DOCSLIB.ORG

Nietzsche, Debussy, and the Shadow of Wagner

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Nietzsche, Debussy, and the Shadow of Wagner NIETZSCHE, DEBUSSY, AND THE SHADOW OF WAGNER A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Tekla B. Babyak May 2014 ©2014 Tekla B. Babyak ii ABSTRACT NIETZSCHE, DEBUSSY, AND THE SHADOW OF WAGNER Tekla B. Babyak, Ph.D. Cornell University 2014 Debussy was an ardent nationalist who sought to purge all German (especially Wagnerian) stylistic features from his music. He claimed that he wanted his music to express his French identity. Much of his music, however, is saturated with markers of exoticism. My dissertation explores the relationship between his interest in musical exoticism and his anti-Wagnerian nationalism. I argue that he used exotic markers as a nationalistic reaction against Wagner. He perceived these markers as symbols of French identity. By the time that he started writing exotic music, in the 1890’s, exoticism was a deeply entrenched tradition in French musical culture. Many 19th-century French composers, including Felicien David, Bizet, Massenet, and Saint-Saëns, founded this tradition of musical exoticism and established a lexicon of exotic markers, such as modality, static harmonies, descending chromatic lines and pentatonicism. Through incorporating these markers into his musical style, Debussy gives his music a French nationalistic stamp. I argue that the German philosopher Nietzsche shaped Debussy’s nationalistic attitude toward musical exoticism. In 1888, Nietzsche asserted that Bizet’s musical exoticism was an effective antidote to Wagner. Nietzsche wrote that music should be “Mediterranized,” a dictum that became extremely famous in fin-de-siècle France. Nietzsche’s influence on fin-de-siecle musical culture has not been examined in current secondary literature on French music. In my dissertation, I show that Nietzsche’s dictum was widely discussed in the French press between 1893 and 1920. In periodicals from that time period, music critics such as Louis Laloy and Lionel de la Lawrencie contend that many French composers are following Nietzsche’s dictum by writing exotic music. I aim to show that Debussy was one of the composers who followed this dictum. Influenced by Nietzsche’s anti-Wagnerian view of exoticism, Debussy employed exotic markers as a nationalistic strategy of resistance against Wagner. In making this argument, my dissertation brings together three strands of Debussy’s musical thought: nationalism, exoticism and anti-Wagnerism. Each of these strands has received previous scholarly attention, but scholars have not examined the links between them. My project demonstrates that Nietzsche gave Debussy the tools to combine these three strands in his compositions. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Tekla Babyak was born in Arcata, CA in 1981. She received generous funding for her undergraduate studies at UC Davis (BA, Music, 2003) from the National Merit Scholarship Program and a UC Regents scholarship, and was awarded the UCD Mayhew award at her commencement in 2003. Her graduate work at Cornell was funded by the Mellon Foundation fellowship, the Jacob K. Javits fellowship and the Cornell Sage fellowship. Her research interests include nationalism and exoticism in fin-de-siècle French musical culture and the French reception of Wagner. She is also interested in representations of music in literature and philosophy, particularly the works of Adorno, Nietzsche, and Kundera. In addition to her scholarly work on music, she is an accomplished pianist who has performed many of Debussy’s works in concert. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am extremely grateful to my committee. My three committee members have shaped my intellectual life throughout the course of this project. Judith Peraino, the chair of my committee, has helped me enormously with the craft of writing. She has shown me how to unify and structure a large-scale argument. She has taught me techniques for developing my main points and building toward a convincing conclusion. She expertly guided me through the process of unfolding my argument, advising me to introduce my main points through a series of questions. Influenced by her useful suggestions, I structured my introduction around one of Debussy’s works, Soirée dans Grenade, which I use as a vehicle for presenting my main points. Annette Richards has given me an invaluable gift as well: she has taught me how to bring the past to life in all its glorious complexity. She has urged me to avoid sweeping generalizations about historical trends, such as Nietzsche’s influence on French culture and the anti-Wagnerian movement in France. She has shown me the importance of engaging with all the nuances and contradictory strands inherent in each historical moment. Under her guidance, I have learned to listen to what the archives are telling me. Following her advice, I did extensive archival research, focusing on fin-de-siècle French periodicals. By opening my ears to the voices that iv speak through these periodicals, I discovered Nietzsche’s profound influence upon French musical culture. While Annette was teaching me how to listen meaningfully to the “archival voices,” David Rosen was teaching me how to listen meaningfully to the music itself. He has generously shared with me his expertise as a music theorist and analyst. Thanks to his help, I developed the necessary skills to analyze and codify the French musical vocabulary of exoticism. He has invested a great deal of time and energy in working through my analyses with me. For instance, he helped me to distinguish between structurally significant harmonies and decorative passing chords. He has taken the time to study all the musical works that I discuss and to develop his own insights into these works. I have benefited immeasurably from his insights, because he has modeled for me the process of analyzing a work and observing its significant features. In addition to helping me with my academic work, my committee members have also offered me something equally important: friendship and support. I would like to thank them for giving me the opportunity to get to know each of them so well. I am grateful that they have let me into their lives in this way. I have many happy memories of meeting with Judith at local cafes and restaurants, discussing an array of topics, including the job market, pedagogical strategies for teaching undergraduate classes, and important issues in critical theory (we share an interest in interdisciplinary work). I will always treasure my memories of having dinner with Annette and her husband David Yearsley. The convivial atmosphere and stimulating conversation v helped energize me for my dissertation work. Our conversations were wide- ranging; Annette and David shared witty anecdotes from their own graduate school days, we discussed our interests and collections, and we had intense discussions about philosophy. I was extremely fortunate to have the opportunity to TA for Annette in two music history courses. She was an incredibly helpful and supportive mentor. She gave me a thorough foundation in many important components of undergraduate teaching: writing lesson plans, leading class discussion, grading papers, designing assignments, and delivering clear, focused lectures. She shared with me her expert techniques for performing these duties, and she walked me through the steps for carrying out these duties myself. Her generous feedback helped me grasp the key points, as well as many subtle details, of undergraduate pedagogy. I am also extremely grateful for my wonderful friendship with David Rosen. He and I took many walks around Ithaca, when the temperamental weather conditions allowed us to do so. Exploring the majestic Ithaca gorges, he and I debated about topics in music theory and musicology. It was like a scene from a 19th-century nature poem: we soaked in the beautiful countryside scenery as we pondered intellectual matters. David and I also met frequently for coffee on days when the snow and ice prevented us from hiking. We even traveled to conferences together on two occasions (chapter meetings of the AMS), during which we both presented papers. His friendship, kindness and humor strongly enhanced the conference experience for me. vi While at Cornell, I took graduate seminars on a wide variety of topics, in many different departments. Many of these seminars informed my dissertation, with respect to my metholodogy and ideas. I greatly benefited from Geoffrey Waite’s seminar on Nietzsche. His insights into Nietzsche’s thought allowed me to grasp more fully Nietzsche’s anti-Wagnerian musical aesthetics. Michael Steinberg’s opera seminar was another formative influence; in that course, we studied Wagner’s opera Parsifal, Debussy’s opera Pelleas et Melisande, and Nietzsche’s Case of Wagner, as well as many other operas and texts. I had the opportunity to give a seminar presentation on some of my ideas about Nietzsche and this helped me think through the relationships between Debussy, Nietzsche, and Wagner. With regard to my music analysis skills, I am grateful for my work with Kristin Taavola, James Webster, and David Rosen. I took a seminar with Kristin Taavola on French music, in which we examined some of the distinctive features of early 20th-century French works. Our work in this seminar helped me to develop a toolkit of French musical features, which ultimately led to my understanding of the French exotic lexicon. I did an independent study project with James Webster, focusing on Bach’s harmonization of modal chorale melodies. Although Debussy and Bach have a very different approach to modality, the project nonetheless informed my work on Debussy, sharpening my understanding of how composers incorporate modality into a tonal framework. I am extremely grateful to David Rosen for his seminars on the operas of Puccini and Britten. In those seminars, I acquired tools for analyzing the relationship between music and text in opera. Those tools have proven very useful in my analyses of French exotic opera.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Jeudi 3 Juin 2021
    ALDE jeudi 3 juin 2021 Musiques Archives et collection Jacques et Dominique Chailley 113 Expert François Roulmann 12 rue Beautreillis 75004 Paris 01 71 60 88 67 - 06 60 62 98 03 [email protected] Exposition à la Librairie Giraud-Badin à partir du lundi 19 avril de 9 h à 13 h et de 14 h à 18 h Sommaire À divers, en ordre chronologique de parution, de 1650 à 1978. nos 1 à 84 Archives Jacques Chailley. Collection musicale enrichie par son fils. nos 85 à 94 Collection musicale Jacques Chailley enrichie par son fils. Partitions et livres de théorie et d’histoire musicale avant 1800. nos 95 à 111 Motets, cantates, Noëls, airs, poësies et chansons... nos 112 à 125 Ouvrages et partitions romantiques, documentation jusqu’en 1914. nos 126 à 140 Partitions modernes, souvent dédicacées à Jacques Chailley. nos 141 à 162 Conditions de vente consultables sur www.alde.fr Honoraires de vente : 25% TTC En couverture : Lot n°12 et lot n°91. ALDE Maison de ventes spécialisée Livres - Autographes - Monnaies Musiques Archives et collection Jacques et Dominique Chailley 113 Vente aux enchères publiques Expert François Roulmann Jeudi 3 juin 2021 à 14 h 12 rue Beautreillis 75004 Paris 01 71 60 88 67 - 06 60 62 98 03 [email protected] Librairie Giraud-Badin 22, rue Guynemer 75006 Paris Tél. 01 45 48 30 58 Exposition à la Librairie Giraud-Badin à partir du lundi 19 avril de 9 h à 13 h et de 14 h à 18 h Commissaire-Priseur Sommaire Jérôme Delcamp À divers, en ordre chronologique de parution, de 1650 à 1978.
    [Show full text]
  • Liner Notes (PDF)
    Debussy’s Traces Gaillard • Horszowski • Debussy Marik • Fourneau 1904 – 1983 Debussy’s Traces: Marius François Gaillard, CD II: Marik, Ranck, Horszowski, Garden, Debussy, Fourneau 1. Preludes, Book I: La Cathédrale engloutie 4:55 2. Preludes, Book I: Minstrels 1:57 CD I: 3. Preludes, Book II: La puerta del Vino 3:10 Marius-François Gaillard: 4. Preludes, Book II: Général Lavine 2:13 1. Valse Romantique 3:30 5. Preludes, Book II: Ondine 3:03 2. Arabesque no. 1 3:00 6. Preludes, Book II Homage à S. Pickwick, Esq. 2:39 3. Arabesque no. 2 2:34 7. Estampes: Pagodes 3:56 4. Ballade 5:20 8. Estampes: La soirée dans Grenade 4:49 5. Mazurka 2:52 Irén Marik: 6. Suite Bergamasque: Prélude 3:31 9. Preludes, Book I: Des pas sur la neige 3:10 7. Suite Bergamasque: Menuet 4:53 10. Preludes, Book II: Les fées sont d’exquises danseuses 8. Suite Bergamasque: Clair de lune 4:07 3:03 9. Pour le Piano: Prélude 3:47 Mieczysław Horszowski: Childrens Corner Suite: 10. Pour le Piano: Sarabande 5:08 11. Doctor Gradus ad Parnassum 2:48 11. Pour le Piano: Toccata 3:53 12. Jimbo’s lullaby 3:16 12. Masques 5:15 13 Serenade of the Doll 2:52 13. Estampes: Pagodes 3:49 14. The snow is dancing 3:01 14. Estampes: La soirée dans Grenade 3:53 15. The little Shepherd 2:16 15. Estampes: Jardins sous la pluie 3:27 16. Golliwog’s Cake walk 3:07 16. Images, Book I: Reflets dans l’eau 4:01 Mary Garden & Claude Debussy: Ariettes oubliées: 17.
    [Show full text]
  • Sounding Nostalgia in Post-World War I Paris
    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2019 Sounding Nostalgia In Post-World War I Paris Tristan Paré-Morin University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Recommended Citation Paré-Morin, Tristan, "Sounding Nostalgia In Post-World War I Paris" (2019). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3399. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3399 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3399 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sounding Nostalgia In Post-World War I Paris Abstract In the years that immediately followed the Armistice of November 11, 1918, Paris was at a turning point in its history: the aftermath of the Great War overlapped with the early stages of what is commonly perceived as a decade of rejuvenation. This transitional period was marked by tension between the preservation (and reconstruction) of a certain prewar heritage and the negation of that heritage through a series of social and cultural innovations. In this dissertation, I examine the intricate role that nostalgia played across various conflicting experiences of sound and music in the cultural institutions and popular media of the city of Paris during that transition to peace, around 1919-1920. I show how artists understood nostalgia as an affective concept and how they employed it as a creative resource that served multiple personal, social, cultural, and national functions. Rather than using the term “nostalgia” as a mere diagnosis of temporal longing, I revert to the capricious definitions of the early twentieth century in order to propose a notion of nostalgia as a set of interconnected forms of longing.
    [Show full text]
  • Paris, 1918-45
    un :al Chapter II a nd or Paris , 1918-45 ,-e ed MARK D EVOTO l.S. as es. 21 March 1918 was the first day of spring. T o celebrate it, the German he army, hoping to break a stalemate that had lasted more than three tat years, attacked along the western front in Flanders, pushing back the nv allied armies within a few days to a point where Paris was within reach an oflong-range cannon. When Claude Debussy, who died on 25 M arch, was buried three days later in the Pere-Laehaise Cemetery in Paris, nobody lingered for eulogies. The critic Louis Laloy wrote some years later: B. Th<' sky was overcast. There was a rumbling in the distance. \Vas it a storm, the explosion of a shell, or the guns atrhe front? Along the wide avenues the only traffic consisted of militarr trucks; people on the pavements pressed ahead hurriedly ... The shopkeepers questioned each other at their doors and glanced at the streamers on the wreaths. 'II parait que c'ctait un musicicn,' they said. 1 Fortified by the surrender of the Russians on the eastern front, the spring offensive of 1918 in France was the last and most desperate gamble of the German empire-and it almost succeeded. But its failure was decisive by late summer, and the greatest war in history was over by November, leaving in its wake a continent transformed by social lb\ convulsion, economic ruin and a devastation of human spirit. The four-year struggle had exhausted not only armies but whole civiliza­ tions.
    [Show full text]
  • Samson Et Dalila De Camille Saint-Saëns
    DOSSIER PÉDAGOGIQUE SAMSON © Christian Legay - Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole de Metz - Opéra-Théâtre © Christian Legay ET DALILA DE CAMILLE SAINT-SAËNS CONTACTS ACTION CULTURELLE Marjorie Piquette / 01 69 53 62 16 / [email protected] Eugénie Boivin / 01 69 53 62 26 / [email protected] 1 SAMSON ET DALILA DE CAMILLE SAINT-SAËNS répétition générale : mercredi 7 novembre 2018 à 20h30 vendredi 9 novembre 2018 à 20h dimanche 11 novembre 2018 à 16h OPÉRA EN 3 ACTES ET 4 TABLEAUX Livret en français de Ferdinand Lemaire d’après la Bible (Juges 16, 4-30). Création au Théâtre de la Cour grand-ducale de Weimar, le 2 décembre 1877 grâce à Liszt et représenté à Paris en 1892. Direction Musicale David Reiland Mise en Scène Paul-Emile Fourny Assisté de Sylvie Laligne Décors Marco Japelj Costumes Brice Lourenço Lumières Patrice Willaume Chorégraphie Laurence Bolsigner-May Chef de Chant Nathalie Dang Chef de Chœur Nathalie Marmeuse Avec Samson Jean-Pierre Furlan Dalila Vikena Kamenica Le Grand Prêtre Alexandre Duhamel Abimélech Patrick Bolleire Un Vieillard Hébreu Wojtek Smilek Un Messager Daegweon Choi Le 1er Philistin Eric Mathurin Le 2e Philistin Jean-Sébastien Frantz Orchestre national d’Île-de-France Chœur de l’Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole Chœurs Supplémentaires de l’Opéra de Massy Ballet de l’Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole Production de l’Opéra-Théâtre de Metz Métropole En coproduction avec l’Opéra de Massy et le SNG-Opéra et Ballet National de Slovénie à Maribor ALLER PLUS LOIN : CONFÉRENCE CONFÉRENCE AUTOUR DE SAMSON ET DALILA : MARDI 6 NOVEMBRE À 19H Par Barbara Nestola, musicologue Entrée gratuite sur réservations au 01 60 13 13 13 (à partir du 23/10) 2 LE COMPOSITEUR On a pris la fâcheuse habitude de croire que, là où il y a des sons musicaux, il y a nécessairement de la musique.
    [Show full text]
  • Claude Debussy in 2018: a Centenary Celebration Abstracts and Biographies
    19-23/03/18 CLAUDE DEBUSSY IN 2018: A CENTENARY CELEBRATION ABSTRACTS AND BIOGRAPHIES Claude Debussy in 2018: A Centenary Celebration Abstracts and Biographies I. Debussy Perspectives, 1918-2018 RNCM, Manchester Monday, 19 March Paper session A: Debussy’s Style in History, Conference Room, 2.00-5.00 Chair: Marianne Wheeldon 2.00-2.30 – Mark DeVoto (Tufts University), ‘Debussy’s Evolving Style and Technique in Rodrigue et Chimène’ Claude Debussy’s Rodrigue et Chimène, on which he worked for two years in 1891-92 before abandoning it, is the most extensive of more than a dozen unfinished operatic projects that occupied him during his lifetime. It can also be regarded as a Franco-Wagnerian opera in the same tradition as Lalo’s Le Roi d’Ys (1888), Chabrier’s Gwendoline (1886), d’Indy’s Fervaal (1895), and Chausson’s Le Roi Arthus (1895), representing part of the absorption of the younger generation of French composers in Wagner’s operatic ideals, harmonic idiom, and quasi-medieval myth; yet this kinship, more than the weaknesses of Catulle Mendès’s libretto, may be the real reason that Debussy cast Rodrigue aside, recognising it as a necessary exercise to be discarded before he could find his own operatic voice (as he soon did in Pelléas et Mélisande, beginning in 1893). The sketches for Rodrigue et Chimène shed considerable light on the evolution of Debussy’s technique in dramatic construction as well as his idiosyncratic approach to tonal form. Even in its unfinished state — comprising three out of a projected four acts — the opera represents an impressive transitional stage between the Fantaisie for piano and orchestra (1890) and the full emergence of his genius, beginning with the String Quartet (1893) and the Prélude à l’Après-midi d’un faune (1894).
    [Show full text]
  • Ernest Guiraud: a Biography and Catalogue of Works
    Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1990 Ernest Guiraud: A Biography and Catalogue of Works. Daniel O. Weilbaecher Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Weilbaecher, Daniel O., "Ernest Guiraud: A Biography and Catalogue of Works." (1990). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 4959. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/4959 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps.
    [Show full text]
  • The Worlds of Rigoletto: Verdiâ•Žs Development of the Title Role in Rigoletto
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2008 The Worlds of Rigoletto Verdi's Development of the Title Role in Rigoletto Mark D. Walters Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC THE WORLDS OF RIGOLETTO VERDI’S DEVELOPMENT OF THE TITLE ROLE IN RIGOLETTO By MARK D. WALTERS A Treatise submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Music Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2008 The members of the Committee approve the Treatise of Mark D. Walters defended on September 25, 2007. Douglas Fisher Professor Directing Treatise Svetla Slaveva-Griffin Outside Committee Member Stanford Olsen Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii I would like to dedicate this treatise to my parents, Dennis and Ruth Ann Walters, who have continually supported me throughout my academic and performing careers. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Professor Douglas Fisher, who guided me through the development of this treatise. As I was working on this project, I found that I needed to raise my levels of score analysis and analytical thinking. Without Professor Fisher’s patience and guidance this would have been very difficult. I would like to convey my appreciation to Professor Stanford Olsen, whose intuitive understanding of musical style at the highest levels and ability to communicate that understanding has been a major factor in elevating my own abilities as a teacher and as a performer.
    [Show full text]
  • Boston Symphony Orchestra Concert Programs, Season 56,1936-1937, Subscription Series
    SYMPHONY HALL, BOSTON HUNTINGTON AND MASSACHUSETTS AVENUES Branch Exchange Telephone, Ticket and Administration Offices, Com. 1492 FIFTY-SIXTH SEASON, 1936-1937 CONCERT BULLETIN of the Boston Symphony Orchestra INCORPORATED SERGE KOUSSEVITZKY, Conductor Richard Burgin, Assistant Conductor with historical and descriptive notes By John N. Burk COPYRIGHT, 1936, BY BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA, Inc. The OFFICERS and TRUSTEES of the BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA, Inc. Bentley W. Warren .... President Henry B. Sawyer Vice-President Ernest B. Dane . Treasurer Allston Burr Roger I. Lee Henry B. Cabot Richard C. Paine Ernest B. Dane Henry B. Sawyer Alvan T. Fuller PierpOnt L. Stackpole N. Penrose Hallowell Edward A. Taft M. A. De Wolfe Howe Bentley W. Warren G. E. Judd, Manager C. W. Spalding, Assistant Manager [473] . Old Colony Trust Company 17 COURT STREET, BOSTON The principal business of this company is 1 Investment of funds and management of property for living persons. 2. Carrying out the provisions of the last will and testament of deceased persons. Our officers would welcome a chance to dis- cuss with you either form of service. ^Allied with The First National Bank a/' Boston [ 474 ] SYMPHONIANA Debussy and Koussevitzky — Rach- maninoff — "Music and the Multitude" DEBUSSY AND KOUSSEVITZKY In the winter of 1913 Debussy was invited by Koussevitzky to conduct a concert of his own music in Moscow and another in St. Petersburg. The com- poser was received with immense en- thusiasm by his many Russian admirers. The programme of the concert is here reproduced: Mf.TBF-PTblM • This and^other hand ClMfOHHHECKIH KOHUEPTb. -made ; c m, Glass; also unusual and attrac- UiKAfO.
    [Show full text]
  • Solo List and Reccomended List for 02-03-04 Ver 3
    Please read this before using this recommended guide! The following pages are being uploaded to the OSSAA webpage STRICTLY AS A GUIDE TO SOLO AND ENSEMBLE LITERATURE. In 1999 there was a desire to have a required list of solo and ensemble literature, similar to the PML that large groups are required to perform. Many hours were spent creating the following document to provide “graded lists” of literature for every instrument and voice part. The theory was a student who made a superior rating on a solo would be required to move up the list the next year, to a more challenging solo. After 2 years of debating the issue, the music advisory committee voted NOT to continue with the solo/ensemble required list because there was simply too much music written to confine a person to perform from such a limited list. In 2001 the music advisor committee voted NOT to proceed with the required list, but rather use it as “Recommended Literature” for each instrument or voice part. Any reference to “required lists” or “no exceptions” in this document need to be ignored, as it has not been updated since 2001. If you have any questions as to the rules and regulations governing solo and ensemble events, please refer back to the OSSAA Rules and Regulation Manual for the current year, or contact the music administrator at the OSSAA. 105 SOLO ENSEMBLE REGULATIONS 1. Pianos - It is recommended that you use digital pianos when accoustic pianos are not available or if it is most cost effective to use a digital piano.
    [Show full text]
  • Finding Alternative Musical Scales
    Finding Alternative Musical Scales John Hooker Carnegie Mellon University October 2017 1 Advantages of Classical Scales • Pitch frequencies have simple ratios. – Rich and intelligible harmonies • Multiple keys based on underlying chromatic scale with tempered tuning. – Can play all keys on instrument with fixed tuning. – Complex musical structure. • Can we find new scales with these same properties? – Constraint programming is well suited to solve the problem. 2 Simple Ratios • Acoustic instruments produce multiple harmonic partials. – Frequency of partial = integral multiple of frequency of fundamental. – Coincidence of partials makes chords with simple ratios easy to recognize. Perfect fifth C:G = 2:3 3 Simple Ratios • Acoustic instruments produce multiple harmonic partials. – Frequency of partial = integral multiple of frequency of fundamental. – Coincidence of partials makes chords with simple ratios easy to recognize. Octave C:C = 1:2 4 Simple Ratios • Acoustic instruments produce multiple harmonic partials. – Frequency of partial = integral multiple of frequency of fundamental. – Coincidence of partials makes chords with simple ratios easy to recognize. Major triad C:E:G = 4:5:6 5 Multiple Keys • A classical scale can start from any pitch in a chromatic with 12 semitone intervals. – Resulting in 12 keys. – An instrument with 12 pitches (modulo octaves) can play 12 different keys. – Can move to a different key by changing only a few notes of the scale. 6 Multiple Keys Let C major be the tonic key C 1 D#E 6 A C major b 0 notes F#G
    [Show full text]
  • Genève L’Autographe
    l’autographe Genève l’autographe L’autographe S.A. 24 rue du Cendrier, CH - 1201 Genève +41 22 510 50 59 (mobile) +41 22 523 58 88 (bureau) web: www.lautographe.com mail: [email protected] All autographs are offered subject to prior sale. Prices are quoted in EURO and do not include postage. All overseas shipments will be sent by air. Orders above € 1000 benefts of free shipping. We accept payments via bank transfer, Paypal and all major credit cards. We do not accept bank checks. Postfnance CCP 61-374302-1 3, rue du Vieux-Collège CH-1204, Genève IBAN: CH 94 0900 0000 9175 1379 1 SWIFT/BIC: POFICHBEXXX paypal.me/lautographe The costs of shipping and insurance are additional. Domestic orders are customarily shipped via La Poste. Foreign orders are shipped via Federal Express on request. Music and theatre p. 4 Miscellaneous p. 38 Signed Pennants p. 98 Music and theatre 1. Julia Bartet (Paris, 1854 - Parigi, 1941) Comédie-Française Autograph letter signed, dated 11 Avril 1901 by the French actress. Bartet comments on a book a gentleman sent her: “...la lecture que je viens de faire ne me laisse qu’un regret, c’est que nous ne possédions pas, pour le Grand Siècle, quelque Traité pareil au vôtre. Nous saurions ainsi comment les gens de goût “les honnêtes gens” prononçaient au juste, la belle langue qu’ils ont créée...”. 2 pp. In fine condition. € 70 2. Philippe Chaperon (Paris, 1823 - Lagny-sur-Marne, 1906) Paris Opera Autograph letter signed, dated Chambéry, le 26 Décembre 1864 by the French scenic designer at the Paris Opera.
    [Show full text]