1960- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 7999 PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS PETITIONS, ETC. pension to World War I Veterans; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions 417. Also, petition of 63 members of United bills and resolutions were introduced and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk Papermakers and Paperworkers Local No. and severally referred as follows: and referred as follows: 530 who, are residents of the 32d Congres­ By Mr. ABBITr: 415. By Mr. STRATTON: Resolution No. sional District of New York, urging passage H.R.l1756. A bill for the relief of Cato 57 of the Board of Supervisors of Fulton of the Forand bill as a minimum first step Bros., Inc.; to the Committee on the Judi._ County in the 32d Congressional District of toward providing decent medical care (hos­ ciary. . New York, opposing the proposal of the New pitalization, surgical services and nursing By Mr. BROWN of Ohio: York Central Railroad to isolate Fulton home care) for those persons eligible (re­ H.R.11757. A bill for the relief of Mary A. County by discontinuing passenger service tired or not) for social security benefits; to Combs; to the Committee on the Judiciary. at Fonda, N.Y., and urging that every proper the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. ~IEDEL: method be pursued, in company with other 418. By Mr. WESTLAND: Petition of Bert H.R. 11758. A b1ll for the relief of Edward affiicted communities, to resist; to the Com­ Sorensen, president of the Whatcom County P. Wall; to the Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Cattlemen's Association, Bellingham, Wash., By Mr. LIPSCOMB (by request): 416. Also,. petition of 41 members of Glen­ requesting the 86th Congress to revise the H.R. 11759. A bill for the relief of Faustino ville Barracks 1674, Veterans of World War importation laws pertaining to livestock, Caballero-Corral; to the Committee on the [ of the USA, Scotia, N.Y., in support of livestock products and commodities; to the Judiciary. H.R. 9336, proViding for the payment of a Committee on Ways and Means.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

Text of Pony Express Centennial Address will, where civilized people are few and far of the West, but he helped open the door between, and where the. yoke of law hangs for many millions to follow. by Representative William R. Hull . lightly on every shoulder. Today, of course, is 1960 and the world On the western. rim of the MiSsissippi Val­ has turned over many times since the pony EXTENSION OF REMARKS ley, the land begins to rise across semiarid express rider dashed away from these sta­ stretches to the foothills of the Rockies. bles, which are now a great historical shrine. OF Beyond these towering mountains lay more Times have changed a very great deal. The than a thousand miles of plateau and basin, transmission of a message from St. Joseph HON. W. R. HULL, JR. split by mountains, slashed by valleys, and to Sacramento, for example, can be accom­ OF MISSOUBI blistered by deserts. plished almost instantaneously, instead of in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Across the plains and mountains and des­ 10 days. erts, trails have been worn deep by the tread But this city of St. Joseph, which we love, Wednesday, April13,1960 of oxen and the grind of wheels, and near the still is an important crossroad of our Na­ Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, it was a trails are many graves. tion. It remains a vital link between the privilege for me to make the principal This vast, rich dominion is yet to be con­ old East and the still young and ever grow­ speech April 3 at the centennial cele­ quered and exploited. In 1860, the territory i;ngWest. is American, but just barely. Likewise, we in St. Joseph still face chal­ bration of the pony express in St. Joseph, This is the challenge to the men of the lenges, as did the intrepid men of· the pony Mo. pony express: To link East With West, to express whom we honor here today. Under leave to extend my remarks, I provide a fast communication link between And I believe we can take a page from include my speech on that oCcasion: the old territory east of Missouri With the the book of these men who, whether by per­ TEXT OF PONY ExPRESS CENTENNIAL . ADDRESS new area west. sonal design or accident, wrote a courageous BY REPREsENTATIVE Wn.LIAM R. HULL The difficulties to be surmounted are for­ chapter in the history of our country. Governor Blair, Governor Docking, Mayor mldable. We must overcome savages and Today, our Nation still is threatened by Meers, distinguished guests, ladies and gen­ weather and terrain, and brave hundreds of savages, of a different sort. tlemen, thank you very much. It is an unknown dangers which lurk along the trail We stlll must contend with perverse honor to be with you on this memorable from St. Joseph to Sacramento. weather and the occasional obstinacies of occasion. The reward is $25 a week and immortal terrain. This great celebration has been made a glory. In a word, we are plagued by the same reality through the efforts of a great many In the San Francisco newspapers, an ad­ type of conditions and circumstances which public-spirited citizens and I want to take vertisement has appeared. It reads: beset the heroes of the pony express, al­ this moment to congratulate each and every "Wanted, young skinny, Wiry fellows not over though perhaps they appear in a different person who has contributed, in time and 18. Must be expert riders Willing to risk guise. effort, to the success of this occasion. death daily. Orphans preferred. Wages $25 Our national goal is not too much dif­ per week." ferent than it was in the boisterous 1860's, = To try to list the names of all these citi­ zens would be quite impossible but I do That is a quaint way to recruit employees the achievement of a strong and stable believe it is fitting for us to pay tribute to by present-day standards but remember, this America and the perpetuation of our own the memory of one man who did much to is 1860, and today in St. Joseph there are form of democracy. make this day one to remember. any number of fellows who, With the vision To solve our national problems and I refer o.f course to our friend, the late of $25 per week, will gladly change places achieve our national aspirations, we can Karl Goetz, and I know that all of us wish With Johnny Fry or Billy Richardson. certainly borrow the quality which distin­ he could be here with us to enjoy this great Although the businessmen who are in guished above all others the riders of the day. charge of the operation, Messrs. Russell, Ma­ pony express, courage.. jors, and Waddell, do not know, their pony We must acknowledge that the greatness Ladles and gentlemen, near this spot 100 express venture is destined to become a fi­ of our country has not been easily achieved, years ago, a stirring scene in the drama which nancial failure. and cannot be easily protected. We must is the development of America was enacted. In less than 2 years, it will be a business realize that no goals worthy of the name A young man-it matters not whether of the past. can be attained without sacrifice, and to Johnny Fry or B1lly Richardson or Alex Car­ But in that short span of time, it will sacrifice requires courage. · lyle-mounted his ·horse and galloped off make contributions to the development of We must unswervingly protect and aug­ through the gathering darkness on the first America which will be forever inscribed on ment what we know to be our just credo, leg of a perilous journey which today sym­ the pages of our history books. Its signifi­ that every person born by the grace of God bolizes the Winning of the West. cance is unquestioned. The pony express has the right to live in freedom and pursue It is not difficult for us to recapture the has blazed a new trail from east to west, happiness, regardless of origin of birth, race, excitement and significance of that day. As the trail of communication. color or creed. we retell and reenact the events of 100 years By swiftly conveying news of great na­ In this troubled world, we must strive ago, we share in its color and drama. tional importance from Washington and the to bring about a moral rejuvenation .which Through the eyes of Johnny Fry or B1lly East to the Pacific coast, the pony express alone can achieve the lasting peace which Richardson we can look west, across our cements the loyalty of the western territo!ry nuclear bombs and diplomatic convolutions familiar river, at the huge untamed territory to the Federal Union in the perilous days cannot possibly achieve. lying beyond the outpost States of the Mis- of 1860 and 1861. Yes, even though our world today. is in aissippi Valley. · It opens the West to orderly progress and many respects a world apart from that of In all this vast expanse between our Mis­ seals its loyalty to the Nation. the men of the pony express whose work souri River and California is a pioneer land, Thousands of people preceded the lonely immortalized this spot at which we are where the Indian and the buffalo roam at' pony express rider acros.S the great reachee gathered, we can borrow very liberally upon 8000 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ·- HOUSE April--1'3 their qualities to build . an even better man's land" oases because there re­ mands James Hoffa may make upon America. mained no court to which the issues and them when he organizes them into ·his St. Joseph, Mo., the proud birthplace of. a disputes could be taken. However, basi­ union. I mention this because the bill is great episode in ·American history, the cally the Wagner Act stood as a monu­ was passed ~or the purpose of-controlling best place in the world to dedicate ourselves to the job of carrying forward·, with similar mental bulwark for the protection of James Hoffa and, as a matter of fact, courage and enterprise, the AmerJ....can goals American working men and women as it has giv_en to him a 1a:rge fiel<;l ~here he so nobly served by the pony express. well as for the protection of .employers can work without the fear of any Fed­ My friends, the men of the pony express in the event of unlawful or unfair claims eral control' or intervention and beyond pursued a dream, and captured it. by the working man and woman. the veil of the National Labor Relations Let us have the courage to do the same. The enemies of labor scored in 1959 Board. · during the 86tJ;l Congress. They were able to blow up a national prejudice against certain labor leaders because of Captive Europe and the Summit The Landrum-Griffin Bill unfair or unscrupulous conduct in their individual cases and that developed a EXTENSION OF REM~RKS EXTENSION OF REMARKS national hysteria and hatred against la­ OF OF bor and the labor movement through­ out the United States. This hysteria HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN HON. GERALD T. FLYNN descended on Congress through a cam­ OF CONNECTICUT OF WISCONSIN paign carried on by the national cham­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ber of commerce and the National Man­ ufacturers Association in 1959 when Wednesday, April13, 1960 Wednesday, April13, 1960 Congress was considering a perfectly fair Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, under Mr. FLYNN. Mr. Speaker, labor in and reasonable bill which was designed leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ the United States had during the 18th to regulate labor just as the banks are ORD, I wish to draw the attention of the century and the first half of the 19th regulated; to regulate it with the Members of Congress to a statement by century a very stormy existence. It was thought in- mind of improving it and Senator THOMAS J. Donn which appears a federally unregulated commodity when with no thought of injuring the labor as the lead article in the current issue management-labor disputes arose. The movement. Honest labor and labor lead­ of Free World Review. only recourse that either side had to a ers were cooperating with the Congress In this article, Senator DoDD makes responsible legal tribunal was in the in an attempt to pass a fair regulatory the argument that we would be on sure event the criminal law was violated or piece of legislation. ground-legally, morally, and political­ in the event a situation existed which Hysteria among the people fomented ly-if we raise the issue of the captive permitted the seeking of an injunction. by every known media of communication nations at the forthcoming summit meet­ The days from Samuel Gompers to caused Congress to pass the now infa­ ings; and he argues further that this is William Green were hectic days for mous Landrum-Griffin bill which did the the only way in which the West can go labor; days when working men and following things: over from its present defensive position women found that they had no rights First. Authorized the National Labor to a diplomatic offensive. that could be protected in a court of Relations Board on a permanent basis to Because of its significance, I incll.Jde justice and that the democracy for continue limited operation of the Na­ the text of Senator Donn's article, en-t which this country was known through­ tional Labor Relations Board and to con­ t~tled "Captive Europe and the Summit," out the world including the right to a tinue to refuse to act upon those classes in the RECORD. I believe that Senator fair trial did not exist when a labor of cases which fell within the "no-man's DoDD has formulated his proposal in a dispute was involved. Criminal prose­ land" cases. This meant that the Na­ manner which makes it appear both cution for violence was frequently prose­ tional Labor Relations Board could per­ logical and politically realistic. cuted by management against indi­ manently give up jurisdiction over man­ The article follows: viduals whose emotions caused them to agement or labor grievances as was pro­ violate the criminal law during their vided for in the Wagner Act. This was a CAPTIVE EuRoPE AND THE SUMMrr picketing operations. Management used repeal of the Wagner Act insofar as it (By THOMAS J. DODD, U.S. Senator) the injunction to the fullest extent pos­ affected those cases. If the Western Powers continue further Second. The cases involved in the "no­ along the path they followed so far at Gen­ sible, but there was no legal tribunal eva, the forthcoming summit conference prior to the passage of the Wagner Act man's land" dispute affected 90 percent may very well result in a new "Munich." during the Roosevelt administration in of the employers of the United States and On the other hand, if the Western Powers 1934 that could determine whether a approximately 30 percent of the working go to the summit with a clear awareness of bargaining unit existed among the em­ men and women of the United States. what is at stake, the summit may yet be ployees and what union, if any, repre­ Third. The above constituted an used as an opportunity to seize the initia­ sented the employees. There was no emasculation of the Wagner Act and was tive from the Kremlin and reverse the sorry law that required management to sit an absolute repeal of the Wagner Act in­ trend of recent years. Gown with labor's representatives and sofar as it applied to 90 percent of the As the distinguished editors of Protracted employers and 30 percent of the em­ Contiict have pointed out, the cold war has bargain collectively on the issues in­ thus far been conducted according to a one­ volved in the labor dispute. Working ployees of this Nation. sided set of rules. It has always been fought men and women were thus powerless to Fourth. The Landrum-Griffin bill re­ on the territory of the free world, while the demand better wages, hours or working quires the payment of excessive bonding territory controlled by the Communist world conditions. The Wagner Act became fees to a chosen few insurance' com­ has been considered sacrosanct. We have the Magna Carta of the American work­ panies. This excessive expense will be a fought back against Communist offensives­ ing man and woman. For 25 years, burden to many trade unions in this sometimes successfully, sometimes unsuc­ couniry. cessfully-but we have never · ourselves American labor grew and prospered launched a political offensive or counter­ under the protective arm of the Wagner Fifth. The Landrum-Griffin bill per­ mits both unions and employers to be offensive. Act. Congress attempted to repeal it, I fear that if we continue to adhere to this to amend it out of existence, or in other sued for union or nonunion activity. self-imposed set of rules through very many ways to scuttle it. Nineteen States One employer in my district at White­ more years of cold war, the free world will passed right-to-work laws which virtu- water, Wis., is now being sued for $1¥2 be lost. million because of antiunion activity. At the forthcoming summit meeting the ally repealed the Wagner Act insofar as Many unions throughout the country are Communists will endeavor to confine the dis­ those 19 States were concerned. Con­ similarly being sued. cussion to Berlin, as they did so successfully gress refused to appropriate adequate Sixth. Because of the removal of the at Geneva. If we permit them thus to limit funds to permit the act to be admin­ jurisdiction of the National Labor Re­ the agenda to the territory of tlie free world, istered properly throughout the United the conference, almost inevitably, wlll re­ lations Board from labor disputes in­ sult in a further retreat by the West. Some­ States. This required the Labor Rela­ volving merchants doing business in how the West must find a way of going over tions Board to reject many classes of every city in this country, it has made to the offensive. But how do we do it, and­ cases. These became known as the "no- these merchants ''prey" of whatever de- at what points? 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8001

In. _my _opinio;n, .th~ only a~swer , to :this not. only intrinsically valid but provide. the - president of Odessa College he fashioned question 1&-the captive nations. On this enemy with a face-saving formula. We must an excellent, modern school with many issue we.are on: sure ground-legally, mora}Jy, show ourselves as persistent in pursuit 9! beautiful buildings located on its own and politically. our goals as the enemy 1s in pursuit of his. Legally, we can point to. the series of post­ And finally, we must hold forth to the campus. Those houses of learning will war covenants assuring the captive nations world the possibility of :genuine coexistence. stand as a monument to Murry Fly, and of the right to choose their governments in (The dictionary defines imperialism as a the good that he did will continue to be democratic elections. · "doctrine leading to the territorial expan.:. reflected in the thousands of young peo­ Morally, we can invoke the Atlantic Charter sion of a state or to its domination of ple who attend Odessa College. in years and .we can point to the overwhelming vote others.") to .come. by which the U.N. General Assembly con­ Before founding Odessa College, Dr. demned Soviet intervention in Hungary. Politically, there is no issue on which the Population .Area Fly served for 24 years as superintendent Year Countries (thousands) (square of Ector County schools, and it was here Kremlin is more sensitive or more vulnerable. miles) There may have been a time when the that. I first came to know him when I Kremlin believed that it could crush the was a schoolboy looking for the leader­ spirit of resistance in the captive nations and ANNEXED OR UNDER SOVIET ADMINISTRATION ship that he provided. Prior to his long ultimately produce a generation of Com- . · and distinguished service with the Ector munist robots. If they seriously entertained 1940 Part of Finland ______450 Estonia______! 17,600 County schools, Dr. Fly had served as this illusion, the events of the past few years 1940 1,122 1940 Latvia______------. 1, 951 ~~; Wo superintendent of school systems in Red have certainly destroyed it. In quick suc­ Lithuania ___ : ______.. 1940 2,957 21,500 River County, Collin County, and strawn cession there have been the East German 1945 Part of German East 1,-187 5 40 uprising, the Poznan uprising, the Polish Prussia. • ° County, all in Texas. On July 1, 1959, · revolt against Moscc,>vite control, t,~e Hun­ 1945 Part of Poland_------­ 11,800 69,900 he celebrated his 50th year in education, 1945 Part of Czechoslovakia_ 731 4,900 garian revolution, the Tibetan revolution. 1945 Part of·Rumania_ ----- 3, 700 19,400 and received justly deserved tributes That the wm to freedom which exploded Total ______from friends, outstanding citizens, so heroically in ~ungary in October 1956 re­ • 23,898 182,400 former students and fellow educators all mains unsubdued was once again proved by CONTROLLED BY U.S.S.R. over the world. the spontaneous emotional mass demonstra­ Dr. Fly was himself the product of the tion which greeted Vice President NIXON in 1945 East Germany ______18,807 . 42,900 Warsaw, Marguerite Higgins quoted a senior 1945 Poland __ ------26,500 120,355 rural public schools of his native Mis­ European diplomat as saying that the War­ 1948 Czechoslovakia ______12,340 49,'381 . sissippi, and received his bachelor of arts 1947 9, 750 35,902 saw demonstration convinced him that, if it degree at East Texas State College. He 1948 Bulgaria______16,100 91,584 came to war, the Kremlin would have to place 1946 ~~~~======' 7,160 42,796 took bachelor of arts and master of arts the whole of Poland under milltary occupa­ 1946 Albania __ ------1,175 10,629 degrees from the University .of Texas, tion. Total______91,832 393, 547 and graduate work at the University of In my opinion, this is a great understate­ Chicago and Denver University. Here­ ment. If it came to war in Europe, the Kremlin would have to place its entire satel­ In all, within 8 years Moscow succeeded in ceived his doctorate degree at Texas Tech lite empire and much of the territory of the extending its control over an area of 575,947 College. Soviet Union under military occupation. square miles with 115,730,000 inhabitants. Dr. Fly was born October 8, 1886, at This task alone would strain the resources Only one power used the Second World Friar's Point, Miss., and in 1913 married of the 100 Red ·army divisions west of the War as a cover for its own territorial expan­ Mildred Hamm, of Fort Worth, Tex. Urals. As for the 75 satellite divisions, there sion-the Soviet Union. From their long happy union came five is a far greater chance that they would fight sons and two daughters, each of whom on our side than that they would fight on .the side of the Soviet Union. are outstanding people worthy of their I believe we should call Khrushchev's bluff Dr. Murry, H. Fly heritage, and I am proud to call them my by saying these things frankly to him. And, personal friends. having done this, I believe we should place Dr. Fly was a tireless worker for any before the summit conference a package deal EXTENSION OF REMARKS cause in which he enlisted. He served that calls for- · OF his community 'in many ways, and was (a) Free elections under U.N. supervision proud of the fact that he had a record of in East Germany and the captive nations; HON. J. T.. RUTHERFORD. 24 years of perfect attendance in the (b) Disengagement in. depth on both sides OF TEXAS Lions Club. He. served as governor of of the prewar Soviet frontiers; : IN THE HOUSE' OF REP-RESENTATIVES 2-:-T-2 District, Lions International, and (c) A nuclear test ban and a substantial degree of disarmament, with adequate in­ Wednesday, April13, 1960 held 1 of the 11 international keys pre- spection; and,_ Mr. RUTHERFORD. Mr. Speaker, sented in the history of international (d) Increased East-West trade, including lionism. He was active in many educa­ one of Texas' greatest educators, Dr. tional and teachers organizations, serv­ the extension of credits. Murry H. Fly, passed away in Odessa, The liberation of the captive nations, in Tex., on April4, 1960, after a lifetime of ing in many elective capacities wit:P.in my opinion, is the one objective for which them. He also served a term as presi­ we should be willing to pay with substantial d~dicated service to his. prof~ssion and dent of the Odessa Chamber of Com- reciprocal concessions. If the Soviets were his fellow .men. The people he hel:J?€4 .. merce, and was a devout member of the to agree to liberation, then we could afford numbered m the thousan~s. and I think First Christian Church. to offer such concessions without endanger­ that every whose life w_as to-uched I extend my sincere sympathy to Dr. ing our future security. pers~n From the Soviet standpoint, the package by Murry. Fly Is better f~r It. I per- Fly's bereayed widow, to his children, deal I have outlined would have definite ad­ sona:lly Will always. owe him a. debt of grandchildren and other relatives. I vantages. It would enable them to disem­ g!atltude for the gUidan~e and kmdly ~s- feel a sense of personal loss in his pass­ barrass themselves of the troublesome, re­ sistance he gave me durmg my formative ing, but I am consoled by the thought bellious captive nations under the protection years. ~t shall always be ~ mat~er of that the good works he did will live on. of a. face-saving formula.. It would offer deep pnde and personal satisfactiOn to them security, disarmament, trade credits­ me that I had the opportunity to grad- all objectives that have figured high on their. uate from a public school system which list of demands. And, in pursuing this line Murry Fly guided with wisdom, kindness, Questionnaire Results of argument, it might be pointed out to and a dedication almost beyond belief. them-in all accuracy-that their relations with independent, non-Communist Finland At the time of his passing, Dr. Fly was president of Odessa College, which he EXTENSION OF REMARKS have in many respects been more satisfactory OF than their relations with some of their founded in 1946. The college started satellites. first as a . dream of Murry Fly's, but he · HON. ODIN LANGEN In pursuing the objective of liberation, we was not one to idly dream and do nothing OF MINNESOTA should use all the devices of diplomacy. We about making it a reality. When the must first of all establish our strength and Odessa College was first founded, stu­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES persuade the enemy that we are aware of Wednesday, April13, 1960 his weakness. We must place him on the dents met in borrowed or makeshift defensive by shifting the arena of diplomatic classrooms, utilizing whatever facilities Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Speaker, our office oontroversy to territory under his control. were available. But Murry FlY was a has just finished tabulating the results We ·must offer counterconcessions that ar~ builder and in the 1.4 years he served as of . a questionnaire which we sent out 8002 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE Apni 13 earlier in the session to residents of Min­ s. Do you believe thla year's budget for As you know, we in the South have also nesota•s Ninth Congressional District. our Nation's mutua.! security (foreign aid) known the bitterness of defeat. We also This questionnaire deals with eight of the program should be ( 1) Smaller than, 44.8 know the heartbreak and angu1sb that faces percent; (2) roughly the same as, 44.2 per­ a great people when the fortunes of wa.r turn issues facing this body, and the 7,027 cent; or (3) larger than, 5.5 percent-the ap­ against them. Most importantly, however, replies which we have thus far received proxtma;tely $3.1 billion a.ppropl1ated by the 'We know the burning desire of the van­ have been evaluated both totally and in COngress last year? No opinion. 5.5 percent. quished for freedom and the right to live as five separate occupational groupings. 4. DO you belleve the present •1,200 limi­ a God-fearing people, and therefore, 1 think In the hope that the opinions ex­ tation on outside earnings for those receiving it is particularly appropriate that the people pressed in this poll i:night be of benefit social security benefits should be raised? Yes, of Charleston have joined hands with the 54.~ percent; no, 43 percent; no opinion, 2.4 peoples of West Germany to assist them in to my collea.gUes, I am calling them to percent. · their continued fight for freedom. the attention of the House at this time. 5. Do you believe this country should In­ We in America recognize the splendid re­ Oomments and a percentage summary stitute a medical and surgical health plan covery which is the story of postwar West follow: for those receiving social security benefits Germany. We share your hopes and aspira­ 1. In the field of Government spending, the which woUld be adminJstered and financed by tions for the future and therefore, I think replies which we received indicated an over­ the Social Security Administration? Yes, it particularly significant that upon the whelming majority in .favor o! payment 47.9 percent; no, 49 percent: no opinion, 3.1 occasion of the recent visit of Chancellor on the national debt or, at least, a balanced percent. Adenauer, our President reassured him per­ budget. 6. Do you believe the Federal Government sonally, that we would not ·abandon West 2. In response to the agricultural question, should provide financial assistance for ele­ Berlin under any circumstances. 63.5 percent of those replying indicated their mentary and secondary school construction? We know that some of our ames appear favor with some type of controls and sup­ Yes, 42.5 percent; no, 53.3 percent: no not to share our strong views on this issue. ports. The · di1ferences of opinion with re­ opinion, 4.2 percent. However, in America we recognize full well gard to what form this program should take, 7. Do you believe the Federal Government that the future of West Berlin is inextricably however, refiect the general lack of agree­ should provide financial assistance for teach­ tied to the future freedom of all Europe. ment on how best to improve agricultural ers• salaries? Yes, 19.8 percent; no, 76 per­ And, to the extent that we may compromise income and reduce taxpayer expense. cent; no opinion, 4.2 percent. our stand on West Berlin, to the sam.e extent 3. Regarding our mutual securLty (foreign 8. Do you belleve the latest steel strike ha.s we compromise forever the principles of aid) program, a large majority was almost shown a need for Federal legislation in this freedom for which we all stand. equally divided between appropriations field? Yes, 80.4 percent; no, 15.6 percent: no I think it also significant that the Presi­ smaller than last year and appropriations the opinion, 4 percent. dent of the United states endorsed the ne­ same as last year; 5.5 percent voted for in­ cessity for future tariff reductions among creased foreign aid spending. the free nations of Western Europe so as to 4. A raising of the present $1,200 limita­ insure the continued economic growth of tion on outside earnings of those receiving this vital bastion of freedom. social security benefits was favored by a ma­ Transfer of the U.S.S. "Charles Aus­ Great words have been said about the im­ jority of those who replied. This majority burne" to the Federal Republic of Ger­ portance of this las.t destroyer being trans­ was largest among business and professional ferred to the German Republic. Nothing people, and smallest among those who are many more need be said on this subject for I am presently retired. A majority of farmers certain that my good friend Admiral Ruge replying were against the raising of this EXTENSION OF REMARKS will do a masterfUl Job ot welding this latest limita.tion. Unk into the defense armor of the free na­ 01' 5. Together with the question concerning tions of Western Europe. agriculture, that regarding a medical and HON. KATHARINE ST. GEORGE We in America are not militarist, nor are surgical health plan for social security re­ the people of Western Germany. However, cipients resulted in the gree.test difference 011' NEW YORK. we have all learned to be realists. We know of opinion. The replies against such a pro­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that we cannot continue to enjoy the fruits posal were 1.1 percent larger than those in Wednesday, April 13, 1960 of freedom without paying the price of an favor. Replies against were more common adequate defense; therefore, in closing I among business and professional people; re­ Mrs. ST. GEORGE. Mr. Speaker, the think it important to reiterate that the cost plies for were more common among retired following remarks by our colleague, Con­ of freedom and peace is high, but it is well and salaried people. gressman RIVERS, of South Carolina's worth the price we pay. 6 and 7. A majority of those who replied Thank you. were against Federal financial assistance for First District, were made at the transfer school construction, and a very large ma­ ceremonies of the U.S.S. Charles Aus­ jority were opposed to such aid for teach­ burne

I not only pay honor to the coach, Mr. necessary to protect the health of our the economic trend of the·: Nation. n ~ is Edward McCluskey, but also to Mr. John people throug}J. initiation of an adequate a health and pleasure resort with little Hetra, who succeeded me as superintend­ water pollution ·program, that we cann9t industry, and has annual problems · to ent of schools in Farrell, and who was a a:fford to spend money on public works face with a fluctuating population of 60,- great basketball player and referee ~m­ to maintain our physical plant; S'Q.Ch as 000 in winter to over 300,000 in summer, self. . preventing flood control on the rivers of on an island 5 miles from the New Jer­ My tribute to the superintendent and Indiana where millions of dollars in dam­ sey mainl·and. The municipal mainte­ ·the coach refiects back also on each and age is caused through floods every nance and supervision· of the economy every member of the team and the stu­ spring, that we cannot a:fford housing are di:flicl_llt under such circumstances, dent body. programs or the expenditure of a rea­ but added to this is the fact that Atlan­ sonable amount of money for slum clear­ tic City must compete with .scores of ance and for urban· r.enewal. To the other cities 9-nd areas as a health, and Salaries for Postal Employees Should Be above must now be added that we can­ recreation resort and convention city. not a:fford to pay our own postal em­ Down through the years the city has Raised ployees a fair day of pay for a fair day of held its own, but in the past decade it work. began to show signs of wear. True, the ~TE:NSION OF REMARKS We can, however, in the thinking of ocean, the beach, and the sunshine were OF the administration, a:fford passage of the always there, but these were not enough vault cash bill, to raise the interest rate in this modern world. HON •. GERALD T. FLYNN for the benefit of the bankers at a cost to These five commissioners under Mayor OF WlSCONSIN' the Federal Government and private en­ Altman-these five dedicated officials IN ·THE Hc;>USE OF REPRESENTATIVES terprise of approximately $40 billion a saw these things and decided the world's Wednesday, April13, 1960 year. We can a:fford to spend approxi­ playground needed a face lifting-that mately $4 billion a. year on: foreign aid. its facilities and the economy needed Mr. FLYNN. Mr. Speaker,.the Federal Do you not think that our Nation can help. They proceeded with a planned employees,. and in particUlar postal em­ a:fford to treat its Federal employees and, program of municipal renovation-re­ ployees, are complaining bitterly about in particular the postai employees, in a moving the antiquated trolley car sys­ the failure of the U.S. Government to just manner insofar as their wages are tem running the length of the island and keep their pay schedule on a par with concerned? · · replacing it with buses; widening and the cost-of-living index. Postal em­ repaving the main through streets; im,.. ployees are a dedicated group. They are proving and modernizing the world's men who. have given up the chance Accolade to Atlantic City Commissioners largest convention hall; rebuilding, re­ of larger earnings for the security that decking, and beautifying the world-fa­ goes with Federal employment. They EXTENSION OF REMARKS mous boardwalk; changing municipal cannot strike. They cannot even bar­ OF ordinances to encourage the removal of gain collectively. They are at the mercy old wood constructed side avenue hotels of a Government that should be dedi­ HON. MILTON W. GLENN for modern fireproof motels with side-by­ cated to fair and equitable treatment of OF NEW JERSEY side swimming pools and ice skating its employees. The Government, how­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES rinks. These things-this encourage­ ever, is taking advantage of · the em­ ment-this leadership has brought re­ ployees and their inability to bargain Wednesday, April13, 1960 sults. In the last several years, Atlantic collectively or to strike, and is failing to Mr. GLENN. Mr. Speaker, in New City has and is undergoing an economic pay the postal workers a rate that is Jersey, a certain form of municipal gov­ revolution. ·scores of new modern mo­ commensurate with similar employees in ernment widely used is the commission tels in all locations have been erected, municipal and .private employment. form, with either five or three commis­ and·are still going up. - Convention busi­ Starting in 1952 the wage rates of po­ sioners; according to population, and ness is increasing, bank deposits making licemen and firemen throughout the . who in turn elect one of their. members new records, and thousands of satisfied country have gone consistently upward. as a ·mayor. One of the unusual aspects guests are being served weekly. The increases for postal workers has of this form of government is that·it has Therefore, it must be that the citi­ failed to keep pace with increases to fire­ its own special election date, and the zens of Atlantic City have recognized men: and policemen, and today many a candidates run without any official des­ these things and do· honor to their in­ postal employee's family finds that the ignation of a political party. It ·is a po- cumbent commissioners by nqt opposing annual salary of the breadwinner of the litical nonpartisan election. · them for reelection. They have taken family falls several hundred dollars short The largest city in my.Second District cognizance of the fact that their welfar,e of paying the normal costs of supporting of New Jersey is Atlantic City, the mecca depends on the good management of a family. This group was shocked to of thousands of vacationists every year, their city by experienced and dedicated find that the President did not provide and the convention capital of the world. officials. To one in the political field, I additional funds for a pay increase in his . It was incorporated as a city in 1854 and know of no way that an electorate c<>uld budget message, or ask for. an increase in was under a councilmanic forni of gov­ better show .. their confidence in their the state of the Union message. Instead, ernment until 1912, when it adopted the elected officials than by this reelection by double talk was· used and it was sug­ commission form with a mayor and four unanimous acclaim. I join them in this gested that a study be made of Federal -commissioners. During a11 ·these years, accolade to Mayor Joseph Altman and wage rates. It reminds one of Nero there was never an election without op­ Commissioners O'Donnell, Kerstetter, · playing the fiddle while Rome burns. posing candidates or tickets, and I may Casey, and Jackson. This callous disregard of the immediate say many Atlantic City elections of the needs of the postal employees for a fair past were turbulent to say the least. and -adequate raise in pay cannot be This year on May 10, there will be an­ •, understood by the postal employees or other election for five commissioners, and Franklin Pierce Adams their families, or justified by. the Gov­ for the first time in the history of At­ ernment. It appears that a fair and ade­ lantic City no opposing candidates have · EXTENSION OF REMARKS quate wage rate is sacrificed to the de­ filed to oppose the incumbents. This is . OF sire of the administration for a surplus so unprecedented it calls for comment. in the budget. We all want a surplus in , The present commissioners are Mayor HON. JOHN S. MONACAN the budget, but not at the expense of Joseph Altman and Commissioners John OF CONNECTICUT · being unfair to postal employees or to O'Donnell, Meredith B. Kerstetter, Wil­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES other Federal employees. It has been liam F. Casey, and RichardS. Jackson, said that we cannot afford an adequate and they are all candidates for reelection. Wednesday, April13, 1960 military defense, that we cannot atford As natives of Atlantic City,' they have Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, I was to keep even with Russia in the missile seen· and Uved through many periods as saddened recently to read. of the death race, that we cannot afford the money the prosperity of Atlantic City follows of Franklin Pierce Adams, the famed 8004: . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 13 columnist, "F.P.A.," who for so many the United States where imports are taking .ana.. those dealiilg with him· must, be­ years conducted the noted "Conning command. cause. of their lowered income, reduce Tower'' column in various metropolitan I would think that if politicians and union their standard .of living. This tends to leaders ~ould get out and promise relief and newspapers. fight this inflltration 0: foreign goods it lovver ·the American standard of living For those of us who came of age in would mean a lot more to our economy than and brings it down to the standard of the twenties and thirties, "F.P.A." and many of the things being promised and living of people in European or Asiatic his column had a place in our lives which offered to get votes. countries. has never been duplicated. It can only mean that. many a worker will I do not believe this is proper. I be­ Urbane and witty, Adams through his be seeking unemployment compensation and ·lieve it is the duty _of every elected rep­ then relief if this situation continues. Any life fostered a respect for classical learn­ worker that goes out and buys foreign prod­ resentative to support, maintain, and ing, a love for good literature and a sense ucts is asking for trouble, as we cannot have improve the standard of living of all of the importance of the ability to con­ our cake .and eat it too. I am beginning to American citizens. People, the world struct a clear and coherent English think we should again think in terms of round, desire American citizenship be­ sentence. "Buy America First." cause of the fact that this country, has In a time when regard for cultural Very truly yours, been able to offer its citizens a better matters was not as current in America as LEO PERRY. way of life and a higher standard of liv­ it is today, Adams through the persist­ It has been brought to my attention, ing than they have known in other coun­ ence of his efforts inculcated in his through a committee in which I serve, tries. It ·is the duty of all of us to main­ readers an interest in great poetry, in that this country is a customer for 12,000 tain this and to continue to build our notable writing and in artistic creation fishing vessels in · the next 10 years. country and to improve the way of ·life generally which was then encouraged by These vessels can be bought in foreign in our country. too few others in positions of such in­ shipyards for one-half of what they can It is appalling to most of us to see :fluence. be purchased for in this country. Our the Eisenhower administration support­ To remember how we awaited his committee is informed that it is the pol­ -ing, encouraging, and promulgating the translations of Horace, his Gilbertian icy of the administration to permit these "buy European" program: We all know verse or his weekly diary in the style of :fishing vessels to be purchased in foreign that we must buy abroad if Europe is to Samuel Pepys is to evoke the atmosphere shipyards. Our committee is almost buy from us, but--there is such a thing of another day. unanimously opposed to this policy. I as Government control-such as we had It is my conviction that we as a na­ have a special interest in that particular during the days when Cordell Hull was tion must return to adherence to many contract, because most of the power­ Secretary of State when he negotiated of the values which Franklin P. Adams plants in these boats will be manufac­ independent trade treaties with each thought important and which we have tured by Fairbanks, Morse Co., a sub­ foreign country and thereby improved thoughtlessly discarded in the hectic war stantial industry in my district. trade relations for American merchants and postwar years. I have many cases in my district where throughout the world and at the same Franklin P. Adams' efforts to raise our manufacturers have reported to me that time kept a balance of trade in favor American cultural standards have been they were the low American bidder, and of this country. This kept moderation in monumental and I can think of no finer that the bid was so low that they could the "buy European" programing and tribute to his memory than to say that not reduce it and make out on the job; prevented wmecessary high tariffs. To­ these efforts are still bear~ng fruit. nevertheless, because of low wages in day, we have a steam engine running foreign countries, coupled with a lower without an engineer. There appears to standard of living, which means a lesser be no one steering the ship of State. cost for raw materials involved, and be­ American purchasing power is being The F oily of the Buy-European Program cause the manufacturer is not paying spent abroad to improve the standard of American taxes, the 6-percent preference living in Europe, while American manu­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS granted to American bidders was wholly facturers have idled their factories, and 011' insuftlcient to make up the difference in American workmen are unemployed be­ cost and the work is going to Japanese, cause they cannot secure American or­ HON. GERALD T. FLYNN German, Italian, or other European con­ ders unless they reduce their standard OF WISCONSIN cerns. I refer to a wire cable company of living to that of Europe·or Asia. The IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in my district, a fine organization with result of this is loss of taxes to the United a background of about 100 years of States and a lower standard of living for Wednesday, April 13, 1960 manufacturing, which lost a large con­ American citizens. · Mr. FLYNN. Mr. Speaker, my tract in competition with a European I believe that Leo Perry of Whitewater, thoughts turn to· the folly of the buy­ bidder. I refer to a $6 million contract Wis., was entirely correct in the position European program because of a letter for locomotives at the Panama Canal that he took in his letter to the editor written by one of my constituents to Mr. where several American bidders, includ­ -of the Whitewater Register. His small Charles Coe, editor of the Whitewater ing one in my district, lost out to the industry is typical of the thousands like (Wis.) Register. The letter is set forth Mitsubishi Co. of Japan. Each of you it throughout the country who have suf­ as follows: · · . who read this article can add many spe- fered, and will continue to suffer, if this MARCH 23, 1960. - cific examples to this list, I am sure, and country permits the .. buy European" Mr. CHARLES COE, I could, also, add many others. These, program to grow without the imposition Whitewater Register, however, pinpoint the fact that Ameri­ of controls and regulations. Whitewater, Wis. can business is going European. . When DEAR CHARLES: I do not know whether this information is of interest to your readers or . this happens, it means that American not. Sometimes I think there is no interest, citizens lose ezp.ployment. When they again I believe there is interest but they do lose employment, the Government loses Congressman Donald J. Irwin on Cuba not know what to do about it. taxes for the reason that the Govern­ As you know 80 percent of our production ment is a partner with every individual EXTENSION OF REMARKS is in plastics. We have just received a letter workman and manufacturer. The man­ from the Society of the Plastic Industry tell­ ufacturer loses the normal profit and OF ing us that a total of 6,547,000 plastic rain­ suffers idleness of his plant, causing coats were imported to the United States HON. EMILIO Q. DADDARIO harm to his corporation and loss to the OF CONNECTICUT from Japan and other foreign countries in entire community, because of the loss of 1959. When this is a broken down against IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES our labor in Whitewater it means a -total of payroll and subcontract work in the 4 coats per hour or a total of 818 people area where the manufacturer is located. Wednesday, April13, 1960 working 40 hours per week for 1 year's time. If the manufacturer takes the contract Mr. DADDARIO; Mr. Speaker, my This is -what is happening to the plastic at a price competitive with European distinguished colleague from Connecti­ raincoat industries 1n the United Statea. bidders, it means that he must · lower .cut, Congressman DONALD J. IRWIN, is Now, this is but a small example, what about wages ·in his plant and lower other costs. ·most knowl_edgeable about matters deal- the 1,001 other products and industries in The result of thia fa that his workmen ing with Latin America. · 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 8005 He :recently made a statement con­ broadcasting . directly from this country to incentives. and opportunities for nations cerning Cuba which prompted editorial the island. to live together· in peace and harmony. comment in the Bridgeport Sun:d&y Post we had. regarded. the. bl:oadcasting idea as The address follows~ : on April 10, 1960. - a good one to talk directly to· the Cuban peo- ple, but Representat.lve IBWIN says 1f we. do THE' PLAcE OF GoVERNMENT' IN THE UTILIZA- Congressman IRWIN said:- it, we will be identified as the. only anti-Cas- TION OF' SPACE WHAT MUST. WB Do CONCERNING. CUBA? tro force in Cuba. and all Cubans, of all I. INTRODUCTION I.t is. impertant, I think, that we respon~ shades of opinion, will rally to Fidel against l:li is. a great pleasure to take. part in this with vigor ta u.tl:.favorable and unwarranted the United States. - That seems to be sound exceptional series of lectures on the peace­ attacl£8' upon us b~ the Castr0 g0vernment. reasoning. time uses of space. The University of Call- We must do so, I feel, with the idea in mind Representative IRwi·N suggests the need for fornia has earned the gratitude of all Amer­ of protecting our- interests in· the rest of broadcasting the Voice of America. to all leans by providing a forum for a distin­ Latin America.. At the same time,. we must Latin American nations, to give them a clear guished array of speakers to examine in de­ take ev~ step to prevent any untoward in­ idea of our long-range friendly objectives, tail the sweeping implications of space tech­ cident that will gh:e Castra an opportunity spelling out our hopes and our programs for nology. Dr. Simon .Ramo, who suggested to attack ua further ~ SpecUically, we must the free peoples. the series, has expressed the hope that pub- halt unauthorized flights by American planes Our Congressman's is the latest voice to be - lie understanding and responsive.ness wtll over Cuba.. for such flights only weaken our raised in explaining what now seems to be be enlarged and heightened. All of us who position at home and abroad .. inevitable. Castro was big enough to lead ha.ve been honored with the opportunity of I am very much opposed, incidentally, to a revolt against brutality, thievery and gen- speaking he!le m-w;t sh3re that hope and praposaJ.s f0r broadcasting directly from the eral economic distress.. But he has proved accept" its challenge. United! States to Cuba. Such plans, it· seems beyond an~ doubt that he is not big enough My topic- is the place of Government in to me, would be repeating the fatal mistake to lead his nation toward prosperity and the utilization. of space·. In dealing with so made during the days of Peron in Argentina good relations with us, His campaign broad a subject matter, it w1111 be· necessary when our Ambassador tried to. interfere. If against us has been deliberate, not acci- to pick out certain aspe.cts. as most suitable we broadcast anti-Cuban programs, then we dental,. and 1s without basis in fact. to the purposes of the le-cture series. will be identified as the only anti-Castro This is known by the business and pro- I will begin with the present circumstances force in Cuba and all Cubans will rally be­ fessional people in Cuba, and the middle- of the national space program;. the values hind Castro. This suggestion only under­ class. citizens. Soon the peasants and the we can expect it to achieve; its importance lines the need for a full-blown Voice of P.oorest workers will know it, too. And then . to our international position; proposed America- program for aHJ of Latin. America things will have to change-for the better we changes, and historical background. which would· bring to the Latin Americans a hope. Then I will take up some problems: of clear idea of what the Iong-raDge U.S. ob­ space regulation and. control. Space law is jectives are. The VOA would spell out spe­ not only needed.- but needed urgently, in ciflcany what our programs and' hopes are Address by Chairman Overton Brooks on view of the facts of space and the participa- for the tree people of Latin America. tion by other countries in space. exploration President Eisenhower's recent trip aroused Government .and Outer Space and research. Later, it will-also be necessary all kinds of hopes for the roles we are to play to regulate the activities of private enterprise in the future development of Latin America in space: Up to now, all American space EXTENSION OF REMARKS actiVities have been condUcted by the Na­ and we must be ready to help meet these OF expectations.- r disagree with Mr. Elsen­ tional Government. For some time. to come, hower's claim upon his return from hfs HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO the Government will continue to be the prin­ recent goodwill tour, however. The Presi­ cipal space entrepreneur. In a society dedi­ dent maintained that our prestige was never OF NEW YORK cated to private enterprise,, however, it seems higher in Latin America. In my opinion, our IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES inevitable that space will sooner or later be . position in Latin America. has never been used for private purposes. Space law muat more perilous. Wednesday, April13, 1960 anticipate this development. · It is of vital importance, I believe, that we Mr. · ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, under Finally, I will list some, steps that would explain our democratic system of government enable this country to reap the benefits of leave to extend my remarks, I wish to space technology both sooner and more cer­ and outline the role that private enterprise insert in the REcoRD a major address de­ can play in the development of Latin Amer­ tainly ~ Time is. short. The opportunitfes livered by the gentleman from Louisiana are vast. ican countries. Private American capital in- . [Mr. BROOKS], who is chairman of the vested abroad can do much to help Latin IL NEED. AND VALUE Olil ASTRONAUTICS Committee on Science and Astronautics, America meet its needs. The year 1960 began in Washington with of which I am a member. a great debate over the national space· pro­ These remarks not only initiated the Congressman OVERTON BROOKS spoke gram. I wish I could tell you that the out­ following article but caused a change of at the University of California at Los. An­ come was a clear set of conclusions. Un­ opinion within the editorial staff of the geles on Wednesday, April 13, 1960, in happily, the charges and rebuttals are still Bridgeport Sunday Post: the fourth of a series of 12 lectures on flying through the air like ballistic missiles. IRWIN REPORTS ON CuBA "Peacetime Uses of Space." Other speak­ Many outsiders complain that they feel con­ fused. Some insiders may secretly feel the Congressman DONALD IRWIN, of Norwalk, ers in the series include Lt. Gen. J. H. same way, though they may never admit it. recently back from a meeting, of the Carib­ "Jimmy" Doolittle, Lloyd V. Berkner, And no wonder. For example, at least four bean Assembly and a personally financed side Ralph J. Cordiner, Dr. Willard F. Libby, different sets of comparisons of American trip to Cuba to get fir&thand impressions of Vice Adm. John T. Hayward, and Dr. and Soviet missile strength have appeared the situation there, says the island republic Edward Teller. in major newspapers of the Nation. is headed for "serious economic troubles in In this distinguished company, Con­ I am not going to try to clear up the mis­ the near future." , sile gap or even the space lag. The roots of. All signs point to it, but despite the fact, gressman BROOKS delivered a sound and discerning address on ''The Place of the disagreement go deeper. If you want .cubans do not want Fulgencio Batista, or . to know about the prospects and problems anyone like him, ba-ck in power. Represent­ Government in the Utilization o! Space." of using o.uter space, including our chances ative IRWIN had only 48 h'urs. to make obser­ He pointed out that our space lag, in of outstripping the U.S.S.R. in the long run, vations in Cuba but his fluency in the Span­ comparison with the U.S.S.R., resulted and what ciur Government can do to help, ish language ma-de the gathering of infor­ from our own past decisions and not from you need information of a more funda­ mation comparatively easy for him. any inability to do things in outer space mental kbid. Perhaps we should return to. Anti-American attacks by Castro, he be­ as well and as fast as the Russians. In fundamentals, and start with the need and Uev:es, should be answered "With vigor" but value of space flight. The debate in Wash­ with the t:dea in mind of protection for our · fact; he said, we have apparently taken ington. has revealed a difference of opinion interests; in other Latin American countries. only about half as long as the Russians on this subject, even. within the executive He failed to notice, he l'eports, any spon­ to develop lRBM's and ICBM'S. Con­ branch of the Government. taneous anti-Americanism, as. he walked gressman BROOKS' proposed a number of People have been dreaming about space about: the streets. Cubans knew at once he steps that would enable· this country to travel for thousands of y.ears. Now that we was an American, yet there was no demon­ make the best possible e1fort in outer have the means to xnake the dre.am come stratton of the hatred that has been gen­ space. true, however, many people begin to doubt erated bYJ the he:ad of the· rebel regime. the value of our space program. Is it me.rEHy The Fairfield County Congressman cam& I particularly welcome the- statements political and psychological-that is, are we away convinced that Castro's management· by Congressman B.aooKS that new inter­ going into outer space just for reasons of of economic. affairs will surely lead to crisis• ' national accommodations will: be neces­ national prestige and advantage in the. cold He favors a ban on unauthorized :flights to sary in the peaceful uses of outer- space, war? Or is it militarx-to prevent outer Cuba from Florid~:», but he is opposed to and that the space age will increase the space from being. used agai:nst us, and to CVI--504 8006 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 13 use it, if need be, against our enemies? I established a National Aeronautics and Space President Eisenhower also said in his state would answer that the value of our space Council, of which the President has been of the Union message: program is both psychological and military, chairman, and a Civllian-Military Lta.tson "OUr effort in space exploration • • • is in the cold war and the hot war alike, and Committee for the day-to-day coordination often mistakenly supposed to be an integral could be amply justified on either ground, of civllian and military space activities. part of defense research and development." in the perspective of 10 or 20 years. Or we As time has gone on, it has become appar­ This fits in well with the other statements can justify it on the ground that it leads ent that neither the Space Council nor the I have quoted. The view that we are not, or mankind further along the roadway toward Liaison Committee was used effectively. need not be, in a space race with the U.S.S.R. his destiny. On the other hand, there is general agree­ in my opinion, ignores both the effect of More directly, for most of us, the value of ment that the Space Act provides an ade-· space achievements on other nations and the our space program is also scientific and eco­ quate basic framework for national space mmtary potential of space technology­ nomic. If you happen to be a teacher or a activities. which I believe cannot be denied. housewife, it may be hard to think of outer In a recent message to Congress, President And, of course, space developments do have space as something that affects you. Yet Eisenhower declared that-- a vital mil1tary potential. It is dtmcult to it does just this; and sooner or later, a lot "A single program embracing military as conceive of any major development in space of our prosperity as well as our national well as nonmilitary space activities • • • that may not in time fulfill vital m111tary security is going to be wrapped up in outer does not exist and is in fact unattainable." needs. space. There are certain questions that trouble Like the automobile and the truck, space For example, we can look forward to better me on this ·score: Are the military and vehicles must in time fulfill mllitary needs. and cheaper methods of radio communica­ civilian space programs really so separate All means of communication and conveyance tion, weather forecasting and navigation by and distinct? How should they be coordi­ have military potentialities, and having means of satellites. Already new develop­ nated? How should the space effort be di­ these potentialities, are subject to military ments in treating diseases and in analyzing vided between military and civilian agencies? use. Nuclear energy in time may be diverted the human anatomy, which will have a di­ Is there a need for long-term planning, di­ entirely to meet civilian energy requirements, rect effect upon human beings, are being rection and coordination, encompassing both but will continue to have important military developed in our space program. New space the military and the civilian space programs; applications. Space developments, too, may exploration may unlock the ancient secrets and, if so, how should the need be met? be devoted to peacetime pursuits and re­ about the origin and use of the solar system On all these questions there is a clear-cut quirements, but they will still have vital and even of life itself. difference of opinion. For example, in con­ military applications which we should not Admittedly, such wonders lie in the fu­ trast to President Eisenhower's views, Gen­ attempt to deny. ' ture. Yet I expect to see some of them · eral Medaris told the Committee on Science Under these circumstances, what is most myself in the next 10 years or so. and Astronautics: needed in space research? Surely, basic At present, space exploration is first and "I believe strongly, and feel that it is research is fundamental to the needs of the foremost a new means of s'cientific research. wholly demonstrable, that the fields of bal­ military as well as to peacetime necessities. Naturally, this aspect appeals to the scien­ listic missilery and space exploration and It is fundamental, not only in the field of tific community, both at home and abroad. exploitation are in fact naturally indivisible space but also in other types of research and It is only the beginning. elements of a single broad technology and development. For example, the knowledge IU. MILITARY AND CIVILIAN USES OF SPACE that a continuance of divided efforts in this that we gain from the man-in-space pro­ broad area cannot ·but result in delay, dupli­ gram will apply to the medical treatment of From what I have just said, you can see man-an-earth. that the benefits we hope to gain in outer cation, and waste of both money and man­ space are both military and civilian. We all power. All these considerations affect the ques­ welcome the fact that the value of space "From a purely technical viewpoint, there tion whether the space program should be exploration is apparently much greater than is so little difference between civilian and divided among different departments of the just the mllitary possib111ties. At the same military space programs that there is no Government or should be placed entirely time, the relationship between the military justification for their division and resulting in the NASA. Of course, no one would deny and civllian space programs has raised prob­ duplication." to the military the development of weap­ lems from the very beginning. The first In dealing with the various proposals to ons in their field applications. subcessful American satellite was launched proceed with space development, the u.s. I know that there are, in this country, peo­ with a military missile in the hands of mili­ Government must draw upon the thinking ple to whom competition is still the "spice of tary personnel. We thus began to acquire of its ablest leaders-:tn politics, science and life," and who urge that it will make for the ability to explore space, in the first place, economics. As time moves along and de­ better progress if basic research is divided through mllitary efforts to develop missiles velopments indicate shortcomings in the among different Government agencies. They as weapons of war. The U.S.S.R. had the space program, changes in· space legislation argue, naturally, that the need of economy same experience. as well as in the organization of the executive in these new developments will be met by All concerned, including our military lead­ branch may be necessary. efficiency and reducing unnecessary effort. ers, agree that space exploration is not solely In order to make wise decisions, the Fed­ Of course, no system can avoid some degree a Inilitary program. Neither can we deny eral Government must determine what pri­ of duplication. But competition in pure that space has tremendous military signifi­ orities should be assigned to the space pro­ science is costly in both time and money. cance. The problem, then, is either to sepa­ gram; and, as time goes on, this decision It would be better to have competition rate m111tary and civilian space functions, will have to be reviewed repeatedly. among individual scientists, and complete or to link them in some effective relationship. President Eisenhower has indicated that cooperation among the various agencies of As many of you know, this kind of prob­ in his mind this Government is not engaged Government in our space program. America lem is not confined to space alone. It is in a space race with the U.S.S.R. For ex­ has neglected basic science. Only in recent a perennial problem of government in deal­ ample, he was asked whether he felt any years have our leaders given thought to ing with new technology. For example, the sense of urgency in catching up with Russia better, more aggressive and more efficient Atomic Energy Commission was given the either in space exploration or in military programs for building up our treasures of job of providing nuclear warheads for mili­ missiles. He replied (according to the New basic research. In our official program of tary missiles. The armed services, however, York Times) : pure (as contrasted with applied) space remained responsible for the means of deliv­ science, NASA can be expected to put forth ery and for developing and using the military "I am always a little bit amazed at this business of catching up. What you want is its full effort with a minimum of overlapping weapon systems. In the field of atomic en­ and duplication (and without the bickering ergy, then, civilian and military functions enough, a thing that is adequate." We may naturally .ask: "Adequate for and back-biting which in the past have are not entirely separated. This arrange­ muddied our major space efforts) . ment has worked well. what?" Surely not adequate for catching up The Space Act of 1958 created a new civil­ with Russia. IV. STATUS AND PROSPECTS OF THE NATIONAL ian space agency. The result is a system of Again, when he was asked whether our SPACE PROGRAM cordinate civilian-military control, which national prestige was at stake in space ex­ At present, the space program is drifting was recommended by the President in his ploration, he replied: with the winds of expediency. While con­ message to Congress of April 2, 1958. In its "Not particularly, no." tinuing to deny that our space program in­ final form the act had the full approval and At that time he seemed to take issue with volves national prestige, competes with the signature of the President. the overwhelming, if not unanimous, opinion Soviet program or requires any particular The civ111an space agency was given general of vigorous leaders who have come by the urgency, the present administration is authority to plan, direct and conduct aero­ hundreds before the committees of Congress nevertheless devoting more money to the nautical and space activities. At the same declaring that our :pational prestige was, in development of this program. Federal fund­ time, the act provided for full cooperation fact, in great jeopardy. Every witness who ing of the space program must of necessity between the civilian agency and the defense has stated his views on the subject to the increase year by year. The demands of establishment. Because civilian and m111- Committee on Science and Astronautics has NASA will increase, and the space develop­ tary interests in space are often difficult to agreed that our status in space development ment of the armed services wm not diminish separate and unavoidably overlap, machinery is a major factor in the cold war, and tends for many years. was created both for coordination and for to be taken abroad as an indication of our Only three Polaris submarines were in­ overall control. For this p~se the act civilian and m111tary prowess. cluded. in the current budget. Without 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 8007 prior warning, Admiral Burke stated on Feb­ V. THE SPACE LAG eluded a list of the very creditable American ruary 8 that the Navy w1li ask for funds to Ever since the :flrst Russian satellite was "firsts.., in outer space--for example, putting build six more. launched in 1957, we have heard loud crles the first satemte into a polar orbit; putting The administration had directed a drastic that we were lagging_ behind the Russians the first satemte into a (near) circular cut in funds requested by the Atomic Energy in space~ Tllis charge 1a not. to be lightly orbit; the :flrst ejection of capsules from Commission to develop a nuclear-powered brushed , aside. Quaiified witnesses have satellites; and the first use o'f a satellite for space rocket (Project Rover). As a result, agreed that the mainstage rocket, or booster, communications relay. It 1S' widely be­ the project was expected to be delayed by used in Soviet space missrons produces from lieved, furthermore, that we have more than a year or more. There are those who say six to eight hundred thousand pounds of held our- own in guidance, miniaturization, that the delay was not justified on tecnnica.l thrust. In this_country, the largest rocket and data recovery. There is even some feel­ grounds. On March 8,, 1960, the AEC trans­ booster is still the 300,000-pound-thrust ing, though it is hard to verify, that we have ferred funds within its own budget to add Atlas. We are trying to brfdge the gap by acquired -more useful scientific data. $11 million to Project Rover. developing high-energy upper stages as well I particularly wish tcr point out that our Naturally, I am pleased that these vital as bigger boosters. Within a few years, we space lag, in comparison with the U.S.S.R., programs will be getting more support. It may: have perfected the giant Saturn rocket. is the result o! more power­ or an average annual rate of some $1.5 bil­ also convinced many people around the · :htl: rockets? It we had done- s~ according Uon. Recall that the agency received more world of Soviet leadership not only in 1!o · expert testimony, we mfght . not now be than $500 million for this year-its first rocketry but in broad a11eas 0i science and trailing the Russians in outer space. f-ull year of operation-and is requesting $915 technology. While it is. clearly a delusion - Is it. possible that the space: and missile million for ftscal year 1961. to take rocketry alone as a proof of general programs have lreen tailOl'ed tolfit budgetary Vet the agency presented its 10-year budg­ scientific p11ogress, the fact that many people preconceptions? et forecast a.s sufficient to WJ'est space leader­ do so has affected the world positron oJt the ln. August of 1955, Dr ~ von Bz:a1m told a ship from the U.S.S.R. United States. liligh:-leyel meeting that h£t had the hard­ Although it seems to lack sufficient ur­ Th'e impact of Sovre-t space feats on world ware to put: the woz:ld's fiz:st ·satellite into gency, the 10-year program is technically opinion has now been. recognized by many orbit. He was not allowed. to proceed- well thought out. It calls Cor the fiight of high officials o:f the present administration­ In 1956, General Medaris received an order a Mercury astrona'tlt (not in orbit) In 1960; tncluding Dr·. George Klstfakowsky, the from Washington, tnstr.ucting hlaD not to an unmanned "hard" landing on the Moon President's scientific adviser, who reeently Let ~Jupiter C go into orbit: At that time,.. 1n 19fil; planetary probes of Mars. or Venus­ said that we "cannot ignore the very real Genaal Medaris and hi& seientiftc colleagues in 1962;,. anct an unmanned ..soft" landing" political implications of various spectacular were- abeut to test-fire the Jupite!" C~ They on the Moon in 1963. accomplishments fu outer space that have believed i:t could be put into. Ol!bit. at will. By: the standard of meeting om competi­ come to have symbolic meaning to the world Remember, the first Russian sat.ellite was tion, however, it seems too low, overopti­ at large." not launched until October 1957 mistic, and unrealistic. A month or so earlier, Dr. Kistlakowsky Yet, as you know, our Thor and Jupiter lRBM's are now available i:n quantity, and For examJlle, the only big space boosters observed that this country is engaged in "a our Atlas ICBM's became operationa:b at included in the 10-year program are those scientific and technological contest with the about the- same time as their Russian coun­ dev~lopment: Soviet Union which. today involves our na­ already under research and the terparts. Considering the-dates when we be­ Saturn and the Nova. As you know, our tional prestige, and tomorrow, perhaps, our gan our programs, it app_ears that we de­ space lag is maip.ly in boos.ter.s. The Saturn very survivaL" veloped IRBM's and ICBM's in about half as is e-xpected to J:)eeome available by 1965. Now, I am not rec;:ollllllending national much time as the Russ-ians. Four F-1 engines (.six in some versions1, each self-fiagellation, though I think a little self­ This. is an aceomplishment in which we­ producing 1 million pounds of thrust, will '~;;he ¥2 criticism is good for soul and good for can all take- pride-. But it was made- neces­ be clustered to make the Nova. The first the country. On the contra:~:y, I believe that sary b;i our own- earlier. decisions not to de­ ftlght test of the F-1 engine is not scheduled Soviet superiority in rocket. thrust, while un­ velop large rocket boosters and not to engage till 1968. No date has been set for comple­ deniably an important index of space capa­ in a satellite progi:am. The. same. decisions tion e! the Nova. If 'tihe U.S.S.R. develops bilities. should be kept in proper perspective. have hampered our efforts in outet" spaee up even bigger boosters in the meantime--be­ Whether in space research or mllitary to this very day. fore 197Q--ours space budget will ne.ed to astronautics, the best results are not. always be raised very sharply, or we wm fall to obtained with the biggest boosters. Nor can Vl~ SPACE' LAW AND INTERNATIONAL reach the goal of catching up. Dr. Wernher progress in space research be measured by COOPERATION von Braun told my committee: "I consider the chronology of spectacular feats. There So far, I have been talking about our own it quite likely the Russians have a larger are too many pru:tial measures which cannot national space program, what it means to us-, rocket than any they have flown so far." simply be added up--for instance, the variety and how it s-eems to be progressing. Now I ' To give another example, manned ftlght and types of missiles and space vehicles, the should like to turn for a moment to the less to the moon is not scheduled in the 10-year number of successful launchings, instru­ evident but no less v;ital-problems of space program until after 19'70. Dr. von Braun mentation, reliability, tracking and control regulation and controL also told my committee tha;t he '"would not devices. There is a need now tGl begin work on the be surprised if Russia makes a soft landing Dr. Homer Newell of the National Aero­ establishment of' general space law. Man's on the moon this year." nautics and Spac_e Admlnlstration recently ability to explore and use outer s-pace is de­ Can we catch up wirt.h the Soviet. Union? completed a study of American and Soviet veloping rapidly. Not only the United States _ I believe we can, and r have yet to meet any space research progquns. He concluded that and the U.S.S.R. but. many other nations American who thi·nks otherwise. Even the U.S.S.R. leads us in high-altitude will soon be in the game. Any delay in creat­ Khrushchev seems to agree. At the U.S~ measurements, blologieal experimentS', pay­ ing applicable l7ules-of. international la.w may Fair in Moscow last summer, Khrushchev load package ejection, deep-space probes, and make our later efforts more difiicult. talked with Dr. John Turkevich, a Princeton vehicle technology. On the other hand,, ne The. need for spa.ce law is. moz:e than a professor who speaks- fluent Russian. Dr. said, the two countries appear to be nearly mere matter of traffi.c control, important Turkevich later reported that he said to equal in upper air research and in satellite though that may be. Perhaps it would help Khrushchev· studies of the earth's environment; and the to give a few examples~ "We will catch up to you and beat you United States has taken the lead in solar A pressing problem of space law concerns in satellite weight before you surpass us in radiation e.xperlments and in studies of the responsibility for the effects caused by the wheat production" (an astute remark in atmosphere up to an altitude of about 200 return of spacecraft to earth. In addition more ways than one). miles. to the need !OJ: international agreements Khrushchev replied seriously: "'America is The detailect comparisons made by Dr. dealing with Iiabillti for the resulting in­ a strong and powerful country. If 1t sets Newell may be cause !or concern but ha.rdly jury or damage, it may well be necessary to - its mind to do aomething, It will succeed.'• for despair. Il!F fact, he might well have in- change domestic Jaw. At present, it is by 8008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE April 13 no means certain that an American citizen space. In the field of military missiles, how­ through an aroused citizenry that any­ harmed by an American space vehicle could ever, there are two matters , that deserve thing effective can or will be done to stop recover damages in an action against the special mention: defense against the ICBM the paralysis of inflation from engulfing Government. and the Polaris program. Another problem is the allocation of radio An adequate means of defense against and paralyzing the economy of our Na­ frequencies for space use. Frequencies have ICBM's has not yet been developed. We tion. been used in violation of treaty provisions, should not rest until it has been perfected. This is an election year and matters and transmissions have continued, inter­ Polaris is not just another missile system. of such great concern to the people will, fering with normal communications, long It is a different kind of weapon-an almost during the coming campaign1 be dis­ after their purpose had been served. Look­ invulnerable means of inevitable retaliation, cussed openly and vigorously. It is well ing to the 'future, we can see a coming "war" if it can be made ready in time. The Min­ that this be done. I,. as a Democratic of the radio frequency spectrum. In effect, uteman, wit~ mobility made possible by ·Member of this body, place the blame for the spectrum is a scarce natural resource, trucks and rail transportation, has a finite already overloaded, which will be required ability to land nuclear warheads at the end the inflation that already exists and for to carry more and more traffic. The growing of an 8,000-mile range, doubtless within a th~t which may come upon our Republi­ overload wlll come not only from military mile of its 'target, as the Russians claim can leadership. We had little or no infla­ but from scientific and commercial use. for themselves. tion during the Korean war and after Rapid communications will be needed among To close the missile gap by matching the World War II because President Truman an increasing number of points for produc­ U.S.S.R. missile for missile would be costly, and the Democratic leadership inaugu­ tion, transportation, and other economic protracted, and perhaps unprofitable at this rated steps to prevent it. When theRe­ activities. In outer space, unless agreement time; to leap it with Polaris and Minute­ publicans took office in 1952, they virtu­ is reached on frequency allocations, the in­ man could transform our whole strategic formation acqUired by difficult and costly situation. To develop Nike-Zeus as a sure, ally invited inflation and are continuing experiments may well be lost. effective means of stopping nuclear war­ today the very policies that have caused To give another example, scientists are heads launched from 8,000 miles away would the inflation that presently exists. The beseeching their governments to help in give us in America the possibility of re- Republicans refused to take steps to keeping space clean. At the first interna­ . turning to a posture of composure which have the Federal Reserve bank support tional meeting on space science, held at is badly needed. the bond market of the Treasury Depart­ Nice in January of this year, great con­ Second, emphasize large rocket boosters ment. The Federal Reserve bank then cern was expressed over the dangers of con­ and high-energy upper stages, 'including the taminating other planets with living organ­ possibilities of nuclear and ion propulsion. went on strike against the Government isms from the earth and of contaminating Third, improve the management of our of the United States and refused to buy the earth if space vehicles return from other military and civilian space programs. I the 2%-percent bonds which the Gov­ planets. In H. G. Wells' novel, "War of the will not try to predict what precis~ form of ernment was issuing to finance its public Worlds," man himself could not overcome organization will finally emerge. There is debt. During the Democratic adminis­ the invaders from Mars, but man's diseases a crying need, however, for comprehensive tration, steps were taken ·to force the did. The dangers of interplanetary con­ long-range planning, clear lines of authority, Federal Reserve bank to support the tamination are far-reaching and not at all vigorous leadership, and continuity of effort. Treasury Department. This resulted in fanciful. They are certainly a proper sub­ Finally, further emphasize basic and sup­ ject for space law. porting research !tnd scientific training-the the bond retaining the full value of 100 It is apparent that new international ac­ indispensable reservoir on which all our fu­ cents on the dollar and in interest re­ commodations will be necessary in the peace­ ture progress must depend. maining at 2% P-ercent on the public ful uses of outer space. Without trying to VIli. EPILOGUE debt. Private interest rates follow the make a complete list, we can see now that public interest rates and remain about conflicts may arise, unless an understanding In conclusion, I want to say that we are now crossing the threshold into a new and 2 percent above. It, therefore, resulted is reached, in a number o,f fields including in private interest rates ranging from 4 the extension of national sovereignt-y into expanding era of human development--the outer space, interference among space sys­ space age. It is perhaps the most interest­ to 5 percent., tems and rivalry on the moon and the ing and exciting age through which mankind When the Federal Reserve Bank went planets. has ever passed. · It is an age filled with tre­ on strike against the Treasury of the There is a more positive side to the novel mendous developments, discoveries, and United States, it forced the Secretary of forms of international cooperation which changes, the character of which we cannot the Treasury to o:ffer an increased rate are likely if not certain to develop as a re­ at this hour even predict. At the inception of this entirely new era, of · interest on the Government bonds. sult. It is true that the use of outer space This policy continued with the Federal may create new international problems and the Government must take the leadership tensions. We should not forget, however, in space. As time moves on and the age of Reserve Bank continuing to keep pres­ that it also increases the incentives and op­ space takes form and becomes more sharply sure on the Secretary of the Treasury portunities for nations to live together in focused, activity will tend to move from until they forced the interest rate on peace and harmony. ·complete Federal control and direction into the long term .bonds to the maximum the hands of private commerce and enter­ legal limit of 4% percent. This drove the I will not trespass any further on the prise. As it grows, space will become a domain of the space lawyers except to repeat human activity, felt in the channels of com­ private interest rate to approximately that their work and its practical applica­ merce, industry, and even in the normal and 6 percent and in some cases 7 percent. tions are of great concern to us all. In routine activities of everyday home life. We The President of the United States then order to benefit from the full fruits of space today are laying the basis for life in this new led the drive to secure for the bankers exploration, I believe, we must proceed at age. once to develop the principles of space law, of this country a further increase in the and try to reach early agreement on the sci­ interest rate; and has continued, to the . entific and commercial uses of space. present time, to put pressure on Con­ The Terrible Cost of lnftation gress to remove the 4% ·legal rate on VII. CONCLUSIONS long term Government bonds. To date, To me, the most hopeful omen of our future space progress is the growth of public EXTENSION OF REMARKS Congress has resisted this pressure but understanding and support. Two years ago, OF may possibly weaken before the end of there were many doubters. Today, most in­ this session. If Congress does weaken, formed people in this country seem con­ HON. GERALD T. FLYNN it will mean that the interest rate on vinced of the necessity for going ahead in OF WISCONSIN long-term Government bonds will in­ space at urgent speed. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES crease, I believe, to at least 6 percent. Let me suggest some definite steps that This would bring the private interest would enable us to make the best possible Wednesday, April13,1960 rate to 8 or 9 percent. The result of the effort. My suggestions will not be startling. Mr. FLYNN. Mr. Speaker, ~erican In fact, I believe that each of these steps present interest increase is that the in­ is self-evident and that most of you will citizens and constituents in all of our terest on the public, private, corporate, find yourselves in agreement that each districts are sincerely and vitally con­ and municipal debt has increased by should be taken. cerned about the effect that inflation approximately $15 billion per year. First, recognize that we are engaged in a will have and is haVing upon our country, These are all inflationary dollars, since long-run space race with the U.S.S.R., and our economy and the value of the prop­ neither the Government nor the people make up our minds to compete. erty which American citizens own. It is receive anything in return, either in the I am. speaking, of course, about the scien­ well that the people of this country way of service or commodities for the tific and peaceful investigation of outer should be aroused, because it is only additional interest that is paid. Infla- 1960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 8009 · tion is also brought about by constant from slightly over $2 billion per year Whereas during the last decade the value - wage increases where employers pay when they took over in 1952 to better of the U.S. dollar has been reduced. more more for the same productivity, and no than $7 billion per year at the present than half; and Whereas if this trend continues it will seri­ one denies that wage increases have had time. They removed the local commit­ ously a1fect our economy, destroy our posi­ an inflationary effect. The Government, tee jobs that were handled gratis by tion as a leader in world affairs, aid RUSSia's however, and the Republican Party at­ local committeemen on an honorary basis avowed intention to destroy us as a democ­ tempts to deny that the interest increase and replaced them with an army of bu­ racy, and may even destroy the form of gov­ has had a deflationary effect. They are reaucrats drawing from $5,000 to $10,000 ernment under which we now live; and wrong. The Republicans issue news re­ per year each. They have failed to im­ Whereas such inflationary trend has al­ leases to the paper viewing with alarm prove the farm situation, but they are ready wreaked ha-voc upon many of our citi­ zens who depend upon fixed incomes such .as the inflationary trend, and then inaug­ spending $5 billion inflationary dollars pensions and other like means of income, and urate interest increase which is the most each year more than was being spent has debilitated the savings of the older citi­ inflationary act that any government or under the Democratic administration zens who have frugally prepared for their old people could permit at a time such as when the farmers were receiving 100 per­ age and further inflation will wreak even fur­ we are living in. This same· party advo­ cent of parity for their produce. The ther havoc upon them; and cated the vault cash bill which gave Republican Party continues to engage in Whereas one of the causes of such inflation without consideration to the Federal Re­ diversionary tactics' to attempt to throw has been the Federal Government's policy of the blame for inflation upon the Demo­ refusing to· live within its income, borrow­ serve banks $15 billion worth of Ameri­ ing money for current expenses and increas­ can bonds, and then required the tax­ crats, while they yield to the big money ing the legal debt limit; and payers of America to repurchase these interest and the banking interest and Whereas during times of war it may be same bonds with further tax dollars to engage in consistent inflationary pro­ necessary for the Government to borrow in the tune of another $15 billion. This grams that injure the taxpayer and help order to meet extraordinary expenses, but to act also denies the U.S. Treasury the in­ only the banks. continue to do so in times of peace is against terest that it was receiving on the $15 I have recently received a communica- the rUles of sound economy and against our billion worth of bonds which it has au­ - tion from the St. Mark's Home and tradition as a nation; and thorized to be turned over to the Fed­ W~ereas our Government, by pursing a School Association which is located in policy of thrift and frugality can, we be­ eral Reserve bank without considera­ my district. Those who prepared this lieve, live within its income, balance its tion. I ask each Representative in Con­ resolution are sincere, honest, God-fear­ budget and ·reduce its indebtedness, and by gress if the people in your congressional ing Americans and who truly have at pursuing such a policy reduce the heavy district can afford to pay the taxes neces­ heart, the best interest and the welfare burden of taxes as well: Now, therefore, we sary to repurchase the $15 billion in of this country and its people. They are do hereby bonds that the Republican Party wanted thinking of the future of their children Resolve, That we urge our elected Mem­ given without consideration to the Fed­ and of the American way of life and bers of the Congress of the United States to use their voices, i~uence, and votes to eral Reserve banks. I ask you if the they have good reason to be concerned. reduce waste and extravagance in Govern­ people in your congressional districts can I print at length the resolution received, ment, to cease borrowing additional mQZleys afford to pay the increased interest on as I believe that it testifies to the think­ with which to meet current expenses, to/work the private and public debt to the tune ings and feelings of the average Ameri­ for a balanced budget, and to refuse fll!.ther of $15 billion per year that the Republi­ can citizen in this country today: raises in the debt limit except in cases &! extreme emergency. · can policy has brought about as a result RESOLUTION OF ST. MARK'S HOME AND SCHOOL Dated ~t Kenosha, Wis., this 21st day of of their permitting the Federal Reserve AsSOCIATION bank to strike against the Treasury of March A.D. 1960. Whereas for nearly two decades, and par- · Mrs. LAWRENCE RUETZ, the United States. ticularly following World War ll, the United President. I point out, too, that Republican ad­ States has experienced a sharp inflation of its Attest: ministration increased the cost of op­ currency, which inflation is still continuing; Mrs. EDWARD W. JEANNAT, erating the Department of Agriculture and Secretary ..

Beneath the cross of Jesus, help us to to certain nonresident alien employees or SENATE write this redeeming truth upon our own their beneficiaries; lives. Amen. H.R. 3676. An act to direct the Secretary THURSDAY, APRIL 14,1960 of the Interior .to convey certain lands to the . city of Tillamook, Oreg.; The Senate met at 12 o'clock meridian, THE JOURNAL H.R. 6155. An act to amend the Internal and was caiied to order by the Vice Presi­ Revenue Code of 1954 to exempt from taxa­ dent. On request of 'Mr. MANSFIELD, and by tion certain nonprofit corporations or asso­ unanimous consent, the reading of the ciations organized after August 31, 1951; The Chaplain, Rev. Frederick Brown H.R. 6785. An act to amend section 4071 Harris, Jow'nal of the proceedings of Monday, D.D., offered the foiiowing April 11, 1960, was dispensed with. of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 so as prayer: to fix a tax of 1 cent per pound on certain laminated tires produced from used tires; Our Father, God, in these holy days H.R. 8649. An act to make permanent the when we observe the passion even unto MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE RE­ existing suspensions of the tax on the first death of the one Thou didst send to CEIVED DURING ADJOURNMENT­ domestic processing of coconut oil, palm oil, reveal Thy love which will not let us go, ENROLLED BILLS AND JOINT palm-kernel oil, and f atty acids, salts, com­ forgive us that too often we call our­ RESOLUTION SIGNED binations, or mixtures thereof; and selves by His name, and then measw·e H.R. 9737. An act to amend the act of Under authority of the order of the March 3, 1901, to eliminate_the requirement success in material terms which He Senate of Monday, Aprilll, 1960, that certain District of Columbia corpora­ would scorn. In the light of this Holy The Secretary of the Senate received tions be managed by trustees the majority of Week, save us from the supreme folly of the following messages from the House whom are citizens of the District of Colum­ making money and security the goals of of Representatives: bia. personal living and of national existence. On April12, 1960: On April 13, 1960: Grant us the grace to rekindle the That the Speaker had affixed his sig­ That the Speaker had affixed his sig­ candles of devotion and sacrifice upon nature to the following enroiied bills: nature to the following enrolled bills the inner altar of our hearts. s. 594. An act for the relief of Lione Tar- and joint resolution: For all through life we see a cross pinian; · H.R. 529. An act to discharge more effec­ s. 1241. An act for the relief of Sirvart tively obligations of the United States under Where sons of God give up their Kasabian; certain conventions and protocols relating to breath. H.R. 135. An act to amend the Internal the institution o! controls over the manu­ There is no gain, except by loss; Revenue Code of 1954 to exclude from gross facture of narcotic drugs, and for other There is no life, except by death. income amounts paid by the United States purposes;