam, 4, 88–90, 99–101, 106 xin (faithfulness), 128 Torah, 83, 85–6, 89–90, 93–4, 139–41 Xiaobo, Liu, 122 tributaries, 123 xun dao (dying for the dao), 130 Tripitaka (Pali Canon): Speech of the Xunzi, 112, 115–7, 119, 124–8, 227 Elders, 142, 148–9 Truce of God, 58–9 yagnas (fire ceremonies), 180 Tutu, Desmond, 66 Yahweh, 83–4, 108 Twenty-four Filial Exemplars, 130 yamas and niyamas (practices for right tzisho (sky folk), 209 living and spiritual progress), 189 yana (path), 142, 149, 152, 172 ‘ulama, 12, 28 Yao, 128 United Nations Charter, 17 Yellow Emperor, 123 Upanishads, 149, 173,178–9, 181, 194, yin and yang forces,118, 228 199, 203 yoga shastra, 179–80 yoga sutra, 179–81 Vajrayana, see, Buddhism forms yogas, 188 Vatican Council II, see, Second Vatican Council zhan (punitive expedition without Veda (knowledge, wisdom), 179 warfare), 124, 134 Vedanta, 179, 199 zheng (correct), 128 vengeance, 55, 61, 123, 125, 129 Zhongyong, 112 , 64, 69, 153, 159, 211, 212 Zhou dynasty, 124 vinaya (rules for monastics), 142 zhu (punitive expedition), 124–7 violence, 123, 152–61, 176, 181–6, 196, Zion, 106–8 204–5, 219, 228 Zionist movement, 45, 96, 98, 101–2

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