Flood of December 25, 1987, in Millington, Tennessee and Vicinity
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
WATER-RE SOURCES INVESTIGATIONS DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Prepared in cooperation with REPORT 89-4019 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SHELBY COUNTY (SHEET 1 OF 2) 90*10' 90*00' 89°50' 89*40' T INTRODUCTION FLOOD DAMAGES LOCATION MAP Intense rainfall on December 24-25, 1987, caused flooding in many areas of According to newspaper reports, about 2,000 people were forced from their 35" 30' West Tennessee. The area most seriously affected was in and around the city of homes by the floodwaters. About 230 houses, 186 mobile homes, 183 apartment units, Millington in northern Shelby County. As a result of the intense rainfall, Big Creek 10 businesses, and 1 public building were damaged by the flood. Also several auto and its tributaries overflowed their banks and inundated a large part of Millington, mobiles were flooded to dashboard depths. Flooding and flood damage scenes are * ^^ including residential, industrial, and adjacent farm areas. Flooding also occurred shown in figures 11-14. Computed 500-year flood profiles (F along the Loosahatchie River south of Millington. Emergency Management Agency, 198 Preliminary estimates of flood damages to structures and their contents, and Water surface for December 25, 1987 The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Shelby County, conducted an cleanup costs total about $9.2 million (Jim Reeder, Corps of Engineers, Memphis 35" 20' investigation of the flood on Big Creek and several of its tributaries in the Millington District, oral commun., 1988). Estimates have not yet been made for damage to roads, area and on Loosahatchie River south of Millington (fig. 1). The purposes of the study bridges, and flooded automobiles. were to: (1) define flood elevations, magnitudes, and frequencies; (2) delineate the areas inundated and depth of flooding in Millington; and (3) define water-surface profiles of the flood peak on the streams most affected. This report briefly describes the storm that produced the flooding and presents the results of these flood studies. The data presented in this report can provide a basis for flood-plain management SUMMARY 35"10' decisions by other Federal, State, and local managers and planners that could help 10 11 12 minimize damaging effects of future floods. Intense rainfall totaling 9.2 inches in a 12-hour period on December 24-25, STREAM DISTANCE, IN MILES UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH 1987, and 14.8 inches for the period December 23-27 caused record floods in Mil Figure 5. Water-surface profile for the December 25, 1987, flood lington, Tennessee and vicinity. The peak discharge of Big Creek at Raleigh- on Big Creek at Millington, Tennessee.__________ Millington Road was almost twice the discharge of the 100-year flood. The peak dis charge of North Fork Creek was about equal to the 100-year flood discharge and that 300 of Loosahatchie River near Arlington was about equal to the 75-year flood discharge. ACKNOWLEDGMENT 35°00' o 283 ui a 2*0 Documentation of the flood has been presented in the form of water-surface o 285 Acknowledgment is made to the National Weather Service at Memphis, Ten Ul (Photograph by Delores H. Wages, Millington. Tenn.) profiles, peak discharges and frequencies, and delineation of the flooded area. Tech 10 20 MILES EXPLANATION o nessee, and the United States Naval Air Station in Millington, Tennessee, for provid i 280 niques for the determination of flood depths in the inundated area are also presented. I ing rainfall data and to Fischer, Phillips, Arnold Engineering, Memphis, Tennessee, 10 20 KILOMETERS STUDY AREA for providing bench-mark elevations and some high-water-mark elevations for the O 270 flood. Navy personnel at the Naval Air Station also provided valuable assistance in Estimates of flood damage to structures and their contents and cleanup costs I-U. total about $9.2 million. Estimates have not been made for damage to roads, bridges, ___I_____ <O 2S5 defining the limits of flooding in that area, which is greatly appreciated. The support UJ§; 260 and cooperation provided by Mayor George R. Harvell, Jr., of the city of Millington and flooded automobiles. Figure 1.--Location of Big Creek and Loosahatchie River O< 255 is also gratefully acknowledged. mo Water surface Comparison of data for the December 25, 1987 flood with computed profiles in study areas, Shelby County, Tennessee. <_l 250 Figure 11. Flooded funeral home in Millington, Tennessee, December 1987. the 1980 flood insurance study indicates that an update of the flood insurance study 245 for Millington using data from the 1987 flood may be needed. 235 Streambed ADDITIONAL DATA O 230 91" 90* 89" 88" 87° 225 37° F 220 Additional information pertaining to floods on streams in the report area as Ul well as other areas of Tennessee can be obtained from the District Office of the U.S. 215 REFERENCES CITED 210 Geological Survey, A-413 Federal Building-U.S. Courthouse, Nashville, TN 37203. M I S S 0 U R 1.000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11.000 12.000 13,000 Benson, M.A., and Dalrymple, T., 1967, General field and office procedures for STREAM DISTANCE, IN FEET UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH indirect discharge measurements: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigation, book 3, chapter Al, 30 p. Figure 6. Water-surface profile for the December 25, 1987, flood Bodhaine, G.L., 1968, Measurement of peak discharge at culverts by indirect on Royster Creek at Millington, Tennessee. DESCRIFHON OF THE STORM methods: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water Resources Investiga 36° tions, book 3, chapter A3,60 p. 300 A stalled cold front across Middle Tennessee induced intense rainfall in the Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1980, Flood insurance study, City of Mil southwestern corner of Tennessee and eastern Arkansas during the period Decem Ul 290 lington, Tennessee: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 21 p., a ber 23-27,1987, with many areas receiving more than 10 inches of rain (fig. 2). The 5 profiles. S (3 city of Millington received a total of 14.8 inches of rainfall during this period, with 1985, Flood insurance study, Shelby County, Tennessee: Federal Emergency 280 11.8 inches occurring during the period December 24-25, and 9.2 inches occurring in Management Agency, v. 1 and 2: v. 1., 67 p.; v. 2,69 profiles. a 12-hour period from 6 p.m. on December 24 to 6 a.m. on December 25 (fig. 3). This Matthai, H.F., 1967, Measurement of peak discharge at width contractions by indirect 12 f=U- 270 12-hour total rainfall exceeded the 100-year, 12-hour duration storm total of about 7 methods: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investiga 35' <0 inches reported in U.S. Weather Bureau (now National Weather Service) Technical tions, book 3, chapter A4, 44 p. Paper no. 40. The Memphis Airport received a total of 9.0 inches for December 24-27, Randolph, W.J., and Gamble, C.R., 1976, Technique for estimating magnitude and SS 260 of which 6.9 inches was recorded on December 24-25. frequency at floods in Tennessee: Tennessee Department of Transportation, MISSISSIPPI mo 52 p. 4 250 Robbins, C.H., 1984, Synthesized flood frequency for small urban streams in Ten nessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4182, 24 p. 240 Modified from National Weather Service, z (Photograph by W.H. Doyle, U.S. Geological Survey) PEAK DISCHARGE AND FREQUENCY U.S. Department of Commerce, 1961, Rainfall frequency atlas of the United States: written communication.,1988 o U.S. Weather Bureau, Technical Paper no. 40,115 p. EXPLANATION 230 IUl The rate of discharge of a stream is the volume of water that passes a particular U.S. Water Resources Council, 1981, Guidelines for determining flood flow fre Ul location in a specific period of time, generally expressed in cubic feet per second. The quency: Washington, D.C., U.S. Water Resources Council Bulletin 17B, 183 p. 4 LINE OF EQUAL RAINFALL, IN INCHES, 220 discharge rates at selected-sites listed in table 1 are the instantaneous peak discharges FOR DECEMBER 23-27, 1987 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7.000 8,000 9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000 13,000 14,000 which generally occur at the maximum gage height, or elevation of the flood. Dashed where approximately STREAM DISTANCE, IN FEET UPSTREAM FROM MOUTH located The relation of peak discharges for floods to the probability of occurrence, or Figure 7. Water-surface profile for the December 25, 1987, flood Figure 2. -Total rainfall, 7 a.m. December 23 to 7 a.m. December 27, 1987. recurrence interval, is referred to as a flood-frequency relation. As applied to annual on North Fork Creek at Millington, Tennessee. Figure 12. Flood aftermath in Millington, Tennessee, December 1987. floods, the recurrence interval is the average interval of time between equal or greater 296 peak discharges. For example, a flood with a 100-year recurrence interval is expected O to be equaled or exceeded on the average, once in 100 years. As a probability, it has (A) Data furnished by the National {T 292 Weather Service ul a 1 in 100 chance of occurring in any given year and may even occur in consecutive O 288 years. o _, w 284 Peak discharges for North Fork Creek at U.S. Highway 51, and Big Creek at 3 O$2 280 Raleigh-Millington Road were computed from hydraulic characteristics and flood CONVERSION FACTORS <O 276 elevations after the flood had occurred (table 1).