Soranus' Text “On Signs of Fractures”
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Dissertation
Dissertation Titel der Dissertation „Josef Strzygowski - Zur Entwicklung seines Denkens“ Verfasser Mag.phil. Heinz Schödl angestrebter akademischer Grad Doktor der Philosophie (Dr.phil.) Wien, 2011 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 092 315 Dissertationsgebiet lt. Studienblatt: 315 Kunstgeschichte Betreuer: Dekan o. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Michael Viktor Schwarz Inhaltsverzeichnis 0. Vorwort 04 I. Einleitung 29 I.I Der Ruf nach Wien 29 I.II Die Wiener Lehrkanzeln für Kunstgeschichte 29 I.III Die Berufung Strzygowskis 31 I.IV Die Antrittsrede 33 I.V Ansichten und Bekenntnisse 40 I.VI Forschungsfrage 42 II. Strzygowskis Methode: Hermeneutik? 45 II.I Die frühen Jahre bis zur Wiener Antrittsvorlesung 45 „Composition“ oder: Die Griechen als Lehrer / Heilung durch Anschauung: Vom pädagogischen Eros / Von der Anschauung zur Methode / Geschichte vs. Wissenschaft / Überblick II.II München leuchtet und weist den Weg 63 Heinrich von Brunn: Innovator der Archäologie / Lehrer und Schüler Heinrich von Brunn als Lehrer / Monumente des troischen Zyklus als praktische Methodologie archäologischer Interpretation / Überblick / Beide Schüler eines Lehrers: Langbehn und Strzygowski II.III Theorie und Praxis: Zur Anschauung in den frühen Arbeiten 98 Die Dissertation / Cimabue / Michelangelo, Leonardo II.IV Ausblick: Zur weiteren Entwicklung von Strzygowskis Methode 112 Zur völkischen Erkenntnis / Erste Erfolge / urbi et orbi – Eine globale Wissenschaft Goldene Zwanziger? Ein Ausblick auf die Monographien / Die Krisis wird besichtigt: Zur Lage der Geisteswissenschaften -
Theodora, Aetius of Amida, and Procopius: Some Possible Connections John Scarborough
Theodora, Aetius of Amida, and Procopius: Some Possible Connections John Scarborough HEN ANCIENT AND MEDIEVAL SOURCES speak of prostitutes’ expertise, they frequently address the Wquestion of how they managed to keep free from pregnancies. Anyone unschooled in botanicals that were con- traceptives or abortifacients might pose a question similar to that of an anonymous writer in twelfth-century Salerno who asks medical students: “As prostitutes have very frequent intercourse, why do they conceive only rarely?”1 Procopius’ infamous invective, describing the young Theodora’s skills in prostitution, contains a similar phrase: she “became pregnant in numerous instances, but almost always could expel instantly the results of her coupling.”2 Neither text specifies the manner of abortion or contraception, probably similar to those re- corded in the second century by Soranus of Ephesus (see be- low). Procopius’ deliciously scandalous narrative is questionable 1 Brian Lawn, The Prose Salernitan Questions (London 1970) B 10 (p.6): Que- ritur cum prostitute meretrices frequentissime coeant, unde accidat quod raro concipiant? 2 Procop. Anec. 9.19 (ed. Haury): καὶ συχνὰ µὲν ἐκύει, πάντα δὲ σχεδὸν τεχνάζουσα ἐξαµβλίσκειν εὐθὺς ἴσχυε, which can also be translated “She conceived frequently, but since she used quickly all known drugs, a mis- carriage was effected”; if τεχνάζουσα is the ‘application of a specialized skill’, the implication becomes she employed drugs that were abortifacients. Other passages suggestive of Procopius’ interests in medicine and surgery include Wars 2.22–23 (the plague, adapted from Thucydides’ description of the plague at Athens, with the added ‘buboes’ of Bubonic Plague, and an account of autopsies performed by physicians on plague victims), 6.2.14–18 (military medicine and surgery), and 1.16.7 (the infamous description of how the Persians blinded malefactors, reported matter-of-factly). -
Introduction
Introduction Just over a century has passed since a team of scholars from across Europe, led by German historian of ancient philosophy and science Hermann Diels (1848–1922)1, compiled the manuscripts containing Greek medical texts and their medieval translations into a catalogue2. Following such classical bibliographies as the Bibliotheca Graeca by Johann Albert Fabricius (1668–1736)3 and the several Bibliothecae by Albrecht von Haller (1708–1777)4, Diels, as the catalogue became known, was a landmark in classical and medico-historical scholarship5. It was not completely 1 For a broad approach to Diels’ multifaceted activity, see for example Calder et al. 1999. All works referred to in this introduction are cited in an abbreviated form (author’s last name and year of publication). For the full reference, see the bibliography at pp. xxi–xxx. 2 The catalogue was published in two issues in 1905 and 1906, in the proceedings of Berlin Acade- my of Science, with a supplement in 1908 in the same series (Diels 1905, 1906a, and 1908, respectively). The 1905 and 1906 issues were published together as a volume in 1906 (Diels 1906b) with a slightly different title (Die Handschriften der antiken Ärzte, Griechische Abtei- lung) which implied that a similar programme would have dealt with the Latin manuscripts. The frontmatter of the second issue (1906a), which provided a general presentation of the programme, the list of the collaborators, and the bibliography, is reproduced as the front matter of this volume with the same pagination as in the first publication. All three issues (1905, 1906a, and 1908) were reprinted in 1970 with an introduction by Fridolf Kudlien (1928–2008) (Kudlien 1970). -
Tertullian and Medicine
Tertullian and Medicine Thomas Heyne, Dallas ABSTRACT: Scholars have long described Tertullian as the first Christian writer to show an appreciable knowledge of medicine, but none has analyzed this theme in comprehensive detail. A thorough analysis of Tertullian’s corpus reveals a remarkably consistent respect for physicians, profound understanding of medical science, and creative use of medical metaphors. His medical knowledge ‒ derived from Soranus of Ephesus and Pliny the Elder ‒ was deeper than that of prior Christians, and it appears to have deepened further throughout his lifetime. Furthermore, Tertullian never disparaged doctors as many of his contemporaries did. Nonetheless, he was apparently ignorant of Galen, and he never made medicine his major priority. 1 I. Introduction1 Few scholarly topics are of more practical import today than the interplay between faith and healthcare. And few early Christian writers are more controversial and fascinating than Tertullian of Carthage. Lively scholarly debate continues on numerous topics, including whether he rejected secular learning or embraced Montanism, and whether these opinions changed. Relatively unexplored is the corollary question: did Tertullian, as many scholars have intimated, reject medical science? More specifically, did the ‘fundamentalist’ Tertullian typify a rejection of medicine by certain early Christians, who either embraced suffering or prayed for healing—and therefore ‘hastened the decline of medicine’?2 Put differently, was Tertullian an example of the ‘Christian…glorification of disease,’ which ‘delighted exuberantly in famine and plague’?3 In addition, what precisely was Tertullian’s knowledge and opinion of disease and medicine, and did his opinions ever change? Despite a burgeoning interest in the history of medicine and early Christianity, and despite repeated scholarly acknowledgements of Tertullian’s medical erudition, these questions remain largely answered. -
The Healing Hand: the Role of Women in Ancient Medicine 1
Acta Theologica Supplementum 7 2005 THE HEALING HAND: THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN ANCIENT MEDICINE ABSTRACT In contrast with the struggle of 19th and 20th century women all over the world to be admitted to medical schools, women in ancient Greece and Rome were apparently increasingly at liberty to practise medicine from the 4th century BC onwards. The available evidence offers conclusive proof of this more tolerant attitude. The sources are few in number, but fragmentary information can be gleaned from medical writers, passing remarks in Greek and Latin authors, and funerary inscriptions. These sources emphasise the professions of midwife and female doctor. Although there is some overlap between their duties, we find that in Greece a distinction was drawn between maia and iatrikê as early as the 4th century BC, while in Rome the two professions of obstetrix and medica or iatrina were well established by the 1st century BC. The training, personal characteristics, qualifications, duties, status and remuneration of practitioners of the two professions will be considered in this study. The funerary inscriptions of female doctors reveal that they were honoured in the same way as men for exceptional ser- vices; medical works were also dedicated to them as colleagues, and those of them who wrote texts of their own were quoted with respect. Thus, although there were never very many female doctors, the classical world does not seem to have placed insurmount- able obstacles in the way of women who wished to practise medicine. 1. INTRODUCTION One of the most famous group statues of the 17th century Italian sculp- tor Bernini is that of Aeneas, fleeing from the burning city of Troy with his elderly father on his shoulders and his young son alongside him at the end of the 10-year war between the Greeks and the Trojans. -
25 Gynecological Surgery from the Hippocratics to THE
MEDICINA NEI SECOLI ARTE E SCIENZA, 22/1-3 (2010) 25-64 Journal of History of Medicine Articoli/Articles GYNECOLOGICAL SURGERY FROM THE HIPPocratics to THE Fall OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE LAWRENCE J. BLIQUEZ University of Washington D.C., USA SUMMARY The article aimes to explore advances in the Greco-Roman gynecological surgery with particular emphasis on the Roman Empire. The development and improvement of the Roman surgical instrumentarium occurred in tandem with surgical advances, gynecological as well as general. It might therefore be said that the approach taken in this paper is one based on material culture. The purpose of this essay is to explore advances in Greco-Roman gynecological surgery with particular emphasis on the Roman Empire. By advances I mean primarily advances in technique and greater adventuresomeness, not necessarily greater success in reliev- ing human suffering. It is impossible to determine the latter, although it is hard to believe that new techniques did not help patients in some measure. I will hardly be the first to chart these advances. Readers of histo- ries of general surgery such as Gurlt’s can gain an understanding of progress in the field1. But this comes only by picking one’s way through a good many other surgical procedures. For this reason it will be useful to assemble the gynecological interventions employed by Greco-Roman surgeons practicing between the first and the third centuries ACE, a particularly innovative period in surgical proce- Key words: Gynecology – Surgical Strumentaria – Ancient medicine 25 Lawrence J. Bliquez dures of all kinds. I here refer to less known surgeons who were quite famous in their day, such as Antyllus, Leonides, Archigenes and Philumenus, as well as to names everyone is familiar with, such as Celsus, the great Soranus of Ephesus, and Galen. -
Antiquariatsangebot Nr.989
Versandantiquariat Robert A. Mueller Nachf. ∗ gegründet 1950 ∗ Inh. Herbert Mueller * D-30916 Isernhagen Bothfelder Str. 11 Tel.:0511 / 61 40 70 Antiquariats-Angebot Nr. 989 Pädagogik von Mnu bis Rey Bei Bestellungen innerhalb von 10 Tagen 50 Prozent Rabatt Der Rabatt gilt nur für dieses Angebot Erhaltungszustands-Abkürzungen: 1)= Tadellos, 2)= gut erhalten, 3)= mit leichten Gebrauchsspuren, 4)= mit stärkeren Gebrauchsspuren, Na.= Name auf Titelblatt, (St.)= Stempel, U.= Unterstreichungen, (oJ.)= ohne Angabe des Erscheinungsjahres, Bibl. = Bibliotheksexemplar mit Stempel und Rückennummer (evtl. in Folie eingeschweißt). Falls Bestelltes nicht innerhalb 30 Tagen geliefert wurde, ist der Titel bereits verkauft. Sollte ein Titel kurzfristig (90 Tage) erneut angekauft werden können, wird dieser automatisch nachgeliefert. Benachrichtigung über verkaufte Titel nur auf Wunsch ! - 2007 - > Fax 0511 / 61 40 75 < > E-Mail [email protected] < 1) MNU: Jg.47.1994.Heft 6 und Jg.49.1996 Heft 1 und 2. Der Mathematische und Naturwissenschaftliche Unterricht. Organ des Deutschen Vereins zur Förderung des mathematischen und naturwissenschaftlichen Unterrichts e. V. Dümmler Verlag. Bonn. 323-384. IV. , XXVIII. 128 S. Quart. m. Textabb. (St. ). Kt. -2)je Heft. {AO393} 3,47 € 2) Möbus,Gerhard: Sowjetpädagik in Deutschland. Sonderdruck aus Psychagogie u. Pädagogik des Kommunismus. Westdeutscher Vlg. Köln. 1959. 76 S. (St. )Kt. -2). {AU986} 4,49 € 3) Modern Sprak: Vol. 66. Edited for the Modern Language Teachers' Association. by Johannes Hedberg, Gustav Korlén, Börje Schlyter. Moderna Sprak.Hefte 1-4 gebunden. U.a. Wessner, Die deutschsprachige Minderheit in Rumänien. Testpapers. Saltsjö-Duvnäs. Sweden. 1972. VII. 464 S.(St.) Hln. - 2)Bibl. engl., schwedisch, deutsch u.a.. {BR4687} 35 € 4) Modern Sprak: Vol.67. -
Treatment of Mental Illness in Post-Hippocratic Ancient Medicine
ENCEPHALOS 55, 36-41, 2018 Treatment of Mental Illness in Post-Hippocratic Ancient Medicine S. KOTSOPOULOS, MD, PhD, FRCPC* Summary Introduction The medical treatises of a number of physicians of The time period covered in the present study extends the Hippocratic tradition, which have survived to pos - from the 1 st to the 7 th century A.D. A number of terity, provide a record of concepts of mental illness - important physicians-writers flourished in the six cen - es and their management for Late Antiquity and the tury period. Among those who lived in the earlier cen - early centuries of Byzantium. The writings are con - turies, Aretaeus the Cappadocian (c. 50 A.D.)[1], sidered here of Early Byzantium physicians. A nosol - Soranus of Ephesus (c. 78-117 A.D.)[2], and Rufus of ogy landmark was provided early by Aretaeus and Ephesus[3], probably contemporary of Soranus, Caelius Aurelianus distinguishing acute and chronic have dealt with mental illness extensively. Galen of diseases. Ancient physicians considered the pathol - Pergamum (131-201 A.D.) presented his views on ogy of mental illness as being biological consequent - mental illness less systematically. Among his several ly the treatment was primarily biological although treatises none is dealing exclusively with them.[4] At environmental interventions were also considered. a later date other medical writers such as Oribasius Prevalent was the concept of imbalance of the body of Pergamum (c.325-400)[5], Aetius of Amida (6 th fluids [humors]. Primary objective of the intervention century A.D.[6], Alegander of Tralles (525-605 was the restoration of balance among the humors. -
International Academy of Perinatal Medicine (Iapm)
History, Organization and Activities PREFACE Organization and Activities History, he International Academy of Perina- by Prof. Erich Saling, President of IAPM. tal Medicine (IAPM) was created in T 2005, with the agreement of the Presi- FOREWORD dents of three scientific societies: the by José M. Carrera, Secretary General ) World Association of Perinatal Medicine of IAPM. (WAPM), the European Association of Peri- CHAPTER 1 natal Medicine (EAPM) and the Internatio- The History of Perinatal Medicine. nal Society «The Fetus as a Patient» (ISFAP). IAPM ( th On the 25 of May 2005 took place the CHAPTER 2 foundational ceremony in Barcelona The fathers of Perinatal Medicine: (Spain) with venue at the Royal Academy the academic medals. of Medicine of Catalonia. CHAPTER 3 The objective of the Academy is to create a Identity and mission of International place for the studystudy, reflection, dialogue Academy of Perinatal Medicine (IAPM). INTERNATIONAL and prpromotionomotion of PPerinatal Medicine, es- CHAPTER 4 pecially on those ississues related to bioethics, History of International Academy the appropriate appapplication of the techno- of Perinatal Medicine (IAPM): ACADEMY logical advances aand the sociologic and the foundation. huhumanisticmanistic ddimensionsimensi of the fi eld. CHAPTER 5 OF PERINATAL Furthermore, the AAcademy endeavours to Constitution of IAPM and By-Laws. constitute a friendshfriendship-based bond among ththee ththreeree scscientificientifi Societies that have CHAPTER 6 sponsored its foundfoundation. Basic Organization of the IAPM. MEDICINE In the same act oof the foundation, the CHAPTER 7 members of the BBoard of the Academy The International Council: were elected. Prof. Erich Saling (Germany) Regular Fellows of IAPM. (IAPM) was elected as President,Pre and Professors CHAPTER 8 Asim Kurjak (Croati(Croatia), Aris Antsaklis (Gree- Honorary Members ce), Frank ChervenaChervenak (USA) and H. -
The Ethical Formation of the Hippocratic Physician Joseph A
ABSTRACT The Hippocratics in Context: The Ethical Formation of the Hippocratic Physician Joseph A. Lloyd Director: Joseph A. DiLuzio, Ph.D. The Hippocratic Oath is widely known today as something that medical students say at their graduation ceremony as they are about to go out into the world and begin their practice of medicine. This long-standing tradition goes back centuries, and begs the question of why this is done? Who was Hippocrates, and what did he and the physicians he taught use the Hippocratic Oath for? In order to answer this question, one must have an understanding of several things about ancient Greece: the history of education in ancient Greece, communities of physicians contemporary with Hippocrates, the Hippocratic Corpus, and Hippocrates himself. In this thesis I provide this context in order to elucidate how the Hippocratic Oath was used in the education of Hippocratic physicians in fifth century BCE Greece. APPROVED BY DIRECTOR OF HONORS THESIS: ___________________________________________________ Dr. Joseph A. DiLuzio, Department of Classics APPROVED BY THE HONORS PROGRAM: ___________________________________________________ Dr. Elizabeth Corey, Director DATE: _________________________ THE HIPPOCRATICS IN CONTEXT: THE ETHICAL FORMATION OF THE HIPPOCRATIC PHYSICIAN A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Baylor University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Honors Program By Joseph A. Lloyd Waco, Texas August 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction iii Chapter One: Ancient Greek Medical Schools: Cyrene, Croton, Cnidus, and Rhodes 1 Chapter Two: The Hippocratic Medical School at Cos 20 Chapter Three: The Ethics of the Hippocratic Oath 32 Conclusion 47 Appendices 49 Appendix A: The Hippocratic Oath Bibliography 52 ii INTRODUCTION The age of modernity is an age of moral subjectivism; all but gone are the days of a belief in an objective moral truth, the Truth to which Socrates refers in Plato’s writings. -
Capturing Medical Tradition: Caelius Aurelianus' on Acute Diseases
Capturing Medical Tradition: Caelius Aurelianus’ On Acute Diseases Anna Dysert The translations of Caelius Aurelianus serve as an important histori - cal link in the transmission of Greek medical practice and thought through - out the later Roman Empire and Middle Ages. Notably, Caelius’ Latin translation Celerum vel Acutarum Passionum ,1 “On Swift or Acute Dis - eases,” from the work of Soranus of Ephesus, codifies many Methodist tenets and treatments for transmittance to the Latin-speaking West. As such, the historical text figures prominently into the tradition of medical de - velopment from the perspective of modern scholarship, particularly in con - sidering the transferal of Greek medical learning. In addition to this, the text self-consciously engages in the medical conversations of its time. Caelius’ consideration and refutation of other therapies and philosophies of disease provide clues as to how the Methodists defined themselves and their practice in light of contemporary sectarianism in medicine. Soranus of Ephesus, among the most famous physicians of the Methodist sect, practiced medicine during the time of Trajan and Hadrian, according to the Byzantine Suda. 2 Tradition holds that he was educated in Alexandria, which, as Vivian Nutton notes, would have been appropriate for 162 HIRUNDO 2007 a young man from Asia Minor and would indeed have accounted for his anatomical knowledge. 3 Soranus of Ephesus was arguably the third leading Methodist after Themison of Laodicea and Thessalus of Tralles. Themison first posited the theory of κοιυ óτητες, “ general states, ” or “communities” based on the principals of his Asclepiades, who taught that the body was composed of atoms moving through pores. -
On Sheldon Pollock's “NS Indology”
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Springer - Publisher Connector History in the Making: On Sheldon Pollock’s “NS Indology” and Vishwa Adluri’s “Pride and Prejudice” Reinhold Grünendahl Taking up a recent publication on the history of ‘German Indology’ is often like walking into a fast-food outlet: you have a basic idea of what you will be served, and to some this may be part of the attraction. With few exceptions, these preparations implicitly or explicitly follow the recipe of Sheldon Pollock’s “Deep Orientalism?” (1993), albeit with the increasing tendency to drop (metaphorically) the invertebrate question mark, as if Pollock’s amorphous presumptions had meanwhile coagu- lated into hard facts. When Pollock set out in 1988–89 to theorize ‘German Indology,’ it was his declared ambition to adapt the theoretical premises of Edward W. Said’s Orientalism (1978) in such a way that they could also be applied to “German Orientalism,” which Said had decided to ignore—a deplorable “lacuna” in the eyes of some (Adluri 2011: 253), in my view a necessary precaution to prevent his construct from disintegrating before he could complete it. Meanwhile, thanks to Robert Irwin (2006) and others, it has been thoroughly dismantled—a fact Said’s committed adherents may not have realized or choose to ignore. Pollock’s point of departure is the presumption that, contrary to Said’s notion of European ‘Orientalism,’ “as directed outward—toward the colonization and domination of Asia,…we might conceive of…[German Indology] as potentially directed inward—toward the colonization and domination of Europe itself” (1993: 77).1 International Journal of Hindu Studies 16, 2: 189–257 © The Author(s) 2012.