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Alaska Gold Rush Trails Study Koyokok-Chandolar

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Alaska Gold Rush Trails Study Koyokok-Chandolar ALASKA GOLD RUSH TRAILS STUDY. KOYUKUK-CHANDALAR ROUTES PRELIMINARY DRAFT by Thomas, William R. ALASKA GOLD RUSH TRAILS Washington-Alaska Military Cable & FWLB Telegraph System, Koyukuk-Chandalar 1298 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BUREAU OF OUTDOOR RECREATION NORTHWEST REGION IN REPLY REFER TO: Alaska Field Office 524 W. 6th Ave., Suite 201 Anchorage, Alaska 99501 April 21, 1975 ALASKA GOLD RUSH TRAILS STUDY KOYUKUK-CHANDALAR ROUTES PRELIMINARY DRAFT ,. Enclosed are maps depicting the Koyukuk-Chandalar routes which were inadvertently deleted from the preliminary report which was recently sent to you for review. Please attach these maps to the back of the preliminary report. We would appreciate any comments you may have on the report by Me.y 19, 1975. Thank you. Sincerely, Servrce WILLIAM R. THOMAS Chief, Alaska Field Office fj n:n 0 ?!.\13 J J;;] 3:lllO"lW, ~J HSd·s·n llllll~iillll~~~~~llilllillilj]li3 4982 00028166 6 ALASKA GOLD RUSH TRAILS STUDY Tonono Cnatonika Fairbanks KOYOKOK-CHANDOLAR 1Ft Gibbon) • ROUTEs hlitaraa • Fort •Selkirk MAP I KOYUKUK-CHANDALAR ROUTES LEGEND M«Jor. RD11tt Brenth: or Alternate Routt • '"-' lhelte• Cabin • YfHaoet or Settl-at 0 Abln~ Town or Slttleeent Q Partb11:t Ab&'Mionld Settl~ 1. T1nana {ft. Gibbon) KOYUKUK-CHANDALAR ROUTES LEGEND Major Route Broncb or A1 terna te ru,u tt known Shelter C.Mn • Y111~ or Sett11!11'1tnt •0 Abandoned Tam or Settlement (.) Parttall_y Abandol\ed Settle!llll!nt Site ..!!!,. l!!!'!. 2, A~tic City ,, Berl)Ban Aiatno •S, Allakaket 6, Peavey I, a. =:iii:: f~!!l 9. Evansvilie MAP 3 KOYUKUK-CHANDALAR ROUTES LEGEND Major Route 61'"Mch or Alternate Route 8 "- Shelter Cabin • Y11lage or Settl..nt 0 Abaltdoned TDWn or- Set t1 eaent Q: Part1t1lY Aba-nikmed Settle~~~nt 10. Tra.way Bar 11. Coldfoot (construction camp) 12, Shte Creek 13. Wiseman {Nolan) 14. Nolan Crt!ek 15. Kllm'I'IOnd River MAP4 KOYUKUK-CHANDALAR ROUTES LEGI:ND • bl:>tom Shelter Cobin • YHlase cr Settlement 0 Abandoned Town or Settlement Q Ptrtblly Ahandoiled Sttt1eme:nt 16. Prindpal Cl>andalar Mining Area 17. Coro MAP 5 KOYUKUK-CHANDALAR ROUTES LEGEND Mlijol" RIXIW 81"tlftdt or Al ternUe Rout. • 1tnown SM1~er Cabin • Villa~ or'Settle~~ent 0 Abandoned Town or Settle~Ent Q Pa:rt1al1y Abandoned Se:t.tlment MAP 6 KOYUKUK-CHANDALAR ROUTES LEGEND Maj ... - 8Nnch or Alternate- Route known Shelter Cabtn • vnh~ or Settl..,nt •0 Abandoned Town or S.tt1llllllfnt Q Partially Abandoned Sett1 ..nt Silo A !!1!!. zo. Beaver Creek 21. ~ai g Btmd" I\ rea 22. Seaver Creek. 5Llll'lllel"' Ret::reation Tra!l 23. Be!vtt' Creek Winter lt4crE:at1on Tr~dl 24. Olne$ 25. ChatanH:a 26. Ft, Hamlin ; ' ~.., E UNITED STATES ,r ; n c: "'·'DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR <:;.;;;:--•.,/ i Plfr3~EAU OF OUTDOOR RECREATION PACIFIC NORTHWEST REGION INREPLYREFER-4-b,t•S:~,. ; .• (.,:-, oJrnC:E ANtHCh{AGLALASKA 1000 SECOND AVENUE 524 W. 6th, Suite 201 SEATTLE. WASHINGTON 98104 Anchorage, AK 99501 April 15, 1975 ALASKA GOLD RUSH TRAILS STUDY KOYUKUK-CHAi'IDALAR ROUTES PRELIMINARY DRAFT The National Trails System Act of 1968, Public Law 90-543, authorized the establishment of a nationwide system of recreation and scenic trails to help provide for ever increasing outdoor recreation needs. The Appa­ lachian and Pacific Crest Trails were designated in the Act as the initial components of the system. Fourteen additional trails are to be studied for possible inclusion in the system by the Congress. The "Gold Rush ':trails" in Alaska were among the trails listed for such study. Responsibility for studying the Gold Rush Trails has been assigned to the Alaska Field Office of the Bureau of Outdoor Recreation. After meeting "lith state and federal agencies and contacts with interested organizations ani private citizens, seven gold rush trails in Alaska were selected in January 1974 for initial study: Seward-Nome rcute (Iditarod Trail), the Valdez-Fairbanks Trail, the Chilkoot Trail, the White Pass Trail, the Dalton Trail, the Valdez-Eagle Trail and the Telegraph Route (Washington-Alaska Military Cable and Telegraph System), and the Wiseman TraH (Koyukuk-Chandalar routes), Over the past year, studies have been underway on these trails and routes to determine their suitability for inclusion in the National Scenic Trails System and their potential for further in-depth study. Prior to compilation of a complete report on the trails, we are extremely interested in obtaining input and comments from those per­ sons having specific knowledge or interest in one or more of the particular trails or routes. Enclosed for your review is a draft of the preliminary report on the Koyukuk-Chandalar routes (earlier described as Wiseman Trail). We would appreciate any comments or suggestions you may have by May 19. 19U- If you know of other groups or persons in addition to-those on the attached mailing list who may have pertinent information or comments, please feel free to contact them or let us know. Thank you for your help. ·?;{;tte.~ f< T:~~·~-~ WILLIAM R. THOMAS, Chief, Alaska Field Office MAIL I·N G LIST GOLD RUSH TRAILS STUDY/KOYUKUK-CRANDALAR ROUTES State Director, National Park Service U.S. Geological Survey, Diviaion of 334 W. 5th, Suite 350 Water Resources Anchorage 99501 508 W. 2nd Ave. Anchorage 99501 State Director, BLM 555 Cordova Richard LeDosquet, District Manager Anchorage 99501 BLM P.O. Box 1150 Fairbanks 99707 Director, Alaska Division of Parks 323 E. 4th Ave. Alaska Historical Society Anchorage 99501 Box 80687 College, AK 99701 Scott Grundy, Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game 1300 College Road Cook Inlet Historical Society Fairbanks 99701 121 W. Seventh Ave. Anchorage, 99501 Pete Cizmich, Alaska Dept. of Fish and Game 333 Raspberry Road Tanana-Yukon Historical Society Anchorage 99502 Box 3102 Fairbanks. 99701 Bon. Walt Parker, Commissioner Alaska Dept. of Highways Alaska Conservation Society P.O. Box 589 BoxD Douglas, AK 99824 College 99701 Alaska Dept. of Environmental Conservation Fairbanks North Star Borough, Pouch 0 Planning Dept. Juneau 99801 P.O. Box 1267 Fairbanks 99701 Executive Secretary, Alaska Bicentennial Commission Anchorage Center for the Environment 338 Denali 913 W. 6t<h Ave. Anchorage 99501 Anchorage 99501 Alaska Historical Commission Fairbanks Center for the Environment 3211 Providence Drive Box 1796 Anchorage 99504 Fairbanks 99701 Area Director, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service President, Board of Directors, Doyan 813 D Street Limited Anchora,:te 99501 527 3t:d Ave. Fairbanks 99701 Regional Forester U.S. Forest Service Claus Naske, Dept. of History P.O. Box 1628 University of Alaska Juneau 99801 314 Chapman College 99701 Robert Weeden, Director Development·and Planning, Office of the Governor Robert DeArmond, Editor Pouch AD Alaska Journal Juneau 99811 4.i'2'C'alhoun Juneau 99801 Federal-State Co-chairmen, Federal-State Land Use Planning Commission F. S. Pettyjohn, Editor, Alaskana 733 W. 4th Ave. 1304 W. 35th Place Anchorage, AK 99501 Anchorage 99503 Don Blask, Bureau of Mines Walter Blue, Historian US Army Office of Box 2259 Information Anchorage 99510 Fort Richardson 99505 Dick Engen, Director State Historical Library Juneau 99801 Director, Loussac Library 427 F Street Anchorage 99501 .. Michael O'Meara 800 S. Lane til Anchorage 99504 Sam White 902 Kellum Fairbanks 99701 Director, Fairbanks North Star Borough Library 901 1st Fairbanks 99701 .. President, Village Council Tanana, AK 99777 President, Village Council Allakaket, AK 99720 President, Village Council Evansville (Bettles) AK 99726 President, Village Council Alatna, AK President, Village Council Beaver, AK 99724 Wiseman Village Council Wiseman, AK Dave Ketscher Bettles, AK 99726 Bill Snyder, Dept. of Anthropology Brynmawr College Brynmawr, PA 19010 Jim Hunter Box 462 Fairbanks 99707 President, Village Council Fort Yukon, AK 99740 KOYUKUK - CHANDALAR ROUTES* BUREAU OF OUTDOOR RECREATION ALASKA FIELD OFFICE *Earlier described for preliminary study as the Fairbanks-Wiseman Trail A. BACKGROUND Lieutenant Allen of the U.S. · ray conducted the first official exploration in the upper Koyukuk R c,·er drainage. In 1885, he crossed overland from the Yukon River along the divide between the Tozitna and Melozitna Rivers, down the Kanuti River and then up the Koyukuk River as far north as the John River confluence. That same year Lt. Cantwell of the U.S. Revenue Narine Service traveled up the Koyukuk by steamer, then took skin boats up the Alatna River and portaged over into the Kobuk River drainage. John Bremner, who had accompanied Allen on his expedition through Alaska, and a partner Peter (or Peder) Johnson were the first known prospectors in the upper Koyukuk in 1887. Although not documented, some people believe they found gold at Tramway Bar on the Middle Fork during that year. However, it was not until 1893 that the first paying gold was reported to be taken at Tramway Bar. Between 1887 and 1897 only 18-20 different prospectors were reported in the upper Koyukuk region. During that tim~small amounts of gold were taken out of the Tramway Bar area and in the South Fork drainage. The Klondike Gold Rush in 1898 brought thousands of gold seekers not only to the Yukon Territory but to many areas throughout Alaska. In the summer of 1898 over 1,000 persons are reported to have taken steamers up the Koyukuk in search of gold in the upper drainage. Host were soon dis­ couraged by the absence of bonanzas and by the remote, inhospitable country. According to Robert }~rshall (Arctic Village), only 200 persons over­ wintered in the upper Koyukuk that year (Schrader reports 500-600) in the instant towns of Arctic City and Bergman (near the Arctic Circle below the Alatna confluence), Peavey (near the South Fork confluence) and in some of the camps along the South Fork. The following spring of 1899 saw even more of the "Ninety-eightersu leave the Koyukuk district.
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