Zahiruddin Muhammad Babur
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Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology
www.piet.co.in PANIPAT INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY APPROVED BY AICTE, NEW DELHI & AFFILIATED TO KURUKSHETRA UNIVERSITY, KURUKSHETRA KNOW YOUR CITY - PANIPAT Panipat is a city of ancient and historic importance in the state of Haryana, India. It is located on NH-1 (Now NH-44) and comes under the National Capital Region of Delhi. Panipat was one of the five cities (prasthas) founded by the Pandava brothers during the times of the Mahabharata, its historic name thus being Panduprastha. Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles which were the turning points of the Indian history. The First Kabuli Bagh Mosque Battle of Panipat was fought in 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi and Babur which led to the establishment of Mughal empire in India. The Kabuli Bagh Mosque and the adjacent majestic garden with an imposing tank is a symbol of the victory of Babur over Ibrahim Lodhi. More than a religious shrine, the place is better known as a historical monument. The Second Battle of Panipat was fought in 1556 between the thirteen years old Emperor, Akbar and Hemu, in which Akbar was led to victory by his general Bairam Khan. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Afghan king Ahmad Shah Abdali and the Marathas in which Ahmad Shah won decisively. ‘Kala Amb' is a memorial built in memory of the soldiers who died in the battlefield of Panipat. It is said that blood of the dead soldiers was mixed with the soil and the fruit of a mango tree became black in color and hence the name "Kala Amb," meaning "Black Mango." Salar Gunj Gate Panipat is also the proud nativity of famous Urdu shayar Maulana Hali. -
Chronicles of Rajputana: the Valour, Sacrifices and Uprightness of Rajputs
Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science Volume 9 ~ Issue 8 (2021)pp: 15-39 ISSN(Online):2321-9467 www.questjournals.org Research Paper Chronicles of Rajputana: the Valour, Sacrifices and uprightness of Rajputs Suman Lakhani ABSTRACT Many famous kings and emperors have ruled over Rajasthan. Rajasthan has seen the grandeur of the Rajputs, the gallantry of the Mughals, and the extravagance of Jat monarchs. None the less history of Rajasthan has been shaped and molded to fit one typical school of thought but it holds deep secrets and amazing stories of splendors of the past wrapped in various shades of mysteries stories. This paper is an attempt to try and unearth the mysteries of the land of princes. KEYWORDS: Rajput, Sesodias,Rajputana, Clans, Rana, Arabs, Akbar, Maratha Received 18 July, 2021; Revised: 01 August, 2021; Accepted 03 August, 2021 © The author(s) 2021. Published with open access at www.questjournals.org Chronicles of Rajputana: The Valour, Sacrifices and uprightness of Rajputs We are at a fork in the road in India that we have traveled for the past 150 years; and if we are to make true divination of the goal, whether on the right hand or the left, where our searching arrows are winged, nothing could be more useful to us than a close study of the character and history of those who have held supreme power over the country before us, - the waifs.(Sarkar: 1960) Only the Rajputs are discussed in this paper, which is based on Miss Gabrielle Festing's "From the Land of the Princes" and Colonel James Tod's "Annals of Rajasthan." Miss Festing's book does for Rajasthan's impassioned national traditions and dynastic records what Charles Kingsley and the Rev. -
Warsi 4171.Pdf
Warsi, Sahil K. (2015) Being and belonging in Delhi: Afghan individuals and communities in a global city. PhD thesis. SOAS University of London. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/22782/ Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this thesis, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", name of the School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination. Being and Belonging in Delhi: Afghan Individuals and Communities in a Global City Sahil K. Warsi Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD 2015 Department of Anthropology and Sociology SOAS, University of London 1 Declaration for SOAS PhD thesis I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for students of the SOAS, University of London concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or in part, by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. -
India Before Europe Catherine B
Cambridge University Press 0521005396 - India Before Europe Catherine B. Asher and Cynthia Talbot Frontmatter More information India Before Europe India is a land of enormous diversity. Cross-cultural influences are every- where in evidence, in the food people eat, the clothes they wear, and in the places they worship. This was ever the case, and at no time more so than in the India that existed from 1200 to 1750, before the European intervention. In this absorbing and richly illustrated book, the authors take the reader on a journey across the political, economic, religious, and cultural landscapes of medieval India from the Ghurid conquests and the Delhi Sultanate, through the rise and fall of the southern kingdom of Vijayanagara, to the peripheries of empire and, finally, to the great court of the Mughals. This was a time of conquest and consolidation, when Muslims and Hindus came together to create a culture, an architecture, and a tradition which was uniquely their own and which still resonates in today’s India. As the first survey of its kind in over a decade, the book is a tour de force. It is fluently composed, with a cast of characters which will educate and entertain students and general readers alike. catherine b. asher is Associate Professor in the Department of Art History at the University of Minnesota. Her previous publications include Architecture of Mughal India (1992) and, as editor with Thomas R. Metcalf, Perceptions of South Asia’s Visual Past (1994). cynthia talbot is Associate Professor of History and Asian Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. -
The Mughal Empire 14
UNIT The Mughal Empire 14 Learning Objectives To acquaint oneself with Foundation of Mughal rule in India Humayun’s inability to sustain his rule leading to the establishment of Sur dynasty under Sher Shah Sher Shah’s administrative reforms Consolidation of Mughal rule during the reign of Akbar Akbar’s Religious and Rajput policy Significance of Jahangir’s rule Shah Jahan’s contribution to art and architecture Aurangzeb’s military conquests and his ruinous Rajput and Deccan policies and his wars against the Marathas India during Mughal rule: Development of literature, painting, music, architecture; Bhakti Movement, Sufism Sikhism, spread of Christianity and Islam, trade, commerce, industry, science and technology Introduction Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb, known as the “Great Mughals”, left their mark on Indian India had been invaded from the west/ history. The empire declined after the death north-west several times over the centuries, of Aurangzeb in 1707. The empire formally beginning with Alexander. Various parts of ended a century and a half later, when power north India had been ruled by foreigners passed to the British crown after the great like the Indo-Greeks, Sakas, Kushans and revolt of 1857. Afghans. The Mughals, descended from the Mongol Chengiz Khan and the Turk Timur, At the height of its power the founded an empire in India which lasted for Mughal empire stretched from Afghanistan to more than three centuries. But we remember Bengal and from Kashmir down to the Tamil them not as rulers of foreign origin, but as region in the south. Mughal rule created a an indigenous, Indian dynasty. -
7 Battles of Mughal Army
Battles of Mughal Army Module - II Military History of Medieval India 7 BATTLES OF MUGHAL ARMY Note In the previous lesson, you studied the factors that encouraged Babur to invade India, composition of the Mughal Army and their war equipment and weapons. You also learnt that the Mughal artillery was a new weapon of war and terrifying to the enemies. The gunpowder played a vital role in winning battles and in the establishment and expansion of the Mughal empire. In this lesson, you will study the three important battles fought by Babur which laid a solid foundation of the Mughal rule in India. Panipat (a town in Haryana) has been described as the pivot of Indian history for 300 years. And its story begins in the first great battle that took place in 1526. The victory at Panipat, significant as it was, did not allow Babur the luxury to sit back and savour the moment for long. For there were other enemies such as that of Rana Sanga, the powerful ruler of Mewar to be subdued in land called Hindustan. After capturing Delhi, Babur lived for only four more years. His son Humayun and grandson Akbar continued the consolidation of Mughal power after his death. Although Mughal influence reached its political peak during Akbar's time, the foundation was laid by Akbar's grandfather. Objectives After studing this lesson you will be able to: explain the first battle of Panipat and battle field tactics of the Mughals and discuss the power-struggle that existed during the early years of the Mughal Dynasty. -
Indian Archaeology 1959-60 a Review
INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1959-60 —A REVIEW EDITED BY A. GHOSH Director General of Archaeology in India PUBLISHED BY THE DIRECTOR GENERAL ARCHAEOLOGY SURVEY OF INDIA JANPATH, NEW DELHI 1996 First edition 1960 Reprint 1996 1996 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Price :Rs. 320.00 PRINTED AT BENGAL OFFSET WORKS, 335, KHAJOOR RAOD, NEW DELHI – 110005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The present number of Indian Archaeology—A Review incorporates, as did the previous numbers, all the available information on the varied activities in the field of archaeology in the country during the preceding official year. My grateful thanks are due to all—heads of the archaeological organizations in States and Universities, of Museums and of Research Institutes, my colleagues in the Union Department of Archaeology and a few individuals—who supplied the material embodied in the following pages. I also thank those colleagues of mine who helped me in editing the Review and in seeing it through the press. Considerations of space and others factors do not always permit the printing of the reports in the form in which they are received. All care has been taken to see that the essential facts and views contained in these reports are not affected in the process of abridging, and in some cases rewriting, them; this ensures that the responsibility for the facts and their interpretation remains with those who supplied them. Nevertheless, editorial slips may have crept in here and there in spite of my endeavours to avoid them. For such slips I express my regret. New Delhi : The 11th October 1960 A. -
Role of Persians at the Mughal Court: a Historical
ROLE OF PERSIANS AT THE MUGHAL COURT: A HISTORICAL STUDY, DURING 1526 A.D. TO 1707 A.D. PH.D THESIS SUBMITTED BY, MUHAMMAD ZIAUDDIN SUPERVISOR: PROF. DR. MUNIR AHMED BALOCH IN THE AREA STUDY CENTRE FOR MIDDLE EAST & ARAB COUNTRIES UNIVERSITY OF BALOCHISTAN QUETTA, PAKISTAN. FOR THE FULFILMENT OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY 2005 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATE I, Muhammad Ziauddin, do solemnly declare that the Research Work Titled “Role of Persians at the Mughal Court: A Historical Study During 1526 A.D to 1707 A.D” is hereby submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy and it has not been submitted elsewhere for any Degree. The said research work was carried out by the undersigned under the guidance of Prof. Dr. Munir Ahmed Baloch, Director, Area Study Centre for Middle East & Arab Countries, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan. Muhammad Ziauddin CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Mr. Muhammad Ziauddin has worked under my supervision for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. His research work is original. He fulfills all the requirements to submit the accompanying thesis for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Prof. Dr. Munir Ahmed Research Supervisor & Director Area Study Centre For Middle East & Arab Countries University of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan. Prof. Dr. Mansur Akbar Kundi Dean Faculty of State Sciences University of Balochistan Quetta, Pakistan. d DEDICATED TO THE UNFORGETABLE MEMORIES OF LATE PROF. MUHAMMAD ASLAM BALOCH OF HISTORY DEPARTMENT UNIVERSITY OF BALOCHISTAN, QUETTA PAKISTAN e ACKNOWLEDGMENT First of all I must thank to Almighty Allah, who is so merciful and beneficent to all of us, and without His will we can not do anything; it is He who guide us to the right path, and give us sufficient knowledge and strength to perform our assigned duties. -
Government of India Ministry of Culture Lok Sabha Unstarred Question No
1 GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 97 TO BE ANSWERED ON 25.4.2016 VAISAKHA 5, 1938 (SAKA) NATIONAL HERITAGE STATUS 97. SHRI B.V.NAIK; SHRI ARJUN LAL MEENA; SHRI P. KUMAR: Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) whether the Government has finalized its proposal for sending its entry for world heritage status long with the criteria to select entry for world heritage site status; (b) if so, the details thereof along with the names of temples, churches, mosques and monuments 2Iected and declared as national heritage in various States of the country, State-wise; (c) whether the Government has ignored Delhi as its official entry to UNESCO and if so, the details thereof and the reasons therefor; (d) whether, some sites selected for UNESCO entry are under repair and renovation; (e) if so, the details thereof and the funds sanctioned by the Government in this regard so far, ate-wise; and (f) the action plan of the Government to attract more tourists to these sites. ANSWER MINISTER OF STATE, CULTURE AND TOURISM (INDEPENDENT CHARGE) AND MINISTER OF STATE, CIVIL AVIATION (DR. MAHESH SHARMA) (a) Yes madam. Government has finalized and submitted the proposal for “Historic City of Ahmedabad” as the entry in the cultural category of the World Heritage List for calendar year 2016-17. The proposal was submitted under cultural category under criteria II, V and VI (list of criteria in Annexure I) (b) For the proposal submitted related to Historic City of Ahmedabad submitted this year, list of nationally important monuments and those listed by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation are given in Annexure II. -
The Great Mughal Emperors
International Journal of Applied Research 2018; 4(11): 212-217 ISSN Print: 2394-7500 ISSN Online: 2394-5869 The great Mughal emperors: A brief account of Impact Factor: 5.2 IJAR 2018; 4(11): 212-217 history and achievements www.allresearchjournal.com Received: 07-09-2018 Accepted: 08-10-2018 Dr. Rahul Maurya Dr. Rahul Maurya PhD, National Museum Abstract Institute, New Delhi, India Many dynasties ruled in India in medieval period, but Mughals were magnificent in all of them and his Empire is considered one of the classic periods of India's long and legendry history. This powerful dynasty holds up the same value in medieval history like Safavids and Ottoman dynasty. Babur, the ruler of Fargana was founder of Mughal Empire in India. His life was full of struggling and disturbance. Even he captured Samarqand for two times but could not stay there for more than hundred days and he lost his native land too. But he never bowed in front of the circumstances nor did he give up. He stood up again to change his destiny with his limited source and this time his eye was on Hindustan. The victory over Kabul set the plot to conquer the Hindustan. He attacked on Hindustan and finally captured on 21 April, 1526 A.D. after defeating Ibrahim, the Lodi king at the first battle of Panipat. This remarkable victory opened the door of immense possibilities for him and his successors. But after his death, his son Emperor Humayun had lost his Empire after defeating by Sher Shah, the great Emperor of Sur dynasty in 1540 A.D. -
D E P a Rtm E N T O F D Ista N C E Ed U C a Tio N Pu N Ja B I U N Ive Rsity
Department of Distance Education Punjabi University, Patiala (All Copyrights are Reserved) 2.8 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.1 Nos Lesson (SEMESTER-II) I PART- B.A. Note : Note UNIT UNIT NO. : 2 : : : : departments website www.dccpbi.com website departments the from syllabus the download can Students : : : : Sher Shah Suri and His- Administration His- and Suri Shah Sher Babur under Empire Mughal of Establishment : Mughals the under Life Economic and Social Systems Mansabdari and Revenue Land Administra Judicial and Mughals the of Provincial Central, Administration and Conquests His : Shivaji Mughals the of Policy Religious Mughals the of Policy Rajput HISTORY OF INDIA : 1000-1707 A.D. 1000-1707 : INDIA OF HISTORY HISTORY-PAPER- B HISTORY-PAPER- tion B.A. PART -I HISTORY - PAPER B (SEMESTER-II) (HISTORY OF INDIA 1000-1707 A.D.) LESSON NO. 2.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE MUGHAL EMPIRE UNDER BABUR Birth and Dynasty : With the coming of Babur, a new era of political power, religious tolerance, culture, civilization, administration and development of literatrue begins in the history of India, Babur was born on 14th Febraury, 1483. His father's name was Umar Sheikh Mirza and his mother's Qutlus Nigar Khanum. His parents were the residents of the fertile state of Ferghana. This state was surounded with mountains on three sides. Some historians are of the opinion that the word 'Babur' was Arabic word 'Babar'. But Vincent Smith says that Turkish word 'Babur' and Arabic word 'Babbar' are not the same. According to Smith, its meannig is lion (Tigris Regalis). -
ANSWERED ON:06.09.2007 CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS in HARYANA Jindal Shri Naveen
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA CULTURE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO:3324 ANSWERED ON:06.09.2007 CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN HARYANA Jindal Shri Naveen Will the Minister of CULTURE be pleased to state: (a) the details of Centrally protected monuments in Haryana; (b) the amount spent on their upkeep during the last three years; (c) whether it is proposed to include some more monuments in Haryana in the list of Centrally protected monuments; (d) if so, the details thereof; and (e) the revenue earned from these monuments during the last three years? Answer MINISTER OF THE STATE IN THE MINISTRY OF TOURISM AND CULTURE (SHRIMATI AMBIKA SONI) (a) There are ninety centrally protected monuments/sites in Haryana as per list at Annexure. (b) The expenditure incurred on conservation, preservation, maintenance and environmental development of these centrally protected monuments during the last three years is as under: Year Amount 2004-05 Rs. 166.49 lakhs 2005-06 Rs. 193.71 lakhs 2006-07 Rs. 342.16 lakhs (c)&(d) There is no such proposal at present. (e) The revenue earned from these monuments during the last three years are as under: Rupees in lakhs Year Revenue from Revenue from Total 2 Ticketed other sources Monuments 2004-05 03.89 0.30 04.19 2005-06 04.30 0.15 04.45 2006-07 03.75 03.75 ANNEXURE ANNEXURE REFERRED TO IN REPLY TO PART (a) OF THE LOK SABHA UNSTARRED QUESTION NO. 3324 FOR 6.9.2007 LIST OF CENTRALLY PROTECTED MONUMENTS IN HARYANA Sl.N Name of the monument / site LOCALITY DISTRICT 1 Kos Minar Ambala Ambala 2 Ancient site Naurangabad Bhiwani 3 Kos Minar No.