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1. Nanjing Niushoushan Cultural Park Usnisa Palace reflects in the pool entrance It may not be ancient, but Nuishoushan Cultural Centre is very impressive and one of our favorite places to visit in Nanjing. A trolley takes you to the top of the mountain where you can view the immaculate Buddhist Palace that is built into the side of the mountain. Opened in 2015 it is a complex that proves new and modern can be spectacular. Take some time to explore the grounds to see the Usnisa Pagoda and Temple. And visit the Usnisa Palace is a must.The futuristic design is a stark contrast to the traditional pagodas, but it works. The golden dome glistens in the reflection pool and upon entrance, you are treated in a serene reclining Buddha. We thought that was all there was to see and were impressed enough with the setting and views.But soon we realized that the true treat was inside the palace when we took the escalator 60 stories underground to see the Thousand Buddhas Hall. With a height of 28 meters, the golden hall is truly impressive. The Great Stupa of Usnisa is definitely the star attraction sitting in the middle of the dome surrounded by 5 golden Buddhas. There is an excellent vegetarian restaurant on site and we highly recommend taking a full day to explore the Nuishoushan Cultural Centre to explore all the sites on the mountains. There is a bamboo forest somewhere on the mountain but didn't manage to find it save for a small view by the washrooms half way up. If you do, let us know! Location: Jiangning District Hours Hours: April—November (8:30AM-4:30PM) December—March (9:00AM-4:30PM) Admission: 98 CNY (US $14.50) Website: Niushoushan.net 2. Confucious Temple We visited Confucious Temple at night and it is beautiful. China at night is extraordinary and transforms into a showcase of lights and beauty. The Confucious Temple is located on the Qinhuai River and is surrounded by a pedestrian area filled with temples, gardens, shops, and restaurants. Dating back to 1034 during the Song Dynasty, the temple was reconstructed in 1984. The most popular attraction in the area is a boat cruise along the Qinhuai River to take in the views. At night every temple is lit up and performers act out moments from history. It is very picturesque, but make sure your guide is on the boat with you to explain what is being said over the loudspeakers. Location: Gongyuan Street Hours: • Dacheng Hall, 8AM–9:30PM daily; • Imperial Examination Hall, 8:30AM–10PM daily Admission: Confucius Temple grounds CNY 40 (US $6) Cost of 50-minute Qinhuai River boat ride, CNY 60 (US $8.90) daytime / CNY 80 (US $12) evening Website: NJFM.net 3. The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders It is embarrassing to admit how little we know about Chinese history. Before visiting Nanjing, I had no idea it was the former capital of China, and I had no idea that it suffered greatly during World War II. But that is why we love to travel so much. It is the best education and helps one dig deeper into other cultures and history. It helps us all understand the world better. The Memorial Hall of the Victims in Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders is a stirring display of the massacre of 300,000 people by Japanese invaders. Dave and I are not normally ones to visit museums, but this museum is a beautiful tribute to those who lost their lives during a 6-week occupation in 1937. The interactive display takes you through several sections starting with the memorial hall showing the victims of the massacre. As you walk through the display, first-hand accounts, relics, and scenes from the period are on display. It takes you through history all the way up to the war crimes tribunal. The solemn exhibit shows bones of people unearthed in excavations proving that the massacre took place. There is also an extensive outdoor exhibit of sculptures and art. Location: 418 Shuiximen Street, Jianye Hours: 8:30 to 16:30 Tuesday to Sunday. (closed on Mondays) Cost: The Nanjing Memorial Hall is free to visit. Website: Nanjing 1937 3. Purple Mountain Considered one of the four famous mountains in Southern China, Purple Mountain is not to be missed! And if the crowds of Chinese tourists are any measurement of how popular it is, I'd say they agree! Covering a massive area of 31 square km (12 square miles) Purple Mountain requires a day to see. There are two major attractions at Purple Mountain, and we suggest exploring one in the morning and the other in the afternoon. Don't worry, there are plenty of places to grab lunch at the mall in between the mausoleums including a very busy KFC. 4. Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum We started our morning at Purple Mountain exploring the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum. It is one of the biggest imperial tombs in all of China. Taking 50 years to complete, the Xiaoling Mausoleum dates back to 1381 and houses the remains of the Ming Dynasty’s founding emperor, Zhu Yuanzhang, and his wife Ma, Queen of Xiao Ci of the Ming Dynasty. The mausoleum is impressive enough, but it is the walk within the grounds that had our attention. The Sacred Way is a highlight dating back 600 years! The UNESCO World Heritage Site is a walkway lined with large stone animal sculptures guarding the tombs. There are 12 pairs of imposing creatures like elephants, lions, and camels standing proud along with four pairs of stone warriors guarding the tree- lined route to the emperors tomb. With gardens, bridges, and ponds filled with water lilies, it is a peaceful place to spend a quiet morning contemplating the history that was lived within these grounds. Location: Wengzhong Road, Xuanwu District Hours: 6:30AM–5PM daily Admission: CNY 70 (US $10.60) 6. Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum It was a very different experience when visiting Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Mausoleum a short distance away. The massive crowds formed on the stairs and we joined the throngs of people walking their way to the top to pay respects to the Father of the Republic of China. Our guide told me that Dr. Sun Yat-sen can be compared to George Washington of the United States. Even his monument reminded me of something I would see in Washington DC. He was a very important person. It was in 1911 that he lead the way to bring down the corrupt rule of the Qing Dynasty that was in power for nearly 300 years. He helped put an end to the monarchy system that had been ruling China for 2,000 years. Location: Xuanwu Hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 8:30AM–5PM. Closed Monday Admission: Free 7. Nanjing City Wall If you are a wall lover like us, a trip to the Nanjing City Wall is a must. It is the longest city wall in the world! The original wall was nearly 22 miles long today 15.5 miles are still intact, and six sections are open to the public. Having been to the Great Wall of China and to the Wall of Xi'an, this checked off a bucket list item to round out another important wall of China. Founder of the Ming Dynasty, Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang, ordered the building of the wall to protect Nanjing from invaders. The wall was made by the best brickmakers in the land and each brick has the inscription of origin bearing responsibility for the quality of bricks. If they weren't up to par, they most likely lost their lives. Watch our full video of the Best of Nanjing Visit the Nanjing City Wall Location: Lanqi Street, Qinhuai Hours: • Summer, 8AM – 6PM • Spring, Autumn and Winter, 8:30AM-5PM Admissions: *Shence Gate to Taiping Gate, including the City Wall Museum, CNY 30 (US $4.50) *Taiping Gate to Guanghua East Street, CNY 20 (US $3) *East Water Pass to West Water Pass, including the barbican of Zhonghua Gate, CNY 50 (US $7.60) *Qingliang Gate – Guofang Garden, Free *Dinghuai Gate – Yijiang Gate, Free *Zhongfu Road – Central Gate, Free 8. Calligraphy Class Calligraphy is a huge part of Chinese heritage and when in China, we highly recommend taking a calligraphy class. If we had a big enough place at home, I would gladly have an art studio in my place to practice. Calligraphy is relaxing and I can see how it was used for meditation and contemplation. It is much harder than it looks to master the Chinese characters and turn them into works of art. Calligraphy is so popular in China, those great artists can sell their works for tens of thousands of dollars. We took our class at a school on the Nanjing Wall, but there are many places to book a calligraphy class. 9. Porcelain Tower The Porcelain tower was considered one of the seven medieval wonders of the world, but like many historic buildings in Nanjing, it was destroyed. In 2015 the new tower was rebuilt and today visitors can visit the museum and witness excavations that took place in 2008. It is believed that the remains of Buddha were found on these grounds. A visit to the top of the tower is a must for an overhead view of Nanjing. There is an elevator that will take you to the top. The tower sits upon an impressive room of glistening light bulbs representing the concept of Buddhism.