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Report: Review of the Impact of Invasive Alien Species on Species CMS Distribution: General CONVENTION ON UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Inf.10.11.1 MIGRATORY 9 April 2014 SPECIES Original: English 18th MEETING OF THE SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL Bonn, Germany, 1-3 July 2014 Agenda Item 10.11 REPORT REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES ON SPECIES PROTECTED UNDER THE CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY SPECIES (CMS) For reasons of economy, documents are printed in a limited number, and will not be distributed at the meeting. Delegates are kindly requested to bring their copy to the meeting and not to request additional copies. UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Inf.10.11.1 REPORT REVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES ON SPECIES PROTECTED UNDER THE CONVENTION ON MIGRATORY SPECIES (CMS) FOR THE CONVENTION ON THE CONSERVATION OF MIGRATORY SPECIES OF WILD ANIMALS (CMS), UNITED NATIONS PREMISES, BONN, GERMANY OCTOBER 2013 SHYAMA PAGAD, PIERO GENOVESI AND RICCARDO SCALERA IUCN SSC INVASIVE SPECIES SPECIALIST GROUP Photo Credit: Wikipedia Commons UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Inf.10.11.1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms ..................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Glossary ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Migratory Species Protected under CMS Appendix I and II ............................................................................. 11 PART I......................................................................................................................................................................... 12 Impacts of Invasive Alien Species on Migratory Species Protected under CMS Appendix I and II ........... 12 Birds ....................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Reptiles .................................................................................................................................................................. 19 CASE STUDY Casuarina Equesetifolia L. IMPACTS ON TURTLE NESTING SITES ..................................................... 21 Mammals ............................................................................................................................................................... 24 Ray-finned and Cartilaginous fish .................................................................................................................... 26 Impacts of Invasive Alien Species on Migratory Species Protected under CMS I and II On Island Ecosystems ................................................................................................................................................................ 29 CASE STUDY MACQUARIE ISLAND PEST ERADICATION PROJECT .......................................................................... 30 CASE STUDY MACQUARIE ISLAND PEST ERADICATION PROJECT…continued ....................................................... 31 The Eradication of Rodents and Cats from Islands – Where Is It At In 2013? .......................................... 32 Impacts of Invasive Alien Species on Migratory Species in a Changing Climate .......................................... 33 What does a warmer globe mean? .................................................................................................... 33 How do these changes impact IAS? ................................................................................................... 33 How is the threat of IAS on CMS listed migratory species likely to develop in the light of climate change and which are the CMS listed migrants that will be most affected? ................................... 34 CMS listed Migratory Species that are Invasive in their Introduced Range ................................................. 37 CASE STUDY AOUDAD (Ammotragus Lervia) INVASION AND MANAGEMENT IN THE CANARY ISLANDS ........... 39 Migratory Species that are Invasive in their Introduced Range ..................................................................... 41 PART II ....................................................................................................................................................................... 43 Role of CMS in relation to Invasive Alien Species .............................................................................................. 43 The African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbird Agreement (AEWA) ............................................................... 45 The Agreement on the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels (ACAP) ................................................. 46 International Regulatory Framework and Invasive Alien Species ................................................................ 47 The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) .............................................................................................. 47 The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) ..... 50 2 UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Inf.10.11.1 Invasive Alien Species in the Context of the EU Wildlife Trade Regulation .............................................. 51 The Ramsar Convention ..................................................................................................................................... 53 The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Convention on Ballast Water Management (BWM)54 The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) .................................................................................. 56 The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) ................................................................................ 56 World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) ................................................................................................. 58 Standards and Trade Development Facility (STDF) ...................................................................................... 59 Inter-Agency Liaison Group on Invasive Alien Species ................................................................................ 60 The Bern Convention and the Council of Europe Strategy ........................................................................... 60 The Antarctic Treaty ........................................................................................................................................... 61 Gaps within the International Invasive Alien Species Framework ................................................................ 63 Synergies between CMS and other on-going Invasive Alien Species Management Initiatives .................. 65 Concluding Comments ............................................................................................................................................ 69 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................. 71 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................. 72 3 UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Inf.10.11.1 TABLE OF TABLES Table 1: Breakdown of Classes in CMS Appendix I and II February 2013 ............................................................. 11 Table 2: Invasive Alien Species that Impact Fish Species Protected under CMS I and II ...................................... 28 Table 3: Migratory Species that are known to be Invasive in their Introduced Range ......................................... 42 TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1: CMS listed taxa under Impacts of Invasive Alien Species ....................................................................... 13 Figure 2: Biomes that are most under threat by Invasive Alien Species ............................................................... 13 Figure 3: Top Ten Invasive Alien Species and numbers of migratory species impacted...................................... 14 Figure 4: Invasive Alien Species Threat Mechanism Breakdown ........................................................................... 15 Figure 5: Top Ten Invasive Alien Species that Impact Birds Protected under CMS I and II ................................. 16 Figure 6: Invasive Alien Species Threat Mechanism related to Marine Turtles Protected under CMS I and II .. 20 Figure 7: Invasive Alien Species Threat Mechanisms related to Mammals Protected under CMS I and II ......... 25 Figure 8: Top Ten Invasive Alien Species that Impact Mammals Protected under CMS I and II ......................... 26 Figure 9: Invasive Alien Species Threat Mechanism related to Migratory Species on Island Ecosystems ......... 29 4 UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Inf.10.11.1 ACRONYMS AEWA African-Eurasian Waterbirds Agreement ACAP Agreement for the Conservation of Albatrosses and Petrels ACCOBANS Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans of the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area ASCOBANS Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic and North Seas CABI ISC CABI Invasive Species Compendium COP Conference of
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