DOCSLIB.ORG

An Arabic Harga in an Anonymous Hebrew Muw Aššaha

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Arabic Harga in an Anonymous Hebrew Muw Aššaha AN ARABIC HARGA IN AN ANONYMOUS HEBREW MUW AŠŠAHA Y. Schirmann's collection of anonymous Hebrew muwaššabät 1 is extremely important for the study of the entire field of strophic poetry in Al-Andalus, and particularly for the understanding of the development of the harga-element, i.e. the final verse-lines of the 17Juwaššaba with common rhymes.2 We know from Arabic sources 3 that the harga is considered a significant part of the muwaš šaba, inasmuch as it constitutes the "essence", literally and metrically, being, in Ibn Sana' al-Mulk's words, the seal, and at the same time the beginning, of the muwaššaba.44 There is reason to believe that these anonymous Hebrew muwaššabät 5 represent a link between the oral, unwritten stage of the strophic forms, which according to Ibn Bassam,6 were "invented" in Cabra in Al-Andalus, and the literary stage, which culminated in the llth and 12th centuries. In his various studies of Mozarabic lyrics, S. M. Stern has shown the close relationship between the Arabic and the Hebrew nzu2wallabdt through the art of "imitation", widely practised by the Jews, as well as by the Arabs themselves, during the period when strophic poetry had acquired literary status.7 Less, however, is known about the practice of imitation in the preceding 9th and 10th centuries. Through application of the "fixed terminology" patterns, suggested by S. M. Stern,8 as they appear in the barajit in the strophic poetry of both periods, a fuller understanding of the mucäratja technique as regards the baragit and of the "invention" of strophic poetry as a whole may be obtained. The following harga from Schirmann's collection, no. 167, is an interesting example of a type in which elements of Spanish, Arabic and Hebrew influences coincide. It is truly "Mozarabic" in tone, and reads: (in Schirmann's transcrip- . tion) 1 Y. Schirmann, New HebrewPoems fromthe Geniza, Jerusalem 1965. 2 simt, pl. asm�t. 3 Ibn Sana' al-Mulk, D�rat-Tir �z,Damascus 1949, p. 30 sq. 4 Ibid., p. 32. 5 Hebrew: Šir�'ezor. 6Ibn Bassam, al-Dahira fi mahasin ahl al-Gazira, Cairo 1942, vol. II, pp. 1-2. Ibn Hald�n, al-Muqaddima(ed. Quatremère), edn. publ. Lebanon 1970, vol. III, p. 390 sq. 7 S. M. Stern, Chansons Mozarabes, Oxford 1953; "Studies on Ibn Quzman", A/-Kndalus, 1951. 8 S. M. Stern, "Four famous MuwaŠŠah�tfrom Ibn BuŠra's Anthology", Al-Andalus, 1958, p. 356. 25 md (dd) iva md dd £ar3 li ( )bth fa muq dalili wa 'qitälï. The opening line complies with the barla rules as they are stipulated by Ibn Sana' al-Mulk.9 The speaker expresses inquietude, which is usually done in Romance haragdt through a question or sudden exclamation, rhetorically : "What is the matter with me, and what has happened to me?" The second line is puzzling as it stands, owing to the quality of the manuscript. We may, according to the "rules", expect one of two conventional themes: 1. Lament over separation from the beloved. 2. Allusion to a pungent theme or subject. (The possibility of its being a panegyric need not be considered in this case.) Y. Schirmann has refrained from attempting to restore the second line of the parga. By applying the above-mentioned fixed terminology from other parga patterns, the second theme, however, suggests itself. The following parga from an anony- mous Arabic muwaššaba belongs to a series of erotic haraidt, some of which S. M. Stern has referred to elsewhere i° : 11IabbÜbIkassar nahdajja 2vahabbal daljl7 lva yalza11l fIšafatayya (a11lda1-nakdli.11 The words nahd, dalal and šafa signify the breast, the locks and the lips of the girl, and 'awda 1-nakil may allude either to the physical subjugation or to the 12 inner affiction, 'amda being probably an error for 'inda and nakdl having the double signification of "torment" and "subjugation".13 This theme appears in an elaborated arrangement in a mtlwaš šaba by Ibn Labbana 14 and one by Abu Bakr Yahya al-Sayrafi.15 The almost identical phrasing in these two haragat points towards a written transmission. We have, moreover, two samples of a parga from the culmination of strophic poetry in the "literary stage", in a zagal by Ibn Quzmdn and a muwaššaba by Ibn Baqi.16 These two haragit correspond with the parga of the anonymous Hebrew muwaš šaba: 9 The harga is, preferably, pronounced by "a girl, a drunkard or a dove". D�r at-Tir�z, p. 30. See also E. Garcia Gomez, Toto Ben Quzman, Madrid 1972, II, p. 639; III, p. 231. 10 S. M. Stern, "Four famous MuwaŠŠah�t...", p. 356. 11 S. M. Stern, opp. cit., and 'Udda al-Galis. 12 'inda = "malgré", Dozy, Supplément. 13 S. M. Stern, "Four famous MuwaŠŠah�t...", p. 353. The twofold signification may be an intentional feature of the haragat, which other examples perhaps also suggest. 14 GaiŠ at-TawŠ�h;,Anthology no. 44. 15 ibid., no. 92. 16 Ibn Quzm�n, 1080-1160. Ibn Baqi, d. 1145. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the RING of the DOVE by IBN HAZAM
    THE RING OF THE DOVE By IBN HAZAM (994-1064) A TREATISE ON THE ART AND PRACTICE OF ARAB LOVE Translated by A.J. ARBERRY, LITT.D., F.B.A LUZAC & COMPANY, LTD. 46 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON, W.C. 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Preface Author's Preface Preliminary Excursus The Signs Of Love On Falling In Love While Asleep On Falling In Love Through A Description On Falling In Love At First Sight On Falling In Love After Long Association On Falling In Love With A Quality And Thereafter Not Approving Any Other Different Of Allusion By Words Of Hinting With The Eyes Of Correspondence Of The Messenger Of Concealing The Secret Of Divulging The Secret Of Compliance Of Opposition Of The Reproacher Of The Helpful Brother Of The Spy Of The Slanderer Of Union Of Breaking Off Of Fidelity Of Betrayal Of Separation Of Contentment Of Wasting Away Of Forgetting Of Death 1 Of The Vileness Of Sinning Of The Virtue Of Continence PREFACE THE Arabs carrying Islam westwards to the Atlantic Ocean first set foot on Spanish soil during July 710 the leader of the raid, which was to prove the forerunner of long Moslem occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, was named Tarif, and the promontory on which he landed commemorates his exploit by being called to this day Tarifa. The main invasion followed a year later; Tariq Ibn Ziyad, a Berber by birth, brought over from the African side of the narrows a comparatively small army which sufficed to overthrow Roderick the Visigoth and to supplant the Cross by the Crescent; he gave his name to that famous Rock of Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq, the Mountain of Tariq), which has been disputed by so many conquerors down the ages, and over which the British flag has fluttered since the early years of the eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Troubadour Poetry: an Intercultural Experience
    Troubadour Poetry: An Intercultural Experience By Said I. Abdelwahed Professor of English Literature English Department Faculty of Arts, Al-Azhar University Gaza - Palestine ABSTRACT: This is a reading of the intercultural experience of the medieval poetry known as the Troubadour poetry. It’s a study of the origin, meaning, music and structure of the lyric love poetry which appeared in medieval Spain, in the period from (3rd to 7th centuries A.H / 9th to 13th centuries AD), with special reference to the Muwwashah and the Kharja. It expanded to southern France, then to northern France. The early troubadour was a wondering singer or minstrel who traveled from place to place singing for gaining his living. But the French troubadours were mostly of noble birth that wrote and sang for the upper-class audience. The troubadours wrote their songs and poems of a metrical form mainly on themes of courtly love. Their poetry was influenced by Arabic poetry and it became a literary phenomenon that historians of Western literature and culture could not ignore. This paper highlights the primary role played by the Arabs in medieval poetry issues and it alludes to some salient elements of intercultural communication between the East and the West. INTRODUCTION: Generally speaking, scholars and historians of medieval Arabic literature divided the Arabic and Islamic culture and literature of medieval Spain into three major components. Scholars made divisions of that culture but Gerard Wiegers made the clearest division as follows: I. Works on religion (fiqh, tafsir, prayer books, pious miscellanies, religious polemics magic, popular medicine, and treatises).
    [Show full text]
  • Literatura Hispano-Árabe
    MARíA JESVS RUBIERA LITERATURA HISPANO-ÁRABE SEPARATA DE I-IISTORIA DE LAS LITERATURAS HISPANICAS NO CASTELLANAS planeada y coordinada por JOSÉ M.a DíEZ BORQUE, Madrid, Taurus Ediciones, 1980, pp. 139-176 MARÍA JESÚS RUBIERA LITERATURA HISPANO-ÁRABE l. PERÍODO DE FORMACIÓN: EL EMIRATO (SIGLOS VIII-X) Cuando los ejércitos musulmanes invaden la Península Ibérica en los albores del siglo VIII, la literatura arábiga aún no había alcanzado su edad de oro 1. La propia lengua árabe estaba siendo analizada minuciosa­ mente por los gramáticos de Cufa y Basora para intentar descifrar sus secretos, que eran también los del Corán, mientras los kuttiib o secre­ tarios intentaban dar fluidez a una prosa naciente para poder utilizarla al servicio de la administración, como había ordenado el califa ".Abd al-Malik (685-705) en sustitución del persa o del griego. Sólo la poesía ofrece una forma estructurada ya desde el siglo VI: la casida, largo poema monorrimo de métrica cuantitativa como la grecolatina 2 y que expresaba las vivencias del beduino preislámico a través de un lenguaje riquísimo que describía morosamente el mundo del pastor de camellos que era básicamente el hombre de la Península Arábiga: dunas, aguadas, vientos ardientes, aguaceros torrenciales, el desierto con su soledad, siempre propicia para los arranques violentos del ánimo, reflejados igualmente en la casida, cuyo carácter será siempre lírico, aunque relate la gesta de un pueblo o de un individuo. Es posible que algunos de los árabes invasores de Hispania (a la que ellos llamaron al-Andalus) supiesen estos poemas preislámicos o que 1 Sobre la literatura árabe en general hay una rica bibliografía en lenguas europeas.
    [Show full text]
  • Uva-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
    UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) Style and register in Arabic, Hebrew and Romance strophic poetry Schippers, A. Publication date 1991 Document Version Final published version Published in Poesía estrófica: actas del primer Congreso international sobre poesía estrófica árae y Hebrea y sus paralelos Romances (Madrid, diciembre de 1989) Link to publication Citation for published version (APA): Schippers, A. (1991). Style and register in Arabic, Hebrew and Romance strophic poetry. In F. Corriente, & A. Sáenz-Badillos (Eds.), Poesía estrófica: actas del primer Congreso international sobre poesía estrófica árae y Hebrea y sus paralelos Romances (Madrid, diciembre de 1989) (pp. 311-324). Facultad de Filología. General rights It is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), other than for strictly personal, individual use, unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Disclaimer/Complaints regulations If you believe that digital publication of certain material infringes any of your rights or (privacy) interests, please let the Library know, stating your reasons. In case of a legitimate complaint, the Library will make the material inaccessible and/or remove it from the website. Please Ask the Library: https://uba.uva.nl/en/contact, or a letter to: Library of the University of Amsterdam, Secretariat, Singel 425, 1012 WP Amsterdam, The Netherlands. You will be contacted as soon as possible. UvA-DARE is a service provided by the library of the University of Amsterdam (https://dare.uva.nl) Download date:04 Oct 2021 STYLE AND REGISTER IN ARABIC HEBREW AND ROMANCE STROPHIC POETRY ARIE SCHIPPERS University of Amsterdam In this paper I wish to deal with the typology of strophic Hebrew Andalusian and Arabic poetry in comparison with Romance poetry (the poetic genres of the Occitan troubadours, which had a large diffusion in the Iberian peninsula) on the basis of two aspects: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Troubadour Poetry: an Intercultural Experience
    Journal of Al Azhar University-Gaza 2004, Vol. 7, No. 1 P1 – 20 TROUBADOUR POETRY: AN INTERCULTURAL EXPERIENCE Said I. Abdelwahed Department of English, Faculty of Arts, Al-Azhar University – Gaza [email protected] P.O.Box 1110 Gaza ABSTRACT: This is a reading of the intercultural experience of the medieval poetry known as the Troubadour poetry. It’s a study of the origin, meaning, music and structure of the lyric love poetry which appeared in medieval Spain, in the period from (3rd to 7th centuries A.H / 9th to 13th centuries AD), with special reference to the Muwwashah and the Kharja. It expanded to southern France, then to northern France. The early troubadour was a wondering singer or minstrel who traveled from place to place singing for gaining his living. But the French troubadours were mostly of noble birth that wrote and sang for the upper-class audience. The troubadours wrote their songs and poems of a metrical form mainly on themes of courtly love. Their poetry was influenced by Arabic poetry and it became a literary phenomenon that historians of Western literature and culture could not ignore. This paper highlights the primary role played by the Arabs in medieval poetry issues and it alludes to some salient elements of intercultural communication between the East and the West. INTRODUCTION Generally speaking, scholars and historians of medieval Arabic literature divided the Arabic and Islamic culture and literature of medieval Spain into three major components. Scholars made divisions of that culture but Gerard Wiegers made the clearest division as follows: I.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Violence in Las Jarchas Stacey L
    University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well Faculty Working Papers Scholarship 2009 Sexual Violence in Las Jarchas Stacey L. Parker Aronson Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/fac_work Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, and the Spanish Literature Commons Recommended Citation Parker Aronson, Stacey L., "Sexual Violence in Las Jarchas" (2009). Faculty Working Papers. Paper 8. http://digitalcommons.morris.umn.edu/fac_work/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Scholarship at University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Working Papers by an authorized administrator of University of Minnesota Morris Digital Well. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Working Paper Series SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN LAS JARCHAS Stacey L. Parker Aronson Associate Professor of Spanish Faculty Center for Learning and Teaching Rodney A. Briggs Library Volume 4, Number 1 2009 Faculty Research University of Minnesota, Morris 600 East 4th Street Morris, MN 56267 Copyright © 2009 by original author(s). All rights reserved. Faculty Center for Learning and Teaching Engin Sungur, Director Linda Pederson, Executive Administrative Specialist Rodney A. Briggs Library LeAnn Dean, Director Peter Bremer, Reference Coordinator Matt Conner, Instruction Coordinator Steven Gross, Archivist Michele Lubbers, Digital Services Coordinator Shannon Shi, Cataloging Coordinator Working Paper Series Volume 4, Number 1 2009 Faculty Center for Learning and Teaching Rodney A. Briggs Library University of Minnesota, Morris This Working Paper Series allows the broader dissemination of the scholarship of the University of Minnesota-Morris Faculty, staff, and students.
    [Show full text]
  • The Muwashshahât^ and the Kharjas Tell Their Own Story
    THE MUWASHSHAHÂT^ AND THE KHARJAS TELL THEIR OWN STORY J. A. ABU-HAIDAR SOAS, London UU^I ¿f>TH,itl AL£. < yui ta,.>> i^i ^L>MAJLJI i^Jbu UjkSj Those with pretensions to eloquence, should know that it is I who taught the use of rhymed prose, saj ' (lit. cooing) to the doves Ibn Baqï Andalusi society had a predominance of slave women Ihsan Abbas Introduction It has always been my strong conviction that we have no norma­ tive treatise on the muwashshahât, and that the medieval literary his­ torians and anthologists who made their scanty comments on them were in the same boat with us, inasmuch as they had to draw their conclusions from the available texts (Abu-Haidar: 2001: 47). The only treatise we possess on the muwashshahât are the muwashshahât themselves, and what their authors chance to tell us about them and about their seemingly intriguing kharjas, in the process of composing them. In keeping with all this, I shall not rehearse here what contem­ porary or near-contemporary authorities have had to tell us about the muwashshahât, well-known authorities like Ibn Bassam (1069-1147), and Ibn Sana' al-Mulk (1155-1211). I shall only quote the muwashshahât themselves, and quote their composers in what they have to tell us about them. It could be that hearing the story from the horse's mouth in this way might help to eliminate the confusion and controversies which still attend the study of the muwashshahât and * The Arabic plural, muwashshahât, is used throughout this study to refer to the ge­ neric term, while the English plural muwashshahs, is used to refer to any number of sepa­ rate compositions.
    [Show full text]
  • Usep Mohamad Ishaq, Ph.D Publisher
    300 Title : Becoming Islamic Scientist (Menjadi Saintis Islam) Author : Usep Mohamad Ishaq, Ph.D Publisher : Indie Publishing, Depok, Indonesia Publishing Year : 2014 ISBN : 978-602-281-089-6 Pages : 209 Genre : Scientific Book Book review by : Shohib Khoiri, Lc., M.A. AUTHOR PROFILE Usep Mohamad Ishaq is the founder and director of PIMPIN (Institut Pemikiran Islam dan Pembangunan Insan or Institute for Islamic Thought and Human Development), and a lecturer at Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM) Bandung. Born in Bandung on April 11, 1976, Usep was graduated from: - Bachelor Degree in Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia - Master Program in Physics, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia - Doctoral Program in Philosophy, Center that are empirical and mathematical. Sometimes for Advanced Studies on Islam, Science they are even unable to distinguish science from and Civilization, Universiti Teknologi technology. More than that, the study of science Malaysia, Malaysia is diverted from its original purpose as an attempt to understand reality (truth), to serving Scientist and scholars have been discussing industry or fulfilling curiosity. This kind of the relationship between science and religion. phenomenon is more evident with the number of Various questions arise about this, such as “is scientists who have lost the meaning of scientific religion compatible with science or against it?” concepts, such as science, nature, verses, reality, or “is the Holy Book in line with or against truth, existence, humans, even God. The impact science?” The discussion and the discourse on of all this is the emergence of new problems as the relationship between the two are not from a result of misguided scientific studies.
    [Show full text]
  • 5345 Pannewick.Indd
    Pannewick Opfer, Tod und Liebe 55345345 PPannewick.inddannewick.indd 1 118.04.128.04.12 115:395:39 TRAJEKTE Eine Reihe des Zentrums für Literatur- und Kulturforschung Berlin Herausgegeben von Sigrid Weigel und Karlheinz Barck 55345345 PPannewick.inddannewick.indd 2 118.04.128.04.12 115:395:39 Friederike Pannewick Opfer, Tod und Liebe Visionen des Martyriums in der arabischen Literatur Wilhelm Fink 55345345 PPannewick.inddannewick.indd 3 118.04.128.04.12 115:395:39 Der Druck dieses Werkes wurde mit Mitteln des Centrums für Nah- und Mittelost-Studien (CNMS) der Philipps-Universität Marburg unterstützt Umschlagabbildung: Friederike Pannewick, Collage (unter Verwendung von Fotos von Dr. Atef Botros und Nadia Mounir) Bibliografi sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografi e; detaillierte bibliografi sche Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.d-nb.de abrufbar. Alle Rechte, auch die des auszugsweisen Nachdrucks, der fotomechanischen Wiedergabe und der Übersetzung, vorbehalten. Dies betrifft auch die Vervielfältigung und Übertragung einzelner Textabschnitte, Zeichnungen oder Bilder durch alle Verfahren wie Speicherung und Übertragung auf Papier, Transparente, Filme, Bänder, Platten und andere Medien, soweit es nicht §§ 53 und 54 UrhG ausdrücklich gestatten. © 2012 Wilhelm Fink Verlag, München (Wilhelm Fink GmbH & Co. Verlags-KG, Jühenplatz 1, D-33098 Paderborn) Internet: www.fi nk.de Einbandgestaltung: Evelyn Ziegler, München Printed in Germany. Herstellung: Ferdinand Schöningh GmbH & Co KG, Paderborn ISBN 978-3-7705-5345-7 55345345 PPannewick.inddannewick.indd 4 118.04.128.04.12 115:395:39 INHALT EINLEITUNG . 11 1. EINE KULTURANTHROPOLOGIE DES ISLAMISCHEN MÄRTYRERTODES. 25 Ôalab aš-šahÁda oder die Sucht nach dem Martyrium .
    [Show full text]
  • La Música, Los Instrumentos Y Las Danzas Andalusíes Y
    LA MÚSICA, LOS INSTRUMENTOS Y LAS DANZAS ANDALUSÍES Y MORISCAS EN LAS FUENTES ÁRABES Y CRISTIANAS (SS. IX-XVII) Manuela Cortés García Universidad de Granada Resumen La aparición durante las últimas décadas de nuevas fuentes documentales árabes en biblio- tecas públicas y privadas que aportan noticias sobre la música de al-Ándalus (ss. ix-xv) y los avances realizados en el campo de la investigación interdisciplinar nos permiten hoy forjar la historiografía de esta parte del patrimonio andalusí en el marco de la musicología medieval española. En este sentido, mi intervención se centrará en: a) destacar la importancia de la música y los instrumentos en la cultura andalusí; b) la pedagogía musical aplicada en las cortes más florecientes; c) tipologías de las danzas que se interpretaban en el ámbito corte- sano andalusí y el popular morisco, ante lo que nos ofrecen las fuentes textuales y artísticas. Palabras clave: danzas, interdisciplinariedad, moriscos, música andalusí, nawba, orga- nología, teóricos, tratados. ANDALUSIAN AND MOORISH MUSIC, INSTRUMENTS AND DANCES IN ARAB AND CHRISTIAN SOURCES (9th-17th CENTURIES) Abstract 147 The new Arabic documentary sources discovered over the last decades in public and private libraries have brought new information about the music in al-Ándalus (9th-15th). The advances made in the fields of interdisciplinary research allow us to forge the historiography of this part of the Andalusian heritage within the framework of Spanish medieval Musicology. In this sense, and in view of what textual and artistic sources offer us, our contribution will focus on emphasizing the following: a) the importance of music and instruments in the Andalusian culture; b) the musical pedagogy applied in the most flourishing courts; c) the typologies of the dances that were represented in the court of al-Ándalus and the popular ambiances inside Moorish traditions.
    [Show full text]
  • PAPELES DEL FESTIVAL De Música Española DE CÁDIZ N° 2 Año 2006
    PAPELES DEL FESTIVAL de música española DE CÁDIZ N° 2 Año 2006 En Memoria de Manuel Castillo CONSEJERÍA DE CULTURA Centro de Documentación Musical de Andalucía Director REYNALDO FERNÁNDEZ MANZANO Consejo de Redacción CANDIDO MARTÍN FERNÁNDEZ MARÍA JESÚS RUIZ FERNÁNDEZ JOSÉ ANTONIO GONZÁLEZ ALCANTUD MARTA CURESES EMILIO CASARES RODICIO DIANA PÉREZ CUSTODIO ANTONIO MARTÍN MORENO MARTA CARRASCO ALFREDO ARACIL MANUELA CORTÉS MARCELINO DÍEZ MARTÍNEZ OMEIMA SHEIK ELDIN JOSÉ MARÍA SÁNCHEZ VERDÜ Secretaria Ma. JOSÉ FERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ Depósito Legal:GR - 2352 - 2006 I.S.S.N.: 1886-4023 Edita © JUNTA DE ANDALUCÍA. Consejería de Cultura. CENTRO DE DOCUMENTACIÓN MUSICAL DE ANDALUCÍA EL CANTO ANDALUSÍ: APROXIMACIÓN HISTÓRICA Y GEO­ GRÁFICA A LA HERENCIA ANDALUSÍ Amina Alaoui (Interprete e investigadora de la Música Andalusí) Abstract: Hispano-Muslim Song: an Historical and Geographical Approach to the Legacy of Medieval Andalusia When the soul remained in Adams body, the angel emerged and silenced its voice. When the soul sought to free itself, it was Adam that began to sing, so delighting the soul that it defini­ tively settled in his body. Ever since, the soul has retained the affectionate memory of the divine melodies that made it susceptible to music. This Arab legend provides a glimpse of how song and music contribute to animating the soul within the body to recover the breath of life and, on a broader scale, how they contribute to the equilibrium of human beings and the cosmic order thanks to their con­ nections with the spiritual realm. In the same fashion, in Hispano-Muslim music, song (the sawt-el, or messenger) and music (the spirit) constantly participate in the movements of the universe of thenub a (musical piece), attuned to the disposition and tone of the soul of the tab’ (the musical scale) and ruled by the rhythms (the heart) that emanate from the body of the poem (words and meaning); all together creating the equilibrium necessary to be in tune with the cosmic symphony of the moment.
    [Show full text]
  • Mmubn000001 211246093.Pdf
    PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/146080 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-09 and may be subject to change. г/a/ The Andalusian Xarja-s: Poetry at the Crossroads of Two Systems? V tb*«*·•· * >' Otto Zwartjes The Andalusian Xarja-s: Poetry at the Crossroads of Two Systems? een wetenschappelijke proeve op het gebied van de Letteren PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Katholieke Universiteit Nijmegen volgens besluit van het College van Decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op dinsdag 21 november 1995 des namiddags te 3.30 uur door Otto Jeroen Zwartjes geboren op 12 november 1958 te Amsterdam Nijmegen 1995 Promotores: Prof. Dr. C.H.M. Versteegh Prof. Dr. Maxim. P.A.M. Kerkhof Co-promotor: Dr. Α. Schippers (University of Amsterdam) Copyright: ©1995 O.J. Zwartjes ISBN: 90-802820-1-4 PARENTIBUS UXORI LIBERISQUE Contents Foreword. Acknowledgements 9 0 Introduction and presentation 11 1 Bilingualism in al-Andalus 15 2 The origins of the Hispano-Arabie muwassah and the zajal 29 2.1 Qasld 29 2.2 The musammat 30 2.2.1 The Arabic musammat 30 2.2.2 The Hebrew musammat 31 2.3 From musammat to the Andalusian tawslh poetry. 32 2.3.1 The Arabic muwassah 32 2.3.2 The Hebrew muwassah 35 2.3.3 The zajal 37 2.3.4 The muzannam 39 2.3.5 The muwassah-like zajal 40 2.3.6 The qaslda zajaliyya 42 3 Medieval Arabic theory 43 3.1 Medieval
    [Show full text]