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National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024

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National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 © UNICEF Ethiopia/2017/Marta Tadesse National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Women, Children and Youth August 2019 Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Ministry of Women,Children and Youth National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 2 National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 3 National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 Contents 4 Contents 6 List of figures and tables 8 Acknowledgements 9 Acronyms 11 Foreword 12 Executive Summary 17 Chapter 1: Introduction 17 1.1 Background 18 1.2 Rationale and purpose of the National Roadmap 19 1.3 Structure of the National Roadmap 20 Chapter 2: Situation of Child Marriage and FGM/C 20 2.1 The magnitude and profile of child marriage and FGM/C 20 2.1.1 Magnitude and profile of child marriage 20 2.1.2 Magnitude and profile of FGM/C 21 2.2 Patterns and trends of child marriage and FGM/C 21 2.2.1 Patterns of child marriage and trends over time 23 2.2.2 Patterns of FGM/C and trends over time 26 2.3 Key drivers of child marriage and FGM/C 26 2.3.1 Drivers of child marriage 28 2.3.2 Drivers of FGM/C 29 2.4 Rate of acceleration needed for elimination of child marriage and FGM/C 30 Chapter 3: Enabling Environment for Ending Child Marriage and FGM/C 30 3.1 Legal and policy frameworks 30 3.1.1 International legal and policy frameworks 30 3.1.2 Continental and regional legal and policy frameworks 31 3.1.3 National legal and policy framework 32 3.2 National efforts and results on eliminating child marriage and FGM/C 34 3.3 Lessons learnt and key strategies 34 3.3.1 Lessons learnt 35 3.3.2 Ending HTPs: Protective factors and strategies 37 3.3.3 Pillar strategies and core approaches 4 National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 39 Chapter 4: Multi-sectoral Implications of Ending Child Marriage and FGM/C 39 4.1 The social implications of child marriage and FGM/C 41 4.2 Macroeconomic implications of ending child marriage and FGM/C 43 Chapter 5: Core Principles and Theory of Change 43 5.1 Core principles of the National Roadmap 44 5.2 Theory of change for child marriage and FGM/C and result paths 44 5.2.1 Outcomes and result pathways 47 5.2.2 Theory of change for ending child marriage and FGM/C 48 Chapter 6: National Roadmap costings and budget 48 6.1 Costing for ending child marriage and FGM/C plans of action 48 6.1.1 Key process followed 49 6.1.2 Costing assumptions and parameters 49 6.1.3 Estimated previous expenditure and the National Roadmap funding gap 51 Chapter 7: National Roadmap M&E and Accountability Framework 51 7.1 Key features and principles 52 Chapter 8: Funding Sources for the National Roadmap 52 8.1 Funding Mechanisms 53 8.2 Strategies for resource mobilization 53 8.3 Time Frame 54 References 57 Annex 1: Figures 1–6 (Section 2.1) 59 Annex 2: Figures 7–36 (Section 2.2) 71 Annex 3: Figures 37–40 (Section 2.4) 73 Annex 4: Legal and policy frameworks matrix (Chapter 3) 77 Annex 5: Good practices and innovative interventions to end child marriage and FGM/C (Section 3.3.2) 80 Annex 6: Causal pathways for ending child marriage and FGM/C (Section 5.2) 85 Annex 7: Summary budget and cost description at national and regional level (Chapter 6) 88 Annex 8: Summary budget per region by outcome and output (Chapter 6) 91 Annex 9: Role of sectors and partners in supporting the National Roadmap (Chapters 7 and 8) 93 Annex 10: The National Roadmap results framework 5 National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 List of figures and tables 57 Figure 1: Percentage married by age cohort and sex (EDHS 2016) 57 Figure 2: Child marriage rates by selected background characteristics (EDHS 2016) 58 Figure 3: Percentage of girls age 15-19 cut (EDHS 2016) 58 Figure 4: Type of FGM/C for girls aged 15-19 EDHS 2016) 58 Figure 5: Age at which girls aged 15-19 were cut (EDHS 2016) 58 Figure 6: Mother’s report, percentage girls 0-14, cut or sewn shut by age (EDHS 2016) 59 Figure 7: Marriage by exact age, by age cohort (EDHS 2016) 59 Figure 8: Females married by exact age, by EDHS year 59 Figure 9: Women’s median age of 1st marriage, by region and age group (EDHS 2016) 60 Figure 10: Median age of 1st marriage for women 20-49 by region and EDHS year 60 Figure 11: Decision-making over marriage (EDHS 2016) 61 Figure 12: Made marriage decision by self, by region (EDHS 2016) 61 Figure 13: Made marriage decision by self, by residence location (EDHS 2016) 61 Figure 14: Made marriage decision by self, by education (EDHS 2016) 62 Figure 15: Made marriage decision by self, by wealth quintile (EDHS 2016) 62 Figure 16: Percentage of girls who were married, by age group and region (2007 census) 64 Figure 17: Percentage of women cut, by background characteristic (EDHS 2016) 64 Figure 18: FGM/C type by age grouping (EDHS 2016) 64 Figure 19: Beliefs about FGM/C continuing, by sex and age (EDHS 2016) 64 Figure 20: Religious beliefs about FGM/C, by sex and age EDHS 2016) 65 Figure 21: Beliefs about FGM/C continuing, by sex and region (EDHS 2016) 65 Figure 22: Religious beliefs about FGM/C, by sex and region (EDHS 2016) 66 Figure 23: Beliefs about FGM/C continuing, by sex and education (EDHS 2016) 66 Figure 24: Religious beliefs about FGM/C, by sex and education (EDHS 2016) 66 Figure 25: Beliefs about FGM/C continuing, by sex and religion (EDHS 2016) 66 Figure 26: Religious beliefs about FGM/C, by sex and religion (EDHS 2016) 6 National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 66 Figure 27: Percentage of women 15-49 who have been cut, by region (EDHS 2016) 67 Figure 28: Type of FGM/C, by region (EDHS 2016) 67 Figure 29: Age at which women were cut, by region (EDHS 2016) 68 Figure 30: Rates of FGM/C, by region, by EDHS year 68 Figure 31: Percentage of girls 0-14 cut, by region, by year (2011 WMS, 2016 EDHS) 68 Figure 32: Percentage of girls cut, by age and residence location (EDHS 2016) 69 Figure 33: Percentage of girls cut, by age and region (EDHS 2016) 70 Figure 34: Percentage of girls cut, by age and mother’s education (EDHS 2016) 70 Figure 35: Percentage of girls cut, by age and mother’s religion (EDHS 2016) 70 Figure 36: Percentage of girls cut, by age and mother’s FGM/C status (EDHS 2016) 71 Figure 37: Average annual rate of reduction in the prevalence of child marriage, observed and by 2025 and 2030 (UNICEF 2018) 71 Figure 38: Percentage of women aged 20–24 first married or in a union by age 18, by region 1991 and 2016 (UNICEF 2018) 72 Figure 39: Average annual rate of reduction in the percentage of women aged 20–24 first married or in a union by age 18 in three regions, observed and required for elimination (UNICEF 2018) 72 Figure 40: Average annual rate of reduction (AAR) in the percentage of girls and women aged 15 to 19 years who have undergone FGM/C, observed and required for elimination by 2030, by region (UNICEF 2018) 50 Table 1: Summary of resources required for the National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020 – 2024; existing financing expended at Federal and Regional omenW Children and Youth, and the funding gap for the roadmap in Ethiopian Birr (ETB) 50 Table 2: National Plan of Action (PoA) Cost by Outcome and by Year (in ETB) 63 Table 3: Percentage ever married girls aged 10–17 years, top 40 hotspot woredas (2007 census) 7 National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 Acknowledgements The National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) (National Roadmap) has been produced by the Ministry of Women, Children and Youth (MoWCY) of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, with the technical and financial support of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women (UN Women). Consultancy firms IPE Global and Maestral International were recruited to support the development of the National Roadmap. Valuable assistance and guidance were provided by the National Alliance to End FGM/C and Child Marriage and the National Roadmap Task force established by MoWCY. Valuable technical support was provided by CARE Ethiopia, ChildFund, Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE), Norwegian Church Aid, Save the Children and the UK Department for International Development (DFID). 8 National Costed Roadmap to End Child Marriage and FGM/C 2020–2024 Acronyms ACERWC African Committee of Experts on the Rights and Welfare of the Child AAR Average annual rate of reduction AU African Union B-G Benishangul-Gumuz (Region) BoF Bureau of Finance BoLSA Bureau of Labour and Social Affairs BoWCY Bureau of Women, Children and Youth CBO Community-based organization CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women CESCR Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights CM Child marriage CRVS Civil registration and vital statistics CSA Central Statistics Agency CSO Civil society organization DEVAW Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women DFID UK Department for International Development ECCE Early childhood care and education EDHS Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey EGLDAM Ye Ethiopia Goji Limadawi Dirgitoch Aswegaj Mahiber (formerly the National Committee on Harmful Traditional Practices in Ethiopia) EHRC Ethiopian Human Rights Commission ESDP Education Sector Development Programme ETB Ethiopian Birr FAG Federal Attorney General FBO Faith-based
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