Histology of the Erythroid Series Histology > Tissue Types > Tissue Types

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Histology of the Erythroid Series Histology > Tissue Types > Tissue Types ERYTHROPOIESIS • The process of erythrocyte (red blood cell) development, which, in adults, primarily occurs in the spongy bone marrow. • Takes place in red marrow of spongy bone, aka, trabecular or cancellous bone. Stages: Common myeloid progenitor cell* Arises within the red bone marrow* Colony-forming unit – erythroid cells (CFU-E)* - EPO (hormone released from the kidneys) induces entry into the erythroid series. Proerythroblast* Has a large nucleus, so that only a basophilic rim of agranular cytoplasm can be seen. Golgi apparatus appears as a white "ghost" in the histological sample; though not shown here, the proerythroblast has an abundance of RNA and ribosome content. The nuclear chromatin is fine and granular, with 1 – 2 nucleoli. Basophilic erythroblast* Smaller (~8-16 µm) Cytoplasm appears even darker, more basophilic, because the polyribosomes are active in hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis. The nuclear chromatin begins to form clumps, which, against the lighter-staining surrounding matter, can create a so-called "checkerboard" pattern. Polychromatophilic erythroblast* Bluish-gray hue - the presence of hemoglobin increases and the cytoplasm becomes more acidophilic ("polychromatophilic" = cell contains both basophilic and acidophilic matter). Nucleus decreases in size, and the chromatin condenses; "checkerboard" pattern becomes more visible. Orthocromatic erythroblast* More acidophilic (hence, it is also referred to as an acidophilic erythrobast), due to the high concentration of hemoglobin Pyknotic nucleus: as the chromatin degenerates, the nucleus shrivels to form a dense basophilic mass - In transition to the next stage, the nucleus is extruded from the cell. Reticulocyte* Light pink/blue staining Has no nucleus Basophilic remnants of the reticulum and other organelles can still be seen. - Eventually, these remnants are also lost, and the mature erythrocyte stains red; however, upon close inspection, we can see that its biconcave center stains lighter – this is referred to as the central pallor. Additional Information: • As the erythropoid series progresses, the cells become smaller: the proerythroblast is approximately 15-20 micrometers in diameter; the erythrocyte is only 7-8.5 micrometers. • Be aware that a great deal of intertextual variation in nomenclature exists; in this tutorial, we've used the nomenclature that reflects changes in cytoplasmic staining as it goes from basophilic (dark purple/blue) to acidophilic (bright pinkish). • Be aware that many texts use "erythroblast" and "normoblast" interchangeably. Images: Mark Braun, MD. http://medsci.indiana.edu/c602web/602/c602web/virtual_nrml/nrml_lst_pad.htm Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1.

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Pituitary Gland
Part 6: Pituitary Gland Normal Physiology and Structure The pituitary gland comprises the adenohypophysis, which is made up of the pars distalis, pars intermedia and pars tuberalis and the neurohypophysis which includes the pars nervosa, infundibular stem and median eminence. The pars distalis forms the largest proportion of the gland and functions as the overall regulator of peripheral endocrine function by synthesizing and secreting at least 6 major trophic hormones. These include growth hormone (GH), prolactin (PrL), adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Since this is the important area of the pituitary with respect to detecting endocrine active compounds, the rest of this section will concentrate only on this part of the pituitary. For reviews see (Page, 1994; Tucker, 1999; Greaves, 2007). Each hormone of the pars distalis is generally secreted by a seperate cell type, but some cells are able to secrete two hormones. The different hormones impart different staining properties to the cells. Using histological stains based on Orange G and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), the cells of the pars distalis have been divided into acidophils (orange G positive), basophils (PAS positive) and chromophobes (absence of staining). In the rat, these have been reported to constitute 40, 10 and 50% respectively of the cell population of the pars distalis. The staining characteristics are dependent on the level of secretory activity, and when the cells have just secreted their granules or when secretory activity is increased, all the cells take on chromophobic characteristics due to the relative abundance of secretory organelles (endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi) and relative lack of secretory granules.
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New Tetrachromic VOF Stain (Type III-G.S) for Normal and Pathological Fish Tissues C
ORIGINAL PAPER New Tetrachromic VOF Stain (Type III-G.S) for Normal and Pathological Fish Tissues C. Sarasquete,* M. Gutiérrez Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucía, CSIC Polígono Río San Pedro, Apdo oficial, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain richrome methods invariably use dyes in acid ©2005, European Journal of Histochemistry pH solvents, usually diluted in aqueous acetic Tacid, and the concentration of this acid A new VOF Type III-G.S stain was applied to histological sec- matches the concentration of dye. Staining depends tions of different organs and tissues of healthy and pathologi- largely on the attachment of dyes to proteins. The cal larvae, juvenile and adult fish species (Solea senegalensis; acid pH itself is necessary to maximise the amount Sparus aurata; Diplodus sargo; Pagrus auriga; Argyrosomus regius and Halobatrachus didactylus). In comparison to the of dye that will attach to tissue amino groups. original Gutiérrez´VOF stain, more acid dyes of contrasting Proteins have both positively (amino groups) and colours and polychromatic/metachromatic properties were negatively (carboxyl and hydroxyl) charged groups. incorporated as essential constituents of the tetrachromic VOF Usually one predominates and this will have an stain. This facilitates the selective staining of different basic tissues and improves the morphological analysis of histo- overall negative or positive charge (being an acid or chemical approaches of the cell components. The VOF-Type III a basic protein). These charges can, however, bal- G.S stain is composed of a mixture of several dyes of varying ance each other out to some degree. Phosphate size and molecular weight (Orange G< acid Fuchsin< Light green<Methyl Blue<Fast Green), which are used simultane- groups of DNA and binding-proteins are important ously, and it enables the individual tissues to be selectively dif- in nuclear staining.The ionisation of basic groups of ferentiated and stained.
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The Histochemical Distribution of Placental Calcium and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Following Fetoplacental Dissociation in Th
Loyola University Chicago Loyola eCommons Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations 1976 The Histochemical Distribution of Placental Calcium and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Following Fetoplacental Dissociation in the Albino Rat eric sigmond Loyola University Chicago Follow this and additional works at: https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses Part of the Medical Anatomy Commons Recommended Citation sigmond, eric, "The Histochemical Distribution of Placental Calcium and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity Following Fetoplacental Dissociation in the Albino Rat" (1976). Master's Theses. 2872. https://ecommons.luc.edu/luc_theses/2872 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses and Dissertations at Loyola eCommons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of Loyola eCommons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 License. Copyright © 1976 eric sigmond THE HISTOCHEMICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLACENTAL CALCIUM AND ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY FOLLOWING FETOPLACENTAL DISSOCIATION IN THE ALBINO RAT by Eric Sigmond A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Loyola University of Chicago in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science February 1976 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Leslie A. Emmert for his suggestion of the problem, his patience, encouragement and supervision throughout the course of this thesis. His guidance helped overcome many problems which arose during the course of this study. I also wish to express thanks to Dr. Charles C.C. O'Morchoe and Dr. Maurice V. L'Heureux for their many valuable suggestions during the writing of this thesis.
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Tissue in Cases of Acute Rheumatism
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Blood & Bone Marrow
Blood & Bone Marrow Introduction The slides for this lab are located in the “Blood and Hematopoiesis” folders on the Virtual Microscope. Blood is a specialized connective tissue in which three cell types (erythrocytes, leukocytes and platelets) are suspended in an extracellular fluid called plasma. Plasma contains many proteins that serve to maintain osmotic pressure and homeostasis. Blood distributes oxygen, carbon dioxide, metabolites, hormones and other substances all throughout the cardiovascular system. The cells in blood have a relatively short life span and need to be replenished with new cells. These cells and their precursors are formed and mature in the bone marrow. Blood cell formation is called hematopoiesis. Learning objectives and activities Using the Virtual Microscope: A Identify the different cellular components of a peripheral blood smear o Erythrocyte o Neutrophil o Eosinophil o Basophil o Lymphocyte o Monocyte o Thrombocyte B Examine the major sites of hematopoiesis and differentiate between red and yellow marrow C Identify the different myeloid stem cell derived blood cell precursors in an active marrow smear D Complete the self-quiz to test your understanding and master your learning. Identify the different cellular components of a blood smear Examine Slide 1 (33) and find examples of the different types of blood cell This slide contains a normal blood smear. Not all parts of a blood smear are good for observation. Find an area where the cells are spread out (not overlapping) and appear as symmetrical discs. i. Leukocytes At low power the leukocyte nuclei can be seen sparsely scattered throughout the smear. The large and sometimes irregularly shaped nuclei are strongly basophilic making them a prominent feature of a blood smear.
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MASSON TRICHROMIC STAINING (With Aniline Blue) ______
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Characterization of Different Cell Types in the Pituitary Gland of Indian Fresh Water Spiny Eel Mastacembelus Armatus (Lacepede)
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Containing Granules in Human Erythrocytes and Their Precursors by A
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Picrosirius Red and Masson's Trichrome Staining
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Tissue Analysis How-To
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Calcification of the Internal Elastic Lamina of Coronary Arteries
Modern Pathology (2008) 21, 1019–1028 & 2008 USCAP, Inc All rights reserved 0893-3952/08 $30.00 www.modernpathology.org Calcification of the internal elastic lamina of coronary arteries Robert G Micheletti1, Gregory A Fishbein2, Judith S Currier1, Elyse J Singer3 and Michael C Fishbein2 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA and 3Department of Neurology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA Two well-recognized patterns of calcification occur in large- and medium-sized arteries, intimal calcification associated with atherosclerosis and medial calcification described by Mo¨ nckeberg. Calcification limited to the internal elastic lamina is a third pattern of calcification not previously reported in coronary arteries. Here we describe 19 cases of coronary artery internal elastic lamina calcification. We serially sectioned and examined the coronary arteries of 66 patients with advanced AIDS and 27 HIVÀ controls with other chronic illnesses. We observed calcification of the internal elastic lamina in 10 HIV þ patients and 9 controls. HIVÀ patients with internal elastic lamina calcification were significantly older than HIVÀ patients without it (P ¼ 0.008) and HIV þ patients with it (P ¼ 0.006). Occasionally, calcification encroached on adjacent intimal or medial tissue with mild fibrosis. There was frequent disruption of the internal elastic lamina but no evidence of inflammation. Calcification was the dominant histologic feature in all cases. Von Kossa, Alizarin red, and trichrome/elastic stains confirmed these findings. Patients with internal elastic lamina calcification often had extensive medical histories but did not suffer from chronic renal failure or other conditions known to cause calcium dysregulation.
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Hematoxylin and Eosin
www.aladdin-e.com Address:800 S Wineville Avenue, Ontario, CA 91761,USA Website:www.aladdin-e.com Email USA: [email protected] Email EU: [email protected] Email Asia Pacific: [email protected] Hematoxylin and Eosin What kinds of histological stains are stains basic (or acidophilic) structures red or there? pink. This is also sometimes termed 'eosinophilic'. Most cells are colourless and transparent, and Thus the cytoplasm is stained pink in the picture therefore histological sections have to be stained in some way to make the cells visible. The below, by H&E staining. techniques used can either be non-specific, Haematoxylin can be considered as a basic dye staining most of the cells in much the same way, or specific, selectively staining particular (general formula for basic dyes is:dye+ Cl-). Haemotoxylin is actually a dye called hematein chemical groupings or molecules within cells or (obtained from the log-wood tree) used in tissues. Staining usually works by using a dye, combination with aluminium ions (Al3+). It is used that stains some of the cells components a bright to stain acidic (or basophilic) structures a colour, together with a counterstain that stains the rest of the cell a different colour. purplish blue. (Haematoxylin is not strictly a basic dye, but it is used with a 'mordant' that makes this stain act as a basic dye. The mordant Basophilic and acidophilic staining. (aluminium salts) binds to the tissue, and then haematoxylin binds to the mordant, forming a Acidic dyes react with cationic or basic tissue-mordant-haematoxylin linkage.) components in cells.
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