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Toxic Fungi of Western North America
Toxic Fungi of Western North America by Thomas J. Duffy, MD Published by MykoWeb (www.mykoweb.com) March, 2008 (Web) August, 2008 (PDF) 2 Toxic Fungi of Western North America Copyright © 2008 by Thomas J. Duffy & Michael G. Wood Toxic Fungi of Western North America 3 Contents Introductory Material ........................................................................................... 7 Dedication ............................................................................................................... 7 Preface .................................................................................................................... 7 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................. 7 An Introduction to Mushrooms & Mushroom Poisoning .............................. 9 Introduction and collection of specimens .............................................................. 9 General overview of mushroom poisonings ......................................................... 10 Ecology and general anatomy of fungi ................................................................ 11 Description and habitat of Amanita phalloides and Amanita ocreata .............. 14 History of Amanita ocreata and Amanita phalloides in the West ..................... 18 The classical history of Amanita phalloides and related species ....................... 20 Mushroom poisoning case registry ...................................................................... 21 “Look-Alike” mushrooms ..................................................................................... -
Mushrooms on Stamps
Mushrooms On Stamps Paul J. Brach Scientific Name Edibility Page(s) Amanita gemmata Poisonous 3 Amanita inaurata Not Recommended 4-5 Amanita muscaria v. formosa Poisonous (hallucenogenic) 6 Amanita pantherina Deadly Poisonous 7 Amanita phalloides Deadly Poisonous 8 Amanita rubescens Not Recommended 9-11 Amanita virosa Deadly Poisonous 12-14 Aleuria aurantiaca Edible 15 Sarcocypha coccinea Edible 16 Phlogiotis helvelloides Edible 17 Leccinum aurantiacum Good Edible 18 Boletus parasiticus Not Recommended 19 For this presentation I chose the species for Cantharellus cibarius Choice Edible 20 their occurrence in our 5 county region Cantharellus cinnabarinus Choice Edible 21 Coprinus atramentarius Poisonous 22 surrounding Rochester, NY. My intent is to Coprinus comatus Choice Edible 23 show our stamp collecting audience that an Coprinus disseminatus Edible 24 Clavulinopsis fusiformis Edible 25 artist's rendition of a fungi species depicted Leotia viscosa Harmless 26 on a stamp could be used akin to a Langermannia gigantea Choice Edible 27 Lycoperdon perlatum Good Edible 28-29 guidebook for the study of mushrooms. Entoloma murraii Not Recommended 30 Most pages depict a photograph and related Morchella esculenta Choice Edible 31-32 Russula rosacea Not Recommended (bitter) 33 stamp of the species, along with an edibility Laetiporus sulphureus Choice Edible 34 icon. Enjoy… but just the edible ones! Polyporus squamosus Edible 35 Choice/Good Edible Harmless Not Recommended Poisonous Deadly Poisonous 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Amanita rubescens (blusher) 9 10 -
Patterns of Ectomycorrhizal Host-Fungus Specificity in the Pacific Northwest
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Randolph John Molina for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Botany and Plant Pathology presented on December 17, 1980 Title: PATTERNS OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL HOST-FUNGUS SPECIFICITY IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Dr. James M. Trappe Results from approximately 400 fungus-host pure culture inoculations indicate that specificity of ectomycorrhizal associations is a complex phenomenon and cannot be based solely on field observations of sporocarp-host associations. Of the numerous sporocarp-host specific fungi tested, most formed ectomycorrhizae with one or more unexpected, non-associated hosts. These results conclusively demonstrate that ectomycorrhizal fungi which produce sporocarps only with a specific host species or genus can still form mycorrhizae with other "non-asso- ciated" hosts. The ability to form ectomycorrhizae with various hosts is termed "ectomycorrhizal host potential". Some fungi, however, showed superior mycorrhizal development on their particular hosts over other non-associated hosts, indicating further specialization in those associations. A large group of fungi known for diverse sporocarp-host associa- tions showed wide ectomycorrhizal host potential by forming abundant, well developed ectomycorrhizae with all or most hosts. It's suggested that these fungi may share similar compatibility or recognition factors common to many ectomycorrhizal hosts thus allowing for diverse host associations. A spectrum from mycorrhizal generalists to specialists was seen among the hosts in their ability to form mycorrhizae with diverse fungi. The ericaceous hosts Arctostaphylos uva-ursi and Arbutus menziesii were broadly receptive towards the fungi, forming mycorrhizae with 25 of the 28 tested. This included most of the fungi which produce sporocarps only in association with specific conifers. -
Mycological Society of San Francisco
Mycological Society of San Francisco Fungus Fair!! 4-5 December 2004 Mycological Contact MSSF Join MSSF About MSSF Society of Event Calendar Meetings San Mycena News Fungus Fairs Cookbook Francisco Recipes Photos History Introduction Other Activities Welcome to the home page of the Mycological Society of San Francisco, North America's largest local amateur mycological Web Sites association. This page was created by and is maintained by Michael Members Only! Wood, publisher of MykoWeb. MykoWeb The Mycological Society of San Francisco is a non-profit corporation Search formed in 1950 to promote the study and exchange of information about mushrooms. Copyright © Most of our members are amateurs who are interested in mushrooms 1995-2004 by for a variety of reasons: cooking, cultivating, experiencing the Michael Wood and out-of-doors, and learning to properly identify mushrooms. Other the MSSF members are professional mycologists who participate in our activities and may serve as teachers or advisors. Dr. Dennis E. Desjardin is the scientific advisor for the Mycological Society of San Francisco. He is professor of biology at San Francisco State University and director of the Harry D. Thiers Herbarium. Dr. Desjardin was the recipient of the Alexopoulos Prize for outstanding research and the W. H. Weston Award for Excellence in Teaching from the Mycological Society of America. Our active membership extends throughout the San Francisco Bay Area and into many other communities in Northern California and beyond. To join the MSSF, please see the membership page. To renew your MSSF membership, see the renewal page. For information on how to http://www.mssf.org/ (1 of 2) [5/17/2004 12:11:22 PM] Mycological Society of San Francisco contact the MSSF, please visit our contact page. -
Catalogue of Fungus Fair
Oakland Museum, 6-7 December 2003 Mycological Society of San Francisco Catalogue of Fungus Fair Introduction ......................................................................................................................2 History ..............................................................................................................................3 Statistics ...........................................................................................................................4 Total collections (excluding "sp.") Numbers of species by multiplicity of collections (excluding "sp.") Numbers of taxa by genus (excluding "sp.") Common names ................................................................................................................6 New names or names not recently recorded .................................................................7 Numbers of field labels from tables Species found - listed by name .......................................................................................8 Species found - listed by multiplicity on forays ..........................................................13 Forays ranked by numbers of species .........................................................................16 Larger forays ranked by proportion of unique species ...............................................17 Species found - by county and by foray ......................................................................18 Field and Display Label examples ................................................................................27 -
Field Key to the Boletes of California
Field Key to the Boletes of California Key to the Genera of Boletes 1. Tubes typically disoriented and irregularly arranged; spore deposit not obtainable ........ Gastroboletus 1. Tubes more or less vertically oriented and orderly arranged; spore deposit usually readily obtainable ...................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2. Basidiocarps small (4‐7 cm); tubes white when young, becoming bright yellow at maturity; spore deposit yellow; stipe typically hollow in the basal portion with age ...................................... ........................................................................................................................ Gyroporus castaneus 2. Basidiocarps typically larger; tubes yellow when young, or if white at first, then not bright yellow with age; spore deposit olivaceous to brown to reddish brown or flesh or vinaceous color; stipe usually not hollow ........................................................................................................ 3 3. Basidiocarp with a conspicuous, cottony, bright yellow veil (be sure to check young specimens) .......... ................................................................................................................................ Pulveroboletus ravenelii 3. Basidiocarps lacking such a veil ............................................................................................................... 4 4. Spore deposit flesh -
Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin Name Comment Habitat Edibility
Mushrooms of Southwestern BC Latin name Comment Habitat Edibility L S 13 12 11 10 9 8 6 5 4 3 90 Abortiporus biennis Blushing rosette On ground from buried hardwood Unknown O06 O V Agaricus albolutescens Amber-staining Agaricus On ground in woods Choice, disagrees with some D06 N N Agaricus arvensis Horse mushroom In grassy places Choice, disagrees with some D06 N F FV V FV V V N Agaricus augustus The prince Under trees in disturbed soil Choice, disagrees with some D06 N V FV FV FV FV V V V FV N Agaricus bernardii Salt-loving Agaricus In sandy soil often near beaches Choice D06 N Agaricus bisporus Button mushroom, was A. brunnescens Cultivated, and as escapee Edible D06 N F N Agaricus bitorquis Sidewalk mushroom In hard packed, disturbed soil Edible D06 N F N Agaricus brunnescens (old name) now A. bisporus D06 F N Agaricus campestris Meadow mushroom In meadows, pastures Choice D06 N V FV F V F FV N Agaricus comtulus Small slender agaricus In grassy places Not recommended D06 N V FV N Agaricus diminutivus group Diminutive agariicus, many similar species On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus dulcidulus Diminutive agaric, in diminitivus group On humus in woods Similar to poisonous species D06 O V V Agaricus hondensis Felt-ringed agaricus In needle duff and among twigs Poisonous to many D06 N V V F N Agaricus integer In grassy places often with moss Edible D06 N V Agaricus meleagris (old name) now A moelleri or A. -
Wild Mushrooms Can Kill, California Health Officer Warns Page 1 of 2
Wild Mushrooms Can Kill, California Health Officer Warns Page 1 of 2 Food Safety News - Breaking News for Everyone's Consumption Search Wild Mushrooms Can Kill, California Health Officer Warns by News Desk | Nov 26, 2011 Wild, edible mushrooms are a delectable treat but California issued a warning earlier this week to people who forage for them. Mistakes in wild mushroom identification can result in serious illness and even death, cautions Dr. Ron Chapman, director of the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and State Public Health Officer. "It is very difficult to distinguish which mushrooms are dangerous and which are safe to eat. Therefore, we recommend that wild mushrooms not be eaten unless they have been carefully examined and determined to be edible by a mushroom expert," Chapman said. Wild mushroom poisoning continues to cause disease, hospitalization and death among California residents. According to the California Poison Control System (CPCS), 1,748 cases of mushroom ingestion were reported statewide in 2009-2010. Among those cases: - Two people died. - Ten people suffered a major health outcome, such as liver failure leading to coma and/or a liver transplant, or kidney failure requiring dialysis. - 964 were children under six years of age. These incidents usually involved the child's eating a small amount of a mushroom growing in yards or neighborhood parks. - 948 individuals were treated at a health care facility. • 19 were admitted to an intensive care unit. The most serious illnesses and deaths have been linked primarily to mushrooms known to cause liver damage, including Amanita ocreata, or "destroying angel," and Amanita phalloides, also known as the "death cap," according to the California health department's warning. -
The Ecology of the Macrofungi
THE ECOLOGY OF THE MACROFUNGI AT THE LANPHERE-CHRISTENSEN DUNES PRESERVE, ARCATA, CALIFORNIA by Sue Sweet Van Hook A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts December, 1985 THE ECOLOGY OF THE MACROFUNGI AT THE LANPHERE-CHRISTENSEN DUNES PRESERVE ARCATA, CALIFORNIA by Sue Sweet Van Hook We certify that we have read this study and that it conforms to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Arts. Major Professor V 1 Y Approved by the Graduate Dean Acknowledgements I wish to thank Dr. David L. Largent, my major professor and mentor, for years of excellent guidance and encouragement in the field of mycology; the members of my graduate committee, Drs. Dennis Anderson, Francis Meredith, and Richard Hurley, for their critical review of the thesis; mycologists, Dr. Orson K. Miller, Dr. Joseph F. Ammirati, and Dr. Harry D. Theirs, for their verification of species identifications; Hortense M. Lanphere for the background material on the fungi at the preserve and for her supportive correspondence; Marjorie Moore for data entry and graphics; The Nature Conservancy, for permitting the study at the Lanphere-Cristensen Dunes Preserve; and my family for their labor, love and patience. Table of Contents Page I. Introduction A. Literature review 1 B. Objectives 5 II. The Study Area A. Location 6 B. Geology 6 C. Climate 8 D. Plant Communities 9 III. Methods and Materials A. Areas studied 10 B. Plots within areas 16 C. -
Expansion and Diversification of the MSDIN Family of Cyclic Peptide Genes in the Poisonous Agarics Amanita Phalloides and A
Pulman et al. BMC Genomics (2016) 17:1038 DOI 10.1186/s12864-016-3378-7 RESEARCHARTICLE Open Access Expansion and diversification of the MSDIN family of cyclic peptide genes in the poisonous agarics Amanita phalloides and A. bisporigera Jane A. Pulman1,2, Kevin L. Childs1,2, R. Michael Sgambelluri3,4 and Jonathan D. Walton1,4* Abstract Background: The cyclic peptide toxins of Amanita mushrooms, such as α-amanitin and phalloidin, are encoded by the “MSDIN” gene family and ribosomally biosynthesized. Based on partial genome sequence and PCR analysis, some members of the MSDIN family were previously identified in Amanita bisporigera, and several other members are known from other species of Amanita. However, the complete complement in any one species, and hence the genetic capacity for these fungi to make cyclic peptides, remains unknown. Results: Draft genome sequences of two cyclic peptide-producing mushrooms, the “Death Cap” A. phalloides and the “Destroying Angel” A. bisporigera, were obtained. Each species has ~30 MSDIN genes, most of which are predicted to encode unknown cyclic peptides. Some MSDIN genes were duplicated in one or the other species, but only three were common to both species. A gene encoding cycloamanide B, a previously described nontoxic cyclic heptapeptide, was also present in A. phalloides, but genes for antamanide and cycloamanides A, C, and D were not. In A. bisporigera, RNA expression was observed for 20 of the MSDIN family members. Based on their predicted sequences, novel cyclic peptides were searched for by LC/MS/MS in extracts of A. phalloides. The presence of two cyclic peptides, named cycloamanides E and F with structures cyclo(SFFFPVP) and cyclo(IVGILGLP), was thereby demonstrated. -
MUSHROOM CAMP IS HERE! SOMA’S Annual Wild Mushroom Camp Is Upon Us
SOMA VOLUME 24 : 5 JANUARY 2012 MUSHROOM CAMP IS HERE! SOMA’s annual Wild Mushroom Camp is upon us. REGISTRATION IS FULL Dr. Andrew Weil is presenting on Saturday night. Camp check-in begins at 9am on the 14th with classes commencing at 10am. Check your info packet for directions and the official schedule. See you at camp! INSIDE THIS ISSUE CALENDAR PRESIDENT’S LETTER ............................................................p2 January 14-16th ––––––––––––––––––– SOMA Mushroom Camp SALT POINT SOMA FORAY REPORT & SPECIES LIST .......p3 January 21st –––––––––––––––––––– Foray at Salt Point State Park February 1st –––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Board Meeting NEWS OF INTEREST ...............................................................p3 February 16th –––––––––––––––– Speaker at Farm Bureau at 7pm WHAT’S STIRRING IN THE DYE POT? .................................p4 David Pilz OREGON COAST REPORT .....................................................p5 February 18th –––––––––––––––––– Foray at Salt Point State Park LEGAL STATUS OF PSILOCYBIN AND PSILOCIN March 7th ––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––Board Meeting CONTAINING FUNGI ..........................................................p6-7 LIMERICKS BY CHARMOON EMERGENCY MUSHROOM POISONING ID I once knew a picker named Ben After seeking medical attention, contact He only liked to pick when Darvin DeShazer for identification at (707) It was dark, late at night 829-0596. Photos should be emailed to: He’d hunt by flashlight [email protected] and need to show all There were no rivals there then sides of the mushroom. Please do not send photos taken with cell phones – the resolution is simply too poor to allow I once knew a picker named Sue accurate identification. NOTE: Always be 100% sure of the She really didn’t have a clue identification of any and all mushrooms before you eat them! She’d leave trimmings around All over the ground This is a free service for hospitals, veterinarians, and other You could always tell she’d been through concerned citizens of Sonoma County. -
Common Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northeast
Common Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northeast C. Leonard Fergus and Charles Fergus SfACKPOLE BOOKS , Copyright Cl 2003 by Charles Fergus Published by SfACKPOLE B<X>KS 5067 Ritter Rood Mechanicsburg. PA 17055 www.stackpolebooks.com All rights resen'Cd, including the right to reproduce this book or portions thereof in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photoropyinSt recordinSt or by any informati on storage and ret ri eval system, without permiSSion in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to Stackpole Books, 5067 Ritter Road, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055. Printed in the U.SA 1098765 4 321 Fi rst ed.ition Cover desigu by Wendy ReYllolds Cover pllotos by Charles F~us library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publicalion Data Fergus, Charles L Common edible and poisonous mushrooms of the northeast / C. Leonard Fergus and Charles Fergus.-lst cd. ~crn . Includes bibliographical references (p. ). ISBN 0-81 17-2641·X 1. Mushrooms. Edible-Northeastern States-Identification. 2. Mushrooms. Poisonous-Northeastern States-Identification. 3. Mushrooms, Edible-Northeastern States-Pictorial works. 4. Mushrooms. Poisonous-Northeastern States-Pictorial works. I. Fergus. Charles. II . TItle QK617 .F47 2003 579.6'0974-dc21 The humblest fungus betrays a life akin to our own. It is a successful poem in its kind. Henry DavidThoreau October 10, 1858 Contents Introduction 1 Important Parts of Mushrooms 7 Some Common Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the Northeast 11 Identification Key 15 Gilled Fungi 17 Boletes 49 Polypores 57 Toothed Fungi 63 Coral Fungi 67 Club and Funnel Fungi 69 Sponge and Saddle Fungi 71 Puffballs 75 Destroying Angel n Mushrooms by Month of First Appearance 83 Referetlces 87 Ack/lowledglllcI,ts 89 v Introduction My father, C.