Sehnsucht Nach Illusion? : Klassische Japanische Traumlyrik Aus Geschlechtsspezifischer Und Rezeptionsgeschichtlicher Perspektive

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Sehnsucht Nach Illusion? : Klassische Japanische Traumlyrik Aus Geschlechtsspezifischer Und Rezeptionsgeschichtlicher Perspektive Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2003 Sehnsucht nach Illusion? : klassische japanische Traumlyrik aus geschlechtsspezifischer und rezeptionsgeschichtlicher Perspektive Müller, Simone Abstract: In der mit klassischer japanischer Traumdichtung beschäftigten Literaturwissenschaft zeigt sich der bemerkenswerte Umstand, dass das Traummotiv als typisch weibliches Sujet rezipiert wird. Dies ist unter anderem auf die Marginalisierung der Frau in der Nara- und Heian-Zeit zurückzuführen. Auf- grund der polygamen Gesellschaftsstruktur, der Besuchs-Ehe sowie des Ausschlusses von Frauen aus dem öffentlichen Leben wird ihr Dasein im Allgemeinen als unerfüllt und einsam verstanden. Diese Marginal- isierung findet ihre Bestätigung in der Frauendichtung selbst, die von der Liebesdichtung dominiert wird und deren zentrale Themen das Beklagen einseitigen Verlangens, das nächtelange Warten sowie der Aus- druck der heimlichen Sehnsucht sind - manchmal symbolisiert durch den Traum vom Geliebten. Der Ausdruck der unerfüllten Liebe zeigt sich allerdings auch in der von Männern verfassten Traumdichtung. Statistische Untersuchungen der Traumgedichte ergeben zudem, dass Dichter das Motiv nicht weniger verwendeten als Dichterinnen. Die Assoziation des weiblichen Geschlechts mit dem Traummotiv basiert somit weniger auf einer Affinität der Dichterinnen mit dem Sujet als auf einer geschlechtsspezifischen Rezeptionsweise seitens der Forschung: Die Kongruenz von Dichtungsinhalt und gesellschaftlicher Stel- lung führte zu einer biographischen Textdeutung insbesondere der Frauengedichte. Dichterinnen werden als unglückliche Frauen verstanden, die sich in eine Traumwelt flüchteten, als einzige Dimension, in der sie ihre Liebe verwirklichen konnten. Dabei wird vernachlässigt, dass es sich beim Ausdruck der unerfüll- ten Liebe und dem mit ihr verknüpften Traummotiv um eine ästhetische Stilisierung handelt. Literature dealing with classical Japanese dream poetry reflects one particularly interesting fact in that the main concepts in such poetry are typically associated with female poetry. One of the reasons for this lies in the marginalisation of women during the Nara- and Heian-periods. A woman’s existence during that time was generally understood as being unfulfilled and lonely, which can partly be explained withthe polygamous structure of society and the institution of duolocal marriage. This marginalisation is reflected in female poetry of the time, wherein love poetry is a dominant genre. The core subject matter here lies in the lamenting of unrequited love, endless periods of waiting, as well as periods of secret longing, which is sometimes symbolized by the appearance of the lover in a dream. Such an expression of unrequited love also manifests itself in male love poetry, which is reflected in statistical analyses attributing an equal share of attention to love poetry by both male and female poets. The association of the female gender with dream poetry is therefore not to be explained with any particular link between female poets and the subject matter; the reason rather lies in the gender-related research methods that have been applied by the literary field. Particularly with regards to female poetry, the congruency of contents and thepo- etess’s social standing led to an approach favouring biographical textual analysis. Female poets are seen as unhappy souls who have escaped into a dream world which remained the only means to a seemingly fulfilled love. Such analysis however does not consider that the expression of unrequited loveandits associated dreams also form a kind of aesthetic stylisation. Other titles: Traum und Lyrik in Japan Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-163161 Dissertation Originally published at: Müller, Simone. Sehnsucht nach Illusion? : klassische japanische Traumlyrik aus geschlechtsspezifischer und rezeptionsgeschichtlicher Perspektive. 2003, University of Zurich, Faculty of Arts. 2 SEHNSUCHT NACH ILLUSION? KLASSISCHE JAPANISCHE TRAUMLYRIK AUS GESCHLECHTSSPEZIFISCHER UND REZEPTIONSGESCHICHTLICHER PERSPEKTIVE Abhandlung zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich vorgelegt von Simone Müller von Thayngen (SH) Referent: Prof. Dr. E. Klopfenstein 26. Februar 2003 Denn in den Räumen dieser Wunderwelt ist eben nur ein Traum das ganze Leben, und der Mensch, das seh ich nun träumt sein ganzes Sein und Tun bis zuletzt die Träum’ entschweben, denn ein Traum ist alles Leben und die Träume selbst ein Traum. (Calderon de la Barca) Meinen Eltern Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis .....................................................................................1 Abkürzungsverzeichnis.............................................................................4 1. Einleitung ............................................................................................5 1.1 Vorbemerkungen .........................................................................5 1.2 Fragestellung und Untersuchungsgegenstand..............................7 1.3 Vorgehensweise und Aufbau .......................................................9 1.4 Angaben zur Darstellungsweise.................................................10 2. Frauengedichte in der japanischen Literaturrezeption........................12 2.1 Vorbemerkungen .......................................................................12 2.2 Dichten als Katharsis: die biographische Textdeutung von Frauengedichten.........................................................................13 2.3 Das Verhältnis zwischen Aussagesubjekt und Autor ................16 3. Der intertextuelle Ansatz...................................................................20 4. Der Traum in der japanischen Traumvorstellung und Literatur ........24 5. Das Traummotiv in der chinesischen Poesie der späten Sechs Dynastien...........................................................................................31 5.1 Das Traummotiv im Yutai xinyong............................................31 5.1.1 Vorbemerkungen .............................................................31 5.1.2 Die Traumgedichte ..........................................................35 5.2 Der Traum im Youxian ku..........................................................41 5.2.1 Vorbemerkungen .............................................................41 5.2.2 Die Traumpassagen .........................................................42 5.3 Zwischenfazit.............................................................................43 6. Kasa no Iratsume und das Man’yôshû...............................................46 6.1 Die Traumgedichte des Man’yôshû ...........................................46 6.1.1 Vorbemerkungen .............................................................46 6.1.2 Der Weissagungstraum....................................................50 6.1.3 Aktive Herbeiführung eines Traums durch magische Riten ................................................................51 6.1.4 Die Form der Seele und wie sie sich im Traum verhält...52 6.1.5 Der Besuchstraum............................................................54 6.1.6 Der Gedankentraum.........................................................57 1 6.1.7 Die Gesellschaft als Evozierer des Wunschs nach dem Traum.......................................................................58 6.1.8 Man‘yôshû und chinesische Traumdichtung...................60 6.1.8.1 Die Polarität zwischen Traum und Wirklichkeit 60 6.1.8.2 Der Traum, die Länge der Nacht und die Tränen ...........................................................64 6.2 Das Traummotiv in den Frauengedichten des Man’yôshû.........66 6.2.1 Statistische Angaben........................................................66 6.2.2. Die Problematik des lyrischen Ichs .................................72 6.2.3 Thematische Unterschiede der Frauengedichte ...............73 6.2.3.1 Das Warten im Schlafgemach.............................74 6.2.3.2 Die einseitige Liebe ............................................76 6.3 Kasa no Iratsume, die verschmähte Liebende............................77 6.3.1 Vorbemerkungen .............................................................77 6.3.2 Kasa no Iratsume in der japanischen Literaturrezeption .79 6.3.3 Die Traumgedichte der Kasa no Iratsume .......................80 6.3.3.1 Das erste Traumgedicht ......................................81 6.3.3.2 Das zweite Traumgedicht ...................................84 6.4 Zwischenfazit.............................................................................86 7. Ono no Komachi und das Kokin[waka]shû.......................................89 7.1 Vorbemerkungen .......................................................................89 7.2 Die Traumgedichte des Kokinshû ..............................................96 7.2.1 Statistische Auswertungen...............................................96 7.2.2 Die erste Phase: Die Übergangszeit des Man’yôshû .......99 7.2.3 Die Zeit der Sechs Dichtergenies ..................................102 7.2.4 Die Zeit der Kompilatoren.............................................104 7.3 Das Traummotiv in den Frauengedichten des Kokinshû .........110 7.3.1 Allgemeine Angaben .....................................................110 7.3.2 Magische Riten..............................................................112 7.3.3 Der Wunsch, aus
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