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Universidad Central Del Ecuador Facultad De Ciencias Agrícolas Carrera De Ingeniería Agronómica

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Universidad Central Del Ecuador Facultad De Ciencias Agrícolas Carrera De Ingeniería Agronómica UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA ARP DE SEMILLAS DE PIMIENTO (Capsicum annuum L.) PARA LA SIEMBRA ORIGINARIAS DE GUATEMALA, VIETNAM Y COREA DEL SUR TRABAJO DE GRADO PREVIA A LA OBTENCIÓN DEL TÍTULO DE INGENIERA AGRÓNOMA KAREN ESTEFANÍA AGUIRRE FACTOS TUTOR: ING. AGR. NICOLA MASTROCOLA, M.Sc. QUITO, DICIEMBRE 2016 DEDICATORIA Este trabajo de titulación lo dedico a mis padres Hernán y Rocío por haberme guiado, apoyado y enseñado todo lo que estuvo en sus manos. A mis hermanos: Ma. Belén, Hernán y Analy por ser los que me dieron el ejemplo de superación. A Daniel por darme tanto amor y ser mi cómplice en todo momento y en especial a mi motor, mi compañera, mi princesa, mi vida entera, Mila Guiliana. Karen ii AGRADECIMIENTO Expreso mi gratitud a la Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas de la Universidad Central del Ecuador en especial al Ing. Agr. Nicola Mastrocola, tutor de este trabajo de titulación y a todos los docentes que me inculcaron sus conocimientos y experiencias. A la Agencia Ecuatoriana de Aseguramiento de la Calidad del Agro - AGROCALIDAD, en especial a la Ing. Patricia Carúa, y la Ing. Patricia Lincango, quienes me ayudaron y orientaron en cada paso de esta investigación. A mi familia por todo el apoyo y cariño. A mis amigos por todo lo vivido y compartido. iii AUTORIZACIÓN DE LA AUTORÍA INTELECTUAL Yo, KAREN ESTEFANÍA AGUIRRE PACTOS, en calidad de autor del trabajo de investigación o tesis realizada sobre: "ARP DE SEMILLAS DE PIMIENTO (Capsícum annuum L) PARA LA SIEMBRA ORIGINARIAS DE GUATEMALA, VIETNAM Y COREA DEL SUR", por la presente autorizo a la UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR, hacer uso de todos los contenidos que me pertenecen o de parte de los que contiene esta obra, con fines estrictamente académicos o de investigación. Los derechos que como autor me corresponden, con excepción de la presente autorización, seguirán vigentes a mi favor, de conformidad con lo establecido en los artículos 5, 6, 8, 19 y demás pertinentes de la Ley de Propiedad Intelectual y su Reglamento. Quito, 07 de diciembre de 2016 Karen Estefanía Aguirre Pactos C.l. 1715620397 E-mail: [email protected] IV Av. Eloy Alfaro N30-350 y Amazonas ROCAUDÁO Edif. MAGAP, Piso 9 |¿J i M historio *<.>»NO* fCUAfCNliANA Código Postal: 170516 :>: Á;SÍOyt^MMIiNIC) Telf: (593) 2 2567 232 pi [email protected] U i y www.agrocalidad.gob.ee Nro. MAGAP-CSV/AGROCALIDAD-2016-000697-OF Quito, D.M., 18 de noviembre de 2016 Asunto: 6142-E Aprobación del estudio de ARP de semillas de pimiento para la siembra originarias de Guatemala, Vietnam y Corea del Sur, Señor Ingeniero Antonio Gaybor Secaira Decano UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DEL ECUADOR - FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS En su Despacho De mi consideración: Como es de su conocimiento la Srta. Karen Aguirre se encuentra realizando el estudio de Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas (ARP) para el establecimiento de requisitos fííosanitarios de importación de semillas de pimiento (Capsicum annuum L,), para la siembra originarias de Guatemala, Vietnam y Corea del Sur? con la finalidad de obtener el título de ingeniera Agrónoma; al respecto le comunico que hemos finalizado la revisión del documento final, el cual cuenta con la aprobación de AGROCALIDAD para ser entregado a la Universidad Central del Ecuador. Adicionalmente le comunico que mediante el Oficio Nro. MAGAP-CSV/AGROCALIDAD-2016-000053-OF del 28 de enero del 2016, se solicita que las tablas de potencial de malezas, listado mundial y el cuadro de categorízación de los estudios de Análisis de Riesgo de Plagas (ARP), no deben ser publicados ni subidos en la web, con el fin de evitar inconvenientes con los países con quienes estamos negociando los requisitos fitosanitarios de importación del producto antes mencionado. Particular que pongo en su conocimiento para los fines pertinentes. Con sentimientos de distinguida consideración. Atentamente, COORDINADOR GENERAL DE VEGETAL CERTIFICACIÓN En calidad de tutor del trabajo de graduación cuyo título es: "ARP DE SEMILLAS DE PIMIENTO (Capsicum annuum L) PARA LA SIEMBRA ORIGINARIAS DE GUATEMALA, VIETNAM Y COREA DEL SUR", presentado por la señorita KAREN ESTEFANÍA AGUIRRE PACTOS previo a la obtención del Título de Ingeniera Agrónoma, considero que el proyecto reúne los requisitos necesarios. Quito, 07 de diciembre de 2016 Ing. Agr. Nicola Mastrocola, M.Sc TUTOR Quito, 07 de diciembre de 2016 Ingeniero Carlos Alberto Ortega, M.Sc. DIRECTOR DE CARRERA DE INGENIERÍA AGRONÓMICA Presente Señor Director: Luego de las revisiones técnicas realizadas por mi persona de trabajo de graduación "ARP DE SEMILLAS DE PIMIENTO (Capsicum annuum L.) PARA LA SIEMBRA ORIGINARIAS DE GUATEMALA, VIETNAM Y COREA DEL SUR'', llevado a cabo por la señorita KAREN ESTEFANÍA AGUIRRE PACTOS, de la Carrera Ingeniería Agronómica, ha concluido de manera exitosa, consecuentemente el indicado estudiante podrá continuar con los trámites de graduación correspondientes de acuerdo a lo que estipula las normativas y disposiciones legales. Por la atención que se digne da a la presente, reitero mi agradecimiento. Atentamente, Ing. Agr. Nicola Mastrocola, M.Sc TUTOR vi ARP DE SEMILLAS DE PIMIENTO (Capsicum annuum L.) PARA LA SIEMBRA ORIGINARIAS DE GUATEMALA, VIETNAM Y COREA DEL SUR APROBADO POR: Ing. Agr. Nicola Mastrocola, M.Sc. X TUTOR Ledo. Diego Salazar, Mag. PRESIDENTE DEL TRIBUNAL Ing. Agr. Clara Iza, M.Sc. PRIMER VOCAL DEL TRIBUNAL Ing. Agr. Valdano Tafur, Esp. SEGUNDO VOCAL DEL TRIBUNAL 2016 Vil CONTENIDO CAPÍTULO PÁGINAS 1 INTRODUCCIÓN .............................................................................................. 1 2 REVISION DE LITERATURA .............................................................................. 3 2.1 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO DE PLAGAS (ARP) .......................................................... 3 2.2 PIMIENTO ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 ORIGEN ........................................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 TAXONOMÍA ................................................................................................... 4 2.2.3 REQUERIMIENTOS EDAFOCLIMÁTICOS ......................................................... 5 2.2.4 IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA Y DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA. ....................... 6 2.3 PAÍSES EXPORTADORES ................................................................................. 8 2.3.1 GUATEMALA .................................................................................................. 8 2.3.2 COREA DEL SUR .............................................................................................. 9 2.3.3 VIETNAM ........................................................................................................ 9 3 MATERIALES Y METODOS ............................................................................ 10 3.1 UBICACIÓN ................................................................................................... 10 3.2 MATERIALES ................................................................................................. 10 3.3 MÉTODOS ..................................................................................................... 10 3.3.1 NORMATIVA DE REFERENCIA....................................................................... 10 3.3.2 ANÁLISIS DE RIESGO DE PLAGAS (ARP) ........................................................ 11 4 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN .......................................................................... 25 4.1 ETAPA I. INICIO DEL PROCESO DE ARP ............ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 4.1.1 EVENTO INICIADOR ......................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 4.1.2 EVALUACIÓN DE POTENCIAL DE MALEZA ....... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 4.1.3 IDENTIFICACIÓN DE REQUISITOS FITOSANITARIOS O ARP PREVIOS .... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 4.1.4 LISTA MUNDIAL DE PLAGAS ............................ ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 4.1.5 GUATEMALA ................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 4.1.6 VIETNAM ......................................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 4.1.7 COREA DEL SUR ............................................... ¡Error! Marcador no definido. 5 CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................ 25 6 RECOMENDACIONES .................................................................................... 26 7 RESUMEN ..................................................................................................... 27 viii 8 REFERENCIAS ................................................................................................ 29 9 ANEXOS ........................................................................................................ 91 ix ÍNDICE DE ANEXOS ANEXOS PÁG. 1 Ficha técnica de Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis 373 2 Ficha técnica de Pseudomonas viridiflava 380 3 Ficha técnica de Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria 388 4 Ficha técnica de Xanthomonas euvesicatoria 395 5 Ficha técnica de Xanthomonas vesicatoria 400 6 Ficha técnica de Cephalosporium sp. 407 7 Ficha técnica de Cladosporium cucumerinum 412 8 Ficha técnica de Cladosporium oxysporum 418 9 Ficha técnica de Cladosporium sphaerospermum 422 10 Ficha técnica de Colletotrichum capsici 426 11 Ficha técnica de Colletotrichum coccodes 431 12 Ficha técnica de Colletotrichum dematium 438 13 Ficha técnica de Colletotrichum
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