6 X 10 Long.P65

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-88993-3 - Dostoevsky and the Russian People Linda Ivanits Index More information

Index

“accursed” questions 2, 3, 7, 31, 48, 54, 159, 193 Apocalypse 4, 90 The Adolescent 5, 112, 134, 136, 147–48, 152, Antichrist 4, 90, 212; see also The Idiot 154–56, 158, 224, 227 Apocrypha 6, 43, 175 and gap between narod and upper classes 136 Arianism, see Incarnation Makar Ivanovich Dolgoruky: as bearer of Arina Rodionovna 35 folklore 155–56, 227; as elder 155;as Atheism 123 embodiment of popular Orthodoxy 134;as atheism 31, 32, 34, 37, 48, 137 “Vlas” ﬁgure 154–56 Attila 119 the merchant Skotoboinikov 156 Avseenko, V. G. 151, 192 Notebooks to 156 Soﬁa Andreevna Dolgorukaia as embodiment Baal 34 of popular Orthodoxy 134, 147–48 Bakhtin, M. M. 4, 187, 194, 224 adoptive brotherhood (sisterhood), see cross Bakunin, Mikhail 119, 120, 220 Afanasev, A. N. 40–41 Beggars in Holy Russia (Nishchie na sviatoi Rusi. and mythological school 41 Materialy dlia obshchestvennogo i narodnogo “The Religious-Pagan Meaning of the Slav’s byta), see Pryzhov, I. G. Dwelling” (“Religiozno–iazycheskoe Belinsky, V. G. 17, 107, 137 znachenie izby slavianina”) 40–41 Belovodie 90; see also sectarians, Runners Russian Folk Legends 43, 54–57, 60, 88, 92, 160, Berezhetsky, Ivan 12 175, 231 Bernard, Claude 167, 186 Russian Folktales 42 Bessonov, P. A. 42, 63, 64 Akelkina, E. A. 225–26 Bethea, David 86–87, 214 Aksakov, Konstantin 148, 149 Bibina, Uliana 147 “Akulka’s Husband” 28–29, 200 bible 20, 167, 168; see also Apocalypse;New and Passion 29, 96 Testament; Old Testament alcoholism, see narod A Bitter Fate (Gor’kaia sud’bina), see Pisemsky, Alena Frolovna 9, 10, 13, 31, 38, 148, 151, 190, 192, A. F. 195 Børtnes, Jostein 89, 180, 215, 221 Alexander II, Tsar 32 brotherhood 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 44 Alexis, Man of God, see folklore; saints The Brothers Karamazov 1–2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 16, 17, Altman, Moisei 205, 207, 212, 213, 216, 218, 219 81, 88, 103, 112, 132, 134, 147, 152, 157, 158, altruism 35–37, 43, 134, 157, 190, 201 159–87, 190, 193 ambiguity 55 and adoptive brotherhood/sisterhood 182 in folklore imagery 6–7 Alesha: and active love 164, 183; and Alexis in narrative technique 21–22 ManofGod180; and devils 166, in religious imagery21, 24, 30–31, 47–48, 74, 81 171–72; and earth 183; and spiritual growth Anderson, Hans Christian 143 166, 229; as wanderer 180–81 Andreev, N. P. 206, 226 charity/active love 162, 166, 167, 170, 176, 179, Animals 25 181, 182, 183, 184, 186 cruelty to 12, 49, 142, 150, 192 Chermashnia 16, 169 anti-Semitism 23, 199, 224 creation narratives in 168, 169, 170, 172, 229

249

250 Index

The Brothers Karamazov (cont.) representative Russian monk 161, 228, 230; debate (Grand Inquisitor and Russian Monk) repentance of 179 159, 161, 163 Bulgakov, S. N. 113, 216 Dmitry: desire for regeneration 184–86; dream Buslaev, F. 42 of babe 12, 185–86; and epigraph (John 12: 24) 169; failure to love 184 Capernaum 51, 205 Fedor Pavlovich: and travesty of holy 164, capitalism 34, 135 168–69 Carter, Stephen 223 Ferapont: asceticism of 164; and bogus Catholic Church (Catholicism) 3, 23, 34, 122, 133 holiness 165, 180 and papal infallibility 124 folklore of: Alexis Man of God 161; earth 161, and socialism 34 165, 183; the legend of Christ as beggar 162, censorship 16, 36, 43, 81, 112, 135, 160, 161, 175, 173, 175–83, 186; journey to heaven 218, 227, 230 (“Christ’s brother”) 182; the harrowing of Cernˇ y,´ Vaclav´ 123 hell 175, 184, 186, 231, 232; lower mythology charity (love) 2–3, 24, 32, 34, 35, 37, 43, 47, 92, (devils) 161, 163, 166, 171–72, 229; laments 224, 230, 231 161; sorcery 165 and almsgiving 24–25, 41, 162, 190, 208, 209 The Grand Inquisitor 2; and freedom 2; and and compassion 11, 12, 17, 31, 139 medieval cosmology 173, 185; and miracle see also narod; The Brothers Karamazov; Crime 165, 173; preface to 173–75 and Punishment; The Devils; folklore Grushenka: and “The Onion” 160, 161, 162, Cheremoshna 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16 175, 181, 185, 231; and repentance 182 peasants of 15, 16 hagiography of: 165, 180; monastic saint see also The Brothers Karamazov, Chermashnia 164; relics 160, 227 Chernyshevsky, N. G. 34, 201 icons: 169, 177, 184 Chistov, K. V. 219 Iliusha: and justice 184 Christ 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 20, 21, 24, 26, 27, 29, 30, 34, images of God/Christ in: 172–73, 174, 175, 35–36, 37, 153, 168 176–78, 182–83, 187 “popular” Christ 3 immortality 162, 163, 167 “Russian” Christ 80 Ivan: and desire for father’s death 16; and see also, The Brothers Karamazov; Crime and Euclidean geometry/cosmic questions 171, Punishment; The Diary of a Writer; The 172, 187; and inability to love neighbor 170, Devils; The Idiot; Notes from the House of 172; and inner fragmentation 170, 173, the Dead 178–79; and justice 160, 161, 163, 171, 183;as Christian social order 34; see also brotherhood literalist 172–73; and love of life Christianity 2–3, 5, 19, 20, 21, 31, 35, 38, 77, 137, 170; spiritual crisis of 1, 173, 174, 175 152, 157, 160, 168, 189–90, 191 literalism 166, 180; and atheism 166, 167; and see also brotherhood; Catholicism; charity; pseudo-scientiﬁc mindset 166–67, 229 narod, Orthodoxy of medieval/folk cosmology 162, 163–66, 176, “Christianity and Socialism” 37 185; and miracles 164, 165, 167, 168 The Citizen (Grazhdanin) 133–34, 141, 189 narod of 162 Collection of Russian Spiritual Songs (Sbornik Notebooks to 165, 167, 172, 177; about 172 russkikh dukhovnikh stikhov), see Varentsov, offbeat spirituality in 164 V. Rakitin, as caricature of socialist 167, 184, concealment (as technique for handling folklore) 185 2, 3, 4, 7, 38, 47, 49, 66–67, 76, 80, 161, 175 Resurrection, symbol of seed 169 The Contemporary (Sovremennik) 33, 40, 41, 43 Smerdiakov: as atheist 167; and Castrates corporal punishment 9, 18, 34 168; cruelty to animals 168; as literalist ﬂogging 12, 14, 18, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27–28, 29, 167–69 30, 140, 200 suffering 170, 171, 172, 174, 182, 183–84, 186–87 see also “Akulka’s Husband”; narod, wife Trifon Borisovich, as kulak 192 beating Zosima: as beggar 179;bowof1, 183; Coulson, Jessie 207 decomposition of 4, 6, 160, 165; as ideal Crime and Punishment 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 31–32, Christian 160; and eldership 164;on 45–76, 77–78, 80, 81, 90, 95, 103, 112, 114, heaven and hell 165, 176, 179, 182;as 160, 175, 193

Index 251

Alena Ivanovna, as evil power 50, 56 suicide 47, 51 almsgiving 47, 60; mock rite of 74 Svidrigailov: as Raskolnikov’s lower double beggary 62–76 51–52; as sinner 57; death (suicide) of 52, 68 charity 62–76 cross 22, 25, 26–27, 29, 50, 147, 148, 150, 152, 153, crime, meaning of 45–46, 57–60 166, 170, 181, 182, 186, 205 The Drunkards 46 adoptive brotherhood and sisterhood 55, 92, epilogue 46, 50, 53, 56 182 eternity 75, 76 crucifix 49, 51, 52–53, 100 evolution of 45–46 Crucifixion 30, 186 folklore of: 59, 204, 205; bathhouse 75; the Custine, Marquis de 18 beggar Lazarus 48, 62–76; buried treasure 56; cosmological notions 49, 53, 59; the Dahl (Dal’), V. I. 39 earth 49, 52, 56–57, 58, 60; evil and folk beliefs (O pover’iakh, sueveriiakh i spirits/devils 47, 49–52, 57, 59; ghosts 51; predrassudkakh russkogo naroda) 39 laments 60–61; legend of sin and True and Tall Tales (of the Cossack Lugansky) repentance (two great sinners) 48, 53–61, 10 206 village stories 39 forgiveness 48, 75 Danilov, Foma 148, 151–52, 168, 187, 190–91 Gospels, and beggary (Luke 16: 19–31) 62–76 Dante 173, 174 idiom “to sing Lazarus” 62, 95, 207 Darovoe 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 31, 148, 190 Ilia Petrovich, and Elijah the Prophet 50 Agrafena 12 incest 55 Brykovo (“Fedia’s Woods”) 11 justice 62, 69–70, 71, 74 children of 11, 12 Katerina Ivanovna, as “wicked stepmother” 71 drought 14 Lebeziatnikov, as caricature of radical 67, 70 famine 14 Marmeladov, in tavern conversation 66–67 fire 12, 151, 196 nature symbolism 49 Mark (Marey), see The Diary of a Writer, “The New Testament 46, 205 Peasant Marey” Notebooks to 47, 51, 54, 68, 70, 75, 209 peasants of 31, 38 Porfiry Petrovich, meaning of name 74, 209 Davison, R. M. 132, 219 poverty in 45, 46, 52, 59, 62, 63, 67–68, Dead House, see Notes from the House of the 70–72, 75, 76 Dead; Siberia, Omsk Stockade radical ideas 47 Debu,` I. M. 18 Raskolnikov: 45–76; and alienation Decembrists 40, 118, 137 from/movement toward narod 21, 46–77, determinism, see environmental theory 61, 76; dream of cool water 50; and dream The Devils 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12, 96, 103, 106–32, 133, of mare 49, 52, 69; dream of trichinas 50, 147, 160, 193 56; and environmental theory 48, 57, 59, Bishop Tikhon 107, 110, 111, 114, 117, 125, 130, 61, 62, 66, 70, 76; and inner deliberations 132, 218 47; and inner fragmentation 49, 59, 61, 63; canonical text of 114–15, 218 and Napoleonic theory 4, 48, 50, 57, 58, 61, demonology 107, 128 62, 74, 76; and quest for faith 48, 53, 62, 72 evolution of 106–07 Razumikhin: and lament 60; popular Fedka the Convict: and Apocalypse 115; and perspective of 59, 66, 206 determinism 115; offbeat spirituality of Resurrection 46, 52, 63, 75; of Lazarus (John 115 11: 1–45) 46, 62, 63, 74–75 folklore 107 sin, notions about 57–60, 76 icons in 116, 128, 129 Sonia Marmeladova: and cross 52, 205; and Kirillov: and distorted religiosity 128; and Gospels 46, 52; as icon 52; illumination/ suicide 128 wisdom of 52, 85; popular perspective of knight-errantry in 128–32, 222 60–61, 76, 208, 209; as Raskolnikov’s Maria Lebiadkina: and bylina of Mikhailo “higher” double 51, 52–53; as reader of Potyk 113, 218; and earth 111, 112, 113; scripture 74–75, 209; as sinner 57–58, 68 folklore in depiction 113; as holy fool 122, street people 46–47, 67, 74 125; and Mother of God 113; and occult structure 48, 53 113; and sectarianism 122

252 Index

The Devils (cont.) “Little Pictures” (“Malen’kie kartinki”) Mariology of 111, 128; and earth 128, 217; earth 140–41 as Mother of God 111 “On Love for the Narod. Necessary Contact narod of: and attraction to false leaders 119; with the Narod” (“O liubvi k narodu. and mild spirituality 111–12, 127; and Neobkhodimyi kontakt c narodom”) offbeat spirituality 4, 111, 112–16; and 148 potential for rebellion 116; and potential “The Peasant Marey” 12, 96, 148–50, 192, for violence 117 225–26 Notebooks to 5, 106, 110, 113, 117, 120, 125, 126, “The Russian Resolution of the Question” 128, 133, 191 (“Russkoe reshenie voprosa”) 157 radicalism (and nihilism) 106, 114, 115, 119, “Vlas” 41, 152, 153–54, 206, 226 126, 129, 130; and connection with deviltry see also Kornilova, Ekaterina; Kroneberg, 108, 217 Stanislav; Spasovich, V. D. Semen Yakovlevich, as false holy fool 114 Dolgushin group 134 Shatov, as champion of narod 126, 128;as Don Quixote 128, 221 knight 130 Dostoevskaia, Anna Grigor’evna (second wife of Stavrogin: 106–32, 219; and atheism 110; and author) 13, 133, 150, 151, 157 Christ 124; and demonic 109, 114, 220 Dostoevskaia, Liubov Fedorovna (Aimee)´ (Satan in Garden of Eden), 109(Beast of (daughter of author) 13, 196 Apocalypse), 109, 118 (vampire); as travesty Dostoevskaia, Maria Dmitrievna (Masha) (first of knight 118, 129; and lack of compassion wife of author) 36, 190, 191, 193 127; and Mother of God 124, 221; and Dostoevskaia, Maria Fedorovna (mother of multiple identities 113, 118; nonbeing 118; author) 9, 10, 12, 14, 31 and popular heroes and villains 5, 109–10, Dostoevsky, Andrey Mikhailovich (brother of 119–27; Grishka Otrepev/impostor 109, author) 11, 13, 14 118, 120, 121, 122, 220; Ivan Tsarevich 109, Memoirs of 9, 11, 13, 14, 195 118, 119, 120, 121, 219; St. Nicholas the Dostoevsky, Fedor Mikhailovich Wonderworker 109, 123–26, 129; Stenka aesthetics 34 Razin 109, 118, 119–20; and Russian attitude toward the Russian people 5, 7, 8, messianism 129; and Russian people 110; 18–19, 20, 21, 32, 33, 34–35, 135, 136–58, 162, and sectarianism 118, 119, 120–2 (castrate); 190, 199 and severance from earth 110, 130; and as champion of the people 6, 37 suicide 107, 129, 132; “true God” 118 at Chermak’s Boarding School 12 Verkhovensky, Peter Stepanovich and atheism as Christian apologist 8 96, 115; and demonic 108; and Nechaev courier on journey to St. Petersburg 13, 196 106; and puppet theater 108 deposition for Investigating Committee 17 Verkhovensky, Stepan Trofimovich: as early works: feuilletons 18, 38; The Landlady knight-errant 130–32; as liberal of 1840s 38–39; Poor Folk 17, 39 108, 112; and parable of Gadarene swine epilepsy 98, 105, 133, 159, 197, 214 131; and Renan 128; and Sistine Madonna first trip West 32, 34 131 and folklore: 38–44, 195; acquaintance with The Diary of a Writer 3, 5, 6, 12, 37, 54, 96, 7, 8, 19, 38; as collector 40; collections and 133–47, 148–54, 157, 158, 159, 171, 190, 191, collectors 38;in1840s 39, 202; interest in 223 popular idiom 39; in Omsk Stockade 40 “A Boy at Christ’s Christmas Party” (see also Notes from the House of the Dead); (“Mal’chik u Khrista na elke”) 143, puppet theater 10;in1860s 42–43, 63;in 225 Siberian exile 40–42; storytelling occasions “The Boy with his Hand Out” (‘Mal’chik s 9, 10, 19, 38, 53, 54, 63, 92, 157 ruchkoi”) 143 journalism 2–3, 6; “Mr. —bov and the “The Colony of Underage Offenders” Question of Art” (“G-n—bov i vopros ob (“Koloniia maloletnikh prestupnikov”) iskusstve”) 41; see also Time; Epoch; The 145–46 Diary of a Writer “The Environment” (“Sreda”) 137–39 library 42, 221 “The Hundred-year-old Woman” Military Engineering Academy 11, 12, 13, 39, (“Stoletniaia”) 150–51 196; collection for poor peasants 12

Index 253

in Peter-Paul Fortress 39 divinations (wedding) 113, 118, 125 police surveillance 40, 203 Elijah the Prophet 50 reﬂections at bier of Maria Dmitrievna 36–37, epics (byliny) 42, 113; adoptive brotherhood in 190, 191, 193 96–97; epic hero 152; Ilia Muromets Russian messianism 92, 106–07, 110, 133, 42–43; Mikhailo Potyk 221;(see also The 157 Devils self-exile in Europe 5, 42, 77, 105, 106, 120, ethical ideals of 4, 6, 32, 38, 44, 47, 48, 64, 193 133, 134, 138 folktales 35, 38; Baba Yaga 50; enchanted servants and peasants of childhood 9–11, 12, maiden 38 16; Akulina 9, 195; Arisha 10, 12, 13; David laments 2, 204 9, 15, 17; Katerina 10, 13, 16; rape of legends 43; of Christ as beggar/pilgrim 5, playmate 11; Vera 9, 12, 195; see also Alena 6–7, 43, 64, 145, 168, 231; counter-traditions Frolovna, Darovoe of 92; compassionate Christ 92;of search for faith 6, 19, 20, 21, 30–31, 105, demonic possession 43; of harrowing of 149–50, 172, 191–92, 198–99 hell 184–85; of Nicholas and Arius 221;of sympathy for poor people 10, 11, 12, 24, Nicholas and Cassian 123; of Nicholas and 140–41, 208 Elijah 123; of the returning deliverer as Westernizer in 1840s 8, 17, 191, 198; attitude 119–21; of saints 38; of sin and repentance toward popular culture 18–19, 25, 38–40; 38, 41, 43, 152, 153, 156, 192, 206 Speshnev conspiracy 17, 197–98; struggle lower mythology 190; bathhouse spirit against serfdom 12–13, 16, 17–18, 19, 31 (bannik) 51; devils (evil spirits) 6, 38, 199; Dostoevsky, Mikhail Andreevich (father of forest spirit (leshii) 49; house spirit author) 9, 12, 13, 14, 16 (domovoi) 9, 190; unclean (unquiet) dead death of 8, 9, 13–16, 43, 194, 196, 197; oral puppet theater 10 history about death 15 songs: “The Little Farm” 69, 71; in prison Dostoevsky, Mikhail Mikhailovich (brother of 22; Volga Bandit songs 38, 119 author) 3, 8, 12, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 32, 39 spiritual songs/narratives of saints 175;of Drinking Will Lead to No Good (Pit’ do dna, ne Alexis Man of God 43, 156, 187;ofthe vidat’ dobra), see Kishensky, D. D. Ascension 64; of the beggar Lazarus 7, 43, The Drunkards (P’ianen’kie), see Crime and 175; as compared to Luke 16: 19–31 64; and Punishment justice 65–66; of Mary of Egypt 43, 156 suicide (beliefs about) 6, 50 earth 6, 47, 48, 51, 56–57, 120, 148, 150 see also The Brothers Karamazov; Crime and bowing 60 Punishment; The Diary of a Writer; and confession/forgiveness 52 Dostoevsky, Fedor Mikailovich; The Devils; see also The Brothers Karamazov; Crime and The Idiot; Notes from the House of the Dead Punishment; The Devils; The Diary of a Fonvizina, N. D. 19, 20, 30, 31 Writer, “The Peasant Marey”; The Idiot Fourierism 17 Eastern Question 157 France 35; and bourgeoisie 35; and ego 35, 36, 201; see also altruism Franco-Prussian War 123; and Paris Elagin, N. P. 197 Commune 124; and Revolution 35, 43 Emancipation, see Great Reforms Frank, Joseph 16, 19, 31, 34, 36, 62, 154–55, 196, Emerson, Caryl 187, 210, 232 197–98, 201, 202, 208, 209, 225, 227, 229, environmental theory 4, 34, 136–46, 156, 158; 230 see also Crime and Punishment French Revolution, see France, Revolution Epoch (Epokha) 2, 32, 36, 42, 63 Freud, Sigmund 197 Esaulov, Ivan 231 Fridlender, G. M. 5, 225 “eternal” questions, see “accursed” questions Fusso, Susanne 130

Fedorov, G.A. 196 Gamma, see Gradovsky, G. K. Filippovich, Danilo 121, 123; see also sectarians Garnett, Constance 207 folklore Gibian, George 47 bathhouse as unclean place 51 Gnosticism 96; statement of Monoimus 90 buried treasure 56 Gogol, N. V. 168 cosmological notions of folk 48, 156, 190 Golden Age 16, 145

254 Index

Goldstein, David 199 icons 95–96 Golubov, K. E. 106, 107, 110, 216 Incarnation 81, 96, 103; and separation of Goncharov, I. A. 148 sacred and profane (spirit and matter/flesh) Gospels, see New Testament 78, 91, 100–03, 104 Gradovsky, G. K. 150 Ippolit and Apocalypse 87; execution 84, 90, Granovsky, T. N. 222 100–01; Holbein painting 90, 100–01; Great Reforms 3, 5, 32, 77, 134, 136, 141 meaninglessness 84; “Necessary Emancipation of the Serfs 32, 43, 119 Explanation” 80; significance of name 87 trial by jury 137, 154, 158, 162 Lebedev, and failure of Incarnation Great Russian Folktales (Velikorusskie skazki), see 103–04 Khudiakov, I. A. Myshkin 77–104; ambiguity in comparison Greek mythology: Demeter 185; Graces 85; 93–94, 98, 103, 213; and Apocalypse 81; and Hippolytus 87; Sibyl 113 Christ 5, 77, 79, 81, 91–92; and Christian Grigorev, Apollon 33 love 79; and encounters with narod 95, 96; Grigorovich, D. V. 39 and epilepsy 80, 85, 97; and escapism/flight Gromyko, M. M. 40 81, 90, 91; and failure of (impotence) 78, Grossman, Leonid 12, 220 98; folklore in depiction of: adoptive brotherhood 93, 96–97, 100, 214; lack of fit heaven 37; see also immortality 95; legends 81, 88–95, 213; (of angel) 88–90; hell 25, 51; see also The Brothers of Christ as beggar 92–95; (sectarian) Karamazov; Crime and Punishment; The 90–91; and Garden of Eden 82, 88–89; and Devils; The Idiot Gospels 81, 93; and Gnosticism 99–100, Herzen, Alexander 43 104; as holy fool 88–89; innocence of 82; Historical Sketches of Russian Folk Literature and insufficient enfleshment of 78, 81, 89; Art (Istoricheskie ocherki russkoi narodnoi name (meaning of) 91; and nationalist slovesnosti i iskusstva), see Buslaev, F. messianism 80; and popular morality 92; Hollander, Robert 78, 103, 211 as popular Christ 92, 103; as “positively Holquist, Michael 53, 78 beautiful” 78, 79, 81, 104; and prayer 98, holy fools 4, 6, 12, 23, 52, 88–89 99; and sexuality 89; as wanderer 91 Hudspith, Sarah 223 Nastasia Filippovna: and corruption (Fall) Hugo, Victor 174 82–83; and Garden of Eden 82–83, 103; and Human being (concept of) 29, 34, 37, 63, 171 picture of Christ 83 as image of God 27, 28, 141–42, 146, 154, 155, nature imagery 81–88, 214; animal imagery, 167, 168, 172, 173, 178, 183, 224 skewed meanings of 86–87; birds 86, 212; as irrational 34, 37, 70 and Gospels 86; donkey 86; horse 86–87; as unfinished on earth 36, 190, 201 defiled nature and apocalypse 84–85, 86–87; earth imagery (lack of) 80, 81, icons 22, 25, 50, 51, 186 87–88; and Incarnation 88; light imagery, The Idiot 2, 5, 6, 7, 77–105, 106, 109, 128, 133, 193 ambiguity of 79, 85–86; and Myshkin 85; Antichrist 80, 103, 132 and Rogozhin 85; sun 85; vegetation Apocalypse 78, 81, 84, 85, 87, 90, 91, 103; and imagery 211; blighted nature 81–85, 98, 104; Ippolit’s dream 87; and New Jerusalem 103 settings as spoiled Eden 84 capitalism 77, 80, 87, 93 narod in 79, 80–81; in Ippolit’s “Necessary Catholicism 83, 86, 89 Explanation,” 80; faith of 98–99 children, inevitable corruption of 83, 86, 104 Notebooks to 5, 78, 79, 83, 88 deterministic world of 84, 103 portraits versus icons in 80, 81; and evolution of novel 78–79 Christology 101–02; Holbein, Hans, the Fall myth 81 Younger, “Christ in the Tomb” 100–01, folklore 79–80; ambiguity in 79; evil spirits 102, 103, 215 (lack of) 80, 97, 210, 214; see also (below) poverty 77 Myshkin; nature imagery radicals 80, 87 Gania, as beggar 94 religious imagery, erratic nature/inconsistency Garden of Eden 82–83, 211; see also (below) of 81, 104 Myshkin; Nastasia Filippovna Rogozhin, and Antichrist 78, 91; as beggar horror/meaninglessness of life 84 94; and flight 59; as Myshkin’s alter ego

Index 255

91; and passion 77; and pre-Petrine culture Kovner, A. 226 91; and holy fools, Castrates, and Old Kraevsky, A. A. 45, 107 Believers 91, 100 Kramskoy, I. N. (“The Contemplator”) 167–68 Resurrection (lack of) 103 Kremlin 18 Salvation history 81, 87–88, 103 Krieger, Murray 78 Illiustratsiia 39 Kroneberg, Stanislav 140, 147, 224 immortality 36–37, 143, 146, 190, 191; popular Ksenia, Mother (N. N. Solomina-Minikhen) notions about 2 214 Incarnation 81, 100, 127–28, 191, 214 Kumanins (Dostoevsky’s in-laws) 13, 14 and Arianism 96, 101 and Arius 124, 125, 126, 128 Land and Schism: The Runners (Zemstvo i rasskol: Council of Chalcedon 96 Beguny), see Shchapov, A. Council of Ephesus 221 Leatherbarrow, W. J. 86, 108, 170, 210, 216, 219, Council of Nicaea 125, 126 220, 229 and icons 100 “The Legend of Two Great Sinners,” see folklore, Intelligentsia 3, 8, 19, 33; see also radicals; legends of sin and repentance rationalism; Slavophiles; socialism; Lermontov, M. Yu. 118 Westernizers Leskov, N. S. 156, 227 Isaev, Pavel 42 Life of a Great Sinner (Zhitie velikogo greshnika) Islam 23, 99, 152, 190, 199 54, 121, 123, 152 Ivanov, A. I. 39 Life of Jesus, see Renan, Ernest Ivanov, Vyacheslav 89, 123, 129, 221 light imagery 49, 50 Ivanova, Sonia (niece of author) 78, 79 Liubimov, N. A. 159, 160, 161, 165, 171, 172 Ivanova (nee´ Dostoevskaia), Vera Mikhailovna “living life” (zhivaia zhizn’) 87, 130 (sister of author) 14 Lord, Robert 105 Lotman, L. M. 209, 211, 214, 220 Jackson, Robert Louis 41, 173, 178, 186, 198, 199, 224, 225 Magarshack, David 207 on primal image (obraz) and disﬁguration Maikov, A. N. 17, 31, 78, 79, 107, 110, 123–24, (bezobrazie) 24, 29, 149, 192, 224 133, 134, 191 Jerusalem 18, 23 Makarov, Danilo 15; see also Dostoevsky, Jewish Question 34, 224, 226 Mikhail Andreevich, death of Johnson, Lee D. 229–30 Maksimov, S. V. 209, 212 Jones, Malcolm 192, 213, 227, 232 Mariinsky Hospital for the Poor 9, 10 Jovanovic,´ Milivoje 219 Mary of Egypt, St. 156; see also folklore; saints Mary the White Swan, see folklore, epics Kachenovsky, V. M. 12 (byliny), Mikhailo Potyk Kantor, Vladimir 169–70 materialism 3, 8, 37, 87, 114, 142–43, 192 Karamzin, N. 91 Matlaw, Ralph 172 Katkov, M. N. 45, 78, 106, 114 McDuff, David 207 Katz, Michael R. 229 Meerson, Olga 203 Kelly, Aileen 214, 227 Mephistopheles 153 Khotiaintsev, V. F. 13 Meshchersky, V. P. 133, 135 Khudiakov, I. A. 42 Michael (Romanov), Tsar 122 Kireevsky, P. V. 42, 64 Mikhniukevich, V. A. 155, 204, 211, 213, 218, 227, Kishensky, D. D. 141 229, 231, 232 Kjetsaa, Geir 101, 196, 200 Miliukov, A. P. 32 Klikusha 2 Miller Feuer, Robin 210 Knapp, Liza 165, 174 Misiurev, A. 200 Koltsov, A. V. 39 Mochulsky, Konstantin 55, 82, 88, 89, 211 Komarovich, V. L. 17, 198 monarchy 17, 135 Koreisha, Ivan Yakovlevich 114, 218 Monuments of Ancient Russian Literature Kornilova, Ekaterina 139–40, 152 (Pamiatniki starinnoi russkoi literatury), see Kostomarov, N. 43 Kostomarov, N. Kovacs, Arpad 211 moral transformation 34

256 Index

Morson, Gary Saul 22, 151, 219, 223, 224, 227, Nechaeva, V. S. 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 196–97 231 Nekrasov, N. A. 41, 54, 134, 152–53, 155, 157, Mother of God 147, 150, 174, 175; see also icons; 226 saints A Nest of Gentlefolk (Dvorianskoe gnezdo), see Mount Athos 18, 114, 125, 160 Turgenev, I. S. Murav, Harriet 226 New Jerusalem 74, 90 Muscovite Russia 18, 32, 33, 42, 63, 174 New Testament 64, 166 mystery plays 173 Gospel(s) 30, 34, 35, 52, 145, 182, 189; and narod 2–3; and socialism 17; John 7, 24, 35 Napoleonic theory, see Crime and Punishment (Jn 13: 34) 169(Jn 12: 24) 182 Luke 30, 62 narod (Lk 16: 19-31) 63, 75, 107–08, 110; (Gadarene and brotherhood 34, 35, 36, 38, 44, 157; see swine); Mark 74, 177; Matthew 35 (Mt 6: also brotherhood; Christian social order 33) 65 (Mt 25) 92 (Mt 25: 40) 92 (Mt 24: brutality of 2, 6, 12, 19, 21, 28, 29, 31, 48, 135, 27) 169 (Mt 17: 20) 191 (Mt 25: 31-46) 139, 140, 192 Nicholas I 20, 146 Christianity of 6, 8, 18, 19, 24–25, 31, 32, 38, Nicholas the Wonderworker, see saints 44, 48, 146–52, 158, 190, 191, 193, 229 nihilism, see atheism; radicals; socialism; crudeness of 18, 20, 35, 192 Westernizers debauchery of 8, 19, 21, 22, 24, 28, 37, 135, 136 Nikon, Patriarch 90 drunkenness of 6, 22, 25, 28, 135, 141, 142–43, Notes from the House of the Dead 5, 8, 16, 19–31, 158, 192 33, 34, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 44, 135, 138 as embodiment of holiness 9, 19 bathhouse 24, 199 as embodiment of kindliness 12, 24 ﬂogging in, see corporal punishment, ﬂogging as “God-bearing” (narod bogonosets) 3, 110, folklore of 22; Christmas theatricals 25–26, 128, 133, 135, 190 40; “Kedril the Glutton” 26 harsh life of 14 Gorianchikov 20–21, 22–30 hatred of nobility 17, 19, 20, 32, 43, 192 Isay Fomich 199; and anti-Semitism 23; and ignorance of 8, 18, 35, 154 travesty of holy 8 murder of landlords 16, 192, 197; see also and liturgical calendar 25, 26, 30, 200 Dostoevsky, Mikhail Andreevich, death of Mikhailov and Passion 26–27; as icon 29 offbeat spirituality of 4, 48, 52, 156 murder of barin (omitted story) 16, 197 Orthodoxy of 31, 32, 33 narrator 21; see also Gorianchikov (above) potential for violence 14, 31, 32, 37, 43, 158, 192 Polish prisoners 23, 25 poverty 11, 41, 136, 154 see also “Akulka’s Husband” as preserver of image of Christ 8, 37, 136, 150, Notes from the Underground 34, 36, 119 153, 154, 157, 161 Notes of the Fatherland (Otechestvennye zapiski) repentance of (recognition of sinfulness) 21, 40, 45, 134 37, 138, 140 Notre Dame de Paris, see Hugo, Victor separation from upper classes 3, 17, 19, 25, 27, 31, 32, 33, 43, 150, 157 Oblomov, see Goncharov, I. A. spiritual ideals of 2, 3, 4, 42, 146–52, 191 obshchina 35 thirst for suffering 153, 154 Offord, Derek 201, 222 wife beating 2, 138–39, 192; see also “Akulka’s Old Believers 42, 90; see also Orthodox Church Husband” Old Karamazov, see The Brothers Karamazov, see also, The Brothers Karamazov; Crime and Fedor Pavlovich Punishment; Darovoe; The Diary of a Old Testament 30, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173, 174, Writer; Dostoevsky, Fedor Mikailovich; The 183 Devils; The Idiot; Notes from the House of the Omsk Stockade, see Siberia Dead Optina Pustyn 160, 161 native soil ideology, see pochvennichestvo Father Amvrosy 160–61 Nazirov, R. G. 209 Father Leonid 161 Nechaev, Mikhail (Dostoevsky’s maternal uncle) Ornatskaia, T. A. 202 9, 12 Orthodox Church 32, 100, 101, 102, 114, 122, 123, Nechaev, S. G. 106, 107, 119, 133, 218 132, 133, 160, 161, 165, 191 Nechaeva, Olga Yakovlevna 13 Popular Orthodoxy 6, 31, 43, 49, 52, 112, 181

Index 257

Sacraments 191 Revolutionary Catechism, see Bakunin, schism and schismatics 23, 42, 90 Mikhail; Nechaev, S. G. Otrepev, Grigory (“The False Dmitry”) 122, 123; Rice, James l. 225 see also The Devils Riesenkampf, A. E. 39 Rodevich, M. 66 Parfeny, Hieromonk 112, 114, 160, 166, 217, 227 parodied in Crime and Punishment 67 the Passion 26, 29, 30, 200; see also cross; Rosen, Nathan 161, 224 Gospels Rosenshield, Gary 29, 199, 224 Peace, Richard 122, 185, 209, 222 Rousseau, Jean Jacques 211 Peter the Great 32, 33, 90, 150 Rozenblum, L. M 224 Petrashevsky Circle 17, 18, 32 Rurik 122 Butashevich-Petrashevsky, M.V. 17 Russia, see Muscovite Russia; Great Reforms pieta` 26, 29 Russian Folk Legends, see Afanasev, A. N. Piksanov, N. K. 226 Russian Folktales, see Afanasev, A. N. Pisemsky, A. F. 41 Russian Herald (Russkii vestnik) 45, 78, 79, 104, Plaskin, V. T. 39, 202 107, 159 Pletnev, R. 217, 218, 229 “The Russian Monk” 161; see also The Brothers Pobedonostsev, K. P. 160, 172 Karamazov pochvennichestvo 3, 32–33, 42 Russian national character 29; see also Russian Pogodin, Mikhail 134 spirit 34, 37, 123; (and Nicholas the Pomper, Philip 218 Wonderworker); “Vlas paradigm” populism (narodnichestvo) 134, 157 Russian people, see narod Prashcheruk, N. V. 228, 230 Russianness (narodnost’) 18 prayer 23, 29–30 Rybnikov, P. N. 42, 113, 218, 220 and almsgiving 70, 72, 73 Jesus Prayer 23 St. Petersburg News (Sanktpeterburgskie Lord’s Prayer 27, 30 vedomosti), see Dostoevsky, F. M., early of Saint Basil 30 works, feuilletons pre-Petrine Russia, see Muscovite Russia Saints: Pryzhov, I. G. 42, 66 Alexis Man of God 156, 180, 187 Pugachev, Emelian 120 John the Baptist 64 Pushkin, A. S. 35 John Chrysostom 64 “The Devils” (“Besy”) 107, 216 John the Evangelist 64 “The Poor Knight” 127, 128, 131, 222 Lives of 3, 6, 53, 89, 148, 161, 164 Tales of Belkin 148 Mary of Egypt 156 Pypin, A. N. 43, 54 Nicholas the Wonderworker 92, 123–27; (in popular belief) 124; (Life of) 124 Quenot, Michael 100 Peter 92 Sergius of Radonezh 148 radicals 33, 37, 45, 47, 62, 66, 77–78, 106, 120, Theodosius of the Caves Monastery 148 121, 133, 134, 135, 153, 157, 189; see also The Tikhon of Zadonsk 54, 107, 148, 161, 216 Brothers Karamazov;CrimeandPunishment; see also folklore: Legends, Spiritual songs The Devils; socialism; Westernizers Sakharov, I. P. 39 rape 11, 12, 16 Saraskina, L. I. 220 Raphael 101, 128, 130, 131 Savelev, A. I. 11, 18 rationalism 4, 8, 20, 32, 34, 37, 48, 70, 98, 114 Savvushkin, Andrey 15; see also Dostoevsky, Razin, A. E. 33 Mikhail Andreevich, death of Razin, Stenka 121, 123; see also The Devils Scanlan, James 198–99, 201, 231 redemption 36 schism, see Orthodox Church; Old Believers Renan, Ernest 101, 214 sectarians (sectarianism) 42, 59, 90, 91, 121, 123, repentance 21, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 41, 43, 138, 140, 207 146, 152, 156, 203; see also folklore; narod Castrates 91, 122, 168 resurrection 22, 24, 30, 36, 54, 186 Flagellants 121 of Lazarus 7, 63, 74–75 Runners 42, 90, 91, 207 Revelation, Book of, see Apocalypse Semipalatinsk, see Siberia, exile

258 Index

serfdom 14, 17, 19, 27, 31, 35, 41, 171; see also Timofeeva, Varvara 189–90, 191, 212 Dostoevsky, F. M. as Westernizer in 1840s, Titova, Agrafena 147 struggle against Tiutchev, Fedor 174–75, 177 Serno-Solovevich, A. A. and N. A. 107 Tokarzewski, Szymon 198 Shakespeare 118 travesty of holy 1, 6, 23, 24, 124–28, 164, 168–69, Shchapov, A. 42, 90 185 Shein, P. V. 42 Troitsky, I. I. 39 Siberia 11, 13, 17, 31, 32, 34, 38, 46, 61, 68, Trutovsky, K. A. 196 152 Turgenev, I. S. 148 exile 8, 17, 40 Omsk Stockade 5, 8, 16, 17, 19–31, 34, 38, “unfortunates” (neschastnye) 24, 60–61, 138 39, 40, 41, 43, 54, 115, 137, 138, 148, 192, 198 Valikhanov, Chokan 40 “Siberian Notebook” (“Sibirskaia tetradka”) 39, vampires, see folklore, lower mythology: unclean 202 dead Sistine Madonna, see Raphael Varentsov, V. 42, 64 skaz 29, 152, 156; see also “Akulka’s Husband”; vegetation (symbolism of) 49 The Adolescent, the merchant Venturi, Franco 216 Skotoboinikov Vetlovskaia, V. E. 194, 230 Slattery, Dennis Patrick 226 “The Village,” see Grigorovich, D. V. Slavophiles 18, 32, 33, 34, 39, 137, 148 The Village of Stepanchikovo (Selo Stepanchikovo) Smyth, Sarah 231 41 socialism 2, 17, 18, 34, 37, 38, 48, 59, 184 Vinokur, Val 172 Utopian socialism 34, 36, 191 Viskovatov, P. A. 17 Solovev, Vsevolod 153, 154 Vladimirtsev, V. P. 39, 60, 61, 202, 204 Songs Collected by P.N. Rybnikov (Pesni sobrannye Vlas, see The Diary of a Writer; Nekrasov; “Vlas P. N. Rybnikovym), see Rybnikov, P. N. paradigm” Songs Collected by P. V. Kireevsky (Pesni sobrannye “Vlas paradigm” 41, 136, 152–57, 168, 192–93 P. V. Kireevskim), see Kireevsky, P. V. The Voice (Golos) 154 sorcery 2, 38, 50, 51 Volotskoy, M. V. 13, 14, 15 Spasovich, V. D. 140 Speshnev, Nikolay 17, 220 “The Wandering of the Mother of God through Strakhov, N. N. 33, 133, 134 Hell” (“Khozhdenie Bogoroditsy po suffering 3, 23, 26, 30, 32, 35, 41, 46, 47, 48, 54, mukam”) 174, 185, 230 58, 70, 76, 153, 172 Wandering Pilgrims (Kaleki perekhozhie), see Suslov, Ivan Timofeevich 121; see also sectarians Bessonov, P. A. Switzerland 78, 81, 82, 84, 86, 88, 89, 92–93 Ward, Bruce K. 162, 229 Wasiolek, Edward 19, 70, 77–78 A Tale of Wandering and Journeying through water imagery 6, 49, 50 Russia, Moldavia, Turkey and the Holy Land West (western Europe) 3, 8, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 86, (Skazanie o puteshestvii po Rossii, Moldavii, 87, 92, 110, 133, 147, 148, 150, 157 Turtsii i Sviatoi Zemle), see Parfeny, Westernizers 8, 18, 32, 33, 34, 38, 41, 48, 92 Hieromonk What is to be Done?, see Chernyshevsky, N. G. Tales of the Russian People (Skazaniia russkogo Winter Notes on Summer Impressions 34–36, 37, naroda), see Sakharov, I. P. 157 Terras, Victor 201, 227, 229 Thompson, Dianne Oenning 215, 222–23 Yakushkin, E. I. 40 Time (Vremia) 2, 8, 32, 33, 34, 42, 63, 66, Yastremski, Slava 214 90 Time of Troubles (Smuta) 122 Zander, L. A. 217