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Republic of Turkey Uludağ University Institute of Natural Sciences the Ecological Approaches in Skyscrapers for Generating

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Republic of Turkey Uludağ University Institute of Natural Sciences the Ecological Approaches in Skyscrapers for Generating REPUBLIC OF TURKEY ULUDAĞ UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL SCIENCES THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN SKYSCRAPERS FOR GENERATING AND REDUCING THE ENERGY LOSS BY USING RENEWABLE RESOURCES Mohammed Sharif Omar BA ALAWI Assoc. Prof. Tülin VURAL ARSLAN (Supervisor) MASTER DEGREE THESIS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE BURSA - 2018 ABSTRACT MSc Thesis THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN SKYSCRAPERS FOR GENERATING AND REDUCING THE ENERGY LOSS BY USING RENEWABLE RESOURCES Mohammed Sharif Omar BA ALAWI Uludağ University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Architecture Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Tülin VURAL ARSLAN Skyscrapers became the defining features of the cityscape with the advent of the 20th century. They become an inevitable and important product not only on the building scale but also on the country scale because they meet the needs of living for the present and the future. Besides the positive aspects of skyscrapers, they can be a product that may create problems in ecological and environmental terms, not only for our present but also for our future; the huge consumption of energy is the major problem of these types of tall buildings. For that reason in the design of skyscrapers, ecological designs and elements must also be developed in terms of generating and reducing the energy loss. Skyscrapers that can be adapting to the natural environment and emphasizing the ecological design criteria are the most appropriate solutions for our future and our environment. This thesis provides an overview on the notion of eco-design by highlighting some links between skyscrapers and ecological design. This research investigates also some worldwide used green building rating systems which can be utilized for evaluating the sustainability of skyscrapers. The main purpose of the thesis is to research on the ecological approaches in skyscrapers for generating and reducing the energy loss by using renewable resources. The energy generation in skyscrapers with productive mode strategies is investigated by focusing on two strategies; the first one is the solar energy and solar PVs, and the second one is the wind energy and wind turbines. The energy loss reduction in skyscrapers with passive mode strategies is investigated by focusing on two strategies; the first one is the passive solar concepts for natural solar gain and daylight, and the second one is the passive wind concepts for natural ventilation. As case studies; this thesis analyzed the ecological approaches for generating the energy in skyscrapers with productive mode strategies by using solar and wind energy, and reducing the energy loss in skyscrapers with passive mode strategies by using solar and wind concepts in some examples of skyscrapers that exist around the world. Key words: Skyscrapers, ecological design, renewable energy, productive mode, passive mode, sustainability. 2018, xv + 244 pages. i ÖZET Yüksek Lisans Tezi GÖKDELENLERDE YENĠLENEBĠLĠR ENERJĠ KAYNAKLARI KULLANILARAK ENERJĠNĠN ÜRETĠLMESĠ VE ENERJĠ KAYBININ AZALTILMASI ĠÇĠN EKOLOJĠK YAKLAġIMLAR Mohammed Sharif Omar BA ALAWI Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Mimarlık Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Doç.Dr. Tülin VURAL ARSLAN Gökdelenler, 20. yüzyılın geliĢiyle kent silüetinin belirleyici özelliklerinden beri olmuĢtur. Bugünün ve geleceğin yaĢam ihtiyaçlarını karĢılayabilmesi için gökdelenler sadece yapı ölçeğinde değil, aynı zamanda ülke ölçeğinde de kaçınılmaz ve önemli ürünlerinden beri olmuĢtur. Gökdelenlerin olumlu yönlerinin yanında, bu binalar ekolojik ve çevresel açısından sorun yaratan bir ürün olabilmektedir, sadece günümüzde değil, aynı zamanda gelecekte sorun yaratabilmektedir. Bu tür yüksek binaların aĢırı enerji tüketimi en büyük problemlerden biridir. Bu tür binalar yapay ıĢık, ısı ve bina soğutması için elektrik gücü ve mekanik gücü üretilmek için büyük miktarda enerji tüketmektedir. Gökdelenler ekolojik ve yeĢil tasarımı açısından büyük dikkat çekmesi gerekmektedir. Bunun için gökdelenler tasarımında ekolojik tasarımlar ve unsurlar enerjinin üretilmesi ve enerji kaybının azaltılması açısından geliĢtirilmelidir. Doğal çevreye uyum sağlayabilen ve ekolojik tasarım kriterleri vurgulayabilen gökdelenler geleceğimiz ve çevremiz için en uygun çözümlerdir. Bu tezde, eko tasarım kavramına kısa bir bakıĢ getirilerek gökdelenler ile ekolojik tasarım arasındaki bazı bağlantıları vurgulanmıĢtır. Bu araĢtırmada, gökdelenlerin sürdürülebilirliğini değerlendirmesi için kullanılabilecek yeĢil bina derecelendirme sistemlerinin bazılarını incelenmiĢtir. Bu tezin temel amacı, gökdelenlerde yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kullanılarak enerjinin üretilmesi ve enerji kaybının azaltılması için ekolojik yaklaĢımlar araĢtırılmıĢtır. Bu tezde, üretken mod stratejileri ile gökdelenlerde enerjinin üretilmesi için iki strateji üzerinde odaklanılmıĢtır; birincisi güneĢ enerjisi ve güneĢ PV'leri, ikincisi ise rüzgar enerjisi ve rüzgar türbinleri. Bu tezde de, pasif mod stratejileri ile gökdelenlerdeki enerjinin kaybının azaltılması için iki strateji üzerinde odaklanılmıĢtır; birincisi doğal güneĢ kazancı ve günıĢığı kazancı için kullanılan pasif güneĢ tasarımları, ikincisi ise doğal havalandırma için kullanılan pasif rüzgar tasarımları. ÇalıĢma örnekleri olarak; bu tezde, dünyada var olan bazı gökdelenlerin örneklerine ait enerjinin üretilmesi ve enerji kaybının azaltılması için kullanılan yukarıdaki ekolojik yaklaĢımlar inclenmiĢtir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gökdelenler, ekolojik tasarım, yinelenebilir enerji, üretken mod, pasif mod, sürdürülebilirlik 2018, xv + 244 sayfa. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT After an intensive period of two years, writing this acknowledgment is the end touch on my master degree thesis. It has been a period of intensive researching and learning for me, not only in the scientific area but also on the personal level. Writing this thesis has had a big impact on me to understand the methods and ecological approaches which are used for generating and reducing the energy loss in the skyscrapers in order to improve the performance of skyscrapers and make these tall buildings to have an excellent impact on their environment. I would like to reflect on the people who have supported and helped me so much throughout this period. I would first like to express my gratitude to my God for giving me the strength, patience, and courage to complete this thesis. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Assoc. Prof. Tülin VURAL ARSLAN from the department of architecture at Uludağ University in Turkey for her continuous support of my Master degree study and research, for her patience, motivation, enthusiasm, and immense knowledge. Her guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank all my professors, doctors, and the teaching staff at Uludağ University in Turkey and the University of Constantine 03 in Algeria, for their encouragement, valuable guidance, and insightful comments. Last but not the least, I must express my very profound gratitude to my family especially my parents Aisha and Sharif BA ALAWI for giving birth to me at the first place and supporting me spiritually throughout my life. Thank you for your wise counsel and sympathetic ears. Thank you for providing me with unfailing support and continuous encouragement throughout my years of study. I would also like to thank all my relatives and friends for their spiritual supporting and encouraging. You supported me greatly and were always willing to help me. Thank you very much, everyone! Mohammed BA ALAWI 04/04/2018 iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... i ÖZET................................................................................................................................. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................................................................. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................. iv ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................ vii LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... x LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................... xv 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Definition of the Problem ................................................................................... 1 1.2. Purpose and Objectives ...................................................................................... 2 1.3. Research Questions and Hypotheses .................................................................. 2 1.4. Methodology ...................................................................................................... 3 1.5. Practical Implications ......................................................................................... 6 1.6. Limitations of Thesis .......................................................................................... 9 2. THEORETICAL FUNDAMENTALS AND LITERATURE REVIEW ................ 13 2.1. The Notions of Sustainability and Ecological Design ...................................... 13 2.1.1. Definitions of sustainability .........................................................................
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