DOCSLIB.ORG

Leading-The-Way-To-Net-Zero-2009-2014-Inside-SE-Asias-First-Retrofitted-Building.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Leading-The-Way-To-Net-Zero-2009-2014-Inside-SE-Asias-First-Retrofitted-Building.Pdf 200 Braddell Road #03-00 BCA Academy of the Built Environment Singapore 579700 ISBN 9789810915667 Telephone: 6248 9999 Facsimile: 6258 0558 Website: http://www.csb.sg/ 9 789810 915667 Leading the Way to Net Zero, 2009 - 2014: Inside SE Asia’s First Retrofitted Zero Energy Building Energy Zero Retrofitted First 2009 - 2014: Inside SE Asia’s Zero, Net to the Way Leading Leading the Way to Net Zero, 2009 - 2014: INSIDE SE ASIA’S FIRST RETROfiTTED ZERO ENERGY BUILDING BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings Ltd for BCA Centre Disclaimer This document is published by the BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings Ltd. Copyright @ 2014 BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings Ltd, Singapore. All rights reserved. This document or any part thereof may not be reproduced for any reason whatsoever in any form or means whatsoever and howsoever without the prior written consent and approval of the BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings Ltd. Whilst every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this publication, the BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings Ltd, its employees or agents shall not be responsible for any mistake or inaccuracy that may be contained herein and all such liability and responsibility are expressly disclaimed by these said parties. ISBN: 978-981-09-1566-7 Printed on environmentally friendly paper. The BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings (BCA CSB) was established and designated as a Centre collaborating with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), under a Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) of Singapore and the UNEP on 14 September 2011. Being the first in Asia and one of the few collaborating centres with UNEP, the Centre is well equipped to develop and deliver policy advice and outreach assistance to countries for sustainable development in the building sector. This assistance would be provided in close consultation with UNEP through the identification of successful policies, strategies and technologies at the regional and national level as we strive to grow the Centre into a hub for green buildings in the region, and contribute to global climate mitigation efforts. Acknowledgements BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings would like to thank our collaborating partner the Building and Construction Authority for their invaluable support in this endeavour. In addition, the Centre would like to express our gratitude to the following for their contributions to this publication, and also their consent to use their materials and photographs. Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner (S.E Asia) Pte Ltd Ms Irene Yong DP Architects Pte Ltd Mr Arthur Loh Green Building Initiative Mr Jerry Yudelson Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts Professor Stephen Wittkopf National University of Singapore Professor Wong Nyuk Hien Ms Erna Tan Phoenix Solar Pte Ltd Mr Christophe Inglin Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore Mr Valliappan Selvam We would also like to thank all the different individuals who have contributed in one way or another to the successful completion of this publication. Foreword Five years ago, the launch of the Zero Energy Building (ZEB) placed the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) on the research and development (R&D) map for pioneering this initiative at the Singapore Green Building Week in 2009. Since then, ZEB has been continuing to operate at net zero. As of 15 July 2014, ZEB accumulated a net surplus of 55 MWh of electricity, enough to power 144 flats of about 100 square metres for a month. This is quite a feat, since we had to cope with a substantial increase in the number of occupants and the hours of operation from 2012 to 2013. R&D is a key component of BCA’s Green Building Masterplans, both in capability development and in carrying out innovations. When we undertook this project jointly with the National University of Singapore (NUS), the vision was to create a living demonstration platform for the study of energy-efficient buildings and technologies, as well as an educational hub for students and practitioners in this field. Since its opening, some 23,000 visitors including building professionals, policy makers, academia, industry, researchers and students have visited ZEB. I am happy to note that the interest to visit and learn from ZEB remains strong, with many travelling all the way from Europe, the Far East and the Americas. We are also maintaining the ZEB up-to-date with a sustained flow of new test-beds of different green building technologies. This project would not have been possible without the valuable contributions from the funding agencies Ministry of National Development and Economic Development Board; the researchers from NUS; consultants from DP Architects, Beca Carter, and Langdon & Seah; the main contractor ACP Construction; the solar integrator Grenzone; and the operation team. The experience in developing and operating ZEB have been documented by the BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings (BCA CSB) in this second publication Leading the Way to Net Zero, 2009-2014: Inside SE Asia’s First Retrofitted Zero Energy Building, following from its first publication released in 2013, Using Less, Getting More: An Overview of Building Energy Efficiency Initiatives in SE Asia Region. BCA CSB’s key goal is to help raise awareness and to facilitate knowledge transfer. We hope that this publication will be a useful and valuable reference for all stakeholders in Singapore as well as in the region. Let us all do our utmost to push the boundaries of building performance to create a better and greener built environment for all. Dr John Keung Chairman BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings Chief Executive Officer Building and Construction Authority Foreword Back in 2007, the National University of Singapore (NUS) joined forces with the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) to develop Singapore’s first ever net- zero energy building, the Zero Energy Building (ZEB) at the BCA Academy. Intertwining sustainability and education, the building offers an opportunity for researchers and students alike to experience the sustainable solutions used within. Opened for new test-beds, the building also provides a platform for those who wish to further their understanding in the area of sustainable buildings, and gain valuable hands-on experience with new building technologies to enhance their academic interests. A sustainable building is not realised by simply bringing together all state-of-the- art technologies under one roof. Neither should one be led to believe that, upon its completion, the building can then run of its own accord and remain permanently “sustainable”. It is a complex process that involves the commitment of many stakeholders, encompassing all stages of a building’s lifecycle. As such, I am pleased that the BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings (BCA CSB) initiated to document the story of ZEB, to demonstrate what it takes to develop a net-zero energy building in the tropics, and to share with everyone the ups and downs inherent in ambitious sustainable building projects. I am happy to see the Centre’s commitment to raising visibility to and sharing knowledge of sustainable buildings to partners in the region and beyond, and I look forward to more of such publications from the Centre. I also look forward to greater collaborations with BCA CSB to address pressing issues of the industry in order to make ours a quality urban environment. Professor Heng Chye Kiang Dean School of Design and Environment National University of Singapore Director BCA Centre for Sustainable Buildings List of abbreviations and acronyms ACMV – Air-conditioning and mechanical ventilation ASEAN – Association of Southeast Asian Nations BCA – Building and Construction Authority BCI – Building Construction Information BMS – Building Management System C&S – Civil and structural EEI – Energy Efficiency Index EUI – Energy Use Intensity FLEXLAB – Facility for Low Energy eXperiments in Buildings GFA – Gross floor area HVAC - Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning IES – Institution of Engineers Singapore LED – Light-emitting diode MND – Ministry of National Development M&E – Mechanical and electrical NUS – National University of Singapore PDV – Passive displacement ventilation PI – Principal Investigator PV – Photovoltaic R&D – Research and development SCTF – Single Coil Twin Fan UV – Ultraviolet ZEB – Zero Energy Building Contents Introduction 08 Zer0 is the goal 12 Many technologies, one goal 20 ZEB the living lab 44 Challenges overcame, lessons learned 50 Taking the next step 62 References 68 Introduction A living laboratory for green building technologies Project name: Zero Energy Building @ BCA Academy Location: 200 Braddell Road, Singapore Completion date: October 2009 Gross floor area: 4,500 square metres Owner: Building and Construction Authority of Singapore Principal Investigator for green building technologies: National University of Singapore Architect: DP Architects Pte Ltd Project manager: Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner (S.E. Asia) Pte Ltd Mechanical & electrical engineer: Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner (S.E. Asia) Pte Ltd Civil & structural engineer: Beca Carter Hollings & Ferner (S.E. Asia) Pte Ltd Quantity surveyor: Davis Langdon & Seah Singapore Pte Ltd Main contractor: ACP Construction Pte Ltd Photovoltaic contractor: Grenzone Pte Ltd It is believed that the first form of shelter was built The project was funded by BCA, the Ministry of more than 500,000 years ago. Since then, buildings National Development (MND) Research Fund, and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Design and Control of Hydronic Radiant Cooling Systems
    Design and Control of Hydronic Radiant Cooling Systems By Jingjuan Feng A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture in the Graduate Division of the University of California, Berkeley Committee in charge: Professor Stefano Schiavon, Chair Professor Gail Brager Professor Edward Arens Professor Francesco Borrelli Spring 2014 Design and Control of Hydronic Radiant Cooling Systems © 2014 By Jingjuan Feng ABSTRACT Design and Control of Hydronic Radiant Cooling Systems by Jingjuan Feng Doctor of Philosophy in Architecture University of California, Berkeley Professor Stefano Schiavon, Chair Improving energy efficiency in the Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings is critical to achieve the energy reduction in the building sector, which consumes 41% of all primary energy produced in the United States, and was responsible for nearly half of U.S. CO2 emissions. Based on a report by the New Building Institute (NBI), when HVAC systems are used, about half of the zero net energy (ZNE) buildings report using a radiant cooling/heating system, often in conjunction with ground source heat pumps. Radiant systems differ from air systems in the main heat transfer mechanism used to remove heat from a space, and in their control characteristics when responding to changes in control signals and room thermal conditions. This dissertation investigates three related design and control topics: cooling load calculations, cooling capacity estimation, and control for the heavyweight radiant systems. These three issues are fundamental to the development of accurate design/modeling tools, relevant performance testing methods, and ultimately the realization of the potential energy benefits of radiant systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Kinetic Double Skin Façade As an Environmentally Responsive Strategy to Reduce Energy and Improve Light Comfort in an Office Building in Dubai - Uae
    KINETIC DOUBLE SKIN FAÇADE AS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY RESPONSIVE STRATEGY TO REDUCE ENERGY AND IMPROVE LIGHT COMFORT IN AN OFFICE BUILDING IN DUBAI - UAE الواجهات الخارجية المتحركة كاسلوب معالجة استجابة بيئية لتقليل الطاقة وتحسين اﻻنارة الداخلية للمباني المكتبية في دبي – اﻻمارات العربية المتحدة by MOAMIN ALSALEEM A dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MSc SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND BUILT ENVIRONMENT at The British University in Dubai Prof. Bassam Abu-Hijleh September 2017 1 DECLARATION I warrant that the content of this research is the direct result of my own work and that any use made in it of published or unpublished copyright material falls within the limits permitted by international copyright conventions. I understand that a copy of my research will be deposited in the University Library for permanent retention. I hereby agree that the material mentioned above for which I am author and copyright holder may be copied and distributed by The British University in Dubai for the purposes of research, private study or education and that The British University in Dubai may recover from purchasers the costs incurred in such copying and distribution, where appropriate. I understand that The British University in Dubai may make a digital copy available in the institutional repository. I understand that I may apply to the University to retain the right to withhold or to restrict access to my thesis for a period which shall not normally exceed four calendar years from the congregation at which the degree is conferred, the length of the period to be specified in the application, together with the precise reasons for making that application.
    [Show full text]
  • September 24, 2013 Jim Newman Linnean Solutions
    September 24, 2013 Jim Newman Linnean Solutions Agenda: • Key Takeaways • Research Process • Strategies for Buildings • Municipal Strategies • Next Steps Key Takeaways The Hazards are Real They are Here, Now Key Takeaways Act Now There are many strategies to make buildings more resilient that are cheap and easy. Get these actions into plans now and plan ahead for more expensive work.. Structure of the Report • Section 1 is a look at the context of Boston, for buildings, community, and ecosystems, Context with a focus on the existing building stock of Boston and known hazards. Key References • Section 2 describes the key references for the study and resources that were the most helpful. Strategies for Building • Section 3 lists strategies for improving the Owners resilience of existing buildings. These are presented as ‘tear sheets’ or key take-aways Strategies for the City with references to specific instructions. • Section 4 surveys municipal strategies that other cities and municipalities have Next Steps implemented for enhancing resilience. • Section 5 outlines potential next steps. The appendices provide reference material. Research Process • Review of Reports – Existing resilience initiatives from a global selection of reports. – Hazards to Boston were identified through hazard mitigation plans and a Flooding in Boston thorough literature review. Flooding in Allston Neighborhood • Mapping and Interviews – Interviews with primary stakeholders including the real estate, healthcare, municipal and environmental communities. – Hazards analysis
    [Show full text]
  • Manitoba Hydro Place KPMB Architects
    6th Annual Green Dot Awards Manitoba Hydro Place KPMB Architects KPMB was founded in 1987 by Bruce Kuwabara, Thomas Payne, Marianne McKenna and Shirley Blumberg. The firm has since earned hundreds of awards for architectural excellence including 14 Governor General’s Medals, Canada’s highest honour. In the last decade, KPMB has played a major role in the development of Toronto as an internationally recognized centre with projects for the Bell Lightbox for the Toronto International Film Festival, Canada’s National Ballet School, the Gardiner Museum, the Young Centre for Performing Arts and the Royal Conservatory TELUS Centre. KPMB has also contributed to projects across Canada including the Canadian Museum of Nature in Ottawa, Manitoba Hydro Place (LEED Platinum) in Winnipeg and the forthcoming Remai Art Gallery of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon. KPMB is currently working on projects for Princeton University, Boston University, Northwestern University, the University of Pennsylvania, the Aga Khan Foundation of Canada and is part of the consortium to design and build the 2015 Pan American Games Athletes’ Village 322 King St. 3rd Floor Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5V 1J2 T. 416-977-5104 www.kpmb.com Contact: Colin Geary [[email protected]] Manitoba Hydro Place, 2009 Winnipeg, Manitoba Project Credits Energy/Water Efficient city’s main street. Portage Avenue is typical The objectives for energy efficiency, signature KPMB Architects (Design Architects), Smith The LEED Platinum, climate responsive of Winnipeg’s wide thoroughfares which were architecture, urban revitalization emerged Carter Architects & Engineers (Executive design is the outcome of a formal Integrated planned to emulate the scale of Chicago’s from this goal.
    [Show full text]
  • Pushing the Canada Manitoba Hydro
    Pushing the Envelope A publication of the Ontario Building Envelope Council Canada Fall 2011 Manitoba Hydro Place: Canada Post Publications Agreement Number: 40609661 A Unique Building Envelope n n n TABLE OF CONTENTS Pushing the Envelope Canada UP FRONT A publication of the Ontario Building Envelope Council Message from the Incoming President ................................................................................ 9 Fall 2011 Published For: FEATURES The Ontario Building Envelope Council 2175 Sheppard Avenue, East Alaki Etching of Glass ........................................................................................................ 11 Suite 310 Manitoba Hydro Place: A Unique Building Envelope .................................................... 14 Toronto, ON M2J 1W8 Phone: 416-491-2886 Design for Daylight in Office Buildings ............................................................................ 19 Fax: 416-491-1670 Innovative Glass: Improving Energy Efficiency ............................................................... 22 [email protected] www.obec.on.ca First Canadian Place: Redefining an Icon ........................................................................ 24 The Emerging Power of Vacuum in Vacuum Insulation Panels ..................................... 26 Published By: Matrix Group Publishing Inc. Daylighting: More than Glass ............................................................................................ 28 Return all undeliverable addresses to: 52 Donald Street, Suite 300 Winnipeg, MB R3C
    [Show full text]
  • Accelerating Net-Zero High-Rise Residential Buildings in Australia
    Accelerating Net-Zero High-Rise Residential Buildings in Australia Final Report transport | community | mining | industrial | food & beverage | carbon & energy Prepared for: City of Sydney Client representative: Chris Derksema Nik Midlam Date: 31 August 2016 In association with: Inspired thinking embracing the challenges of a changing world. Acknowledgement pitt&sherry would like to acknowledge the organisations and individuals who made this project possible. Firstly the Carbon Neutral Cities Alliance (CNCA) and philanthropies which funded this work in recognition of the global imperative for net-zero buildings as an essential part of a low-carbon and prosperous future. The City of Sydney for scoping and commissioning this work, with assistance from the City of Melbourne. Also the NSW Office of Environment and Heritage, The Green Building Council of Australia, the Property Council of Australia, the NSW Department of Planning and Environment, members of the City of Sydney Residential Stakeholders Working Group and staff and others who have all provided input to this report. Very considerable contribution was made to this report by Mike Rainbow and Jan Talacko of ark resources, particularly in Chapters 3 and 4. We would like to acknowledge the developers whose actual buildings in Sydney and Melbourne were modelled, Ecove Pty (Australia Towers) and Innovative Construction & Development Pty Ltd (EQ Tower). Finally, we would like to acknowledge the large number of excellent comments received on the draft report from a wide range of stakeholders, which we have done our best to reflect in this final report. Prepared by: Philip Harrington Date: 31 August 2016 Reviewed by: Mark Johnston Date: 31 August 2016 Authorised by: Philip Harrington Date: 31 August 2016 Revision History Rev Description Prepared by Reviewed by Authorised by Date No.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of Design Approaches of Tall Buildings
    buildings Review Sustainability and the 21st Century Vertical City: A Review of Design Approaches of Tall Buildings Kheir Al-Kodmany Department of Urban Planning and Policy, College of Urban Planning and Public Affairs, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; [email protected] Received: 19 June 2018; Accepted: 31 July 2018; Published: 3 August 2018 Abstract: As cities cope with rapid population growth—adding 2.5 billion dwellers by 2050—and grapple with destructive sprawl, politicians, planners, and architects have become increasingly interested in the vertical city paradigm. Given the large-scale problems of skyscrapers, any improvements in their planning, design, and construction would be significant. This paper examines a new crop of skyscrapers that employs green design elements, including aerodynamic forms, greeneries, energy-saving systems, innovative renewable energy techniques, water-saving technologies, rainwater catchment systems, and the like. The examined projects illustrate foremost sustainable design features, strategies, and techniques that help to meet the functional requirements while resulting in attractive forms. They include towers that are completed, under-construction, on-hold, proposed and on the drawing boards. In an attempt to capture a wide-range of innovative ideas and concepts, this paper examines 30 major projects representing major world’s regions that have been active in constructing tall buildings including Southeast Asia and the Far East, the Middle East, Europe, and North America. The discussion section also engages the reader with additional buildings that have employed similar sustainable design. The paper concludes by identifying design approaches that could twin sustainability with iconicity, and highlights some of the shortfalls of intended sustainable design.
    [Show full text]
  • 2011 ASHRAE Annual Conference Technical Program (Montreal, QC
    The entire technical program is approved for PDHs. In addition, sessions indicated with icons have been submitted for approved for: NY PDHs AIA Learning Units 2011 ASHRAE Annual Conference June 25-29, 2011 Montreal GBCI LEED AP Credits Revised June 13, 2011 Changes since last version: ASHRAE Foundation session added Sunday, 3:00 pm – 4:00 pm, free session. Seminar 50, the first two presenters switched their order of presentation. Seminar 7, two new replacement speakers are listed. Sunday, 06/26 8:00 AM-9:30 AM Sunday, June 26, 2011, 8:00 AM-9:30 AM Technical Paper Session 1 (Advanced) Getting the Most Out of Building Energy Assessments Track: Commissioning Room: Hampstead Chair: Sarah E. Maston, P.E., Member, Advanced Building Performance, Hudson, MA The papers in this session present methodologies and techniques for estimating potential energy savings from building-commissioning and by conducting building energy audits or assessments. 1. The Nearest Neighborhood Method to Improve Uncertainty Estimates in Statistical Building Energy Models (ML-11-001) Lei Yafeng, Ph.D., P.E.1, T. Agami Reddy, Ph.D., P.E., Fellow ASHRAE2 and Kris Subbarao, Ph.D., Member3, (1)Nexant, Inc., Houston, TX, (2)Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, (3)Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA Accurate estimation of uncertainty in energy use predictions from statistical models finds applications in a number of diverse areas of interest to building energy professionals. Some examples are in the determination of measured energy savings in monitoring and verification (M&V) projects, in continuous commissioning and in automated 1 fault detection wherein improper building or equipment performance are to be detected.
    [Show full text]
  • CTBUH Journal
    CTBUH Journal Tall buildings: design, construction and operation | 2009 Issue II Nakheel Harbour & Tower - The Vertical City Condenser Typology Seismic Evaluation: Nanjing Greenland Tower 40 years of the CTBUH: Publications World's Tallest 50 Urban Agglomerations SEI/ASCE Structures Congress 2009 Report Fire & Safety Working Group Meeting Report Editor’s Message Editor This notion is backed up by Peter Morris, Zak Kostura, Arup principal of the construction consultancy firm t: +1 212 896 3240 [email protected] Davis Langdon, who noted in a March interview with Architectural Record, “if we buy Associate Editors the wrong TV we're saddled with it for a few Robert Lau, Roosevelt University years. If we buy the wrong sandwich we're [email protected] only saddled with it for the afternoon. But if we Jan Klerks, CTBUH buy the wrong building, we're saddled with it [email protected] for far longer. What's happening now is that Antony Wood, CTBUH [email protected] people are recognizing that building green © Arup creates long-term value, and that is a little Editoral Board Zak Kostura, Editor different than long-term savings.” Ahmad Abdelrazaq, Samsung Corporation Hojjat Adeli, Ohio State University It is a tough time for sustainable design. The Mir Ali, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign In the design of tall buildings, the lifetime of Richard W. Bukowski, Building and Fire Research Laboratory, lingering recession continues to fuel a steady the product transcends localized, short-term National Institute of Standards and Technology regression in the strides over recent years market fluctuations, and implores investors, Mahjoub Elnimeiri, Illinois Institute of Technology toward sustainability in the processes and Gary C.
    [Show full text]
  • Nischen Universität Wien Aufgestellt Und Zugänglich
    Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Diplom-/ Masterarbeit ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Tech- nischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at The approved original version of this diploma or master thesis is available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng Abstract Net-Zero Energy Mixed-Use High Rise Design: Principles and Proposals for Two Environmental Contexts I will design two net-zero energy mixed-use high rises, in two contrasting climates, that supply 100 % of their energy needs through the power of sun, wind, water, and earth. My research and designs will help address growing and valid concerns about rising energy prices, energy dependence, and the impact of climate change. Buildings are the primary energy consumers in the United States and most developed countries. Furthermore, the demand for mixed-use high rises continues to grow as the world population increases and urbanizes. The creation of net-zero energy mixed-use high rises by the building sector is therefore key to decreasing the developed world’s energy consumption. To date, there are no net-zero energy mixed-use high rises. In order to achieve my design and research goals, I will first conduct an extensive literature search drawing upon scholarly resources from the Technical University of Vienna in Austria and the University of Maryland in the United States, as well as suitable internet resources. Identified resources will be categorized and used to define net-zero energy building specifications and relevant terminology. Second, I will conduct case studies, analyzing the development of exceptional sustainable high rises over time.
    [Show full text]
  • Aiming for Net Zero
    Rochelle Owen, Executive Director - Office of Sustainability March 15, 2017 Aiming for Net Zero Definitions are Different & Important • Net-Zero; Net-Zero Energy, Net-Zero Source Emissions, Net-Zero Site Emissions • Zero Energy • Carbon Neutral • Zero Carbon Reduction- Carbon Conservation Neutral-Zero Regenerative Restorative Efficiency Impact 3 Definitions are Different & Important • Net-Zero [Net Zero Energy; Zero-Energy] – CMHC: reduce household energy needs to a minimum and includes on-site1 renewable energy systems, so that the house may produce as much energy as it consumes on a yearly basis (can be grid tied – think net metering) – “Depending on the NZE metric and guidelines used, buildings may be permitted to use energy generated off-site to offset energy used in a building.” National Institute of Bld Science Zero Carbon Building Framework: CACBC (AC- CAGBC) • A greenhouse gas intensity metric for assessing a building’s emissions, calculated using regional emissions factors. • Energy intensity metrics to incentivize the design of highly efficient, reliable and resilient buildings. • A peak energy demand metric to encourage the use of “peak shaving” measures. • An embodied carbon metric to recognize the importance of building material lifecycle impacts. • A requirement that renewable energy be generated on-site or procured directly in order to ensure the addition of clean power generation. Ockham's razor • one should proceed to simpler theories until simplicity can be traded for greater explanatory power [simplicity] Design is
    [Show full text]
  • Republic of Turkey Uludağ University Institute of Natural Sciences the Ecological Approaches in Skyscrapers for Generating
    REPUBLIC OF TURKEY ULUDAĞ UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF NATURAL SCIENCES THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN SKYSCRAPERS FOR GENERATING AND REDUCING THE ENERGY LOSS BY USING RENEWABLE RESOURCES Mohammed Sharif Omar BA ALAWI Assoc. Prof. Tülin VURAL ARSLAN (Supervisor) MASTER DEGREE THESIS DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE BURSA - 2018 ABSTRACT MSc Thesis THE ECOLOGICAL APPROACHES IN SKYSCRAPERS FOR GENERATING AND REDUCING THE ENERGY LOSS BY USING RENEWABLE RESOURCES Mohammed Sharif Omar BA ALAWI Uludağ University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Architecture Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Tülin VURAL ARSLAN Skyscrapers became the defining features of the cityscape with the advent of the 20th century. They become an inevitable and important product not only on the building scale but also on the country scale because they meet the needs of living for the present and the future. Besides the positive aspects of skyscrapers, they can be a product that may create problems in ecological and environmental terms, not only for our present but also for our future; the huge consumption of energy is the major problem of these types of tall buildings. For that reason in the design of skyscrapers, ecological designs and elements must also be developed in terms of generating and reducing the energy loss. Skyscrapers that can be adapting to the natural environment and emphasizing the ecological design criteria are the most appropriate solutions for our future and our environment. This thesis provides an overview on the notion of eco-design by highlighting some links between skyscrapers and ecological design. This research investigates also some worldwide used green building rating systems which can be utilized for evaluating the sustainability of skyscrapers.
    [Show full text]