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TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION and ENVIRONMENTS on HEARD ISLAND by D.M
Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania, Volume 133(2), 2000 33 TERRESTRIAL VEGETATION AND ENVIRONMENTS ON HEARD ISLAND by D.M. Bergstrom and P.M. Selkirk (with three tables, one text-figure, one plate and an appendix) BERGSTROM, D.M. & SELKIRK, P.M., 2000 (30:vi): Terrestrial vegetation and environments on Heard Island. In Banks, M.R. & Brown, M.J. (Eds): HEARD ISLAND PAPERS. Pap. Proc. R. Soc. Tasm. 133(2): 33-46. https://doi.org/10.26749/rstpp.133.2.33 ISSN 0080-4703. Department ofBotany, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4072 (DMB); and Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia 2019 (PMS). Significantly ice-covered and with a very small flora (11 vascular species and about 60 bryophyte taxa), Heard Island is still emerging from the effects of the last glacial maximum. This study presents the results of a general vegetation survey. A baseline framework of environmental conditions that affect vegetation on the island is described and a classification (TWINS PAN) analysis based on presence/ absence data of both vascular plant species and bryophyte taxa is provided. Distinct suites of taxa were identified on the island, some containing bryophytes only. Fifreen ecological groups were delineated. A discussion of ecological amplitude ofimportant bryophyte and vascular plant taxa on Heard Island is included. Key Words: Subantarctic, tundra, vegetation, bryophytes, cushion plants, Heard Island. INTRODUCTION during the Tertiary and included a variety of ferns and a podocarp (Quilty et al. 1983). Subantarctic Heard Island (53°06'S, 73°32'E) is approxi There have been few studies of terrestrial plant ecology mately 4850 km southeast of southern Africa, 4350 km on Heard Island. -
Distribution of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic
Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and characterization of two new [i]Luteovirus[/i] species Laurence Svanella-Dumas, Thierry Candresse, Maurice Hullé, Armelle Marais-Colombel To cite this version: Laurence Svanella-Dumas, Thierry Candresse, Maurice Hullé, Armelle Marais-Colombel. Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub-Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and characterization of two new [i]Luteovirus[/i] species. PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science, 2013, 8 (6), pp.e67231. 10.1371/journal.pone.0067231. hal-01208609 HAL Id: hal-01208609 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01208609 Submitted on 29 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distribution of Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV in the Sub- Antarctic Kerguelen Islands and Characterization of Two New Luteovirus Species Laurence Svanella-Dumas1,2, Thierry Candresse1,2, Maurice Hulle´ 3, Armelle Marais1,2* 1 INRA, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032 Villenave d9Ornon, France, 2 Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 de Biologie du Fruit et Pathologie, CS20032 Villenave d9Ornon, France, 3 Institut de Ge´ne´tique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes, Agrocampus Rennes, UMR INRA 1349, BP 35327, Le Rheu, France Abstract A systematic search for viral infection was performed in the isolated Kerguelen Islands, using a range of polyvalent genus- specific PCR assays. -
Insects of Macquarie Island. Introduction1
Pacific Insects 4 (4) : 905-915 December, 15, 1962 INSECTS OF MACQUARIE ISLAND. INTRODUCTION1 By J. Linsley Gressitt BISHOP MUSEUM, HONOLULU Abstract: Collections of land arthropods were made on Macquarie Island by J. L. Gres sitt and J. H. Calaby, 4-10 December 1960, and by Keith Watson, December 1960-Decem- ber 1961. This paper is a brief discussion of the geography and environment of Macquarie, introductory to the systematic papers describing the fauna. Watson, of the Australian Na tional Antarctic Research Expeditions, will later publish his general ecological studies, when the species are all identified. INTRODUCTION This paper is a brief description of the geography and environment of Macquarie Is land, as related to land arthropods. It is presented by way of introduction to the series of reports by various specialists on the land arthropod fauna of the island. The bulk of these reports immediately follow this article. (One Macquarie mite is discussed in the third of the preceding articles by Wallwork on Antarctic mites, and another is mentioned in his second article.) Others will appear in later issues, when they are completed. After publication of the bulk of these taxonomic reports, Keith Watson will publish his general report on the land arthropod fauna of Macquarie, incorporating his ecological studies on the fauna. Through the kindness of Mr. P. G. Law, Director of the Antarctic Division, Australian Department of External Affairs, I was permitted to join the Australian National Antarctic Research Expedition for the annual resupply trip to Macquarie Island in early December 1960. The operation, supported by the chartered Danish ice-breaker Magga Dan, was car ried on at Macquarie from 4th to lOth December. -
Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities; Formerly from Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment (Tasmania)
The Minister included this species in the critically endangered category, effective from 26/02/2013. Advice to the Minister for Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population & Communities from the Threatened Species Scientific Committee (the Committee) on amendment to the list of Threatened Species under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act) 1. Reason for Conservation Assessment by the Committee This advice follows assessment of information gathered through the Commonwealth’s partnership agreement with Tasmania, which is aimed at systematically reviewing species that are inconsistently listed under the EPBC Act and relevant Tasmanian legislation. The Committee provides the following assessment of the appropriateness of this species’ inclusion in the EPBC Act list of threatened species: Corybas sulcatus (grooved helmet-orchid) 2. Summary of Species Details Taxonomy Conventionally accepted as Corybas sulcatus (M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones) G.N.Backh. Formerly Nematoceras sulcatum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones. State/Territory Listing This species is listed as endangered (as Nematoceras Status sulcatum) under the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995. Description A small, deciduous, tuberous terrestrial orchid that forms small clonal colonies. Leaves are solitary, circular (12–20 mm diameter) and flat to shallowly concave. They are light green above and silvery green beneath, with a thick-textured blade and fleshy leaf stalk 12–16 mm long. Flowers are 25–30 mm long and 10–14 mm wide, mostly dark red and held erect on a fleshy, green stalk that is 5–7 mm long (Clements and Jones, 2007). Distribution The grooved helmet-orchid is endemic to Macquarie Island (Tasmania). -
Resupinate Fungi (Basidiomycetes, Aphyllophoraies) of Macquarie Island, Australia
Hikobia 13: 745-750, 2002 Resupinate fungi (Basidiomycetes, Aphyllophoraies) of Macquarie Island, Australia GARY A. LAURSEN, HAROLD H. BURDSALL AND RODNEY D. SEPPELT LAURSEN, G. A., BURDSALL, H. H. & SEPPELT, R. D. 2002. Resupinate fungi (Basidiomycetes, Aphyllophorales) of Macquarie Island, Australia. Hikobia 13: 745-750. Fourteen collections of resupinate higher fungi in the order Aphyllophorales (Basidiomycetes) were made on Subantarctic Macquarie Island (54°30'S, 158°57' E) in 1995. Of the 14, three proved to lack species-determining characteristic basidiospores and 12 were determined to belong to three species in two genera; Athelopsis lembospora (Bourdot) Oberwinkler, Athelopsis subinconspicua (Lirschauer) Julich, the first report of this species from the Southern Hemisphere, and Epithele galzinii Bres., the first reportr of E. galzinii from an Australian territory and also representing a southern range extension by several hundred kilometers. None are endemic and all are suspected to have reached the Island by long-distance transoceanic wind dispersal from other southern continental sources. Their habitats are restricted to old and clustered culms, frond bracts, and leaf petioles of the fern Polystichum vestitum (G. Forst.) C. Presl, the raised pedestals of old giant russock grass stem bases of Poa foliosa (Hook. f-) Hook. f., and the woody, but thin, stems of Acaena magellanica (Lam.) Vahl (Rosaceae) and Coprosma perpusilla Colenso ssp. subantarcrica Orchard (Rubiaceae). Gary A. Laursen. University of Alaska Fairbanks, Institute of Arctic Biology, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6100, USA. Harold H. Burdrall, Jr.. retired Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory, Forest Service, USDA, Madison, WI 53705 USA. Rodney D. Seppelt, Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, 7050 Tasmania. -
Australian Natural HISTORY
I AUSTRAliAN NATURAl HISTORY PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM, 6-B COLLEGE STREET, SYDNEY VOLUME 19 NUMBER 7 PRESIDENT, JOE BAKER DIRECTOR, DESMOND GRIFFIN JULY-SEPTEMBER 1976 THE EARLY MYSTERY OF NORFOLK ISLAND 218 BY JIM SPECHT INSIDE THE SOPHISTICATED SEA SQUIRT 224 BY FRANK ROWE SILK, SPINNERETS AND SNARES 228 BY MICHAEL GRAY EXPLORING MACQUARIE ISLAND 236 PART1 : SOUTH ERN W ILDLIFE OUTPOST BY DONALD HORNING COVER: The Rockhopper I PART 2: SUBANTARCTIC REFUGE Penguin, Eudyptes chryso BY JIM LOWRY come chrysocome, a small crested species which reaches 57cm maximum A MICROCOSM OF DIVERSITY 246 adult height. One of the four penguin species which BY JOHN TERRELL breed on Macq uarie Island, they leave for six months every year to spend the IN REVIEW w inter months at sea. SPECTACULAR SHELLS AND OTHER CREATURES 250 (Photo: D.S. Horning.) A nnual Subscription: $6-Australia; $A7.50-other countries except New Zealand . EDITOR Single cop ies: $1 .50 ($1.90 posted Australia); $A2-other countries except New NANCY SMITH Zealand . Cheque or money order payable to The Australian Museum should be sen t ASSISTANT EDITORS to The Secretary, The Australian Museum, PO Box A285, Sydney South 2000. DENISE TORV , Overseas subscribers please note that monies must be paid in Australian currency. INGARET OETTLE DESIGN I PRODUCTION New Zealand Annual Subscription: $NZ8. Cheque or money order payable to the LEAH RYAN Government Printer should be sent to the New Zealand Government Printer, ASSISTANT Private Bag, Wellington. BRONWYN SHIRLEY CIRCULATION Opinions expressed by the authors are their own and do not necessarily represent BRUCE GRAINGER the policies or v iews of The Australian Museum. -
'Weeds by Nature': the Plants of Macquarie Island
Twelfth Australian Weeds Conference ‘WEEDS BY NATURE’: THE PLANTS OF MACQUARIE ISLAND Mark Fountain, Alan Macfadyen, Natalie Papworth and Jim Cane Royal Tasmanian Botanical Gardens, Queens Domain, Hobart, Tas. 7000 Abstract Subantarctic Macquarie Island is a small, which the annual temperature varies little from the very isolated island in the Southern Ocean 1500 km mean of 4.8°C, rain falls nearly every day but there is south-southeast of Tasmania. It is a relatively young little persistent snow. Westerly winds predominate, landmass, emerging from the sea between 200,000 and frequently reach gale force for prolonged periods, and 90,000 years ago, and like other subantarctic islands cloud covers the island for most of the year. only has a small number (41 species) of flowering SOIL DYNAMICS plants. All species on the island have travelled there by long distance dispersal, often showing biogeo- The key characteristic of Macquarie Island soil is that graphical links to the other subantarctic islands and of instability, and the two factors of seismic activity land masses to the west and north. Many could be and gravity interplay here. Earthquakes 6.2 on the characterised as obligate colonisers or ‘weeds by na- Richter scale or stronger occur at least annually (Jones ture’ since they come from ‘weedy’ genera with cos- and McCue 1988), and are responsible for mass move- mopolitan distributions such as Galium, Epilobium, ment in the form of landslips typified in the ridgetop Cardamine and Stellaria. peatbeds (Selkirk et al. 1988). The steep slopes ex- posed to the constant rain and wind are susceptible to The island’s soils are essentially skeletal at high alti- gradual downward movement, aided on a more local tude or highly organic loam or peat at low altitude. -
The Vegetation Communities Macquarie Island Vegetation
Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark The Vegetation Communities Macquarie Island vegetation Pleurophyllum hookeri Edition 2 From Forest to Fjaeldmark 1 Macquarie Island vegetation Community (Code) Page Coastal slope complex (QCS) 4 Coastal terrace mosaic (QCT) 6 Kelp beds (QKB) 8 Macquarie alpine mosaic (QAM) 10 Mire (QMI) 12 Short tussock grassland/rushland with herbs (QST) 14 Tall tussock grassland with megaherbs (QTT) 16 General description the surface and is part of its identified value as a World Heritage Area. The vegetation mapping of Macquarie Island was prepared by P.M. Selkirk and D.A. Adamson in 1998 All of the vegetation of Macquarie Island is and is based on vegetation structure rather than herbaceous, with no woody species present. community composition. Vegetation categories Megaherbs are a distinctive and unique feature of indicate foliage density and foliage height, similar to the sub-Antarctic, occurring nowhere else in the scheme of Specht (Specht et al. 1995). Using Tasmania. There are two megaherbs on Macquarie Specht’s classes, ‘closed vegetation’ equates to Island – Stilbocarpa polaris (Macquarie Island foliage projective cover >70%; and ‘open vegetation’ cabbage) and Pleurophyllum hookeri. In tall tussock equates to foliage projective cover <70%. ‘Tall grasslands dominated by Poa foliosa, there are often vegetation’ describes vegetation where the foliage swathes of Stilbocarpa polaris. stands higher than 0.4 to 0.5m above the ground, The vegetation communities that make up the while ‘short vegetation’ has foliage <0.4m high. Coastal terrace mosaic are much more widespread Seven structural vegetation types have been than currently mapped. Components of this mosaic identified in the mapping of Macquarie Island (mire, herbland, tall grassland, bryophytes, lakes, vegetation. -
Subantarctic Islands: an Intrepid Journey and Brief History©
Subantarctic islands: an intrepid journey and brief history© T. Hatch a Joy Plants, 78, Jericho Road, RD 2, Pukekohe, 2677, New Zealand. MY INTREPID JOURNEY It was with a sense of both trepidation and expectation that I boarded the shuttlebus setting out on the once busy road from Invercargill to Bluff – long gone were the miners, seafarers, polar explorers and whalers of yesteryear. Off on a long awaited journey to the islands of the subantarctic at the kindest time of the year – in January of 2016. Never a mariner, the quote came to mind “one does not discover new lands without consenting to leave sight of the shore” (André Gide). Arriving at the dock with an elect group of birdwatchers and animal photographers from various lands we boarded our sea vessel the Spirit of Enderby hosted by Heritage Expeditions. Overnight we sailed the 130 km south to the Snares Islands with their steep cliffs only to be viewed from Zodiac boats. The vegetation grows in deep peat soil full of breeding seabirds where the endemic Olearia lyallii reaches 5 m or more tall, and its tangled branches cover the myriads of muttonbird nests. The yellow-flowered tree daisy, Brachyglottis stewartiae, along with Veronica (Hebe) elliptica covered in white flowers were hanging off the rocks. The megaherb Stilbocarpa robusta (Figure 1), the endemic Anisotome acutifolia (Figure 2), Asplenium ferns and Poa grass draped down to the tide edge. Snares crested penguin numbering around 60,000, and three albatross species nest here as well as New Zealand fur seals and New Zealand sea lions in small numbers. -
New Salad & Vegetable Crops
New Salad & Vegetable Crops From Australia’s sub-Antarctic Islands A report for the Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation by Iain Dawson, Australian National Botanic Gardens December 1998 RIRDC Publication No 98/145 RIRDC Project No ANC-2A © 1998 Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation. All rights reserved. ISBN 0 642 57857 5 ISSN 1440-6845 New Salad & Vegetable Crops from Australia’s Sub-Antarctic Islands Publication no 98/145 Project no. ANC-2A The views expressed and the conclusions reached in this publication are those of the author and not necessarily those of persons consulted. RIRDC shall not be responsible in any way whatsoever to any person who relies in whole or in part on the contents of this report. This publication is copyright. However, RIRDC encourages wide dissemination of its research, providing the Corporation is clearly acknowledged. For any other enquiries concerning reproduction, contact the Publications Manager on phone 02 6272 3186. Researcher Contact Details Iain Dawson Australian National Botanic Gardens Clunies Ross Road ACTON ACT 2601 GPO Box 1777 CANBERRA ACT 2601 Phone: 02 6250 9450 Fax: 02 6250 9599 email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.anbg.gov.au RIRDC Contact Details Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation Level 1, AMA House 42 Macquarie Street BARTON ACT 2600 PO Box 4776 KINGSTON ACT 2604 Phone: 02 6272 4539 Fax: 02 6272 5877 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.rirdc.gov.au Published in December 1998 Printed on environmentally friendly paper by the DAFF Copy Centre ii Foreword In recent years Australia has seen a dramatic increase in diversity in fruit and vegetable markets. -
South, Tasmania
Biodiversity Summary for NRM Regions Guide to Users Background What is the summary for and where does it come from? This summary has been produced by the Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (SEWPC) for the Natural Resource Management Spatial Information System. It highlights important elements of the biodiversity of the region in two ways: • Listing species which may be significant for management because they are found only in the region, mainly in the region, or they have a conservation status such as endangered or vulnerable. • Comparing the region to other parts of Australia in terms of the composition and distribution of its species, to suggest components of its biodiversity which may be nationally significant. The summary was produced using the Australian Natural Natural Heritage Heritage Assessment Assessment Tool Tool (ANHAT), which analyses data from a range of plant and animal surveys and collections from across Australia to automatically generate a report for each NRM region. Data sources (Appendix 2) include national and state herbaria, museums, state governments, CSIRO, Birds Australia and a range of surveys conducted by or for DEWHA. Limitations • ANHAT currently contains information on the distribution of over 30,000 Australian taxa. This includes all mammals, birds, reptiles, frogs and fish, 137 families of vascular plants (over 15,000 species) and a range of invertebrate groups. The list of families covered in ANHAT is shown in Appendix 1. Groups notnot yet yet covered covered in inANHAT ANHAT are are not not included included in the in the summary. • The data used for this summary come from authoritative sources, but they are not perfect. -
Accepted Manuscript
Accepted Manuscript Title: Longevity, growth and community ecology of invasive Poa annua across environmental gradients in the subantarctic Author: Laura K. Williams Justine D. Shaw Brian M. Sindel Susan C. Wilson Paul Kristiansen PII: S1439-1791(17)30284-0 DOI: https://doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.baae.2018.02.003 Reference: BAAE 51083 To appear in: Received date: 3-9-2017 Revised date: 9-2-2018 Accepted date: 9-2-2018 Please cite this article as: Williams, L. K., Shaw, J. D., Sindel, B. M., Wilson, S. C., and Kristiansen, P.,Longevity, growth and community ecology of invasive Poa annua across environmental gradients in the subantarctic, Basic and Applied Ecology (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2018.02.003 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. 1 Longevity, growth and community ecology of invasive Poa annua across environmental 2 gradients in the subantarctic 3 Laura K Williams a,* , Justine D Shaw b, Brian M Sindel a, Susan C Wilson a, Paul Kristiansen a 4 a School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW Australia 2350 5 b Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, 6 St Lucia, QLD Australia 4072 7 * Corresponding author.