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Report on the Monitoring of Radionuclides in Fishery Products (March 2011 - March 2014)

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Report on the Monitoring of Radionuclides in Fishery Products (March 2011 - March 2014) Report on the Monitoring of Radionuclides in Fishery Products (March 2011 - March 2014) May 2014 Fisheries Agency of Japan Table of Contents Overview……………………………………………………………………………………………... 7 The Purpose of this Report……………………………………………………………………….. 8 Part One. Efforts to Guarantee the Safety of Fishery Products…………………………………..... 10 Chapter 1. Monitoring of Radioactive Materials in Food; Restrictions on Distribution and Other Countermeasures……………………………………………………………………… 10 1-1-1 Standard Limits for Radioactive Materials in Food……………………………… 10 1-1-2 Methods of Testing for Radioactive Materials…………………………………… 11 1-1-3 Inspections of Fishery Products for Radioactive Materials………………………. 12 1-1-4 Restrictions and Suspensions on Distribution and Shipping…………………….. 13 1-1-5 Cancellation of Restrictions on Shipping and Distribution………………………. 15 Column 1 Calculation of the Limit……………………………………………………… 19 Column 2 Survey of Radiation Dose from Radionuclides in Foods……………... 20 Column 3 Example of a Local Government Monitoring Plan…………………………... 21 Chapter 2. Results of Radioactive Cesium Inspections for Fishery Products…………………... 22 1-2-1 Inspection Results for Japanese Fishery Products (in total)………………………. 22 1-2-2 Inspection Results for Fukushima Prefecture Fishery Products (all)……………… 23 1-2-3 Inspection Results for Fishery Products(all) from Outside Fukushima Prefecture ……………………………………………………………………………............................ 26 1-2-4 Trends within Fish Species………………………………………………………… 29 1-2-5 Inspection Results for Different Fish Species in the Last Year…………………..... 38 1-2-6 Screening by Prefectural and Municipal Governments……………………………. 45 Chapter 3. Inspection for Radionuclides Other Than Radioactive Cesium……………………... 46 Part Two. The State of Radionuclides Released into the Environment…………………………..... 52 Chapter 1. The Movement of Radioactive Cesium Released into the Environment………….. 52 2-1-1 Intake and Excretion by Fish……………………………………………………... 52 2-1-2 Movement within the Environment………………………………………………. 53 Chapter 2. The Leakage of Contaminated Water into the Fukushima Daiichi NPS Port……… 55 2-2-1 The Impact of Contaminated Water Leakage and Countermeasures…………..... 55 Column 4. Quantity of Radioactive Materials Leaked into the Ocean (Est.)…………… 56 2-2-2 Concentrations of Radioactive Cesium in Fishery Products……………………... 57 2 2-2-2(1) Comparison of Cesium Concentrations in Fishery Products: Just after the accident and Most recent period…………………………………………...... 57 2-2-2(2) Comparison of Before and After the Leakage of Contaminated Water……... 60 2-2-2(3) Summary……………………………………………………………………. 62 Chapter 3. Monitoring of Radionuclides in the Ocean……………………………………….. 63 2-3-1 Results from Ocean Water Monitoring………………………………………….. 63 2-3-2 Results from Marine Soil Monitoring…………………………………………… 67 Part Three. Research on the Mechanism by which Radionuclides are Transferred to Fishery Products……………………………………………………………………………. 70 Chapter 1. Relationship with Prey Organisms and Ecology of Fish Species…………………. 70 3-1-1 Research on Radioactive Materials within Prey Organisms…………………….. 70 3-1-2 Research on Ecology of Fish Species and the Timing of Radionuclide Transfer… 72 3-1-3 Conclusion and Challenges………………………………………………………. 74 Chapter 2. Urgent Research on the Source of Contamination of Highly Contaminated Fish (Fat Greenling)……………………………………………………………………. 75 3-2-1 The Frequency of Appearance Highly Contaminated Fat Greenlings………….. 75 3-2-2 Determining the Time of Contamination through Autoradiography Experiment… 76 3-2-3 Study on the Migration Ecology and Habitat History of the Fat Greenling……… 76 3-2-4 The Estimate of Contamination Source by Contamination Model for the Fat Greenling Sample………………………………………………………………… 77 3-2-5 Conclusion and Challenges………………………………………………………. 78 Part Four. Efforts to Sweep Away Unfounded Reputational Damages and Misinformation Present Domestically and Overseas…………………………………………………................... 79 Chapter 1. Domestic Situation Regarding Unfounded Reputational Damages and Misinformation…………………………………………………………………...... 79 Chapter 2. Enhanced Provision/Dissemination of Information, Domestically and Internationally……………………………………………………………………… 80 Chapter 3. Response to International Issues…………………………………………………… 83 4-3-1 Response to Import Restrictions Imposed by Foreign Countries………………… 83 4-3-2 IAEA Evaluation of Food Monitoring……………………………………………. 87 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………… 88 References …………………………………………………………………………………………… 89 Appendix Table Inspection Results for Radioactive Cesium Concentrations in Fishery Products (March 2011 – March 2014) 3 Tables Table 1 From the Guidelines: Target Products and Frequency of Inspections (Marine Fish) (Revised on March 20, 2014) …………………………………….. 18 Table 2 Screening test by Prefectural and Municipal Governments…………………. 45 Table 3 Inspection Results for Radioactive Strontium in Fishery Products…………. 48 Table 4 No.10 Calculation of effective dose in rockfish………………………………… 51 Table 5 No.11 Calculation of effective dose in Ishikawa icefish………………………. 51 Table 6 Comparison of Radioactive Cesium in Fishery Products Between Two Periods…………………………………………………………………………………. 59 Table 7 Comparison of Radioactive Cesium in Fishery Products Between Two Periods (Results of statistical test)……………………………………………… 59 Table 8 Comparison of Radioactive Cesium Concentrations Before and After the Contaminated Water Leakage Controversy…………………………………….. 61 Table 9 Comparison of Radioactive Cesium Concentrations Before and After the Controversy over the Leakage of Contaminated Water (Results of statistical test)………………………………………………………………………... 62 Table 10 Import Regulations Imposed by Major Countries against Japanese Fishery Products (as of April 1, 2014) ……………………………………………………… 84 Figures Figure 1. The Fishery Products Monitoring Framework……………………………….... 13 Figure 2 Process of the Enactment and Cancellation of Restrictions and Suspensions on Shipping and Distribution…………………………………….. 14 Figure 3 Relationships Between the Various Government Organizations…………… 15 Figure 4 The Cancellation of Restrictions on the Olive flounder, Miyagi Prefecture [11]…………………………………………………………………………………… 16 Figure 5 The Cancellation of Restrictions on the Pacific Cod, Aomori Prefecture [12]……………………………………………………………………………………. 16 Figure 6 The State of Distribution Restrictions and Suspensions in Japan (as of May 14, 2014) ………………………………………………………………. 17 Figure 7 Nationwide Fishery Products Inspection Results (Mar. 2011- Mar. 2014)…………………………………………………………………………………. 23 Figure 8 Nationwide Fishery Products Inspection Results (by fiscal year) …………. 23 Figure 9 Inspection Results for Fukushima Prefecture Fishery Products (all) (>100 Bq/kg readings, by 3-month periods) ……………………………………………. 24 Figure 10 Inspection Results for Fukushima Prefecture Fishery Products (by fiscal year) ………………………………………………………………………………..... 25 Figure 11 Inspection Results for Fukushima Prefecture Marine Fish Species (>100 Bq/kg readings, by 3-month periods)……………………………………………. 25 4 Figure 12 Inspection Results for Fukushima Prefecture Marine Fish Species (by fiscal year)………………………………………………………………………….. 26 Figure 13 Inspection Results for Fukushima Prefecture Freshwater Species (>100 Bq/kg readings, by 3-month periods)…………………………………………… 26 Figure 14 Inspection Results for Fukushima Prefecture Freshwater Species (by fiscal year)…………………………………………………………………………. 26 Figure 15 Inspection Results for Non-Fukushima Fishery Products (>100 Bq/kg readings, by 3-month periods)…………………………………… 27 Figure 16 Inspection Results for Non-Fukushima Fishery Products (by fiscal year) 27 Figure 17 Inspection Results for Non-Fukushima Marine Fish Species (>100 Bq/kg readings, by 3-month periods)…………………………………………………... 28 Figure 18 Inspection Results for Non-Fukushima Marine Fish Species (by fiscal year)………………………………………………………………………………... 28 Figure 19 Inspection Results for Non-Fukushima Freshwater Fish Species (>100 Bq/kg readings, by 3-month periods)………………………………………….. 28 Figure 20 Inspection Results for Non-Fukushima Freshwater Fish Species (by fiscal year)………………………………………………………………………….. 29 Figure 21 Inspection Results for Surface-level Fish, Migratory Fish, Squid and Octopus …………………………………………………………………………….. 30 Figure 22 Nationwide Inspection Results for Surface-level Fish （Japanese sandlance, whitebait (juvenile anchovy)）……………………………………… 30 Figure 23 Nationwide Inspection Results for Mid-depth Fish （chub mackerel, southern mackerel）……………………………………………………………..... 31 Figure 24 Inspection Results for Crabs, Shrimps, Shellfish, and Seaweed ………… 31 Figure 25 Nationwide Inspection Results for Shellfish (Japanese littleneck clam, Common orient clam, surf clam and oysters) ……………………………….. 32 Figure 26 Inspection Results for Bottom Fish, Freshwater Fish (wild) …………….. 32 Figure 27 Inspection Results for the Marbled flounder and Stone flounder………... 33 Figure 28 Inspection Results for the Olive Flounder…………………………………… 34 Figure 29 Nationwide Inspection Results for the Pacific cod…………………………. 34 Figure 30 Nationwide Inspection Results for the Alaska pollock…………………….. 35 Figure 31 Nationwide Inspection Results for the Red seabream…………………….. 35 Figure 32 Nationwide Inspection Results for the Rockfish Family (Goldeye rockfish, Rockfish, Fox jacopever)……………………………………………. 36 Figure 33 Fukushima Prefecture Inspection Results for the Whitespotted Char (wild) and Land-locked Salmon (wild) ………………………………………… 37 Figure 34 Inspection Results for Various Fish Species (April 2013 to March 31, 2014) ……………………………………………………………………………… 38 Figure 35 Sampling
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