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Kinetic Double Skin Façade As an Environmentally Responsive Strategy to Reduce Energy and Improve Light Comfort in an Office Building in Dubai - Uae

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Kinetic Double Skin Façade As an Environmentally Responsive Strategy to Reduce Energy and Improve Light Comfort in an Office Building in Dubai - Uae KINETIC DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE AS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIVE STRATEGY TO REDUCE ENERGY AND IMPROVE LIGHT COMFORT IN AN OFFICE BUILDING IN DUBAI - UAE الواجهات الخارجية المتحركة كاسلوب معالجة استجابة بيئية لتقليل الطاقة وتحسين اﻻنارة الداخلية للمباني المكتبية في دبي – اﻻمارات العربية المتحدة by MOAMIN ALSALEEM A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT at The British University in Dubai Prof. Bassam Abu-Hijleh September 2017 1 DECLARATION I warrant that the content of this research is the direct result of my own work and that any use made in it of published or unpublished copyright material falls within the limits permitted by international copyright conventions. I understand that a copy of my research will be deposited in the University Library for permanent retention. I hereby agree that the material mentioned above for which I am author and copyright holder may be copied and distributed by The British University in Dubai for the purposes of research, private study or education and that The British University in Dubai may recover from purchasers the costs incurred in such copying and distribution, where appropriate. I understand that The British University in Dubai may make a digital copy available in the institutional repository. I understand that I may apply to the University to retain the right to withhold or to restrict access to my thesis for a period which shall not normally exceed four calendar years from the congregation at which the degree is conferred, the length of the period to be specified in the application, together with the precise reasons for making that application. _______________________ Signature of the student I 2 COPYRIGHT AND INFORMATION TO USERS The author whose copyright is declared on the title page of the work has granted to the British University in Dubai the right to lend his/her research work to users of its library and to make partial or single copies for educational and research use. The author has also granted permission to the University to keep or make a digital copy for similar use and for the purpose of preservation of the work digitally. Multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by either the author, the Registrar or the Dean of Education only. Copying for financial gain shall only be allowed with the author’s express permission. Any use of this work in whole or in part shall respect the moral rights of the author to be acknowledged and to reflect in good faith and without detriment the meaning of the content, and the original authorship. II Abstract Façade technique as a response to the external climate factors has been discussing tremendously by many studies and in many regions with various weather conditions. However, in particular, the subject of the kinetic facade as a strategic solution to enhance the building energy efficiency have a shortage data for the researcher, especially in the region of the middle east. However, the performance of the kinetic façade is still questionable due to the lack of the experience, recorded data especially regarding high rise office buildings in Dubai, UAE and GCC area. These motivate the research to select an existing high rise office building with almost 65 floors as a base case model to demonstrate the dynamic louver system as a strategic environmental solution by enhancing the energy efficiency and scale the potential power saving. The building is allocated in Dubai, UAE which classified as hot, arid climate. The study accordingly establishes the baseline model as per the conditions and considering the local climate factors. The research validates the model by comparing the first energy simulation results against the actual record of the energy demand according to local Authority DEWA. Subsequently, the study develops the baseline by incorporate the configuration of the dynamic louver system to all façades. The model has been tested to figure out the optimal louvers configuration with various inclination started from 15, 30, and 45 till 180 degrees where the system performed as second skin scenario.The kinetic louver position as a double skin has been considering in three various scenarios (600, 1200 and 1800 mm). These simulations have been conducted within different seasons, different façade orientations on three different floors. The different Kinetic skin setting aims to demonstrate the effect of the model on total heat gain and heat loss of the building envelope and enhance total saving of power consumption by reducing the cooling load in additional to enhance the daylight level in the office building. The kinetic façade illustration and outcomes III compared to the baseline model of existing building and the option of baseline with light control scenario. The research used Autodesk software to build the baseline model and take advantage of the software platform to simulate the model accordingly. Auto CAD and Revit software used to build the model; Flow Design software used to run the wind flow simulation and scale the effect of the system, and in particular, the optimal performance of façade as double skin with best cavity distance. The wind test results end up with the best cavity as 1800mm due to the optimal air velocity and air pressure in the cavity. CFD software used to measure the stack effect of the double skin, and the simulation concurs the disadvantage of high rise scale of double skin façade due to chimney effect factor where wind temperatures increased drastically. The Light performance simulated by Revit light analysis where the criteria of the test identified by scale useful daylight illuminance UDI factor and high level of illuminance HDI and below threshold light factor LDI. Also, HVAC system simulated by Revit software, and then, the total energy efficiency have been tested by same software advance by the Green studio and Insight 360 platform. The results of the research illustrate the kinetic façade system as quite challenged but presenting promised outcomes within a certain time in explicit and during a different season of the year. Specifically, the saving of the HVAC system reach 40-45% with double skin scenario, and in another hand, the balance between the daylight and the HVAC load presented by the dynamic louvre with inclination 75 –105 degrees lead to saving 20-35% of the total energy demand in average as an optimum efficiency and functionality. Moreover, in December the kinetic louvre system contribution in the total energy demand have mostly equal values with the same percentage of daylight and HVAC load. Therefore, 45-degree inclination presents the best scenario. Base on the result analysis of air flow test, light analysis, HVAC demand and the total energy portfolio, the research highly recommended the combination of the different scenarios which will enhance the system performance significantly with potential saving up to 40% of total power demand. IV نبذة مختصرة عن البحث تقنية الواجهة وارتباطها بالعوامل المناخية الخارجية تم دراستها بشكل هائل من قبل العديد من الباحثين وفي العديد من المناطق ذات الظروف الجوية المختلفة. ومع ذلك، وعلى وجه الخصوص، هنالك قلة في البجوث المتعلقة بموضوع الواجهة الحركية باعتبارها حﻻ استراتيجيا لتعزيز كفاءة استخدام الطاقة في المبنانى وخاصة في منطقة الشرق اﻷوسط. اﻻ ان أداء الواجهة الحركية ﻻ يزال موضع شك نظرا لعدم وجود الخبرة، والبيانات المسجلة والتجارب الخاصة فيما يتعلق بالمباني متعددت الطوابق وذات ارتفاعات عالية و خاصة ابنية المكاتب في دبي واﻹمارات العربية المتحدة بالخصوص ودول مجلس التعاون الخليجي و المنطقة بالعموم. وعليه فقد حفز البحث على اختيار مبنى مكتبي بارتفاع ما يقرب من 65 طابقا كنموذج للدراسة و البحت و اضافة اللوفرات الديناميكي المتحركة كحل بيئي استراتيجي لتعزيز كفاءة الطاقة وتوسيع نطاق توفير الطاقة المستخدمة في المبنى. يقع المبنى في دبي، اﻹمارات العربية المتحدة التي تصنف على أنها مناخ حار وجاف. وبناء على ذلك، فقد حددت الدراسة النموذج اﻷساسي للبحث وفقا لشروط المبنى القائم مع اﻻخذ بنظﻻ اﻻعتبار العوامل المناخية للمنطقة. لقد تم اوﻻ التحقق من النموذج اﻻساسي للمبنى المستخدم والذ تم اعداده للبحث عن طرق مقارنة نتائج محاكاة الطاقة اﻷولى مع السجل الفعلي للطلب على الطاقة الذي المسجل لدى هيئة كهرباء ومياه دبي والتاكد من مطابقة النتائج. و عليه فقد تم بناء النموذج اﻻولي للبحث مع تطور النموذج من خﻻل دمج تكوين نظام اللوفرات الديناميكية المتحركة لجميع الواجهات. وقد تم اختبار هذا النموذج لمعرفة التكوين اﻷمثل للوفرات العمودية واﻷفقية مع عدة زواية مختلفة بدأت من 15، 30، و 45 حتى 180 درجة حيث سيكون أداء النظام كواجهة تغليف مزدوجة. باﻹضافة إلى ذلك، فإن الواجهات المزدوج المكونة من تشكيل اللوفرات قد تم اختبارها في ثﻻثة سيناريوهات مختلفة )600، 1200 و 1800 ملم(. وقد أجريت هذه المحاكاة في مواسم مختلفة، اتاجاهات مختلفة للواجهة في ثﻻثة طوابق مختلفة. ويهدف وضع اللوفرات المتحركة المختلفة ﻹظهار تأثير النموذج على مجموع مكاسب الحرارة وفقدان الحرارة عند واجهات المبنى وتعزيز اﻻدخار الكلي ﻻستهﻻك الطاقة عن طريق الحد من حمل التبريد الزائد باﻹضافة إلى زيادة منسوب اﻻنارة الطبيعية في البيئة الداخلية للمكاتب. تم استخدام برنامج Autodesk لبناءالنموذج اﻷساسي للبحث واﻻستفادة من منصة البرمجيات لمحاكاة النموذج وفقا لذلك. وكذلك برنامج AutoCAD و برنامج Revit تم استخدامها لبناء النموذج و برنامج Flow Design لمحاكاة قياس تاثير الرياح لتوسيع تأثير الواجهة الحركية وعلى وجه الخصوص اﻷداء اﻷمثل للواجهة مواجهات مزدوجة مع تحديد أفضل مسافة للبعد بين الواجهات الرئيسية و اللوفرات المتحركة. وكانت نتيجة محاكاة الرياح بان أفضل مسافة تجويف هي 1800ملم وذلك بسبب سرعة الهواء اﻷمثل وضغط الهواء في منطقة التجويف. تم استخدام برنامج CFD by Autodesk لقياس تأثير اﻻرياح للواجهات وباﻻخص المنطقة V بين الةاجهة الريسية و اللوفرات المشكلة كطبقة مزدوجة، وكانت نتيجة التحاليل والمحاكاة بان هنالك مشكلة في زيادة سرعة الرياح و درجة حرارة الرياح في منطقة التجويف في الواجهة المزدوجة بسبب الضاهرة المعرفة بتأثير المدخنة حيث ارتفعت درجات الحرارة الرياح بشكل كبير. أداء الضوء في النموذج اﻷساسي تم محاكاته باستخدام برنامج تحليل الضوء حيث تم تحدبيد معايير اﻻختبار من خﻻل مقياس ضوء النهار المناسب و قياس مؤشرات اﻹنارة اﻻخرى.
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