Bilinguisme Et Problematique Des Langues Ethniques. Enquete Sur Le

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Bilinguisme Et Problematique Des Langues Ethniques. Enquete Sur Le DOCUMENT RESUME ED 266 655 FL 015 498 AUTHOR Villata, Bruno TITLE Bilinguisme at problematique des langues ethniques. Enquete sur le comportement lil.guistique des jeunes montrealais d'origine italienne (Bilingualism and the Problem of Ethnic Languages. A Study of the Linguistic Behavior of Young Montrealers of Italian Descent). Publication B-149. INSTITUTION Laval Univ., Quebec (Quebec). International Center for Research on Bilingualism. REPORT NO ISBN-2-89219-158-0 PUB DATE 85 NOTE 208p. PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) LANGUAGE French EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Academic Achievement; Comparrttive Analysis; English (Second Language); *Ethnic Groups; Foreign Countries; French; Intellectual Development; *Italian; Language Research; *Language Skills; *Multilingualism; Native Language Instruction; Preadolescents; 1-sight Vocabulary IDENTIFIERS Italian Canadians; Quebec (Montreal) ABSTRACT A study is reported of the language behavior of trilingual 9-to-12-year-old native Italian speakers in Montreal,some of whom were studying Italian on Saturdays andsome of whom were not. The study focused on their available vocabulary inthe three languages (Italian, French, and English) andon their language productivity during their various activities. A comparisonwas made between this group and monolinguals and bilinguals. Thereport outlines the sociohistory of the Montreal Italian community, characteristics of the Italian spoken in Montreal,a description of the study, and quantitative and qualitative analyses ofthe data. The findings are presented and examined in thecontext of the importance of the home language, the comparable vocabulary ofpersons in France and Acadia, and the "balance effect theory" of languageand the "principle of languages for communication."It is concluded that the conscious study of the home language does not slow the intellectual development of the adolescent; rather, itappears #1 correlate positively and strongly with academic achievement. (MSE) *********************************************1************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRSare the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** publication B-149 Lt1 Lf1 .1) VD ) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (Ni NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION C3 CENTER (ERIC) W h. documn. has been reproduced as received from the person or orgermatson originating it El Minor changes have been med. to improve reproduction quality 'oasts of view of opinions stated in this docu inent do not necessanty represent &kalif NIE position or policy BILINGUISME ET PROBLEMATIQUE DES LANGUES ETHNIQUES (Enquete sur le comportement linguistique des jeunes montrealais d'origine italienne) "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)" Bruno Villata 1985 CIRB ICRB 2 Bilinguisme et problematigue des_igues ethniques (Engulf° sur le comportement linguistique des jeunes montrealais d'origints. italienne) Bruno Villata Publication B-149 az 1985 Cr-. J.- Centre international de recherche sur le bilinguisme to International Center for Research on Bilingualism Quebec O Le Centre international de recherche sur le bilinguisme est un orgcnisme de recherche universitaire qui revolt une subvention de soutienduMinisteredel'Educationdu Quebec et une contribution du Secretariat d'Etat du Canada pour son programme de publication. The International Center for Research on Bilingualism is a university research institu- tion which receives a supporting grant from the Department of Education of Quebec and a contribution from the Secretary of State of Canada for its publication programme. 0 1985 CENTRE INTERNATIONAL DE RECHERCHE SUR LE I ILINGUISME Tous droits reserves.Imprime au Canada Depot legal (Quebec) 3e trimestre 1985 ISBN 2-89219-158-0 PREFACE Du point de vue linguistique, Montreal est une ville exception- nelle. Outre le frangais et l'ar.glais, on y parle plusieurs autres langues utilisees couramment par un pourcentage eleve de sa population. En effet de nombreuses communautes ethniques dont l'importance varie et dont les ressortissants continuent a parler leur langue d'origine, se sont etablies dans la metropole. Ces langues appelees langues eth- niques, sont utilisees surtout au sein des groupes primaires. Les langues ethniques, it ne faut pas l'oublier, sont aussi les parlers dans lesquels des milliers de jeunes montrealais commencent a penser et a communiquer. Cetaspect du bilinguisme Lout a fait particulier nous avait surpris lors de notre premier contact avec le contexte social de la metropole. Nousavionsete etonne par la facilite avec laquelle un grand nombre de montrealais passaient d'une langue a l'autre et de la mattrise avec laquelle ils s'exprimaient dans les differentes langues de leur repertoire. Nous avions aussi remarque que, parfois, les mots exprimes avaientuae valeur differente de celle qu'on leur attribuait en Europe. Notre interet s'etait surtout arrete a l'italien et nous avions meme entrepris une recherche sur son vocabulaire. Nous avions ainsi retrace dans son lexique plusieurs neologismes qui revelaient clairement la pression du frangais et de l'anglais sur l'italien. Ayant eu l'occasion au cours de cette recherche de mieux connat- tre le contexte ou evoluait le groupe d'origine italienne, nous nous sommes.interesse a son histoire autant qu'a sa langue. Pour ce qui a trait a l'histoire nous avons ete etonne de constater que tres peu d'italo-canadiens connaissent celle de la colonie italienne de Montreal et qu'au Quebec personne, ou presque, ne sait que le fameux Regiment de Carignan etait d'origine piemontaise. Apres avoir tente demettre au clair la question historique nous avons prefere nous pencher sur les problemeslinguistiques. En effet pour des raisons professionnelles, nous avions des contacts frequents avec la communaute italienne. Nous avions ainsi remarque que pour ce qui a trait a l'education linguisti- que des jeunes allophones, Iles opinions des enseignants n'etaient pas toujours tres clairas et nous avions constate que non seulement la question etait encore coatroversee mais egalement, qu';Montreal, elle n'avait jamais fait l'objet d'une recherche approfondie. Ce probleme nous touchait d'autant plus qu'on nous avait alors confie la fonction de directeuradministratif du PICAI, l'organisation qui, entre autres choses, s'occupe de l'enseignement de l'italien aux jeunes qui au sein de leurs families communiquent dans cette langue. 5 ii Ces cours ont lieu le samedi matin .et nous avions pu constater "de visu" que les jeunes les frequentaient acontrecoeur parce qu'ils avaient lieu un jour feria. Entre-temps un heureux hasard nous permit d'entrer en contact avec le CIRB. Leslecons et les precieux conseils des chercheursqui avaient effectue les enquetes sur le vocabulaire disponible des jeunes acadiens, nous indiquerent le chemin a suivre pour etudier la question .c nous passionnait- Toutefois la complexite du travail nous a porte a reflechir assez longuement car, conscient de l'ampleur de l'enquete, et apres avoir etudie les recherches preceden- tes, nous avions d'abordpense que la Cliche etait au-dessus de nos moyens craignant surtout de devoir abandonner ce travail en cours de route. En depit de ces incertitudes, nous avons quand 'gine decide de conduirecette enquete parce que nous savions que nous pourrions comp- ter sur les precieux conseils de ceux qui nous dirigoraient. Cette enquete nous permettrait avant tout d'etudierle vocabu- laire disponible des jeunes montrealais trilingues et aussi d'en savoir davantage sur la relation qui existe entre les differentes langues fai- sant partie du repertoire linguistique des jeunes temoins interroges au cours de notre recherche. Reconnaissance Je suis tres heureux de presenter ce travail encommencant par remeicier toutes les personnes qui m'ont prate leur contours afin de me permettre de l'entreprendre et de le porter a terme.Je voudrais aussi les prier de m'excuser pour tous les derangements que j'ai pu leur causer. Je me refere surcout au millier d'enfants qui ont repondu aux tests de disponibilite et plus particulierement a ceux qui ont accepte de sacrifier une partie du temps tiu'ils consacrent aux loisirs pour que je puisse effectuer ma recherche. Je profite egalement de l'occasion qui m'est offerte pourex- primer ma sincere gratitude aux parents de ces enfants ainsi qu'aux professeurs, aux directeurs et aux administcateurs des differentes Commissions scolaires et du PICAI. Non seulementm'ont-ils permis de mener les enquetes mais ils m'ont egalement facilite !a tgche par leurs precieux conseils et la collaboration qu'ils m'ont offerte spontanement. Je ne pourrai pas les nommer ici individuellement mais je m'en voudrais de ne pas en souligner le merite. Je desire aussi exprimer mes vifs remerciements a la Faculte des Lettres de l'Universite Laval, surtout auxmembres du CIRB qui m'ont toujours temoigne une grande gentillesse et la plus grande comprehension et qui n'ont pas menage leurs paroles d'encouragement dans les moments difficiles. Je les adresse tout particulierement a Monsieur Jean-Denis Gendron qui, malgre un emploi du temps tres charge, a toujours accepte de me recevoir, ainsi qu'a Madame Marguerite Marchand dont les interventions ont ate tres efficaces. Enfin, je voudraisexprimer.ma plus.vive gratitude a Monsieur W.F. Mackey, mon directeur de these, et a Monsieur Jean-Guy Savard. Leurs travaux ont inspirema recherche.
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