John Benjamins Publishing Company This is a contribution from Language Contact and Change in the Americas. Studies in honor of Marianne Mithun. Edited by Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker, Diane M. Hintz and Carmen Jany. © 2016. John Benjamins Publishing Company This electronic file may not be altered in any way. The author(s) of this article is/are permitted to use this PDF file to generate printed copies to be used by way of offprints, for their personal use only. Permission is granted by the publishers to post this file on a closed server which is accessible to members (students and staff) only of the author’s/s’ institute, it is not permitted to post this PDF on the open internet. For any other use of this material prior written permission should be obtained from the publishers or through the Copyright Clearance Center (for USA: www.copyright.com). Please contact
[email protected] or consult our website: www.benjamins.com Tables of Contents, abstracts and guidelines are available at www.benjamins.com Contact and semantic shift in extreme language endangerment Ahtna riverine directionals in a cardinal world* Andrea L. Berez-Kroeker University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa This paper examines the effects of contact with English on the directional system of Ahtna, an endangered Athabascan language of Alaska. The Ahtna directionals reference direction and location in the geographic landscape, but contact with the dominant English system is causing changes in lexicon and possibly the replacement of the entire semantic basis of directional reckoning in Ahtna. I present conversational evidence showing that the conflation of the Ahtna concept of upriver with the English concept of north is leading to the breakdown of the entire Ahtna cognitive directional basis.