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Sterculiaceae De Paraguay. I. Ayenia, Byttneria, Guazuma, Helicteres

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Sterculiaceae De Paraguay. I. Ayenia, Byttneria, Guazuma, Helicteres BONPLANDIA 16(1-2): 5-142 2007 STERCULIACEAE DE PARAGUAY I AYENIA, BYTTNERIA, GUAZUMA, HELICTERES, MELOCHIA Y STERCULIA CARMEN L CRISTÓBAL1 Summary Cristóbal, C L 2007 Sterculiaceae of Paraguay I Ayenia, Byttneria, Guazuma, Helicteres, Melochia and Sterculia Bonplandia 16(1-2): 5-142 ISSN: 0524-0476 The taxonomic revision of the Sterculiaceae family in Paraguay is presented here, including 56 species and 4 varieties, a total of 59 taxa three of which are endemic They belong to 7 genera, the same that grow in Argentina, with a variable number of species, ranging from 1 like in Sterculia and Guazuma to 16 such as Byttneria and Melochia The family is distributed along all the area in very diverse habitats, like gallery forests, fertile lands, but also on calcarate, saltpetrous or sandy soils The habit is generally shrubby to sub-shrubby, rarely arborescent or climbing The plants are unarmed or spinose such in some Byttneria species The project to revise this family stimulated the attention in the field work As result was found Ayenia magna, member of the section Cybiostigma Its more southern area was Trinidad in the coast of Venezuela, and now it has been found at Cerro León, in the north of western Paraguay Another interesting finding is Ayenia spinulosa, which has been only known by the type specimen This species grows on calcarate soils of the Concepción department A generous amount of specimens make possible that this taxa can be represented in many herbaria of the world The Sterculiaceae flowers are always small, usually agglomerate at the leafs axils, and in many cases morphologically complex The petals are reddish or violet, rarely yellow like in Waltheria, or white In Melochia it can be longistyle, brevistyle or mesostyle The leaves are petiolate, estipulate, with stellate, single or glandular hairs The appearance of the plants and the indument are similar to many Malvaceae, due to which it is necessary to examine this family at the herbaria The anthers are dithecal and enlarged in Sterculiaceae, while in Malvaceae are monothecal and rounded The text includes the description, synonymy and illustration of each taxon, keys to distinguish each one and its geographic distribution represented on 11 maps The illustrations of some genera were taken from previous studies, but the Melochia drawing have been prepared for the present revision, which it is interesting because the author of the monograph do not included illustrations of each taxon Keywords: Paraguay, flora, Sterculiaceae, taxonomy Resumen Cristóbal, C L 2007 Sterculiaceae de Paraguay I Ayenia, Byttneria, Guazuma, Helicteres, Melochia y Sterculia Bonplandia 16(1-2): 5-142 ISSN: 0524-0476 Se presenta la revisión de la familia Sterculiaceae para Paraguay, que está representada por 56 especies y 4 variedades, o sea un total de 59 entidades, de las cuales 3 son endémicas Están repartidas en 7 géneros, los mismos que en la Argentina, con un número variable de especies, desde solamente una como en Sterculia y Guazuma, hasta 16 como en Byttneria y Melochia La familia habita en todo el territorio en ambientes muy diversos, bosques en galería, campos de tierra fértil, también calcáreos, salitrosos o arenosos El porte es general- 1 Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (UNNE-CONICET), Casilla de Correo 209, 3400 Corrientes, Argentina 5 BONPLANDIA 16(1-2) 2007 mente arbustivo o subarbustivo, raro arbóreo o lianas Las plantas son inermes o con aguijones como en especies de Byttneria El proyecto de revisar esta familia incentivó la atención en los viajes de recolección Como resultado se encontró Ayenia magna represen- tante de la sección Cybiostigma La localidad más austral conocida era Trinidad en la costa de Venezuela, y ahora fue encontrada en Cerro León, en el centro-norte de Paraguay Occidental Otro registro interesante es el de Ayenia spinulosa de la cual se conocía solamente el ejemplar elegido como Tipo Esta especie es propia de suelos calcáreos del Departamento Concepción Una generosa cantidad de duplicados hizo posible que esta especie esté ahora representada en muchos herbarios del mundo Las flores de las Sterculiaceae son siempre pequeñas, generalmente aglomeradas en las axilas de las hojas, a menudo son morfológicamente complejas Los pétalos son rojizos o violáceos, raro amarillos como en Waltheria, o blancos Las hojas son pecioladas, estipuladas, con pelos estrellados, también simples o glandulares En Melochia pueden ser longistilas, brevistilas o medioestilas El aspecto de las plantas y el indumento es bastante semejante al de muchas Malvaceae por esta razón es necesario revisar esta familia en los herbarios cuando se estudian las Sterculiaceae Hay que prestar atención a las anteras que son 2-3-tecas y alargadas en las Sterculiaceae y monotecas y redondeadas en las Malvaceae El texto incluye descripción, sinonimia, ilustración de cada taxón y claves para facilitar la identificación de cada uno de ellos, sus distribuciones están representadas en 11 mapas Las ilustraciones de algunos géneros fueron tomadas de trabajos de Cristóbal, pero las de Melochia fueron elaboradas para el presente trabajo, lo que consideramos interesante, por que el autor de la monografía no incluye figuras de cada taxón Palabras clave: Paraguay, flora, Sterculiaceae, taxonomía Introducción ñas, reunidas en cimas abreviadas axilares o terminales" Sépalos 5, con prefloración val- var, connados en la base o soldados" Pétalos 5 La revisión de la familia Sterculiaceae se ó nulos, planos o con una larga uña cuculada y realizó para el proyecto de la Flora del Para- adosada al tubo estaminal, en este caso lámina guay, por invitación del Conservatoire et del pétalo presente, más chica que la uña o Jardin Botaniques de Genève" Se cumplió en nula, simple o bífida" Androginóforo a veces tiempo y forma, pero lamentablemente los presente, corto o sobrepasando la corola" Es- planes de esa Institución cambiaron y el traba- tambres opositipétalos, 5-15, libres, soldados jo, como muchos otros, sufrió una indefinida en la base o formando un tubo, anteras 2-3- y larga espera" Por tal razón se decidió some- tecas, tecas paralelas o divergentes; estami- terlo a Bonplandia, luego de adaptar el texto a nodios 5, más o menos desarrollados o nulos" la normas de esa revista y previo aviso a Ovario 5-carpelar, raro 1-carpelar, súpero, Genève" carpelos 1-pluriovulados, placentación axilar" Estilos 1-5, libres o soldados" Estigmas agu- zados, capitados, penicilados o plumosos" Sterculiaceae Fruto cápsula o plurifolículo" Semillas lisas o rugosas" Árboles, arbustos o subarbustos, raro lia- Cerca de 70 géneros y 1100 especies distri- nas, pelos estrellados, simples y glandulares" buidas en regiones tropicales y subtropicales Hojas estipuladas, pecioladas o sésiles, alter- del globo; en Paraguay viven 7 géneros con nas, simples, a veces palmatisectas, serradas, un total de 56 especies más 4 variedades" Se crenadas, 3-5-lobadas o enteras" Flores per- registran tres endemismos: Ayenia spinulosa fectas o diclino-monoicas, homostilas o hete- R"E"Fr", Waltheria macrophylla Hassl" y rostilas, actinomorfas o zigomorfas, peque- Waltheria procumbens J"G" Saunders" 6 C L Cristóbal, Sterculiaceae de Paraguay I Clave de los géneros 1 Hojas 3-5-lobadas Pétalos nulos Plurifolículo leñoso Árbol 1 Sterculia L (pág 7) 1' Hojas enteras, serradas o crenadas Pétalos presentes Cápsula dehiscente o indehiscente Arbustos o subarbustos 2 Androginóforo superando a la corola Cáliz tubuloso Cápsula leñosa, cilíndrica, más de 2 cm long , polisperma, recta o espiralada 2 Helicteres L (pág 12) 2' Androginóforo nulo o más corto que la corola Sépalos brevemente adnatos en la base Cápsula esférica, subesférica o piramidal 3 Pétalos cuculados adosados al borde del tubo estaminal, divididos en uña y lámina morfológicamente muy diferenciadas Estaminodios 5 Estilo único 4 Árboles Lámina de los pétalos bifurcada Estambres 15, en haces 3 Guazuma Mill (pág 19) 4' Arbustos o subarbustos Lámina de los pétalos simple Estambres 5, aislados 5 Anteras ditecas Androginóforo nulo Lámina de los pétalos más o menos tres veces más larga que la uña, carnosa, de sección cilíndrica o aplanada Plantas generalmente con aguijones Hojas pecioladas o sésiles con 1 raro 3-5 nectarios sobre las venas basales en el envés 4 Byttneria Lofl (pág 24) 5' Anteras tritecas Androginóforo presente Lámina de los pétalos reducida, claviforme, glandular, púrpura, dispuesta en la cara externa de la capucha de la uña Plantas inermes Hojas pecioladas, pequeñas (hasta 4cm long ), sin nectario 5 Ayenia L (pág 62) 3' Pétalos planos, no adosados al borde del tubo estaminal sino a la base del mismo, espatulados, muy angostos en la base 6 Carpelos 5, estilos 5, estaminodios a veces presentes Pétalos amarillos, violáceos, raro blancos 6 Melochia L (pág 86) 6' Carpelos 1, estilo 1, lateral, estigma penicilado o plumoso, estaminodios ausentes Pétalos amarillos 7 Waltheria L (pág ) Sterculia L fugaces, generalmente sólo acompañando a los primordios foliares, epifilo glabro, pubes- Linné, C , Sp pl : 1007 1753 cente o glabrescente, hipofilo pubescente, pe- los estrellados, venación mayor y menor gene- Árboles de hasta cerca 40 m alt", ramas ralmente sobresaliente" Inflorescencias axila- robustas hasta el ápice donde se agrupan ho- res, paniculiformes, amplias, densas o laxas, jas e inflorescencias, hacia la base cicatri- ejes con pelos glandulares de base gruesa y cosas; ramas axilares con 1 o más profilos ápice agudo, a menudo rojos" Flores peque- caducos" Hojas grandes, pecioladas, simples, ñas, diclinas,
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