SIDELIGHTS

ON

WILLIAMS FAMILY HISTORY

BY CARL WILLIAMS

A quarter of a century ago J. Eugene Williams and Jonathan Lewis Williams compiled a booklet called "The Descendants of Jonathan Williams."

_This booklet is logical successor to that. Its author, writing for his own pleasure, has selfishly followed his own ancestral line. Chapters VI to VIII, therefore, cover­ ing the Marine family, are of special interest only to the descendants of Abraham Lennington Williams and David Crockett Williams, sons of Jonathan Williams; while all other chapters should prove of some value to all of the Jonathan Williams clan. An attempt has been made in the Appendix to correct! y list all members of this clan.

Those who are interested in developing collateral lines may well begin their studies with Hinshaw's En­ cyclopedia of Quaker Genealogy, to be found in most good public libraries.

Fort Pierce, Florida, March 1, 1940.

5

Bibliography

The Descendants of Jonathan Williams...... ]. E. Williams Encyclopedia of Quaker Genealogy...... Hinshaw Records of Maryland Meetings, Society of Friends, Baltimore, Md...... Records of North Carolina, South Carolina and Tennessee Meetings, Society of Friends, Guilford College, North Carolina...... Records of Indiana Meetings, Society of Friends, Richmond, Indiana...... Revised History of Dorchester County, Maryland...... History of Montgomery County, Virginia...... -...... History of Wayne County, Indiana...... Andrew W. Young History of Frederick County, Maryland, T. J. C. Williams Colonial Families of the United States, Vol. VIL ...... Colonial Records of North Carolina, Vol. XXVII ...... History of North Carolina...... Ashe Some Neglected History of North Carolina...... Fitch Southern Quakers and Slavery...... W eeks A History of the Friends in America...... Thomas William Penn, a History...... Dixon Two Hundred Years of the Society of Friends at Ho pewel 1, Virginia...... _...... __ ...... Maryland Geological Survey Notes...... H••·······Mathews Winning of the W est...... Roosevelt Records-Land Office, Annapolis, Mary land; Alamance, Orange, Chatham and Cumberland Counties, North Carolina; Frederick and Prince George Counties5 Maryland; Blount and Loudon Counties, Tennes­ see; and Wayne, Randolph and Madison Counties, Indiana...... ------...... Records-Census of the United States of America, 1790 ... .

7

The Williams Ancestral Line

(I) David Williams married Mary Malsby (or Maulsby) in Philadelphia county, Pennsylvania, on Novem­ ber 30, 1704.

(2) Jonathan Williams, supposed son of (1); (b. around 1710, Pennsylvania; d. Snow Camp, Chatham Co., N. C., 1804) m. Mary'(surname unknown) in Mo­ nocacy Valley, Frederick Co., Md., about 1741.

(3) David Williams, son of (2) ; (b. Frederick Co., Md., Jan. 24, 17 42; cl. Friendsville, Tenn., about 1812) m. Deborah, daughter of Azariah and Mary Horser, (b. April 19, 1750, Cumberland Co., N. C.) in Cum­ berland Co., 1770.

(3-a) David Williams, same as (3); m. Tabitha Hardin in Chatham Co., N. C., 1794.

(3-b) Zadoc Williams, son of (3-a); (b. 1797, Randolph Co., N. C.; d. Madison Co., Ind., July 20, 1836) m. Anna Marine (See (G) in Marine Ancestral Line) (b. Marlboro Co., S. C., March 22, 1805; d. Porter Co., Ind., April 23, 1880) Wayne Co., Ind., 1822.

( 4) Azariah Williams, son of (3); (b. Orange Co., N. C., April 15, 1775; d. Porter Co., Ind., Sept. 26, 1838) m. Sarah, daughter of Charles Blakesley (b. Mont­ gomery Co., Va., Jan. 5, 1775; d. Porter Co., Ind., May 27, 1861) in Montgomery Co., 1800.

(5) Jonathan Williams, son of (4); (b. Friendsville, Tenn., June 17, 1803; d. Porter Co., Ind., Dec. 6,

9 1858) m. Jane, daughter of Abraham Lennington (b. Titusville, Pa., July 28, 1808; d. Porter Co., Ind., Feb. 11, 1857) in Wayne Co., Ind., Jan. 17, 1826.

{6) Abraham Lennington Williams, son of (5); (b. Feb. 24, 1827, Porter Co., Ind.; d. March 13, 1914, Okla­ homa City, Okla.) m. Julia Ann Williams, daughter of (3-b) above (b. Oct. 4, 1832, Madison Co., Ind., d. March 17, 1921, Oklahoma City, Okla.) at North Liberty, Ind., April 18, 1850.

(7) Carleton Clifford Williams, son of (6); (b. Porter Co., Ind., March 30, 1878) m. Mabel Bates, daughter of Thomas Tomlinson and Martha Elizabeth Cram Bates, at Traverse City, Michigan on July 14, 1906.

10 The Marine Ancestral Line

(A) Alexandre Marin (b. France; d. London) m. (given name unknown)· Milleson, early Seventeenth Cen­ tury.

(B) Milleson Mareen, supposed son of (A); (b. France, 1634; d. Sussex Co., Del., 1679) m. Lavinia, daugh­ ter of Thomas Major of Accomac Co., Va., in 1662.

(C) Jonathan Maren, son of (B); (b. Caroline Co., Md., 1665; d. Sewell's Creek, Md., May 5, 1736) m. Kezia (surname unknown) ( d. 1738) 1689.

(D) Jonathan Maren, son of (C); (b. Sussex Co., Del., 1700; d. Sewell's Creek, Md., Jan. 4, 17 56) m. Rachel Victor, December, 1726.

(E) Jonathan Marine, son of (D) ; (b. Sewell's Creek, Md., March, 17 52; d. Wilmington, 0., 1811) m. Mary Charles (b. April 4, 1746) in 1775.

(F) Jesse Marine, son of (E) ; (b. Marlboro Co., S. C., May 18, 1786; d. Indiana) m. Phoebe Cox, daugh­ ter of Josiah and Judith Peele Cox, in Marlboro Co., S. C., May 24, 1804.

(G) Anna Marine, daughter of (F); (b. Marlboro Co., S. C., March 22, 1805; d. Porter Co., Ind., April 23, 1880) m. Zadoc Williams (who is (3-b) in Wil­ liams Ancestral Line) in Wayne Co., Ind., 1822. For continuity see Paragraphs (3-b), (6) and (7) in Williams Line.

11

CHAPTER I

The Friendly Society of the Inner Light r:::J[ Jl HEN George Fox began to preach the doctrine of v U/I the "inner light" in England in the year 1650 he did not think about creating a new religious sect. He merely taught a theory of personal behavior. The individual should model his conduct after that of Jesus The Christ. How best to do that would be revealed by the personal conscience, when that conscience was consulted in the light of what Jesus said and did and how Jesus lived. George Fox called his first group of converts "The Friendly Society of the Inner Light." He bade its mem­ bers "tremble at the word of the Lord;" and from that re­ mark, the scoffers translating "tremble" into "quake," the word Quaker came into being. The Inner Light taught Fox that all men are equal before the law; that all men have the right to express opinions; that all men have the right to worship God ac­ cording to the dictates of their own consciences; that every man's own Light-his conscience or his reason-is the safest guide; that to doff the hat or bend the knee to any man was sin against the Lord, to whom alone should hats be doffed and knees be bended; that it is sin to fight; sin for one man to have power over another ; sin for one man to wear better clothes than his neighbor. These doctrines and others growing out of them set Fox and his converts entirely aside from the common life and manners of their times. They became "a peculiar peo­ ple" and, with typical consistency, became proud of the fact and hugely stubborn in upholding it against all man-

13 ner of civil and religious persecution. By the time they began to emigrate to America to escape the civil persecu­ tion of Cromwell and the religious persecution of the Church of England they had become a sect of fixed re­ ligious beliefs. The "inner light" by which each man was to govern his own life had become, as it were, a group light illuminating all. They were to "set no man above themselves"; to "pay no tributes"; to "hold no pub lick offices"; to bear no arms except for food; to engage in no fights either public or personal; to indulge in no "superfluity of aparil". They were warned against "superfluity at maridges and buriels"; against marrying except by prescribed forms "in Meeting"; against marriage by a "hireling priest", as they called the Church of England (Episcopal) rectors; against "outgoings in maridge", or marrying other than Quakers. They were cautioned against "unnecessary strong drink"; against the use of tobacco except "in moderation as a medison and not as a delightsom companion" ; against the "unnecessary using of snuff"; and against "sleeping in Meeting" ! As a result of all these beliefs and practices and ad­ monitions the Quakers remained few in number and clan­ nish in character. They lived in groups around a Meeting­ house. They migrated from time to time; not so much to find new land as did the other pioneers who settled Ameri­ ca, but in the hope of less "persecution" by civil authority, or to find a new region in which they could set up without interference their own kind of plain living, their own brand of simple worship and their own attitude toward mankind. They were always trying to create an ideal world of their own in a world ill-suited to those ideals. And, al­ ways, they migrated in groups or streams-all at once or over a short period of time-to each new "promised land".

Quakerism is modernized today, along with sowing and reaping, roads and railroads, autos and airplanes and other things. But the beliefs described were the governing

14 factors in the lives of all the ancients of the Williams and Marine families. Many of the facts related in this chronicle have been gathered from the carefully kept and preserved records of the early Quaker "Meetings" in America. These facts disclose that for at least a century and a quarter the Williams and Marine families Ii ved as Quakers Ii ved, dressed as Quakers dressed, thought as Qu~kers thought, moved when Quakers moved and, for the most part, were controlled in their daily words and actions by the highly sober doctrines of their Quaker faith. The men appear to have been stern but kind; tenacious in their opinions and beliefs; hard-working; ultra-honest; skilled in all backwoods craftsmanship; good providers for their families after the standards of their day. They were country people. None held public office. Apparently none took special interest in government ex­ cept to the degree that government touched their Quaker beliefs. Many of them, however, were leaders in their Quaker communities and Meetings and, had their church permitted, would doubtless have been found in wider fields. That church taught them to desire nothing more than material and spiritual comfort in their homes and in their church organizations. Within these narrow bounds they lived and died. In time, however, the tightly drawn restrictions of the Quaker faith palled on the younger generations. By 1810 apostasy was occasional. By 1825 it was not unusual and by 1850 it was common. There is no known record of any member of these families, born after 1825, who remained a Quaker through his lifetime. ' With their dispersal from the church there came also a scattering of the clans. The descendants of Jonathan Wil­ liams and of Milleson Marine are today found from Oregon to Florida and in most of the states between. Some are farmers; others are in all the occupations and professions. Wherever they Ii ve and whatever they do, they have reason to be proud of the sturdy soundness of their an­ cestral line.

15 CHAPTER II

The Story of Jonathan Williams the First

~ HE first authentic ancestor of the Williams line, a ~certain Jonathan Williams, rises dimly out of the mist of early Quakerdom in southeastern Pennsyl­ vania. He was probably born near Nottingham, in Chester county, three miles or so from the present Maryland line, about the year 1710. His parentage is unknown, though suspected. One David Williams married Mary Malsby in Philadelphia county, Pennsylvania, on November 30, 1704. They were Quakers, and their union is recorded in the books of the Philadelphia Monthly Meeting for that year. No record connects David and Mary with• the later Jonathan. A connection is suspected because the name, "David", has been a most common given name in all early generations of the Williams line; and because Malsbys ( or Maulsbys) are recorded in almost every community where the descendants of Jonathan Williams ever lived during their Quaker generations. The families were neighbors and friends. Jonathan's parents, whoever they v:,ere, seem to have formed a part of that great southward wave of Quaker migration which arose in Pennsylvania in the second dec­ ade of the Eighteenth century. That wave reached the Monocacy Valley, then in the upper part of old Prince George county, Maryland, about 1725. Many of the emigrants, especially the groups from around Nottingham, Pennsylvania and Salem, New Jersey, stopped in this princely valley instead of going on as

16 others did across the Potomac into Virginia. They settled down in what is today Frederick county, at the approxi­ ma·te. site of the present city of Frederick, some forty miles northwest of the swamps and hills which later were chosen as a site for the nation's capital. There Jonathan's parents took up "tomahawk rights". They deadened the trees around a spring and blazed others around the boundaries of the piece of land they wanted; and they built a cabin near the spring. Though these ac­ tions had no legal standing, the principle of "tomahawk rights" was in those days well respected by all settlers. An early record lists a "Williams family'' among the first in­ habitants of the neighborhood which later became the city of Frederick. There,. presumably, Jonathan I was reared to man­ hood; there his parents died and were buried, and there Jonathan met and married Mary (surname unknown). The first positive record of them is that of the birth of their son David "on January 24, 1742, in Prince George county, Maryland." A daughter, Sarah, was born January 17, 1747. There may have been other children, but no record of them remains. Both Jonathan and Mary were faithful Quakers. About 1740 the Fairfax Monthly Meeting was established to cover all Quakerdom in northwest Maryland and north­ east Virginia. The headquarters Meetinghouse was in Fair­ fax, Virginia, but another church was also built on the Monocacy to accommodate the Maryland folk and the Monthly Meetings were held alternately at each place. Jonathan I was among the founders of this Meeting. On July 27, 1746, he was appointed overseer, a job which in­ cluded direction of all the temporal affairs of the or­ ganization.

Even then Jonathan was considering his next move. The Maryland Quakers were becoming restive under Mary land laws. Quaker marriages were not recognized as legal ones. Quakers were taxed to maintain the established "Church of England". They were also subject to military

17 conscription for the Indian wars in which none of them believed. Then, too, a vast change had come over the country in which Jonathan's parents had settled some 20 years be­ fore. Maryland was a proprietary colony and under its charter from the King the Proprietor was both ruler of the province and owner of its soil. He leased that soil to set­ tlers on annual "quit-rents" payable either in money or tobacco. In March, 1732, the Proprietor had announced as fol­ lows: "We being desirous to increase the number of hon­ est people within our province of Mary land, and willing to give suitable encouragement to such to come and settle thereon, do now of fer that any person having a family who shall ... settle on any of the back lands on the north­ ern or western boundaries of our said province between the rivers Potomack and Susquehanna will be given 200 acres of said lands with no payment the refor and with four shillings annual quit-rent for each 100 acres after the first three years." The invitation brought a horde of Protestant Germans from the Palatinate. By 1740 the town of Frederick (named a£ ter Frederick the Great) had been established and the gutteral German had become almost the common language of the Monocacy Valley. Even today every other name in Frederick and around it is of German origin. Perhaps that situation, added to their other problems, encouraged the Monocacy Quakers to abandon their "toma­ hawk rights" and move on. At any rate, by 1748 another Quaker migration was well under way, this time to North Carolina. In July of that year, Jonathan I and Mary his wife and the children David and Sarah, and five other families, bundled their goods and chattels into wagons and onto horses and, driving their few head of loose livestock, began the long trek across the Potomac, southwest along the eastern foothills of the Blue Ridge to the southern line of Virginia, and then fifty miles still farther into the ''middlelands" of North Carolina.

18 Why Jonathan and his Quaker neighbors stopped where they did would be mysterious today except for one reason. Neither tidewater nor mountain, the middlelands of North Carolina were then, as now, scrub-forested and poorly watered. The soil is a heavy red clay, sticky when wet and exceedingly hard when dry. Rainfall is only mod­ erate and dry years not uncommon. A little tobacco, a little corn and a vegetable plot comprised the farming then and covers it now. Game was plentiful in the woods, of course. Deer, bear, turkey, 'possum, raccoon and squirrels abounded, and the passenger pigeon was good eating. The real reason for this settlement in the "back coun­ try", however, seems to have been that it was then but lightly settled, was far from established churches and courts of law, and was hundreds of miles from the nearest German settlement. The few other settlers in the neighbor­ hood were, for the most part, Scotch-Irish Presbyterians. The Quakers thought they had found sanctuary; though they were to learn differently about that within twenty years.

By the year 17 51 enough Quaker families had gath­ ered to warrant the formation of a church. On June 6 of that year the minutes of the Perquiman and Little River Quarterly Meeting, 100 miles further east, record that "Friends of Cane Creek wrote to our meeting desiring a Monthly Meeting to be settled amongst them. Several Friends from them parts appeared and acquainted Friends that there is thirty families and upwards of Friends set­ tled in them parts."

Permission to establish the Cane Creek Monthlv., Meeting to serve these "thirty families and upwards" was granted, the jurisdiction of the new Meeting including all of the present Caswell, Person, Alamance, Chatharn and Orange counties, together with parts of Rockingham, Guilford, Randolph, Lee, Wake and Durham counties in North Carolina-an area roughly ninety miles in diame­ ter in all directions. The first log meetinghouse was erected at about the center of this great area, one and a half miles northeast

19 of what is now the little village of Snow Camp in southern Alamance (then Orange) county, late in 1751. A few years later the Meeting was given twenty-six acres of land a little way northwest of Snow Camp, and here was built a second Meetinghouse, larger and more pretentious than the first. · That building served the Cane Creekers faithfully for more than 130 years ( or until 1879, when it burned and was replaced by a large frame structure which was still in use in 1939). The present building, on the site of the old one, stands half-hidden by huge oaks, elms and shellbark hick­ ories, all of them old enough to have witnessed the raising of the first Meetinghouse logs more than 180 years ago. Quakers of seven or eight generations lie buried around the Meetinghouse in a quiet peace which may be what all good Quakers always sought and never found while living. Jonathan Williams the First was one of the heads of these "thirty families", and either a founder or one of the very first members of the Cane Creek Monthly Meeting. He and five other heads of families from the Monocacy had certificates from the Fairfax Monthly Meeting in Vir­ ginia, and all of these certificates were deposited at Cane Creek.

From meager available records it seems probable that Jonathan I had settled on a farm seven or eight miles south of the Meetinghouse, near what is today the little village of Waldo in northern Chatham county. In the fall of 1748 and with the help of neighbors Jonathan built his one­ room log cabin and chinked it with the plentiful red clay. He made a fireplace of the local soapstone and a chimney of the same red clay molded over hickory withes. His floor was of hand-hewn slabs smoothed only on one side, and his roof was of riven clapboards. The table was a great clap­ board set on four wooden pegs. The chairs were three­ legged stools and the bed, built into the wall in a corner, was of hand-hewn slabs covered with home-tanned bear­ and deer-skins and with blankets which Mary herself had woven back in Maryland. Many such cabins, long desolate and untenanted in the "middlelands", still stand as mute

20 THE PRESENT CANE CREEK MEETINGHOUSE

THE CANE CREEK CEMETERY

21 testimony to the ingenuity and hardihood of the North Carolina pioneers. There was, of course, a spinning wheel and a home­ made loom, and each cabin had its hand mill and a hominy block. The table furniture consisted mainly of home-made wooden trenchers, platters, bowls and spoons, and the cups were gourds. There was one steel knife, and it may be that Mary had one precious pewter spoon. The crops were flax, corn, melons, squash, pumpkins, beans. Game abounded for the taking. There was an ox or two, a cow, and perhaps a few hogs and sheep later on after the wolves had been driven out of the neighborhood.

In these surroundings the children David and Sarah were reared. A harsh life and a hard one; but undoubtedly full of pleasant satisfactions for both parents and children.

Jonathan himself was for a number of years a faithful members of the Cane Creek Meeting, even though the strict prohibitions of the Quaker faith were not always in har­ mony with his own temperament. In 17 52, for example, he was condemned in Meeting for the use of "bad language", and it took five months of earnest pleading on the part of Mary and of other Friends to bring him around to the point where he "offered a paper of condemnation for his mis­ conduct which was received as satisfaction." Nothing more appears in the Cane Creek records about Jonathan until 1763, when he made his final official ap­ pearance in the Meeting. He was disowned in that year­ that is, his name was struck from the membership roll­ for "making accusations against a Friend which the Meet­ ing held groundless." Tenacious in his beliefs, stubborn in his attitudes, re­ bellious against authority, quick to anger and slow to for­ giveness-qualities which in large or small degree have appeared more than once in Williams' family history­ ] onathan I refused to apologize or to retract his ac­ cusations. He appears no more as a Quaker.

22 Perhaps the rapidly changing times themselves -had something to do with Jonathan's state of mind. Life was no longer so simple as when he had brought Mary and the children to the "middle lands". "Government'' was reach­ ing out from the tidewater counties and assuming more and more control over the behavior, manners, religious be.. liefs and earnings of those independent spirits who had originally moved into North Carolina in order to live their lives in their own way. The government was that of a Royalist Crown Colony. As earlier in Maryland, laws wer~ passed levying tithes on all citizens for the support of the Episcopal church. Heavy fines were laid on those who ref used to pay. Episcopal marriages were the only legal ones. Quakers were ex­ cused from military service, yes ; but only by providing a substitute or by the payment of Ten Pounds in money. Colonial officers in the middlelands were all royalists and Church of Englanders, appointed by a governor who sat at New Berne (Newbern) on tidewater away off at the eastern edge of the state. They were filled by the spirit of petty graft, as well as with intolerance for the Quakers and for the Scotch-Irish Presbyterians who had settled in the same region. New and heavier taxes were constantly being laid. When the Quakers refused to pay them the levies were doubled, and when they again ref used to pay their stock or other property was seized. Quakerdom was rebellious though undetermined what to do. Religion bade Quakers submit to oppression and they did so, but they were not com£ortable in their minds about it. John Griffith, a Quaker missionary who visited the Cane Creek Monthly Meeting in 1765, wrote: "A large meeting, but most of the members seemed void of a solid sense and solemnity. A spirit of self­ righteousness and contention was plainly felt. Most of them semed very unfit for spiritual building." He sensed the feelings of the people but failed to discern the cause.

23 A new source of grievance to these men of simple hab­ its was a poll tax of 25 Shillings 6 Pence per head, levied in 1768 for three years, the money to go toward paying a final Ten Thousand Pounds for the completion of the Governor's mansion at New Berne. Groups of men began to meet quietly in their farm homes. The spirit of protest grew. In April, 1768, an or­ ganization was per£ected-an oath-bound association which thus eliminated the professing Quakers. The oath pledged its members to pay no taxes "until satisfied that the levies are agreeable to law"; and those who took it "desired the sheriffs will not come this way to charge the levy, for we will pay none before there is settlement to our satis­ faction." The group was first known as ''the mob"; but soon came to be known as "The Regulators". Within a year or so its actions helped to make bloody history in the Cane Creek section of the middlelands.

All of these happenings may have influenced the next move of Jonathan I. It may be, too, that his relations with his Quaker neighbors became more strained as time went on. At any rate, soon after the formation of the Regulators Jonathan shook the red clay dust of Chatham county from his feet and, with Mary his wife and David his son, moved into the low country seventy-five miles southeastward. Sarah, the daughter, had been married at the age of 15, on May 19, 1762, to William Hobson, son of George and Hanna Hobson, born in Frederick county, Virginia, on January 17, 1739, and had a home and children of her own. In January, 1769, Jonathan bought a farm of 100 acres on the north edge of what is now Cumberland county (Fayetteville the county seat). He paid Twenty-Two Pounds Ten Shillings in "proclamation money" for this tract "on the lower side of lower Little River, with all the ways, woods, waters, water-courses, rights, liberties and appurtenances thereof; said land being part of a tract granted to George Fou]es by His Majesty's Letters of Patent on October 10, 1762.,.

24 In the same year Jonathan bought 65 acres adjoining the 100 acres, and a year or so later still another 100 acres adjoining but across the river. For these three tracts he paid the total sum of Sixty Pounds Ten Shillings procla­ mation money; that is, the colonial paper money of the day. That was a great deal of money in 1769. Jonathan had been thrifty.

The move to Cumberland county brought fortune to David, the son; expressed not in terms of money but of life. There David met and married Deborah Horser, born April 19, 1750, to Azariah and Mary Horser in this same county. Five years after Deborah's birth her father had bought 56 acres of land on lower Little River and had moved there. The land first purchased by Jonathan I exactly joined the Horser farm. The two families were close neighbors and became close friends; closer than usual, perhaps, because no other Quakers are known to have been near by. It was mostly a Presbyterian neighborhood. David was 27, De­ borah 19, and they were married be£ ore the end of the first year.

There is a tradition in Fayetteville that Azariah Hor­ ser built a water-power grist mill on his farm and that he changed the course of Little River in order to get water for power. All that remains today is positive evidence that the course of the river was changed, and records to prove that it was done some time prior to the War of the Revo­ lution. Little River forms the present boundary line between Cumberland and Harnett counties, the latter having been cut off from the former about 100 years ago. Descriptions in title deeds definitely locate the Williams and Horser farms about five miles above the junction of Little River with Cape Fear River, and about one mile above the junc­ tion of Little River with its "eastern branch", now known as Stewart's Creek. The present main auto road between Raleigh and Fay­ etteville crosses Little River at this point over a very mod- J 0 W 1804

26 ern concrete bridge which is still known as "Williams' Bridge" in memory of the one which Jonathan Williams doubtless threw across the river in order to get from one side of his farm to the other nearly one hundred and sev­ enty years ago.

But the move to Cumberland county had its disad­ vantages. The wave of Revolutionary sentiment was sweep­ ing rapidly onward in North Carolina, and most strongly in the semi-tidewater counties of which Cumberland was one. Many Quakers were Tories. All were officially neu­ trals, willing to trade with both sides but unwilling to fight for either. They were not popular. Jonathan I and the Horsers were almost alone in their attitude in the Cumberland region, a section so strongly rebellious that, on the very day its people learned of the Battle of Lexington and the famous ride of Paul Revere, they declared for independence. The first "Declaration of Independence" ever signed and issued in the Colonies came out of the old slave market building in Fayetteville ( still standing) on May 5, 177 5 ; more than a year ahead of the famous Philadelphia document of 1776. Long before that the local sentiment had become too hot for Jonathan I. In 1772 he decided to get out. So did Azariah Horser. Both sold their lands and Jonathan and Mary returned to Cane Creek, where David and Deborah had preceded them and where Sarah and her husband still lived. Jonathan got his money back out of his lands, minus Ten Shillings; all, however, still in "proclamation money". His deeds were signed "Jonathan (his X mark) Williams." At the approximate age of sixty-plus he had never learned. to read and write. Few could among the backwoods pio­ neers. His last piece of Cumberland county land was sold after his return to Chatham county, and that deed de­ scribes him as "Jonathan Williams of Chatham County, Farmer." All that is· known ( or believed) about Jonathan I after this is the fact that, in the older part of the Cane Creek

27 cemetery, there· still stands a small soapstone monument inscribed "Ju W 1804''. Non-Quakers or disowned Quakers could be buried in Quaker cemeteries; but under Quaker rules no record would be made of such burials. There is no record of Mary, either, in the later years; so both of them must be allowed to slip quietly back into the mist from which they emerged more than eighty years before. Sarah, who married William Hobson in 1762, had a long and honored record as wife and mother. She bore fourteen children, eight boys and six girls. The family lived in Chatham county until 1807 when she, her hus­ band, and most of the children and their families under­ took the long overland migration to Ohio which was just then fashionable among North Carolina Quakers. Sarah died in Wilmington, Ohio, April 19, 1818, and is buried there. One of her descendants (probably) is Richmond Pearson Hobson of the Spanish-American War.

28 CHAPTER III

The Story of David

r::7f Jl JHEN David Williams married Deborah Horser ~ [_Vin Cumberland county, North Carolina, in 1770, the young couple went at once to Alamance county ( then Orange) and settled down not far from the Cane Creek Meetinghouse. The exact location is uncer­ tain, as no ancient civil records are on file at Hillsboro, the county seat of old Orange county. Many of these rec­ ords were lost in an early fire; others were ruined when Cornwallis ravaged the region in 1781. To save them from Cornwallis the records were put into barrels and sunk in the Eno River-and the barrels leaked ! David and Deborah stepped at once into stirring times. The Regulators, whose organization was new and untried when David had gone to Cumberland county in 1768, were still protesting against tax seizures and becoming more and more angry against what they termed the petty perse­ cution of local officials. In September, 1770, the peace was broken violently. A horse had been taken to cover a tax levy. The owner appeared in protest before the Superior Court at Hills­ boro, and about 100 Regulators, all armed with clubs and whips, came with him. The result was a riot. Several mem­ bers of the "court house gang" were injured. Colonel Ed­ ward Fanning, chief of the taxgatherers, hid under the judge's bench, but was dragged out by the heels and threatened with hanging, though the Regulators finally compromised by running him out of town. The Superior Judge adjourned court and, at night, escaped into the woods without harm.

29 Fanning issued a call for the local militia to stamp out the Regulators but got no results. Nearly the whole of Orange county was against him. Then he appealed to Governor Tryon at New Berne, who again ordered the militia to arm for local war. Again the citizens refused. In May, 1771, however, Tryon personally marched from New Berne at the head of 1,100 well-trained and well-armed colonial troops. He was determined to put down the "in­ surrection". On May 16 he met the Regulators at the "Battle of Alamance", a scant ten miles north of the Cane Creek Meetinghouse and perhaps half that far from David's cabin in the ''clearing". The Regulators were undisciplined, untrained, many of them unarmed and, though numbering more than 2,000, they stood no chance whatever against the colonial troops whose first vicious volley killed and ,wounded many and sent the unarmed citizens, many of them mere spectators, to flight. The others resorted to Indian methods, scattered into the forest, and began to return the colonial fire. Tyron's answer to that was to order the woods set on fire. Some of the wounded Regu­ lators were thus roasted alive, and among the insurgents as a whole there were nine dead and thirty missing. This event, of which David may well have been an unarmed witness, might be called the first battle of the War of the Revolution. Tryon felt that he was putting down rebellion against the colonial government. The Regu­ lators felt that they were resisting local oppression and extortion. They had no thought of trying to wrest the colony from England; but they were charged with so thinking. Severe penalties were imposed on all the Regulator leaders and they fled into hiding, most of them over the mountains into the relatively unexplored regions of west­ ern North Carolina. In those days the state extended from the Atlantic Ocean to the "great water". There they found­ ed the Watauga settlement, which in time became the new state of "Franklin", which in turn eventually became Ten­ nessee. Thus was exploration and settlement in Ameri­ ca hastened.

30 Tryon shortly resigned. His successor, Colonial Gov­ ernor Martin, visited Orange county about 1773, met the leaders of the insurrection and believed their stories. The riot act was repealed, the penalties remitted, and Martin said he was convinced that the trouble had arisen because of insolent and cruel advantages taken by petty officehold­ ers which had brought upon them the just resentment of a persecuted people. The old courthouse crowd was cleaned out and new officials appointed, and Ii£ e thereafter be­ came more bearable for David and all his Quaker and Pres­ byterian neighbors; at least for the few years remaining be£ ore the War of the Revolution got under way.

In the midst of the Regulator disturbances David and Deborah were rearing a family. Rachel was born on April 20, 1771; Sarah on March 20, 1773. Azariah came on April 15, 1775, Jonathan on March 18, 1779 and Deborah on June 29, 1781. Records show that the first four children were born in Orange county and that Deborah was born in Chatham county. Chatham was separated from Orange in 1771, so it is evide11t that, around 1780, David and the family moved ten rr. · ;; or so south, probably to the farm on which Jona­ than .d Mary had settled some 30 years earlier and on which they still lived. David's parents were getting old by 1780 and the farm may have needed a young man's hands. Of the five children born to David and Deborah much is known of Azariah ( see Chapter IV) ; something about the girls and nothing at all of Jonathan except the fact of his birth. Rachel and Sarah were received into Quaker membership by the Cane Creek Monthly Meeting, at the request of their parents, on June 2, 1781. Rachel married Jonathan Doan (born August 7, 1773), son of John Doan of Chatham county, in 1793. To them five children were born through the years from 1793 to 1807 ; David, John, Elizabeth, Sarah and Joseph, in the order named. The fam­ ily moved to Jefferson county, Tennessee, in 1801 and to Friendsville in Blount county (20 miles southwest of Knoxville) in 1803. In 1808 when the Newberry Monthly

31 Meeting was organized at Friendsville, Rachel was made an elder of the Women's Meeting. In August, 1815, the family moved to Indiana Territory (Wayne county) and Rachel was presently disowned by the Quakers for "join­ ing the Methodists". There her record ends. Sarah seems to have loved unwisely in 1792 and-rare occurrence in those backwoods days-the man in the case was not in a marrying mood. She was disowned by the Cane Creek Meeting "for having a child in an unmarried state." Ten years later she married a man named Warren, not a Quaker, and they moved to Tennessee to join the Doan family there. Deborah did not marry. She went to Tennessee with Rachel in 1801 and died there a year later, October 13, 1802, aged 21 years.

The armies of the War of the Revolution failed to dis­ turb the Cane Creekers until 1781. The struggle in North Carolina, however, took on the form of a vicious civil war. From 1776 on there were frequent guerrilla skirm­ ishes between roving bands of Tories and Whigs. The bulk, though by no means all, of the criminal and disor­ derly classes espoused the King's cause. They murdered, robbed, or drove off the Whigs in their hours of triumph, and were in turn the victims of ferocious reprisals. Quak­ ers took no open part; but they were victims. Both Tories and Whigs butchered their stock and stole their provi­ sions. Quakers slept lightly and lived hard through all the war years. In February, 1781, Cornwallis came into the county with 2,200 men and on March 15 was met at Guilford Court House, 40 miles northwest of Cane Creek, by Greene of the Continental Army with 4,400 men. The battle was indecisive, though Green lost 300 men and Cornwallis 532. The latter fell back toward Wilmington and Greene fol­ lowed him, offering battle but not getting it. Both armies had ravaged the country for fifty miles around for food. A British lieutenant has written of that campaign: "This day Col. Ferguson got the rear--guard in order to do his King and country service by protecting friends and

32 widows and destroying rebel property; also to collect live­ stock for the army. All of which we effect by destroying furniture, breaking windows, etc., and taking their cattle, horses, mules, sheep, and their negroes to drive them." That spring and summer were not easy on the non­ resistant Quakers until a new crop could be raised.

There is no available record of the death of David's wife, Deborah. In 1794, however, David married Tabitha Hardin of the "Back Creek neighborhood"; Back Creek being in Randolph county about 20 miles west of the Cane Creek Meetinghouse. Tabitha was not a Quaker. Records of the Cane Creek Meeting of September 6, 1794, show that David was con­ demned for "marrying out of bounds". He was forgiven for the offense, however, on Tabitha's promise that she would become a Quaker; and this she did at the Back Creek Monthly Meeting of March 28, 1795. Because of her promise David himself had become eligible for a certificate to Back Creek. He obtained it at Cane Creek on November 1, 1794, presented it at Back Creek on the 29th of the same month, and settled down there with his new wife for a nine-year stay. With the exception of Azariah, David's children by Deborah did not go with him to Back Creek. Rachel, of course, was already married; and Sarah and Deborah stayed at Cane Creek with Rachel. Azariah, as we shall learn later in this narrative, soon discovered that he could not live with his new stepmother and promptly solved the problem to his own complete satisfaction. Tabitha seems to have been a widow when she married David. There are records in the Williams family of six sons and three daughters born to them through the years -David junior, Zadoc, Nathan, Solomon, Benajah a~1d Gabriel; Martha, Margaret and Charity. In addition to these, however, three other "daughters of Tabitha"-Darkis (Dorcas), Susanna and Hanna-are from time to time re­ ferred to in the minutes of the Quaker Meetings. The Wil­ liams family records speak of a Dorcas Williams who was

33 supposedly the daughter of David and Deborah and full sister to Azariah, Rachel and the others ; but this is an evident error. There was no Dorcas in Deborah's family.

After his marriage to Tabitha and his removal to Back Creek David does not again appear in Quaker records until September 27, 1800; and then under a very. dark cloud. He was condemned by the Meeting and disowned for "giving way to passion, using bad and violent language, and un­ reasonably beating his wife's daughter with an unlawful instrument"! Why the words, "his wife's daughter"? Would the Meeting have used this peculiar phrase about one of Da­ vid's daughters? And what was the "unlawful instrument''? Later generations can only speculate on these things; though note may easily be taken that David had inherited his father's wilful temperament. As for David himself, he appears to have been out of the Meeting for some time. His offense was again con­ sidered on December 27, 1800, and the verdict against him was affirmed; although he was told that he had a right to appeal to the Quarterly Meeting, which controlled a dozen or more Monthly Meetings at that time. David stood firm in his belief that he should "be King in his own House", for appeal he did. The minutes of the Quarterly Meeting are silent on what happened then; but it is evident that, by hook or by crook, he won a final ver­ dict for himself and was reinstated in the Meeting against the wishes of his own neighbors. His position at Back Creek may not have been so pleasant after that, for in the winter of 1803 he left the neighborhood forever. He and all his family-David junior, Nathan, Zadoc, Benajah; Ta­ bitha and daughters Dorcas, Susanna, Hanna, Martha and Charity-were granted certificates by the Back Creek Meeting in Randolph county to the Deep Creek Meeting in Yadkin county, 20 miles or so west of the present city of Winston-Salem. The family were received at Deep Creek on March 3, 1804, and here they lived-fifty miles west of their old home-for six years. Six uneventful years

34 except for the fact that three other children were born to David and Tabitha in this Deep Creek community.

David was ge!ting old. In 1809 he celebrated his 67th birthday. But he was still not too old to move again if in doing so he could hold to Quaker ideals. This time the question of slavery undoubtedly ( even if indirectly) gov­ erned his actions. From the beginning of its existence the Society of Friends had stood against slavery. But slavery was very common in both North and South Carolina, and in the earlier days of Quaker migration to these two states many Q1;1akers fell into the ways of the country and bought slaves. There is no record that David Williams ever owned a slave, though his sister's husband, William Hobson, is known to have possessed at least one. But the question was vitally alive in Quakerdom. Continual religious pressure was brought against those Quakers who did own slaves to free them. Equal pressure was brought on all Quakers to discourage slavery every­ where. Many Quakers did free their slaves; and the unat­ tached negroes became such public burdens that the State of North Carolina passed a law forbidding the setting free of slaves without the official consent of the county court. Some Quakers found their way around this law by deed­ ing their slaves to the Meeting to which they belonged and, since these slaves became to all intents and purposes freedmen, the Meetings themselves were brought into con­ flict with established law. Dissatisfaction grew among Quakers on the slavery question. Many were ready to leave North Carolina to get away from this most troublesome problem. If only they knew where to go! Tennessee had become a state in 1796, but for nearly a quarter of a century before that scouts had been returning to North Carolina telling of the rich, well-watered, sparse­ ly settled land which needed people, and where the slavery question was almost unknown. Daniel Boone, eight years older than David Williams, had been reared on the banks of the Yadkin River only a few miles from David's later cabin. In this neighborhood Boone, in 1773, had organized

35 his party of "twenty-seven guns and four women" for the settlement of Kentucky; and to it he often came back to tell of the glories of the various "new lands" he had found in his wanderings. He told of Tennessee, of Kentucky, and of Ohio; and everybody on the Yadkin knew what to expect if and when they went "over the mountains''. By 1800 hundreds of other men had gone. Many sent back word of Tennessee. Others told of Ohio and Indiana in the new Northwest Territory-regions flowing with milk and honey where slavery was forever forbidden by Act of Congress. So a great migration began, not only from the Yadkin country but from all of North Carolina. Not only from North Carolina but from South Carolina and Virginia. Some families went into Tennessee as the shortest move. Others cut straight across the mountains to the Ohio Riv­ er and down that river on flatboats. In the years between 1801 and 1813 more than 2,000 Quaker families thus moved. Some of the Williams ancestors chose the Ohio journey; but most of the Quakers of the North Carolina middle­ lands took the nearer Tennessee.

As will be seen in Chapter IV, "The Story of Aza­ riah", this son of David and Deborah had moved to Ten­ nessee in 1802. Deborah's daughters had gone in 1801 and, with Azariah and his family, were settled comfortably on the Tennessee River in Blount county near the little vil­ lage of Friendsville. David decided to join them there. So the family of fourteen-David and Tabitha, David junior, Nathan, Za­ doc, Benajah, Gabriel, Solomon, Dorcas, Susanna, Hanna, Martha, Margaret and Charity-with all their family pos­ sessions, wound a difficult way from Yadkin county over the pass north of Grandfather mountain, struck a tribu­ tary of the Holston River known as Lost Creek at a point east of the present city of Elizabethton, Tennessee, fol­ lowed that creek to the Holston, followed the Holston to its junction with the French Broad (where the Tennessee River begins), and then down the Tennessee to a point about 20 miles southwest of the (then) village of Knox-

36 THE FRIENDSVILLE QUAKER CEMETERY IN WHICH DAVID WILLIAMS RESTS

THE PRESENT QUAKER MEETING HOUSE AT FRIENDSVILLE. TENNESSEE, ON THE SITE OF AN OLD LOG BUILDING IN WHICH THE WILLIAMS FAMILY WORSHIPPED, 1803-14 ville. There they came to rest after two whole months of arduous travel, and there they joined the Newberry Month­ ly Meeting on January 6, 1810. Williams family records have it that the family set­ tled in Loudon county "on the Holston River". The Ten­ nessee River is a continuation of the Holston; and Loudon county, when formed in 1870, acquired the western side of Blount county. The various families had settled, there­ fore, on the east side of the Tennessee River in what is now Loudon county, and close to Friendsville, a little Quaker settlement which had come into being in 1796 on land owned by one William Hackney, whose descendants still live there and operate the old grist mill which Hack­ ney opened for business some 140 years ago. Friendsville is today a village of perhaps 200 people, not much if any larger than when the Williams families went there. Cotton was then the principal crop of the neighborhood. A little corn, an occasional vegetable patch and a bit of tobacco are about all that the wornout soil will stand now-soil of the same red clay variety on the same sort of rolling hills as those which David had left behind him in North Carolina. David died at Friendsville, aged about 70 years, and was buried in the little Quaker cemetery at the southwest edge of the village. There is no identifiable headstone. There are scores of unmarked soapstones (the common monument material of the Quakers in those days), and it is pleasant to presume that David Williams lies under one of them. The old log Meetinghouse is gone today, and in its place stands a more modern frame structure which still houses the Friendsville Monthly Meeting once known as Newberry. After David's death Tabitha and some of her children, including Zadoc and Nathan and the daughters Dorcas, Susanna, Hanna, Margaret and Martha, moved north to Wayne county, Indiana, and were all received into the New Garden Monthly Meeting there on August 20, 1816. Of the other children who remained at Friendsville for a time, David junior was disowned in 1816 for "accom-

38 plishing his marriage contrary to discipline". He then moved to Indiana and eventually bought a farm (1829) three miles east of Fountain City in Wayne county. In 1824 Benajah was disowned for "accomplishing his marriage contrary to discipline, for attending military service and for using profane language". Solomon was disowned for the use of profane language and for attend­ ing a military meeting, and Gabriel was disowned for the use of profane language. Solomon and Gabriel more or less promptly moved to Indiana and, according to Williams family records, Solomon married and obtained a farm in Delaware county. Tabitha went to live with him there and eventually died there ( eight miles west of the present city of Muncie) at the age of 90. Nathan, who had married a Charity Williams at Friendsville in 1812 and who went with Tabitha to Indi­ ana, was disowned by the Indiana Quakers in 1817 "for attending musters and military training". Zadoc was dis­ owned for "joining another society". Nothing is known of the girls from the time they were received by the New Garden (Indiana) Meeting in 1816; but there is no record to show that any of Tabitha's children remained members of the Quaker faith in Indiana. All of them except Zadoc eventually drop from sight. The later story of Zadoc himself, and of how he hap­ pened to "join another society", and of what happened after that, will be told in Chapter VIII of this chronicle.

39 CHAPTER IV

The Story of Azariah

~ ZARIAH WILLIAMS, son of David and Deborah, ~ was born in the Cane Creek neighborhood on April 15, 177 5. Nothing is heard of him in Quaker records for nineteen years, though at some time in his ear lier youth he had evidently joined the Meeting. In 1794, however, came the crisis of his life. His father, David, married a new wife. Perhaps the marriage to Ta­ bitha had come too soon after Deborah's death. Perhaps because Tabitha was a widow; perhaps because she was not a Quaker-whatever the reason, David's new bride was distasteful to Deborah's daughters. To Deborah's son she was impossible. Azariah ran away from home. In those days the life and labor of a son belonged to the father until the son became of age. Azariah still owed his father almost two years, and David was angry at his son's desertion. What else he did to "bring the young scamp to his senses" has not been written; but he did promptly complain to the Quaker Meeting. Azariah was a Quaker. Quakers respected the rights of fathers and con­ demned those who failed to honor them. What more natu­ ral for angry David to do than to try to bring down the wrath of the Quaker God on the erring son? On January 31, 1795, the Meeting received David's complaint "against Azariah Williams for absconding from his father under age and moving from the Monthly Meet­ ing without the concurrence of Friends, and two Friends were appointed to inform him if he does not condemn his misconduct Friends will be under the necessity to dis­ own him"!

40 The two Friends failed to find Azariah for three months; but in April, 1795, they reported to the Meeting "an opportunity with him but he not offering satisfaction a testification against him should be· prepared". At the next Monthly Meeting the "testification" was produced, read and approved, and Azariah's name was struck from the Meeting rolls. Little Azariah cared ! He was on his own now with no stern father to tell him what to do! He had traveled north­ west more than 100 miles, all through comparative wilder­ ness, and had come finally to a little settlement in the beautiful Shennando Valley of Virginia. No Williams had ever lived there and no Quakers had ever settled there, and Azariah was contented. He had broken with his past. In the extreme upper (southern) end of this Shennan­ do Valley (long later the name was corrupted to "Shenan­ doah") Azariah found work, a construction job on a local road. Perhaps he boarded with the road overseer, who was a minor employe of Montgomery County, Virginia. This county then extended from its present northern border southwest to the state line. · At all events the road overseer was Charles Blakesley, who had a daughter, Sarah, of Azariah's age. She was born January 5, 177 5. The Blakesleys were not Quakers. There is no record of any Blakesley family in the Virginia Meet­ ings, although those of southwest Virginia are complete from the year 1734 on. Sarah was a welcome change, just then, from the Quaker girls in their drab costumes and poke bonnets whom Azariah had known. He fell promptly in love, but he had to ''prove himself" for a number of years to Sarah and her family before she finally married him.

The Williams family records contain several stories of Sarah's girlhood. Azariah Williams, grandson of Sarah, writing in 1910, remembered hearing his grandmother say that on one occasion "when she was 17 years old she trav­ eled on foot with her brother and a neighboring man sev­ enty miles through the Virginia wilderness, and they had to camp one night on the way. About sundown they halted

41 at a creek to camp and the men noticed smoke coming through the brush and they started to reconnoiter to see who was there and saw two Indians, and they deliberately raised their guns and fired on the Indians, killing one In­ dian and wounding the other, and then rushed on the crip­ pled one and finished him with their tomahawks; then got their guns and blankets and hid them in a hollow tree, and on their return trip got the guns and blankets and took them home and hid them for a time and afterward got them out and sold them." Grandson Azariah also relates that his grandmother was born in Virginia and that she was in the Shenandoah Valley when "General Washington's army was on one side of the valley and the British army on the other side, when she was about seven or eight years old, and that the armies commenced firing at each other over her head across the valley, and she did not let any grass grow under her feet while getting away from there." In the light of history one may be somewhat skeptical about stories su~h as these; entirely aside from the fact that it was some job for a girl to walk seventy miles in two days. All Indians except a few ''settlement friendlies'' had long since been driven west of the Alleghenies by the time Sarah was 17 year old, and to shoot a "friendly'' was not considered quite sportsmanship. Moreover) no Revolutionary battle was ever fought in any part of the Shenandoah Valley; not even a skirmish. The nearest that British soldiers ever got to the Valley (except as prisoners of war at Winchester), was when Tarleton disbanded the Virginia legislature at Charlottes­ ville without a fight. . This is not to say, of course, that Sarah never saw a skirmish of any sort. Roving bands of Tory and Whig guerrillas scourged southern Virginia just as they did North Carolina, and perhaps Sarah's memory of an excit­ ing moment grew with the passing of her years.

The Williams family records state that Azariah and Sarah "were married about the year 1800 in Virginia and

42 Jonathan their second son was born in Virginia and moved with their family to Tennessee when about three years old." It is also recorded that Jonathan was born on June 17, 1803 and his elder brother Charles, August 6, 1801. That Jonathan's birth date is correct as given is at­ tested by Quaker records; but he appears to have been born in Tennessee, not Virginia. His parents left Virginia in 1802. Azariah had not entirely lost touch with his family. His sister Rachel, at least, knew where he was and what he was doing. Rachel and her husband, Jonathan Doan, had moved to Tennessee in 1801, and at the time were set­ tled at Friends' Station, near the village of Newmarket in Jefferson county. They liked Tennessee so well that Rachel got word to Azariah to bring Sarah and son Charles and join them in the new land. Rachel, then a devout Quaker, also wanted Azariah reinstated in the Faith so that he might at once take his place in the Jefferson county community of Friends. She circulated a petition in Jefferson county, asking the Back Creek Quakers in North Carolina to forgive Azariah for running away from home and for "marrying out of bounds". At the same time Azariah "prepared a pa per con­ demning his misconduct for which he had been disowned" and, thus armed, he and his family left Virginia for Ten­ nessee by way of North Carolina in the fall of 1802. By that time the passage of years had tempered Da­ vid's anger at his son. Azariah and his family stopped at Back Creek for a visit with David and Tabitha; and Aza­ riah appeared at the Back Creek Monthly Meeting on November 7, made his apologies in proper form, was rein­ stated, secured the certificate he wanted to the Lost Creek Monthly Meeting in Tennessee, and he and Sarah and little son Charles went happily on their way. They were too late to see Deborah, though; for she had died in October.

Azariah and family were received by the Lost Creek Meeting on February 9, 1803. They stayed in Jefferson

43 county, however, only a few months, and then moved on some 40 miles further southwest. Before the end of 1803 we find them at Friendsville, where they settled down for a ten-year stay. Rachel and her husband, Jonathan Doan, moved from Lost Creek with them. All kept their member­ ships in the Lost Creek Monthly Meeting, for it was not until 1808 that enough Quaker families had assembled at Friendsville to warrant the creation of another Meeting there. This Meeting was finally established by Azariah and others on May 28, 1808, and both Azariah Williams and Rachel Doan were made elders in that year. The record reads: "The Newberry Preparatory Meet­ ing proposes the recommending of Azariah Williams to the Quarterly Meeting for elJer. Ephriam Lee and Daniel Bonine are appointed to enquire into the unity Friends have with him in that station and, if they find nothing to hinder, to prepare a certificate for that purpose." A simi­ lar record about Rachel Doan appears in the Women's Meeting. Nothing hindered, and Azariah and Rachel were thus placed in charge of the spiritual affairs of their little Quaker neighborhood. Meanwhile, other children were following Charles and Jonathan II in the family of Azariah and Sarah. Deborah Ann in 1805 and Nancy in 1807; David in 1808, Alexander in 1810 and Azariah junior in 1813; all born at Friendsville except Charles, who had been brought into the world in Virginia. In March, 1814, after considering the matter carefully and-doubtless-prayerfully for more than a year, the Williams tribe at Friendsville decided to move once more, this time to the new "promised land" of Indiana Territory. The "tribe" included Azariah and Sarah and the seven children, Jonathan and Rachel Doan and their five, and Tabitha and all of her brood except Charity and four of the boys who had at least temporary attractions of their own at Friendsville. They were headed for Richmond, In­ diana, a town just then being opened for settlement and which, for a decade thereafter, was to be one of the three rallying points for migrating Quakers from a dozen east­ ern and southern states. The other concentration points were Wilmington and Dayton, in Ohio.

44 Azariah and his family and apparently most others of the tribe stopped for a year in southern Preble county, Ohio, forty miles or so north of Cincinnati. He doubtless rented land and "made" a crop to add to the tribe's food reserve in the new country. In the spring of 1815, however, he pushed on over the Ohio-Indiana line into the neighborhood of Richmond,

THE AZARIAH WILLIAMS FARM IN OLD WAYNE COUNTY, INDIANA, AS IT APPEARED IN 1939. PASTURE IN FOREGROUND; CORNFIELD AND WOODLOT FARTHER AWAY and we find a definite record of him there in Young's "History of Wayne County, Indiana". "This year," says the chronicler, "quite a number found homes within the limits of Perry township, among them Azariah W illinms and Hezekiah Williams."

If any tie of blood existed between Azariah and He­ zekiah there is no known record to prove it. In any case

45 the tie was most remote. Hezekiah's great-grandfather, William Williams, was a member of Fairfax Monthly Meeting in Virginia at the time of Jonathan I, and the families doubtless were friends during the years that Jona­ than spent in the Monocacy Valley of Maryland. At least they belonged to the same Quaker Meeting. William Williams moved to Cane Creek in North Carolina in 1762, and again became Jonathan's neighbor. His grandson, William Williams the second, moved from Cane Creek to Friendsville; Tennessee, a year or two be­ fore Azariah went to that region. Finally, William Wil­ liams the second ( who had become a noted Quaker preach­ er) and his family of twelve, including his son Hezekiah, moved from Tennessee to Indiana the same year that Aza­ riah and his Williams tribe made their northward journey. It may even be that all of them took the long trail together. Thus we find Azariah and Hezekiah together in Perry township of Wayne County, Indiana, in the spring of 1815. This township lies in the northwest corner of Wayne coun­ ty and the little village of Economy is today its country trading center. In 1815, however, tb.ere was no town of Economy, and Perry township extended northward far into what later became Randolph county. Government land was being sold to settlers for $2 an acre, payable one-fourth down and the remainder in three equal annual installments beginning the third year, so that all of the purchase price had to be paid within five years. The government would not sell less than 160 acres to any settler, and as it happened, Azariah, though then 40 years of age, could not finance the purchase of a "government quarter". He didn't have $80 to spend just then. Neither did Hezekiah Williams. But between them they had money enough for the job. So Hezekiah filed on a quarter-section (160 acres) and signed his pledge to the government to pay; at the same time agreeing to sell half of the land to Azariah if and when full title was finally secured. And Azariah put up half the money needed for first payment, and half for the various subsequent pay­ ments.

4G The land selected lay six miles north of Economy and two and one-half miles straight east of the present village of Modoc in southwest Randolph (then a part of Wayne) county. It was nineteen miles by "airline" to Richmond, the only settlement of consequence; but doubtless Aza­ riah and Hezekiah could find no nearer government land untaken. Slightly rolling, with a small creek running diagonally across both halves of the quarter, and heavily timbered, it was undoubtedly the best land on which Aza­ riah had ever Ii ved. So he contentedly settled down for the longest stay of his eventful life and, on May 23, 1820, Hezekiah Wil­ liams gave him title to his eighty acres. So far as is known that farm was not only the first but the only piece of land that Azariah ever owned. In 1815 another daughter, Peggy, was born into the family, and in 1819 came Thomas Patton, who was the first of the Williams line to receive two given names. Old friends were all around. Uriah Barnard and his family had come to tqe Economy neighborhood from Deep Creek in North Carolina in 1812. Several families of Mauls­ bys came up from Lost Creek and Friendsville in Ten­ nessee. The Smalls and the Coggeshalls were there, too. At one time or another various members of the Williams and Marine tribes were marrying into these families.

Azariah and his family did not at first get back into a Quaker Meeting. The nearest Meeting was at New Gar­ den (now Fountain City), about sixteen miles from Aza­ riah's farm. By 1816, however, enough Quakers had settled in Azariah's neighborhood to warrant the founding of a Meeting at the town of Economy, which was then known as Puckett's settlement. It was the first religious society in Perry township. The first Meetinghouse was of round logs, was 20 feet square, and was warmed in winter by an open fire of charcoal and whiteoak bark laid on an open platform in the middle of the room. After a few years a double log church 24x48 feet in size was built, Azariah and others helping to cut and haul the logs and erect the

47 building. All the family joined this Springfield Monthly Meeting and Azariah served for many years as elder of it. Further than this we know nothing of Azariah's Quak­ er relationships during the 20 years of his life on the Mo­ doc farm. All records of the Springfield Monthly Meeting except those of births and burials have ~isappeared for all years prior to 1840. The Meeting met disaster in that year as the result of a violent quarrel among its members; one faction being abolitionist and wanting to do something about it, and the other faction being mildly anti-slavery but believing that the subject was nothing for Quakers to get excited about. Five years before the Springfield Meeting was broken up, however, Azariah and Sarah had sold the Perry town­ ship farm and had moved to Porter county, northwest Indiana. There they lived in the home of their son Jona­ than until Time overtook them. Azariah's restless spirit left him on September 26, 1838, and he now lies quietly under a small white stone in a Ii ttle Quaker cemetery three miles or so from the village of Westville. Sarah joined him there 23 years later.

48 CHAPTER V

The Story of Jonathan II

(r;';(JN the preceding chapter we have traced Jonathan ~UJWilliams II, second son of Azariah and Sarah, from his birth in Tennessee in 1803, to his journey with his father and mother to old Wayne county, Indiana, in the spring of 1815. He was then "going on twelve" years of age. So far as we know, he lived and worked on his father's farm all through the succeeding 20 years; and, so far as we know, nothing of importance happened to him until he met Jane Lennington. Jane was blonde, pleasant, alert, talkative and easy-going, a fine complement for the dark, more sober and more sedate Jonathan. She was born in Titusville, Pennsylvania, on August 28, 1808, to Abraham and Elizabeth Lennington, who came into the Economy neighborhood when Jane was about 12 years old. There were eight other Lennington children, Mary, Hannah, Sally, Peggy and Eliza, and Samuel, James and Abraham. The family vvere not Quakers; but, for Jonathan's sake, Jane embraced the Quaker faith and they were married by Quaker ritual at Economy on January 17, 1826. Jane was 17, Jonathan 22. Five children were born to them in Wayne county­ Abraham Lennington (named after his maternal grand­ father) on February 24, 1827; Azariah on June 19, 1828; Deborah Ann on February 26, 1830; Mary Jane on Febru­ ary 10, 1832, and David Crockett on March 9, 1834. All of these dates are of record in the "birth and burial book'.'' of Springfield Monthly Meeting which is still preserved for posterity. The Williams Family History gives the birth date of Deborah Ann as August 26, 1830; but she was apparently born six months earlier than that.

49 In May, 1835, Jonathan and his brothers Charles and Azariah decided to have a try at the new government land which was to be opened for sale that fall in Porter county, northwest Indiana. Azariah and Sarah, the parents, who were getting along in years, went with them. Jonathan and Jane piled all their worldly goods into a "Hoosier" wide-tread covered wagon pulled by two yoke of oxen. Jane and three younger children, Deborah, Mary and David, rode in this wagon. Jonathan walked and drove the oxen. Abraham and Azariah, sturdy boys of eight and sev­ en years respectively, also walked and drove three cows and a number of young cattle. The old folks, Azariah and Sarah, rode in a one-horse carriage. That journey of 150 miles took 17 days. On the way the old horse which pulled the carriage died. It is related that Jonathan had no money to spare with which to buy another horse, so he purchased one on time, agreeing to come back and pay for it after he had raised his first crop. For some reason he failed to pay at the time agreed and the former horse-owner went to law about it, sued and got judgment. Jonathan is said to have felt forever dis­ graced when a deputy sheriff appeared in Porter county to collect the debt.

Porter county was then as unsettled and the country was almost as wild as any in which Jonathan's own ances­ tors had ever settled. Pending the government land sales which were to be held that fall, Jonathan "squatted" on a likely farm in Clinton township, promptly plowed up six acres of sod and planted corn. Then, with the help of neighbors, he "raised" his cabin. In a few months more he had bought his "government eighty" at the government price, and he and Jane and the children settled down for eleven years. Other children came-Samuel on July 3, 1838, Thomas Patten on February 2, 1841; and Sarah Emily on August 24, 1842. There was one fly in Jonathan's ointment. He was surrounded by Methodists, while his own Quaker Meet­ ing had been organized in a solid community of Quakers a dozen miles away. It happened that a Methodist, Jeffer-

50 son Zener, had bought a claim squarely in the middle of what later turned out to be this same Quaker community. So Jefferson and Jonathan traded farms in 1846, and each of them thus got into a religious community of his own sort. On the new farm Jonathan built the first frame house which any Williams had ever owned-a "palatial" story­ and-a-half structure of seven small rooms which was still standing in 1939. Jonathan needed the space. Another son,

THE QUAKER CEMETERY AT WESTVILLE AZARIAH AND SARAH. CHARLES AND AZARiAH JUNIOR. JONATHAN AND JANE ARE ALL IN THE LINE IN THE FOREGROUND

Jonathan Lewis, was added to the family on January 23, 1847, making nine children in all. Besides, there was Jona­ than's mother Sarah to round out the even dozen in the family, his father Azariah having died in 1838. And, too, a multitude of relatives lived in that Porter county com­ munity, and they were always welcome in Jonathan's home. One of Jane's nephews, William M. Small, long recalled the hearty kindness of Jonathan's greeting: "Make thyself at home, Willie; thou art in thy uncle's house!"

51 Jonathan's granddaughter Flora, writing in 1938, re­ membered him as "of a very kind nature. His home always open, his hospitality boundless; it was said of him that if a dog even saw him it would seek shelter with him as with a dear friend. I must have been seven or eight years old, and I have a memory of trotting around with him, my hand in his, whenever I visited his farm. I was his lit­ tle companion wherever he went; and he was always most kind and understanding to this little girl who was his granddaughter."

No records exist of the Quaker Meeting to which Jon­ athan and Jane belonged in this Porter county community; but it is known that all their lives they remained faithful Quakers. Jonathan was strict on Quaker observance, and every member of his family had to be in Meeting on time every Sunday morning. Jane was less rigid in her church­ ly rules; and the girls of the family were permitted to wear a bit of ribbon or even a little gold pin now and then, provided they were quiet about it in the presence of their father Jonathan! Jonathan and Jane are buried in the little Quaker cemetery at Westville. Jane died on February 11, 1857, and her husband followed her on December 6, 1858. Both are said to have been victims of pneumonia. The life records of their children are known to all Williams descendants and are not followed further here; though Abraham and David will again be found on later pages of this chronicle.

52 CHAPTER VI

The Story of Milleson Marine and the Three Jonathans

~N order to round out the story of Zadoc Williams, '\..:.../ VJ whom we left at the end of Chapter III, and to tell what happened to Abraham and David Williams, who were temporarily abandoned at the end of Chapter V, it is necessary to forget the whole Williams tribe for a little while and focus attention on another great Quaker family, the Marines. There are many members of this prolific family in Maryland and elsewhere in eastern states, and there they pronounce the name "Mareen". There are many more mem­ bers of the family in Ohio, Indiana and the central states, and there they pronounce it "Marine", with a long "i". And you are quickly corrected in either region if your pro­ nunciation fails to follow local custom. In written records this confusion is compounded. The name has been variously spelled Marien, Mareen, Maren, Morean, Morin, Marain and Marine in America, and its origin in old French is said to have been "de Marin". The family is supposed to have originated in Normandy, and one de Marin is said to have been First Consul at Toulon in 1497 and Provost and Captain for King Charles VIII in the same city in 1502. The first record which seems to connect with this nar­ rative, however, is found in the books of the Huguenot So­ ciety of Canterbury and Threadneedle Streets, London. There an Alexandre Marin is shown to have married a Miss Milleson and to have died in London at the age of 73 (dates unknown). There is no record that he was ever in America.

53 In early records of the Maryland colony, however, a certain Milleson Mareen and his brother Alexander are mentioned. The coincidence of names is too great to be ignored. No records prove it; but the logical supposition is that these men were sons of Alexandre Marin, the French Huguenot who found sanctuary in London and died there. Milleson Mareen's name appears in the records of the Annapolis Land Office in the year 1655, when he leased a tract of "quit-rent" land from the Maryland agent of Ce­ celius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore. The name of Alexander Marine does not appear as a lease-holder until 1669, though both men may have come into the colony even before the year 1655. These Mareens, the first of their name in America, are shown to have settled along with other French Huguenots on the northwest fork of the Nanticoke River, on what is now known as Marshyhope Creek, just north of the pres­ ent town of Federalsburg in Caroline County, Maryland. They went far above tidewater, almost to the Delaware line, and there Milleson Mareen built his cabin in the wilderness. The little Huguenot group was alone with the friendly Nanticoke and Choptank Indians, in a country teeming with game, near waters furnishing an inexhaust­ ible supply and variety of sea food, in a mild climate and on fertile soil. But why they went so far beyond "civilization'' into the wilderness of Maryland's Eastern Shore is matter for pure speculation. Family tradition has it that the group was composed of French refugees who had come off badly in some one of the almost constant conflicts between Hu­ guenots and Catholics in the war-torn France of the sev­ enteenth century, and who fled to Maryland for sanctuary. Under Cromwell and Lord Baltimore, Maryland at this time was just such a sanctuary for all Protestants and Puritans. Milleson Mareen was born in France in 1634. In 1662 he married Lavinia Major, daughter of Thomas Major "of Accomac county, \ 7irginia," and "of an old French family." An Edward Major was living in "old Accomac" prior to

54 1635 and died there before 1646, leaving a son, Thomas Major, who married Elizabeth Pierce "and had issue". By presumption, the refore, La·'7inia was the- granddaughter of Edward Major and daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth. A year after Milleson's marriage he sold his land lease on the Nanticoke and moved across the Delaware line into Sussex county. There Jonathan Maren the First was born in 1665, and there Milleson Mareen lived until his death in 1679. Seven other children followed Jonathan I, all of them boys.

Jonathan I lived in Sussex county, too, until a few years before his death on May 5, 1736; and there, in 1689, he married Kezia (surname unknown), who died in 1738. In the early 1730's Jonathan moved back into Maryland and bought a Proprietary grant on the shore of Sewell's Creek in Dorchester county. He at once ran into title troubles, a problem by no means unusual as a result of the careless land surveys and land descriptions of those days. A man named Dow claimed that his grant included the land which Jonathan I had bought. They went to law about it and, after a long and bitter battle Jonathan won. To cele­ brate his victory he named his new plantation "Dow Pre­ vented", and it is so known to this day. At some time in his life Jonathan I had become a Quaker. Perhaps Milleson Mareen himself had joined the Society of Friends as a substitute for his original Hugue­ not faith which had great meaning in France but little or none in America. In 1672 George Fox, founder of "The Friendly Society of the Inner Light,'' had personally vis­ ited Delaware and the Eastern Shore of Maryland. He had enthusiastic meetings and made many converts, including, says the record, "a number of the gentry". Both Milleson Mareen and his oldest son may have been among them. At all events a long line of Quaker generations follows Jona­ than I-a line which finally merged with that of the Wil­ liams family about which we have been writing. Jonathan I was apparently a man of substance and of some education; both, perhaps, handed down from his father Milleson. Jonathan's inventory, filed at his death

55 in the Annapolis Land Office, lists among other things six forks, implements which prior to the Revolution were found only in the homes of the well-to-do.

Jonathan and Kezia (of "Sewell's Creek, Maryland") had seven children, five boys and two girls. Jonathan Maren II, born in Delaware in the year 1700, was the fourth of this brood. He married Rachel Victor in Decem­ ber, 1726. Other than the list of his children and some rec­ ords of his land holdings, nothing is known about him. The plantation on which he lived through the latter part of his adult life is described as follows: "A Warrant Granted unto Jonathan Mairaine of Dor­ chester County to a Tract of Land Called the Dry Savan­ nah Under the Yearly Rent of Four Pounds Sterling Be­ ginning at a Scruby White Oak Standing about 40 Rods Southsoutheast from the Darling Plantation of Richard Andrew that Lay on the West Side of Bright Branch that makes a V of the East Elbo of the Northwest Fork of the Nanticoke River ..... in all Two hundred and Ninety Five Acres of Land More or Less to be Holden of the Manor of Nanticoke." Jonathan II held this land and lived on it from No­ vember 18, 1743, to his death on January 4, 1756; and there Jonathan Marine III was born in March, 1752, one of the last of a large family. In 1775 he married Mary Charles, who was born April 4, 1746, in Maryland.

Jonathan Marine III was something of a religious leader, well grounded in the Quaker faith. In 1777 he and Mary and their little daughter Mary, born August 20, 1776, joined a colony of some seventy other Quakers who had determined to shake the dust of Maryland finally from their feet and seek new homes in a new country. The War of the Revolution oppressed their spiritual convictions, it may be supposed; though no record tells of the reason for their move. The group headed south from Maryland and never stopped until they reached what is now Marlboro county

56 in the northeast edge of South Carolina, a matter of some 500 miles from their starting point. Here they found good land in a well-watered, fertile, slightly rolling country that is today noted for exceptionally fine crops of cotton a.nd tobacco. Here they founded the Piney Grove Monthly Meeting of the Quaker faith, and here Jonathan III and Mary reared their family. Four other children were born in Marlboro county-Jonathan IV on February 15, 1780; John on June 28, 1782; Charles on June 22, 1784 and Jesse on May 18, 1786. It is with Jesse that we now concern our­ selves.

A certain Josiah Cox, who married Judith Peele, lived in Wayne county, east central North Carolina. They were Quaker members of the Contentnea Monthly Meeting and they had two daughters, Abba ( or Abigail) and Phoebe, the latter born in Wayne county on May 26, 1785. Follow­ ing the establishment of the Piney Grove Meeting by Jon­ athan Marine III and his associated Quakers, the Cox fam­ ily moved into its orbit and to a farm just north of the South Carolina line. Charles and Jesse Marine met Abba and Phoebe Cox in this Piney Grove Meeting and in the country socials of the time and presently there were two marriages, Charles to Abba on April 26, 1804, and Jesse to Phoebe on May 24 of the same year. To Jesse and Phoebe on March 22, 1805, a daughter, Anna, was born and, two years after that, they moved back to Phoebe's birthplace in Wayne county, North Carolina. By that time, however, the same causes which even­ tually brought the Williams tribe to Indiana Territory were beginning to influence the thoughts of the South Carolina Quakers. The slavery question cast an even larger shadow over the Quaker faith in South Carolina than fur­ ther north and west because there were more slaves and slave owners there. Then, too, Jeremiah Cox, brother of Josiah and uncle of Phoebe and Abba Marine, had gone to Indiana in 1807;

57 and much word had come back from him to the Piney Grove neighborhood about this new land "of corn and wine". So all the Marines and all the members of the Cox family who still remained at Piney Grove solved their problems by emigration. In March, 1811, they started westward and Jesse Marine and his family joined the party on the way. The trip was too hard for Jonathan Marine III. He died at Wilmington, 0 hio, and is buried there. The others arrived at the site of Richmond, Indiana, in August, 1811.

58 CHAPTER VII

The Story of the Marines in Indiana

~HERE was no town on the site of Richmond, Indi­ '-Vana, when the Marines arrived there in the year 1811. But Jeremiah Cox owned 160 acres on the north side of what eventually became Main Street. It so happened that a certain John Smith owned the land south of the Cox farm and Smith proposed that the two of them should lay out a town. At first Cox indig­ nantly refused, saying, "I'd rather see a buck's tail than a tavern sign on my place." Smith proceeded with his idea, anyway, on the south side of Main Street, and laid out the town of Richmond in 1816 with such success that Cox was forced to follow suit. The two men presently became the wealthiest of their time in Wayne county. The Marine families camped with Jeremiah Cox for a time in 1811, and all decided to take up land about ten miles north of the future site of Richmond. There they founded a little settlement which they called New Garden. In the course of years New Garden's name was changed to Newport and, eventually,. to Fountain City. Jonathan Marine IV found a fine farm one and a half miles south of this place and on the main road to Richmond, erected a pole cabin on it, later bought the farm from the govern­ ment at the standard price of $2 an acre, and lived there until his death in June, 1821 "of fever''. He had married Hannah, daughter of Zachariah and Molly Moorman, in South Carolina in 1800 and they had eight children, John, Asa, Charity, Ruth, Mary, Jonathan, Ira and Billy. The last child's name was not William. It was Billy, and Billy finally inherited the New Garden farm and his descend­ ants still live there.

59 Jonathan IV continued as a faithful Quaker. He founded the New Garden Meeting in 1813 and was its mainstay through all the years until his death. The first log Meetinghouse was built in 1814. The Meeting pros­ pered as additional settlers came. A frame Meetinghouse was built on the same site in 1820, and this was succeeded by a brick building in 1858. This Meetinghouse still stands though it has now been abandoned for another and larger . P.. . ~

THE THIRD NEW GARDEN MEETINGHOUSE, NOW ABANDONED. JONATHAN MARINE IV IS BURIED IN THE CHURCHYARD HERE brick structure near by. Jonathan's last restingplace is the little Quaker cemetery in the Meetinghouse yard. Of him it was written, "He was successful in his undertakings, and at the same time liberal and thoughtful to all that were needy, both of the white and the red population."

There is no known Quaker record, after the year 1811, of John, Charles and Jesse Marine except one refer-

60 ence to Jesse and Anna Marine in the books of the Con­ tentnea Monthly Meeting in North Carolina, which dis­ owned them for "moving to another locality and for join­ ing another society". In Young's "History of Wayne County," however, it is reported that "In the north and northeast part of New Garden township Charles Marine and Jesse Marine settled and commenced felling the timber and clearing off the woods for the purpose of farming." In other records it appears that all three families be­ came Methodists after their arrival in Indiana. Methodism followed Quakerism into Indiana and for many years the rivalry between these faiths was most keen. Sometimes it was bitter, running even to threats by the younger Quaker hotheads to mob the Methodist preachers. Methodists made fun of Quaker clothes. Quakers called Methodists "the Shouters," and their circuit riders were dubbed "the Lo-heres and Lo-theres." The first Methodist church in Wayne county was or­ ganized at New Garden in 1815 and the records show that both John Marine and Charles Marine were early preach­ ers there. Neither was ever ordained, so far as Methodist literature shows. They do not appear either as ministers, circuit riders, elders or deacons in the lists of the Indiana Methodist Episcopal Conferences of their time. They were probably local exhorters, and farming was their chief business. Jesse Marine and his wife Phoebe and their daughter Anna and perhaps others of the children, were also mem­ bers of this New Garden Methodist church. The other children eventually included Josiah, Asher, Charles, Ed­ mond, Jesse and Elizabeth. All except Anna eventually drop from sight, Josiah in Missouri, Jesse in Kansas and Edmond in Porter county, Indiana. Asher died at 25 and Charles at 16. John Marine, uncle to Anna, married Esther Jones, a cousin of Anna's mother. Their daughter Elizabeth even­ tually married Reuben Riley, a lawyer and a captain in the Confederate army. The son of Reuben and Elizabeth was James Whitcomb Riley, "Hoosier poet''.

61 CHAPTER VIII

The Story of Zadoc Williams and Anna Marine

Clf Jl ")HEN Zadoc Williams, who was the son of David ~ [.)l/and Tabitha, went to Wayne county, Indiana. in 1815, he was a Quaker in good standing. He carried with him a certificate from the Newberry Meet­ ing back in Tennessee and he presented this at New Gar­ den Monthly Meeting, located ten miles north of Rich­ mond, Indiana, on August 20, 1816. At once Zadoc ran into spiritual difficulties. The first Methodist church in Wayne county had been organized at New Garden (now Fountain City) in the preceding year and was making heavy inroads on the local members of the Quaker faith. This was especially true of the young people. There was greater freed om among these Metho­ dists in the forms of worship, the type of clothes, the man­ ners of speech; and these things offered escape to many from the strict observance of the Quaker faith. Besides, there was appeal to emotions, in the prayers and exhorta­ tions of the Methodists, which never were aroused in the calm and quiet of Quaker Meetings. Zadoc changed his faith. In less than three months after his admission to the New Garden Monthly Meeting of Quakers he was complained of in that Meeting for "joining another society". Quaker argument failed to move him and so, in December, 1816, he was disowned by the Quakers and his name appears no more in their records~ Zadoc Williams learned the tenets of Methodism from Charles and John Marine, both of whom were local preach­ ers in this New Garden church. He liked what he learned so much that eventually he found himself also filled with

62 evangelical fire. He began to preach and, though never ordained by any Methodist conference, he made that oc­ cupation his prime business to the end of his days.

In this New Garden Methodist church Zadoc Williams met Anna Marine. Anna was 11 years of age when Zadoc joined and entirely too young to be thinking of marriage.. But Zadoc was 19 and was doubtedless "looking around" ..

THE FARM WHERE ZADOC AND ANNA WILLIAMS LIVED AND ON WHICH THEIR DAUGHTERS WERE BORN.

They were married at New Garden in 1822, when Anna was 17 and Zadoc 25. Three sons were born to them in Wayne county-John W. on January 3, 1823; Jesse Marine on August 5, 1824, and Nathan R. on July 18, 1826.

In 1827 the family moved about 40 miles further into Indiana to the west edge of Madison county and four daughters were born to them there-Margaret on Septem-

63 MRS. ANNA MARINE WILLIAMS HARVEY

(PHOTO TAKEN ABOUT 1870>

64 her 13, 1828; Elizabeth on October 12, 1830; Julia Ann on October 4, 1832, and Martha Jane on October 7, 1834. Zadoc's son Nathan, writing sixty years later, said, "If my sisters Julia and Martha will look on the map in the extreme western part of Madison county and find the little town of Fishersburg, and then imagine a little cabin a mile or so southwest of the town with its west end up against the county line, they will have the place located where they were born." A visit to this farm in 1939 gives no indication of what it was like when Zadoc settled there. Then it was heavily timbered. Now it is cleared and in corn. Then the little creek beside which Zadoc built his cabin was un­ doubtedly a clear-running stream which furnished a plen­ tiful supply of fine water for the family. Now it is clogged by stagnant sewage from the little village of Fishersburg. Then Zadoc found a fine building site on the edge of the creek. Now that site is the town's dump heap. But the land is still good enough to produce SO-bushel corn, and a fine county road runs along the wilderness path once trodden by Zadoc and Anna and their children.

Zadoc died on July 20, 1836, at the age of 39. He is reputed to be buried six miles east of Pendleton, Madison county, on Falls Creek. There are a number of very old small cemeteries in this neighborhood, but a casual survey of them in the summer of 1939 failed to reveal Zadoc's grave. After Zadoc's death Anna and her children moved to North Liberty, in St. Joseph county, northern Indiana, where her brothers Asher and Edmond had already gone. There she married John Harvey in 1845. Harvey died in 1859 and Anna thereafter lived with her daughter Julia Ann, at Westville in Porter county, until her death on April 23, 1880. She is buried in the Westville cemetery. Of Zadoc's children Julia and Martha married broth­ ers, as will be seen in Chapter IX. John Wesley married Elizabeth Bird (three children); died April 22, 1855. Jesse

65 Marine married Anna Glynn (one son); died April 9, 1847. Nathan R. married Anna Inman (seven children); died December 31, 1898. Margaret died in infancy and Elizabeth died on December 9, 1851, at 21 years.

66 CHAPTER IX

The Story of Jonathan Williams' Children

~BRAHAM LENNINGTON WILLIAMS, oldest ~son of Jonathan II, was born on February 24, 1827, and was reared under the stern but kind eye of his Quaker father and in the narrow limits of the Quaker church. But the Quaker faith did not hold him perma­ nently. At the age of 19 he was disowned for fighting and he joined no church thereafter in his lifetime. In the fall of 1849 he met the girl with whom he was to live through 64 happy married years. She was Julia Ann Williams, daughter of Zadoc Williams and Anna Marine. She was a distant relative-that is, her father and Abra­ ham's grandfather were half-brothers. This relationship brought about the fateful meeting. Julia and her mother came over from North Liberty to visit Jonathan Williams' family in Porter county. Julia was then just turned 17, but she had already taught two terms of country school at North Liberty at a dollar a week and "board around" dur­ ing the first term of three months and a dollar and a half a week and board during the second. She had used some of her earnings to buy neat and pretty store material for dresses, and her clothes stood out in marked contrast to the home-spun "linsey-woolsey" worn by Abraham's sis­ ters. For Abraham it was apparently love at first sight, and when Julia and her mother had ended their visit he promptly leased 40 acres of timberland and set about the construction of his one-room cabin. Trained by his father in farming, lumbering and home-carpentry, Abraham made with his own hands all the simple furniture for the home­ to-be.

67 His work done, in the spring of 1850 he set out for North Liberty to claim his bride. Julia was doubtful. She loved Abraham but she felt herself too young to marry. As she expressed it herself in later years, "Why, I was still playing with dolls!'' Abraham insisted on immediate action. He threatened that unless she married him at once he would go "out west" and she would never see him again! And Julia be­ lieved him! They were married on April 18 at night, by the light of candles and that of the big log fireplace in front of whi~h they stood. And the next day they rode 50 miles in an open buggy in a pouring rain to the little log cabin which Abraham had made ready before he had even a definite promise from the bride. Through the following years five children came to them ( see Appendix). Abraham erected a steam sawmill to handle the timber on his 40-acre lease. Much of the tim­ ber was white pine; the remainder black walnut. So little was known in those days about the value of walnut lumber that Abraham used it for fuel to create power to saw the white pine! Long later he knew what a fortune he had burned! From lumbering Abraham turned to cooperage and for many years he owned and operated a barrel factory. Still later he became a contracting carpenter. Abraham and Julia moved to Iowa in 1881, to Kansas in 1885, to Colo­ rado in 1901 and, finally, to Oklahoma in 1913. Abraham died at the home of his son Carl in Oklahoma City on March 13, 1914, aged 87 years. Julia followed him on March 17, 1921, aged 88. They lie side by side under brown gran­ ite stones in Fairlawn cemetery at Oklahoma City. Three years after the marriage of Abraham and Julia the latter's sister, Martha Jane, came to visit them; came under the eyes of Abraham's younger brother, David Crockett, and another romance developed. David and Mar­ tha were married on June 30, 1853. Their descendants, as well as those of Abraham and Julia, trace their maternal ancestry back to that Milleson Mareen of whom we have already written.

68 Azariah, Jonathan's second son, married Eliza Wil­ liams, daughter of William Williams, who was great­ great-grandson of that William Williams whom we met in Maryland's Monocacy Valley in the early part of the Eighteenth century. Deborah Ann, reared a strict Quaker as all of Jona­ than's children were, married out of the Faith. Jonathan didn't approve of Shepard Crumpacker because he was not a Quaker and because he had been known to dance and even occasionally play cards. But Deborah knew what she wanted. On the night of October 13, 1848, when she was supposed to go to the barn to do her share of the milking, she threw a little bundle of clothing out of her upstairs bedroom window, put on a sunbonnet, walked out of Jona­ than's house, picked up her bundle and calmly slipped away. Shepard Crumpacker met her with horse and buggy at the end of the farm lane, a justice of the peace tied the knot, and Deborah Ann went to a new home. Mary Jane married Oliver W. Barnard on February 27, 1850 and, eleven years later, Sarah Emily married Uriah W. Barnard. Oliver and Uriah were sons of William and Sally Barnard and William in turn was son of that Uriah Barnard whom we met in Wayne county, Indiana, in 1812. Jonathan Lewis married Rachel, a daughter of the same family, in 1869, while Samuel had married Caroline M. Barnard, cousin of Oliver, Uriah and Rachel, in 1857. Thus, four of Jonathan's children married into the Barnard clan. All of the children of Jonathan Williams II, and all of their wives, have long since gone to their rewards. A record of their descendants will be found in the Appen­ dix to this chronicle.

69 Appendix

The Descendants of Jonathan Williams the Second

ABRAHAM LENNINGTON WILLIAMS (b. February 24, 1827, Wayne County, Indiana; d. March 13, 1914, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) m. JULIA ANN WILLIAMS, daughter of Zadoc and Anna Williams (b. October 4, 1832, Madison County, Indiana; d. March 17, 1921, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) at North Liberty, Indi­ ana, on April 18, 1850. Their children: A. Flora Genevra (b. May 22, 1851, Porter Co., Ind.; resides Los Angeles, Calif.) m. William Chamberlain (d. Sept. 5, 1909, Perris, Calif.) on July 30, 1884, at Oswego, Kansas. Their daughter: Julia Martha (b. Apr. 9, 1886, Dexter, Ia.; resides Los Angeles, Calif.) m. Lewis Elliott Van Winkle ( d. July 30, 1925) on April 2, 1925, at Los Angeles.

B. Ferdinand Aurelius (b. Feb. 4, 1854, Steamburg, Ind.; d. July 6, 1922, Denver, Colo.) m. Lida M. Moller (d. Jan. 14, 1926, Denver, Colo.) on Jan. 4, 1874, at Westville, Ind. Their children : 1. Walter Lee (b. Aug. 29, 1875; d. May 29, 1928, Denver) m. Edith West, 1898, Rolfe, Ia. Their daughter: Coyla West (b. June 10, 1900; resides Los An­ geles) m. Willard Howard Wagner on Feb. 23, 1935 at Los Angeles.

70 1-A. Walter Lee Williams m. Lydia A. Stuhr, 1909, Chicago. Their daughter: Jane Adele (b. Oct. 13, 1911; resides Chicago).

1-B. Walter Lee Williams m. Bertha Victoria Baugh, (resides Chicago) Mar. 7, 1922, Chicago.

2. Alva Chester (b. Dec. 7, 1881 ; d. April, 1884).

3. Dale Kelley (b. Dec. 16, 1885; resides Denver) m. Bernice Ethel Bailey (b. Nov, 12, 1893; resides Denver) on Jan. 12, 1912. Their children: a. Lawrence Lewis (b. Aug. 13, 1913, Wiggins, Colo.; resides Denver, Colo.) m. Helen Miller on Nov. 19, 1938 at Denver, Colo. b. Edna Georgiana (b. Oct. 11, 1914, Wiggins, Colo.; resides Denver) m. Maurus J, Aziere on June 22, 1936 at Denver. c. Eugene Dale (b. Jan. 1, 1917, Wiggins, Colo.; resides Denver). d. Waunette Irene (b. March 25, 1918, Wiggins, Colo. ; resides Denver). e. Gerald Carleton (b. Sept. 29, 1921, Wiggins, Colo. ; resides Denver). f. Glenn Edwin (b. Jan. 14, 1925, Denver; d. Jan. 28, 1928, Denver). 4. Carle Lennington (b. Dec. 11, 1887, Linden, Ia.; resides Los Angeles, Calif.) m. Abbie E. Burgess Nov. 6, 1908. Their children: a. Mary Ann (b. Aug. 2, 1911; resides Long Beach, Calif.) m. Virgil Morris Jackson (b. Jan. 23, 1908) at Long Beach, May 9, 1932. Their chil­ dren: I. Riley Edward (b. June 25, 1936). IL Terry Morris (b. Dec. 13, 1938).

71 b. Betty Burgess (b. Feb. 20, 1915; resides Bev­ erly Hills, Calif.) m. Vernon Arthur Williams (b. Dec. 30, 1911) on Oct. 2, 1937. c. Edward Kelly (b. Mar. 17, 1918; resides Los Angeles, Calif.). 5. Wilbur J. (b. Mar. 8, 1891, Kansas City, Kans.; resides Denver, Colo.) m. Aileen Larsen on J anu­ ary 4, 1914. Their children: a. Elwood Ferdinand (b. Jan. 1, 1915, Wiggins, Colo.; resides Denver) m. Imogene Bartels Page, Oct. 14, 1939, Denver. b. Russell Alfred (b. Dec. 3, 1916, Wiggins, Colo. ; resides Alamosa, Colo.) m. Kathryne Eileen Neiman, June 24, 1939, Denver. 6. John F. (b. Feb. 23, 1893; d. July 17, 1893).

C. Rollin Chester (b. February 2, 1859, Westville, Ind.; d. January 4, 1937, Denver, Colo.) m. Mary Eliza­ beth Allen (resides Denver), on June 24, 1903 at Denver.

D. Walter Everett (b. February 6, 1864, Westville, Ind.; d. October 11, 1864.).

E. Carleton Clifford (b. March 30, 1878, Porter Co., Ind.; resides Fort Pierce, Florida) m. Mabel Bates on July 14, 1906 at Traverse City, Michigan. Their foster­ daughter: True 0. Gossette m. John Duncan McDonald on March 28, 1932 at Washington, D. C. (Resides Grand Rapids, Mich.) Their daughter: True Elizabeth (b. Aug. 29, 1938).

72 AZARIAH WILLIAMS (b. in old Wayne county, Indiana on June 19, 1828; d. in Porter county, Indiana, on September 4, 1911) m. ELIZA WILLIAMS, daughter of William Williams, on Febru­ ary 27, 1850. Their children: A. David Perry (b. Dec. 6. 1850; d. Salem, Ore., Feb. 16, 1934) m. Josie Dagy ( d. Astoria, Ore., Feb. 20, 1898) on June 27, 1877. Their only child, Benjamin, died in infancy. David Perry m. Mary Elizabeth Schofield ( d. Seattle, Wash., 1931) at Portland, Ore., June 12, 1904.

B. Julian Hale (b. Oct. 29, 1852; d. Oct. 11, 1937) m. Fannie S. Houston ( d. Washington, D. C., Dec. 18, 1883) on Oct. 1, 1878. Their children: 1. George H. (b. May 7, 1880; d. Aug. 13, 1886). 2. C. Park (b. Dec. 3, 1881; d. Dec. 4, 1887).

B-1. Julian Hale m. Hannah Ross (b. New York, Feb. 7, 1866; resides Brooklyn, N. Y.) on Sept. 29, 1889. Their daughter:

1. Irene 0. (b. Stamford, Conn., June 29, 1890; re­ sides Brooklyn, N. Y.) m. Benjamin Weingard at Miami, Fla., Sept. 7, 1925.

C. John Monroe (b. Feb. 14, 1861; d. Eugene, Ore., Oct. 14, 1925) m. Jennie M. Gwin (d. Eugene, Ore., Aug. 18, 1929) in Kansas on July 12, 1886. Their chil­ dren: 1. William Gwin (b. Halsey, Ore., Jan. 20, 1888; resides Portland, Ore.) m. Marion Tuttle, Eugene, Ore., July, 1917. Their son: a. Richard Earl (b. Everett, Wash., Nov. 21, 1924). 2. Benjamin Harrison (b. Eugene, Ore., March 23, 1889; resides Pittsburgh, Pa.) m. Helene Ogsbury, Portland, Ore., Nov. 18, 1917. Their children:

73 a. Patricia Gwynne (b. Philadelphia, Pa., June 16, 1923). b. Stanton Monroe (b. Pittsburgh, Pa., Oct. 10, 1925). 3. Vernon Azariah (b. Eugene, Ore., Dec. 15, 1894; d. Los Angeles, Calif., April, 1925) m. Mildred Marks, (d. Mukilteo, Wash., April 26, 1932) Romsey, England, November, 1918. Their son: a. John Vernon (b. Eugene, Ore., Sept. 12, 1919; resides Pittsburgh, Pa.).

D. William Marion (b. July 1, 1862; resides Laporte, Ind.) m. Esther C. Barr, Ap1·il 1, 1885. Their daughter: 1. Mary Leonella (b. March 30, 1886) m. George Gaines on Dec. 24, 1903. Their children: a. George Marion (b. June 11, 1905 ; resides Big Oak Flat, Calif.) m. Wilma Dickens, Dec., 1929. Their daughter: Marian Louise (b. April 26, 1938). b. Kenneth Azariah (b. January 29, 1907; d. May 2, 1932). 1-a. Mary Leonella m. Ardy Alvin Good (resides Spokane, Wash.) on Sept. 9, 1939.

D-1. William Marion m. Ada Carpenter, LaPorte, Ind., 1900). Their son : Holden Azariah (b. Jan. 28, 1902; resides LaPorte, Ind.). Azariah Williams m. Rebecca Vinnedge ( d. August 30, 1893); m. Sarah C. Shinabarger on July 28, 1904.

74 DEBORAH ANN WILLIAMS (b. August 26, 1830, in W2.yne county, Indiana; d. Decem­ ber 3, 1856, in Porter county, Indiana) m. SHEP ARD CRUMPACKER (b. July 17, 1824; d. November 17, 1898) in Porter county on October 13, 1848. Their children: A. Daniel Lucien (b. Nov. 12, 1849; d. Jan. 12, 1921) m. Mary A. McLaughlin (d. Sept. 24, 1912) on Nov. 30, 1876. Their children: 1. Shepard J. (b. Jan. 15, 1879; resides South Bend, Ind.) m. Grace E. Dauchy at Davenport, Ia., on Oct. 16, 1909. Their children: a. Harold Chester (b. July 5, 1911; resides South Bend, Ind.) m. Mary Margaret Melvin in Winnetka, Ill., on June 29, 1935. Their children: I. Margaret (b. June 17, 1~36). II. Patricia (b. Jan. 9, 1938). b. Katherine (b. March 8, 1914; resides South Bend, Ind.). c. Shepard J. junior (b. Feb. 13, 1917; resides South Bend, Ind.). 2. Mary Louise (b. Dec. 20, 1879; resides Chicago, Ill.) .. 3. Celia Lillian (b. Jan. 29, 1881; resides Wanatah, Ind.) m. Edward R. Luth on Aug. 16, 1922. 4. Chester Blaine (b. May 2, 1882; d. Nov. 23, 1938, South Bend, Ind.) m. Gertrude Belle Cook at Chi­ cago, Ill., April 24, 1906. Their children: a. Celia (b. July 28, 1913; resides Mount Vern­ non, N. Y.). b. Daniel Lucien (b. Sept. 18, 1914; resides Elizabethtown, Ky.). 5. Lucien Sigmund (b. Jan. 13, 1890; resides Wanatah, Ind.).

75 B. Jonathan Williams (b. Sept. 6, 1854; d. Mar. 15, 1904) m. Margaret Regan (d. May 24, 1898) at LaPorte, Ind., on Sept. 17, 1881. Their children: 1. Thomas Francis (b. Sept. 29, 1882; resides Chi­ cago, Ill.) m. Anna Laura Service on Nov. 26, 1905. Their daughter: Margaret Elizabeth (b. Oct. 12, 1909; resides Chicago, Ill.). 2. Katherine Marie (b. June 10, 1885) m. William Winfield Spore (d. Dec. 7, 1918) on Oct. 12, 1907. Their daughter: Mary Louise (b. July 10, 1910; resides LaPorte, Ind.) m. Harvey Moore on Dec. 23, 1938. 2-a. Katherine Marie m. Frederick Henock, July 3, 1931 (resides LaPorte, Ind,).

B-1. Jonathan Williams Crumpacker m. Margaret Murray (resides New York City) at Woodstock, Ont., June 7, 1899.

76 MARY JANE WILLIAMS (b. in old Wayne county, Indiana, February 10, 1832; d. February 5, 1916, at Manteno, Illinois) m. OLIVER W. BARN ARD, ( d. Manteno, Ills., August 14, 1907) on Feb­ ruary 27, 1850. Their children: A. Francena Loretta (b. April 24, 1851; d. November 13, 1924) m. Alexander Baird, April 24, 1872. Their children: 1. lVlary Maria (b. Mar. 10, 1873; resides Cherry­ vale, Kans.) Unmarried. Her adopted son: Robert Alexander Baird (b. Jan. 13, 1922). 2. Kathryn Jeannette (b. Dec. 6, 1875; resides Cherryvale, Kans.) Unmarried. Her adopted daugh­ ter: Florence Loretta Baird (b. Sept. 23, 1924). 3. Florence Willetta (b. Oct. 31, 1877; d. Cherry­ vale, Kans., May 11, 1919). 4. William Vernon (b. Aug. 6, 1880; resides Strath­ more, Calif.) m. Mary Amelia Cook, Altamont, Kans., June 7, 1906. Their children: a. William Vernon, Jr. (b. Nov. 7, 1909; resides Quito, Equador, S. A.) m. Margaret Morrison, Dec. 20, 1938, Los Angeles, Calif. b. Robert Donald (b. Oct. 10, 1914; resides Visa­ lia, Calif.). c. Larry Jay (b. Nov. 17, 1916, a twin; resides Bakersfield, Calif.). d. Leroy Herbert (b. Nov. 17, 1916, a twin; re­ sides Lindsay, Calif.) m. Gloria Mae Woodstock, Strathmore, Calif., Feb. 19, 1938. Their son: William Arthur (b. Mar. 1, 1939). 5. Eunice Ann (b. Sept. 1, 1886; resides Parsons, Kans.) m. Clyde Emmet Miller, Cherryvale, Kans., Mar. 7, 1920. Their adopted son:

77 Ernest Emmet Miller (b. Dec. 23, 1918). 6. Elsie Loretta (b. Aug. 4, 1888; resides Ontario, Ore.) m. James Irwin Brady, Cherryvale, Kans., Mar. 7, 1920. Their children: a. Lula May (b. Dec. 22, 1920; d. Dec. 22, 1920). b. Elroy Baird (b. July 15, 1922). c. Eugene Irwin (b. Mar. 24, 1924). d. Eunice Ann (b. Jan. 4, 1929). 7. Warren Alexander (b. Jan. 1, 1892; d. Nov. 29, 1895).

B. Delonson Elroy (b. Aug. 22, 1852; d. Apr. 4, 1905) m. Katie Lee Bordwell (b. Feb. 7, 1859; resides Altus, Oklahoma) on Dec. 12, 1877. Their children:

1. Rudy Allison (b. June 28, 1880; resides Indian­ apolis, Ind.) m. Jean Cameron (b. July 27, 1883) on Nov. 26, 1906. Their children: a. Janice (b. Nov. 9, 1907; resides Indianapolis, Ind.) m. Harry Everett Morrow (b. Mar. 5, 1902) on May 2, 1937. Their children: I. Judith (b. April 23, 1939, a twin). II. Joyce (b. April 23, 1939, a twin). b. Robert Cameron (b. July 18, 1909; d. Dec. 26, 1919). c. William Bordwell (b. Jan. 16, 1923; resides Indianapolis, Ind.).

2. Lela Ethelyn (b. Nov. 17, 1882; resides Altus, Oklahoma) m. Elmer Logan Garnett (b. Nov. 15, 1879) on Sept. 1, 1910. Their children: a. Hugh Barnard (b. July 12, 1911; resides Al­ tus, Oklahoma) m. Glee Miller (b. March 24, 1916) on Dec. 30, 1939.

78 b. Lela Jean (b. Dec. 15, 1912; resides Walters, Oklahoma) m. Charles Edward Engleman (b. Jan. 25, 1911) on Nov. 17, 1934. Their daughter: I. Carol Ann (b. Sept. 23, 1937). c. Marjorie Ann (b. June 5, 1918; resides Altus, Oklahoma). d. Ruth Ellen (b. Sept. 4, 1920; resides Altus, Oklahoma). e. Elmer Logan Jr. (b. June 18, 1922; resides Altus, Oklahoma). 3. Glenn Milton (b. Aug. 13, 1885; resides Chicago, Ills.) m. Minerva Kelly (b. Mar. 26, 1884) on Apr. 24, 1912. Their children: a. Elroy Kelly (b. July 24, 1914; resides Chi­ cago, Ills.) m. Dorothy Amelia Stroud (b. Feb. 22, 1913) on Feb. 18, 1939. b. George Harold (b. Nov. 7, 1916; resides Chi­ cago, Ills.). 4. Louis Franklin (b. Nov. 30, 1888; d. Dec. 11, 1888).

C. Landon Elmer (b. May 7, 1855; d. May 2, 1857).

D. Amelia Izetta (b. Oct. 16, 1862; d. Feb. 28, 1928) m. Ira Burton Dole ( d. May 28, 1888) on Feb. 28, 1883. Their children : 1. Lillian (b. Dec. 28, 1883; d. July 6, 1884). 2. Clarence Arthur (b. Oct. 5, 1S86; resides· Long Beach. Calif.) m. Olive Mabel Viall (b. Jan. 16, 1887) on June 2, 1906. Their children: a. Edwin Burton (b. April 2, 1907; residence unknown). b. Marjorie Bernard (b. Sept. 13, 1916; resi­ dence unknown).

79 2-a. Clarence Arthur m. Nellie Landrum Nov. 21, 1927, Yuma, Arizona. 3. Ira Burton II (b. Oct. 12, 1888; resides Los An­ geles, Calif.) m. Margaretta Elizabeth McCausland June 14, 1916. Their son: a. Ira Burton III (b. April 18. 1917; resides Los Angeles) m. Kathryn Raye Harkness, Aug. 11, 1938. Their daughter: Karen Raye (b. Nov. 14, 1939).

D-1. Amelia Izetta m. Willi.am Henry Townsend (b. Mar. 17, 1862) Chicago, Ills., on Oct. 16, 1902. Their children: 1. Lela Ruth (b. June 9, 1903; resides Los An­ geles, Calif.) m. Glenn Andrew Northrup on Feb. 9, 1924. 2. Marian Ella (b. Aug. 9, 1905; resides Los An­ geles, Calif.) m. Ralph Lester Northrup on July 25, 1931.

80 DAVID CROCKETT WILLIAMS (b. March 9, 1834 in old v·vayne county, Indiana; d. March 6, 1910, in Fort Scott, Kans.) m. MARTHA JANE WIL­ LIAMS (b. October 7, 1834, in Madison county, Indiana; d. October 2, 1900, in Grand Rapids, Mich.), daughter of Zadoc and Anna (Marine) Williams, on June 30, 1853, in Porter county, Indiana. Their children: A. Evangeline ( died in infancy).

B. J. Eugene (b. Sept. 19, 1856, Porter county, Ind.; d. July 15, 1939, Topinabee, Mich.) m. Emma R. Haw­ kins (d. Aug. 30, 1900, Grand Rapids, Mich.) on May 4, 1879. Their children: 1. Glen Patton (b. Apr. 9, 1880; resides Detroit, Mich.) m. Helen Krug, June 14, 1905, Detroit. Their children: a. Dorothy Helen (b. April 16, 1906; d. June 13, 1912). b. Virginia Marian (b. June 9, 1908). c. Marjorie Louise (b. Apr. 20, 1913). d. Glenn Patton, Jr. (b. May 30, 1920). 2. Wayne Eugene (b. Sept. 23, 1884; resides De­ troit,. Mich.) m. Helen Ina Lockley, June 27, 1914, Detroit. Their children : a. Jane (b. Sept. 23, 1915). b. Ann (b. Sept. 5, 1917). 3. Julia (b. Nov. 12, 1886; d. Feb. 14, 1928, De­ troit) m. Walter Homer Linsell (resides Detroit) June 4, 1908. Their children : a. Walter Homer, Jr. (b. May 29, 1909; resides Detroit). b. Edward Eugene (b. Apr. 13, 1911; resides Highland Park, Mich.) m. Mary Lou McGavern, May 25, 1934, Detroit.

81 c. Barbara Jane (b. Mar. 21, 1915; resides De­ troit). d. Frederick (b. Jan. 27, 1920). 4. Edward Hawkins (b. June 16, 1895; resides De­ troit) m. Ellen Genevieve McDowell, May 26, 1920, Detroit. Their children : a. Barbara Louise (b. Apr. 12, 1921). b. Thomas Eugene (b. Sept. 25, 1924). c. Mary Patricia (b. Dec. 11, 1934).

B-1. J. Eugene Williams m. Nellie M. Peters (resides Topinabee, Mich.) on November 27, 1902.

C. Sylvia (b. Oct. 21, 1862; d. Apr. 18, 1896) m. Wil­ liam F. Payne, 1880. Their son: Leslie Earle (b. Aug. 6, 1889; resides Detroit) m. Marjorie Thompson, Oct. 4, 1912, Detroit. Their children: a. Leslie Earle, Jr. (b. Feb. 15, 1913; resides Detroit) m. Aurelia Keller, Oct. 14, 1938, Detroit. b. Walter Eugene (b. Feb. 15, 1915; resides De­ troit) m. Viola Robinson, Oct. 1, 1936, Detroit. Their children : I. Walter Eugene, Jr. (b. June 25, 1937). II. Robert Emerson (b. June 14, 1938). D. Stella (b. Aug. 24, 1867) m. Charles B. Stice. Their son Boyd died in infancy. D-1. Stella m. Charles E. Philley ( d. Dec. 11, 1906). D-2. Stella m. Henry Robinson (resides Detroit).

E. Raymond (h. Dec. 17, 1869; d. July 27, 1929) m. Kittie Mackie (resides Fort Scott, Kans.) May 18, 1897, Kalamazoo, Mich. F. Anna Mary (b. June 27, 1875; d. Feb. 24, 1882).

82 SAMUEL WILLIAMS (b. July 3, 1838, Porter county, Indiana; d. September 29, 1912, Altamont, Kansas) m. CAROLINE M. BARNARD, daughter of John and Margarette Barnard ( d. January 20, 1904) on September 8, 1857. Their children:

A. Myra Ellen (b. June 18, 1858; d. July 3, 1922).

B. Mary Emily (b. June 23, 1860; d. Aug. 7, 1860). t. Minnie Francena (b. Sept. 4, 1861 ; d. Oct. 25, 1931) m. John R. Haggard (d. Apr. 20, 1923) on Apr. 19, 1889. Their children: 1. Laura Alta (b. Dec. 6, 1894; resides Parsons, Kans.) m. Albert Kugler, Aug. 31, 1923, Parsons, Kans. Their children: a. Albert Ivan (b. Aug. 25, 1924). b. Irvin Keith (b. Mar. 2, 1931). 2. Samuel Arthur (b. Oct. 7, 1897 ; resides Alta­ mont, Kans.) m. Jessie Marie Belknap on Dec. 31, 1920, at Altamont, Kansas. Their children: a. Richard Lowell (b. Dec. 4, 1921). b. John Marcus (b. May 7, 1924). 3. Jo.hn Roy (b. Feb. 18, 1899; resides Oswego, Kans.) m. Hazel Evelyn Green, Feb. 20, 1924, at Oswego, Kansas. Their children: a. Gordon Lavaughn (b. Sept. 7, 1924). b. Carmen Rose (b. July 18, 1926). c. Donna Jean (b. Aug. 21, 1927).

D. Merlin John (b. March 13, 1864; resides Altamont, Kans.) m. May Jeffrey on March 12, 1891. Their chil­ dren: 1. Dell Frances (b. Feb. 11, 1892; resides Denver, Colo.) m. George Robert Haggard on July 15, 1919.

83 2. Emmet Leroy (b. August 29, 1898; resides Al­ tamont, Kans.) m. Leta Pearl Brock on Jan. 14, 1920. Their children : a. Collin Eugene (b. Sept. 11, 1920; d. Sept. 13, 1922). b. Arba Eldon (b. Nov. 6, 1922). c. Wanda Arlene (b. Nov. 9, 1924). 3. Caroline May (b. Jan. 21, 1904; resides Alta­ mont, Kans.) m. Fred L. Mitchell on Oct. 5, 1926. Their children: a. Merlin Frank (b. Mar. 17, 1928). b. Katherine May (b. Mar. 23, 1929). c. Fred William (b. June 14, 1930). 4. Myra Florence (b. Oct. 22, 1912 ; resides Oswe­ go, Kans.) m. Clarence Ray Oringderff, Feb. 17, 1934. Their children: a. John Newton (b. Jan. 31, 1932). b. Rose Marie (b. May 17, 1934). c. Ralph Edward (b. July 4, 1939).

E. Melvin Allen (b. April 21, 1866; d. November 4, 1933) m. Carrie Otterman (d. Nov. 11, 1932) on October 2, 1889. Their children: 1. Mabel Elva (b. Apr. 27, 1891; resides Mound Valley, Kans.) m. Charles E. Armstrong on April 5, 1916. Their children: a. Rowena Jaunita (b. Feb. 11, 1918; d. Mar. 3, 1918). b. Oliver Wendell (b. July 13, 1919). c. Ruby Gladys (b. May 4, 1923). 2. Charlie Guy (b. August 19, 1894; resides Alta­ mont, Kans.) m. Veva Mills on March 3, 1917. Their children:

84 a. Charles Ray (b. Apr. 13, 1924). b. Robert Wayne (b. Apr. 14, 1928). 3. Mary Gladys (b. Feb. 17, 1901 ; d. May 17, 1922) m. Albert Kugler on June 19, 1919.

F. Rosabelle Jane (b. March 9, 1869; d. Feb. 14, 1935).

G. Raymond George (b. May 29 9 1872; d. Jan. 2, 1931) m. Edith Umbarger on Dec. 24, 1899. Their children: 1. James Lee (b. Nov. 16, 1904; resides Oswego, Kans.) m. Hazel Lucile Eichorn on Nov. 25, 1925. Their children : a. Bettie Jean (b. Nov. 19, 1927). b. Jimmie Lee (b. Jan. 18, 1933). c. Max Duane (b. July 11, 1938). 2. George Robert (b. Feb. 23, 1908; resides Oswe­ go, Kans.) m. Loycie Stevenson on May 31, 1930. Their children : a. Raymond George (b. Feb. 1, 1931 ). b. Colene May (b. May 13, 1932). c. Virginia Morlene (b. Jan. 16, 1934). 3. Mary B. (b. Oct. 25, 1910 ; resides Oswego, Kans.) m. Russell Eichorn on Nov. 14, 1937. Their daughter: June Marie (b. Feb. 9, 1939).

H. Ralph Henry (b. February 19, 1876; resides Oswe­ go, Kans).

85 THOMAS PATTON WILLIAMS (b. February 2, 1841, in Porter county, Indiana; d. De­ cember 25, 1841).

SARAH EMILY WILLIAMS (b. August 24, 1842, Porter county, Indiana; d. October 5, 1919, Oklahoma City, Okla.) m. URIAH W. BARNARD, son of William and Sally Barnard ( d. December 4, 1924, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma) on December 26, 1861. Their children: A. Mary May (b. July 22, 1866; resides Oklahoma City, Okla.) m. Thaddeus J. Springer, July 8, 1896. Their son: Robert Montgomery (b. Nov. 1, 1897; resides Hono­ lulu, Hawaiian Islands) m. Rhoda Ballantyne on Feb. 10, 1923. Their children: a. Robert Ballantyne (b. Jan. 29, 1927). b. Patricia May (b. April 1, 1929). c. Anita Louise (b. May 14, 1934).

B. Lola Bell (b. July 18, 1873; resides Oklahoma City, Okla.) m. Thomas J. Dolan on Sept. 5, 1895. Their chil­ dren: 1. Leo Barnard (b. Nov. 5, 1896; resides Oklahoma City) m. Elma Thompson, Aug. 10, 1921, at Okla­ homa City. Their children: a. Thomas Milton (b. Aug. 2, 1924). b. Daniel Barnard (b. Aug. 4, 1928). 2. Raymond Greeley (b. Feb. 12, 1898; resides Oklahoma City) m. Theresa Helena Reinhart on June 21, 1921, at Oklahoma City. Their children:

86 a. James Martin (b. Jan. 14, 1925). b. John Thomas (b. Feb. 12, 1927). c. Robert Raymond (b. Sept. 12, 1931). 3. Thomas William (b. Oct. 21, 1899; d. March 18, 1921). 4. Clarence James (b. Aug. 11, 1901; resides Okla­ homa City).

C. Lulu Dell (b. July 18, 1873; d. April 14, 1901, Okla­ homa City) m. Charles Loomis on July 18, 1897. A son born Oct. 13, 1898, died that day.

87 JONATHAN LEWIS WILLIAMS (b. January 23, 1847, Porter county, Indiana; d. Decem­ ber 18, 1917, Kansas City, Kansas) m. RACHEL BARN­ ARD, daughter of William and Sally Barnard (d. Sept. 3, 1885) on February 25, 1869. Their children: A. Cora Lillian (b. Feb. 25, 1872; resides Lake Worth, Florida) m. Alden Hilton Shipman on Oct. 6, 1904. Their children : 1. Idella Naomi (b. Oct. 11, 1905; resides Lake Worth, Fla.) m. Herman Smith on Feb. 17, 1926, at Lake Worth. Their children : a. Dolores Inez (adopted; b. Nov. 19, 1930). b. Beverly Clare (b. July 25, 1931). c. Carolyn Louise (b. July 15, 1934). 2. Lewis Carleton (b. July 10, 1908; resides Lake Worth, Fla.) m. Myrtle Warren on Apr. 1, 1939.

B. Nora Alta (b. Jan. 13, 1874; resides Route 1, North Hollywood, Calif.) m. Tallie E. Kill grove on Oct. 17, 1894. Their children: 1. William Talliaferro (b. Oct. 21, 1895; resides South Pasadena, Calif.) m. Arvilla Jean Christensen on June 10, 1919. Their children: a. Jean Adelaide (b. Oct. 5, 1920). b. Raymond Bruce (b. Dec. 6, 1929). 2. -Ralph Ebenezer (b. July 15, 1897; d. Mar. 3. 1898). 3. Pearl Adelaide (b. Nov. 12, 1899; resides San Francisco, Calif.).

B-1. Nora Alta Williams m. Charles V. Hardin on Aug. 4, 1913, at Los Angeles, Calif. Their son: Henry Victor (b. Dec. 25, 1916; resides Route 1,

88 North Hollywood, Calif.) m. Evelyn Mae Buckbee on June 25, 1939.

C. Mary Pearl (b. June 16, 1884; resides Kansas City, Kans.) m. Benjamin W. Driggs at Kansas City, Kans., on Sept. 11, 1920. Their daughter: Vera Jean (b. Dec. 10, 1923).

Jonathan Lewis Williams m. Hattie Alberta Heifner at Parsons, Kansas, on April 20, 1887. Their son: Claude Lewis (b. Dec. 5, 1887 ; resides Kansas City, Kans.) m. Edna Corine Laande at Kansas City, Kans., on Dec. 24, 1918.

89