DOCSLIB.ORG

Cyber Deterrence Against Cyberwar Between the United States And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cyber Deterrence Against Cyberwar Between the United States And University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School November 2017 Cyber Deterrence against Cyberwar between the United States and China: A Power Transition Theory Perspective Yavuz Akdag University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Political Science Commons Scholar Commons Citation Akdag, Yavuz, "Cyber Deterrence against Cyberwar between the United States and China: A Power Transition Theory Perspective" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6993 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cyber Deterrence against Cyberwar between the United States and China: A Power Transition Theory Perspective by Yavuz Akdag A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts School of Interdisciplinary Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Steven C. Roach, Ph.D. Bernd Reiter, Ph.D. Jongseok Woo, Ph.D. Date of Approval: September 19, 2017 Keywords: Cyberspace, Stuxnet, Level of satisfaction, Parity of Offensive Cyberwar Capability Copyright © 2017, Yavuz Akdag DEDICATION I would like to dedicate this work to my family and my friends who inspired and supported me along the way. My dad and mom, Remzi and Hacer Akdag, have supported me. In particular, I am very thankful to my older brother, Gokhan Akdag, for his guidance and financial assistance. He encouraged me to apply for the scholarship I am currently receiving to pursue graduate studies in the United States. My cousin, Suleyman Akdag, also deserves a profound appreciation for his endless effort to teach me math since my high school years, which played a significant role in where I am currently. I am so grateful to Dr. Nezir Akyesilmen for writing recommendation letters when I needed. He also inspired me to focus on cyber aspect of International Relations. I would also like to express my gratitude to Mrs. Linda Boyette, for her tremendous help with all kinds of issues facing me since I started my degree. Last but not the least, I would like to thank my friend, Marleni Castillo, for her encouragement during the thesis process. This accomplishment could never have been possible without support I received. ACKNOWLEDGEMNTS First, I would like to express my very profound gratitude to Dr. Steven Roach for being my thesis advisor and helping me navigate the writing process. He patiently corrected my writing/language mistakes and, then, gently encouraged me to see them on my own. He steered me in the right direction and helped me broaden my perspective. With his invaluable feedback and wisdom, I deeply believed that the quality of this work has substantially increased. He was also very perceptive, considerate, and helpful with the issues I came across along the way. I would like to thank Dr. Bernd Reiter for being willing to be on the thesis committee and to help me with any sort of questions I had. He even let me borrow one of his research books so that I could have an additional insight into how to do research. I am very grateful to him for his help and contribution to this paper. I am also thankful to Dr. Jongseok Woo for being on the committee and his contribution to this project. I must also express my gratitude to Ph.D. candidate Nathan Barrick for his writing edits and valuable comments on this thesis. His intellectual capacity ignited sparks in my thinking and stimulated me to raise some critical questions, helping me considerably enrich the argument. Thus, I am appreciatively indebted to him for his assistance and contribution to this study. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................................ iv Abstract ............................................................................................................................................v Introduction ......................................................................................................................................1 Background of the Problem and Question ...........................................................................1 The Concepts of Classical Deterrence Applied to Cyberspace ...............................4 The Limits of Classical Deterrence for Cyber Application .....................................8 The Policy Gap and Central Argument .............................................................................12 Methodological Framework ..............................................................................................16 The Study Design ..............................................................................................................19 Chapter One: Theoretical Framework ...........................................................................................21 1.0 Introduction to Chapter ................................................................................................21 1.1 Power Transition Theory .............................................................................................21 1.2 Alluding to Classical Deterrence Theory .....................................................................32 1.3 Power Transition versus Classical Deterrence .............................................................34 1.4 The Application of Power Transtion Theory to Cyber Deterrence against .................... Cyberwarfare......................................................................................................................37 Chapter Two: Academic Discussion on Cyber Deterrence ...........................................................39 2.0 Introduction to Chapter ................................................................................................39 2.1 Cyber Deterrence .........................................................................................................39 2.1.1 Deterrence by Denial ....................................................................................42 2.1.2 Deterrence by Punishment or Retaliation ....................................................47 2.2 Hurdles to Effective Cyber Deterrence ........................................................................51 2.2.1 Impediments to Deterrence by Punishment or Retaliation ...........................52 2.2.1.1 Attribution Problem .......................................................................53 2.2.1.2 The Problem with Signalling Intention and Capability in the Cyber Venue ........................................................................................59 2.2.1.3 Other Major Challenges to Cyber Deterrence By Retaliation .......61 2.2.1.3.1 The problem of uncertainty about severity and scale of damage from cyberattacks ..........................................61 2.2.1.3.2 The problem of the asymmetric nature of cyberspace ....63 2.2.1.3.3 The problem of diminishing returns on successive cyberattacks .............................................................................65 2.2.1.3.4 The impracticality of the disarmament would-be cyber attackers ...................................................................................67 i 2.2.1.3.5 The problem of third parties engaging in cyberattacks..............................................................................69 2.2.1.3.6 The problem of establishing a threshold to retaliate and the cyber application of conventional deterrence concepts of “broad” and “narrow” deterrence to cyberspace ............................................................................71 2.2.1.3.7 The legal Issues: The problem of proportionately responding to cyberattacks by both cyber and kinetic means, and “dual use” entities .................................................75 2.2.1.3.8 The problem with the increased chance of escalation in cyberspace ...........................................................79 2.2.2. Technological, Legal, and Political/ Diplomatic Hurdles to Deterrence by Denial .......................................................................................81 2.2.2.1. Technological Impediments to Deterrence by Denial ..................81 2.2.2.2 Legal Impediments to Deterrence by Denial ...............................84 2.2.2.2.1 The application of existing international law to cyberspace and legal gray areas at national and international level that hamper cyber deterrence by denial .....85 2.2.2.2.2 Barriers to the initiatives toward establishing cyber-specific rules to deter .....................................................87 2.2.2.3 Political/Diplomatic Issues Complicating Cyber Deterrence by Denial ..............................................................................................93 2.3 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................96 Chapter Three: Conceptual Landscape and Stuxnet ....................................................................100 3.0 Introduction to Chapter ..............................................................................................100 3.1 Defining Cyberspace and Cyberwarfare ....................................................................100
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Analysis of Cyberwarfare Ethics As It Pertains to Civilian Computer Networks/Infrastructures
    Analysis of Cyberwarfare Ethics as It Pertains to Civilian Computer Networks/Infrastructures Vanessa Paradine Terms of Reference and Scope The Department of Defense (DoD) currently operates more than fifteen thousand different computer networks across four thousand military installations around the world, with as many as seven million DoD computers and telecommunications tools in use in eighty-eight countries.1 These networks experience over six million unauthorized probes per day.2 Due to the close integration of DoD and commercial networks, an attack within the cyber domain may significantly impact critical civilian infrastructures and networks. For the purpose of this article, the following definitions are pro­ vided: • Cyberspace, as defined by the National Security Presidential Di­ rective 541H0meland Security Presidential Directive 23, is "the interdependent network of information technology infrastruc­ tures, and includes the Internet, telecommunications networks, computer systems, and embedded processors and controllers in critical industries."3 • Cyberspace operations is defined as "the employment of cy­ berspace capabilities where the primary purpose is to achieve military objectives or effects in or through cyberspace."4 • Cyberwarfare/cyberattack has not been defined by the Depart­ ment of the Defense (DoD); however, according to Deputy Defense Secretary William J. Lynn III, it can include a range of things-"from exploitation and exfiltration of data to degrada­ tion of networks to destruction of networks or even physical equipment, physical property."5 • Cyber Threats6 o Virtual-nonkinetic threats to DoD information networks that are just as real and damaging as physical threats. 34 Internatianal Journal of Intelligence Ethics, Vol. 4, No. 1 / Spring/Summer 2013 Analysis of Cyberwarfare Ethics 35 o Physical-kinetic threats mixed with nonkinetic threats; can severely impact the effectiveness of military joint operations.
    [Show full text]
  • How Technology Impacts Doctrine in Asymmetric Warfare
    0 How Technology Impacts Doctrine in Asymmetric Warfare Jeremiah Rozman Northfield Vermont Bachelors of Arts, University of Vermont, 2014 A Thesis presented to the Graduate Faculty of the University of Virginia in Candidacy for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of Foreign Affairs University of Virginia May, 2016 1 Abstract How does technology impact military doctrine, and how does this in turn impact political support for offensive, preventative or preemptive military action?1 I study defensive weapons systems, specifically focusing on missile defense in the theoretical context of technology and defense-based strategies as a whole. Through the study of Israel’s use of Iron Dome, I aim to demonstrate that technology can be an exogenous factor affecting military doctrine. Through careful case study analysis, I demonstrate that operationally successful defensive technologies can lead to the adoption of a defensive military doctrine by decreasing the political cost of inaction to the extent that allowing attrition becomes politically less costly than launching an offensive. Introduction A comparison of Israel’s two recent wars in Gaza, Operation Cast Lead in 2008/9 and Operation Protective Edge in 2014, indicates that the tactical success of Iron Dome, as a defensive military technology, can effect a change in military doctrine. The goal of this study is to demonstrate the effect of an unexpectedly successful defensive military technology on military doctrine, an effect which leads to prioritizing defense, allowing attrition, and moving away from a long-standing offense-based doctrine, specifically when dealing with asymmetric conflict. This study focuses on Israel, specifically in the Gaza theater of conflict and not in the Northern theater of conflict where Israel’s adversary, Hezbollah is 1 Preemptive war is defined as actor A launching a first strike in order to gain advantage in a situation where an attack by actor B is anticipated to be imminent.
    [Show full text]
  • Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress
    Order Code RL32114 Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress Updated January 29, 2008 Clay Wilson Specialist in Technology and National Security Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Botnets, Cybercrime, and Cyberterrorism: Vulnerabilities and Policy Issues for Congress Summary Cybercrime is becoming more organized and established as a transnational business. High technology online skills are now available for rent to a variety of customers, possibly including nation states, or individuals and groups that could secretly represent terrorist groups. The increased use of automated attack tools by cybercriminals has overwhelmed some current methodologies used for tracking Internet cyberattacks, and vulnerabilities of the U.S. critical infrastructure, which are acknowledged openly in publications, could possibly attract cyberattacks to extort money, or damage the U.S. economy to affect national security. In April and May 2007, NATO and the United States sent computer security experts to Estonia to help that nation recover from cyberattacks directed against government computer systems, and to analyze the methods used and determine the source of the attacks.1 Some security experts suspect that political protestors may have rented the services of cybercriminals, possibly a large network of infected PCs, called a “botnet,” to help disrupt the computer systems of the Estonian government. DOD officials have also indicated that similar cyberattacks from individuals and countries targeting economic,
    [Show full text]
  • Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare Susan W
    Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology Volume 97 Article 2 Issue 2 Winter Winter 2007 At Light Speed: Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare Susan W. Brenner Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/jclc Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Criminology Commons, and the Criminology and Criminal Justice Commons Recommended Citation Susan W. Brenner, At Light Speed: Attribution and Response to Cybercrime/Terrorism/Warfare, 97 J. Crim. L. & Criminology 379 (2006-2007) This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology by an authorized editor of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. 0091-4169/07/9702-0379 THE JOURNALOF CRIMINAL LAW & CRIMINOLOGY Vol. 97. No. 2 Copyright 0 2007 by NorthwesternUniversity. Schoolof Low Printedin U.S.A. "AT LIGHT SPEED": ATTRIBUTION AND RESPONSE TO CYBERCRIME/TERRORISM/WARFARE SUSAN W. BRENNER* This Article explains why and how computer technology complicates the related processes of identifying internal (crime and terrorism) and external (war) threats to social order of respondingto those threats. First, it divides the process-attribution-intotwo categories: what-attribution (what kind of attack is this?) and who-attribution (who is responsiblefor this attack?). Then, it analyzes, in detail, how and why our adversaries' use of computer technology blurs the distinctions between what is now cybercrime, cyberterrorism, and cyberwarfare. The Article goes on to analyze how and why computer technology and the blurring of these distinctions erode our ability to mount an effective response to threats of either type.
    [Show full text]
  • Deterring and Dissuading Nuclear Terrorism
    Journal of Strategic Security Volume 5 Number 1 Volume 5, No. 1: Spring 2012 Article 6 Deterring and Dissuading Nuclear Terrorism John J. Klein ANSER, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss Part of the Defense and Security Studies Commons, National Security Law Commons, and the Portfolio and Security Analysis Commons pp. 15-30 Recommended Citation Klein, John J.. "Deterring and Dissuading Nuclear Terrorism." Journal of Strategic Security 5, no. 1 (2012) : 15-30. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.5.1.2 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/jss/vol5/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of Strategic Security by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Deterring and Dissuading Nuclear Terrorism Abstract While nuclear deterrence theory may be well-suited to dealing with nuclear-armed states, its suitability for deterring nuclear terrorism has frequently been questioned since 9/11. While terrorist organizations do not necessarily act uniformly or according to the same underlying beliefs, many of the most aggressive organizations are motivated by an ideology that embraces martyrdom and an apocalyptic vision.1 This ideology may be based on religion or a desire to overthrow a government. Consequently, terrorists motivated by ideology who intend to use a stolen or improvised nuclear device against the United States or its interests may not care about the resulting military repercussions following a nuclear attack.
    [Show full text]
  • Deterrence Theory in the Cyber-Century Lessons from a State-Of-The-Art Literature Review
    Working Paper Research Division EU/Europe Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Annegret Bendiek, Tobias Metzger Deterrence theory in the cyber-century Lessons from a state-of-the-art literature review SWP Working Papers are online publications of SWP’s research divisions which have not been formally reviewed by the Institute. Ludwigkirchplatz 3−4 10719 Berlin Phone +49 30 880 07-0 Fax +49 30 880 07-100 www.swp-berlin.org Working Paper RD EU/Europe, 2015/ 02, May 2015 [email protected] SWP Berlin Table of Contents List of Figures 1 List of Abbreviations 2 Introduction 3 In theory – Deterrence theory and cyberspace 4 Deterrence-by-retaliation and deterrence-by-denial 6 In practice – Suitability of cyber: lessons and implications 7 Key challenges: Credibility and capability to display and use force 7 How to deter? Deterrence-by-denial and deterrence-by- retaliation 9 Determining the type of defence 9 Adding offence to the equation 10 When and whom to deter? Immediate vs. general deterrence and the challenge of attribution 10 What to deter? Narrow vs. broad deterrence 12 For whom? Central vs. extended deterrence 13 Conclusion and outlook 14 Annex 16 Glossary 16 List of References 17 List of Figures Figure 1: Limits to retaliation in cyberspace .................. 9 Figure 2: A possible model of escalation ....................... 11 Figure 3: EEAS figure on a possible inter-ministry division of labour ................................................................. 15 Figure 4: Risk assessment
    [Show full text]
  • In Defense of Cyberterrorism: an Argument for Anticipating Cyber-Attacks
    IN DEFENSE OF CYBERTERRORISM: AN ARGUMENT FOR ANTICIPATING CYBER-ATTACKS Susan W. Brenner Marc D. Goodman The September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on the United States brought the notion of terrorism as a clear and present danger into the consciousness of the American people. In order to predict what might follow these shocking attacks, it is necessary to examine the ideologies and motives of their perpetrators, and the methodologies that terrorists utilize. The focus of this article is on how Al-Qa'ida and other Islamic fundamentalist groups can use cyberspace and technology to continue to wage war againstthe United States, its allies and its foreign interests. Contending that cyberspace will become an increasingly essential terrorist tool, the author examines four key issues surrounding cyberterrorism. The first is a survey of conventional methods of "physical" terrorism, and their inherent shortcomings. Next, a discussion of cyberspace reveals its potential advantages as a secure, borderless, anonymous, and structured delivery method for terrorism. Third, the author offers several cyberterrorism scenarios. Relating several examples of both actual and potential syntactic and semantic attacks, instigated individually or in combination, the author conveys their damagingpolitical and economic impact. Finally, the author addresses the inevitable inquiry into why cyberspace has not been used to its full potential by would-be terrorists. Separately considering foreign and domestic terrorists, it becomes evident that the aims of terrorists must shift from the gross infliction of panic, death and destruction to the crippling of key information systems before cyberattacks will take precedence over physical attacks. However, given that terrorist groups such as Al Qa'ida are highly intelligent, well-funded, and globally coordinated, the possibility of attacks via cyberspace should make America increasingly vigilant.
    [Show full text]
  • 2016 8Th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Cyber Power
    2016 8th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Cyber Power N.Pissanidis, H.Rõigas, M.Veenendaal (Eds.) 31 MAY - 03 JUNE 2016, TALLINN, ESTONIA 2016 8TH International ConFerence on CYBER ConFlict: CYBER POWER Copyright © 2016 by NATO CCD COE Publications. All rights reserved. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1626N-PRT ISBN (print): 978-9949-9544-8-3 ISBN (pdf): 978-9949-9544-9-0 CopyriGHT AND Reprint Permissions No part of this publication may be reprinted, reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence ([email protected]). This restriction does not apply to making digital or hard copies of this publication for internal use within NATO, and for personal or educational use when for non-profit or non-commercial purposes, providing that copies bear this notice and a full citation on the first page as follows: [Article author(s)], [full article title] 2016 8th International Conference on Cyber Conflict: Cyber Power N.Pissanidis, H.Rõigas, M.Veenendaal (Eds.) 2016 © NATO CCD COE Publications PrinteD copies OF THIS PUBlication are availaBLE From: NATO CCD COE Publications Filtri tee 12, 10132 Tallinn, Estonia Phone: +372 717 6800 Fax: +372 717 6308 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.ccdcoe.org Head of publishing: Jaanika Rannu Layout: Jaakko Matsalu LEGAL NOTICE: This publication contains opinions of the respective authors only. They do not necessarily reflect the policy or the opinion of NATO CCD COE, NATO, or any agency or any government.
    [Show full text]
  • Cognitive Warfare.Pdf
    1 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 5 Evolution of Non-Kinetic Warfare 6 Origins 6 Psychological Warfare (PsyOps) 7 Electronic Warfare (EW) 7 Cyberwarfare 8 Information Warfare 8 Cognitive Warfare 9 Goals of Cognitive Warfare 11 Destabilization 12 Case 1: Destabilization through Confusion 13 Case 2: Destabilization by Sowing Division 15 Case 3: Destabilization as a Means to Influence 17 Influence 20 Case 1: Influencing to Recruit 21 Case 2: Influencing Policy Enactment 22 Case 3: Influencing as a Means to Destabilize 23 Future Threats 27 Looking Ahead 27 Threat 1: Ease of Selection and Virality 29 Threat 2: A New Age of Truth 30 Threat 3: Cyber-induced Institutional Discomfort and Distrust 31 Threat 4: Biological and Therapeutic Emotional Manipulation 32 Threat 5: Enhanced Recruitment of Agents 33 Strategy Recommendations 35 Threat Recognition Framework and Criteria 35 Risk Assessment 36 Organizational Implementations 37 Offensive Considerations 39 Closing Thoughts 40 Bibliography 41 2 Executive Summary Warfare has shifted dramatically over the past several decades, moving away from the physical threats of conventional warfare. War now moves towards the social and ideological threats brought about by mass media and advances in technology. The advent of this new type of warfare is different from anything we have seen before. Although it takes elements from previous types of hybrid warfare, the reach and level of impact it possesses make it far more dangerous than its predecessors. We have dubbed this new way of war cognitive warfare. ​ ​ Cognitive warfare, although sharing various similarities to other non-conventional and non-kinetic types of warfare/operations, is ultimately unique in its execution and purpose.
    [Show full text]
  • What About Peacekeepers? Deterring Attacks Against Humanitarian Workers
    What about Peacekeepers? Deterring Attacks against Humanitarian Workers Marcellina Priadi Uppsala University Department of Peace & Conflict Research Master Thesis Summer 2017 Word Count: 18,208 Abstract This thesis seeks to understand the phenomenon of attacks against humanitarian workers by asking: why are humanitarian workers attacked in some contexts, but not in others? By exploring the effects of deterrence as a security strategy, this thesis investigates the direct link between causes of attacks against humanitarian workers and humanitarian security. It argues that when humanitarian organisations involve peacekeepers directly in their humanitarian relief activities, this is likely to lead to a decrease in attacks. This is because peacekeepers are armed and able to function as a capable and credible counterthreat against belligerents for humanitarian organisations. A game- like theoretic model of the decision-making sequence leading up to attacks in the humanitarian space is applied to illustrate this. The theoretical argument is tested quantitatively on freshly collated data on peacekeeping activities using a negative binomial count model. Unexpectedly however, the results reveal a contradictory relationship to the hypothesis. Directly involving peacekeepers in humanitarian relief activities is associated with an increase in attacks against humanitarian workers. The surprising results are found to be significant and robust overall. 2 Acknowledgements I would like to take the opportunity to thank everyone that has assisted and supported me throughout this research process. To my classmates, for the camaraderie we have shared during this time and the immeasurable ways they have helped me to grow. To my teachers, who have challenged my thoughts and built the foundation for this thesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Deterrence? What About Dissuasion? by MAJ Lim Guang He
    Deterrence? What About Dissuasion? By MAJ Lim Guang He February 2020 Deterrence? What About Dissuasion? DETERRENCE? WHAT ABOUT DISSUASION? By MAJ Lim Guang He ABSTRACT In this essay, the author is not attempting to redefine deterrence but to encourage readers to consider the notion of acting before deterrence—through dissuasion. So what constitutes dissuasion and why consider it? The author feels that similar to deterrence, there is no direct answer as each country has its own set of unique security challenges and capabilities. Furthermore, the issue is made more complex as nuclear powers and non-nuclear powers employ different strategies. So, in this essay, the author attempts to: (1) elucidate the limitations of deterrence theory, (2) establish a coherent trend of elements that help define the concept of dissuasion, and (3) adapt them to the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF)’s defence policy. He first begins by analysing the limitations of classical (rational) deterrence theory and its modern derivatives in the security landscape of tomorrow. He then explores the interpretations of dissuasion today and how they can be applied. Finally, the author develops what dissuasion as a strategic concept means for Singapore and how the SAF can meld dissuasion into deterrence thinking. Keywords: Deterrence; Dissuasion; Asymmetric; Hybrid Warfare; Adversaries INTRODUCTION deterrence itself: is the SAF too entrenched in its Deterrence—a word that appears in almost every deterrence philosophy to think outside of deterrence? Is contemporary defence doctrine—including Singapore’s deterrence a sacred cow that contemporary defence ‘twin pillars of deterrence and diplomacy.’1 However, thinking must always link back to? Instead of arguing the original premise of nuclear capability and/or military the evolution of deterrence further and further away superiority as the backbone of deterrence has steadily from its conceptual roots, why not argue for a eroded into the 21st Century.
    [Show full text]
  • Cyberterrorism After Stuxnet
    The United States Army War College The United States Army War College educates and develops leaders for service at the strategic level while advancing knowledge in the global application of Landpower. The purpose of the United States Army War College is to produce graduates who are skilled critical thinkers and complex problem solvers. Concurrently, it is our duty to the U.S. Army to also act as a “think factory” for commanders and civilian leaders at the strategic level worldwide and routinely engage in discourse and debate concerning the role of ground forces in achieving national security objectives. The Strategic Studies Institute publishes national security and strategic research and analysis to influence policy debate and bridge the gap between military and academia. The Center for Strategic Leadership and Development CENTER for contributes to the education of world class senior STRATEGIC LEADERSHIP and DEVELOPMENT leaders, develops expert knowledge, and provides U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE solutions to strategic Army issues affecting the national security community. The Peacekeeping and Stability Operations Institute provides subject matter expertise, technical review, and writing expertise to agencies that develop stability operations concepts and doctrines. U.S. Army War College The Senior Leader Development and Resiliency program supports the United States Army War College’s lines of SLDR effort to educate strategic leaders and provide well-being Senior Leader Development and Resiliency education and support by developing self-awareness through leader feedback and leader resiliency. The School of Strategic Landpower develops strategic leaders by providing a strong foundation of wisdom grounded in mastery of the profession of arms, and by serving as a crucible for educating future leaders in the analysis, evaluation, and refinement of professional expertise in war, strategy, operations, national security, resource management, and responsible command.
    [Show full text]