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Cry Havoc Règles Fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 Guiscarduiscard
maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 Guiscarduiscard HISTORY & SCENARIOS maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page2 © Buxeria & Historic’One éditions - 2014 - v1.1 maquette historique UK v2_cry havoc règles fr 05/01/14 17:46 Page1 History Normans in Southern Italy and Sicily in the 11th Century 1 - The historical context 1.1 - Southern Italy and Sicily at the beginning of the 11th Century Byzantium had conquered Southern Italy and Sicily in the first half of the 6th century. But by the end of that century, Lombards coming from Northern Italy had conquered most of the peninsula, with Byzantium retaining only Calabria and Sicily. From the middle of the 9th century, the Aghlabid Dynasty of Ifrîquya (the original name of Eastern Maghreb) raided Sicily to take possession of the island. A new Byzantine offensive at the end of the century took back most of the lost territories in Apulia and Calabria and established Bari as the new provincial capital. Lombard territories further north were broken down between three cities led by princes: Capua, Salerno, and Benevento. Further east, Italian duchies of Naples, Amalfi, and Gaeta tried to keep their autonomy through successive alliances with the various regional powers to try and maintain their commercial interests. Ethnic struggles in Sicily between Arabs and Berbers on the one side, and various dynasties on the other side, led to power fragmentation: The island is divided between four rival military factions at the beginning of the 11th century. Beyond its natural boundaries, Southern Italy had to cope with two external powers which were looking to expel Byzantium from what they considered was part of their area of influence: the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire. -
Archimedes of Syracuse
5 MARCH 2020 Engineering: Archimedes of Syracuse Professor Edith Hall Archimedes and Hiero II’s Syracuse Archimedes was and remains the most famous person from Syracuse, Sicily, in history. He belonged to the prosperous and sophisticated culture which the dominantly Greek population had built in the east of the island. The civilisation of the whole of ancient Sicily and South Italy was called by the Romans ‘Magna Graecia’ or ‘Great Greece’. The citis of Magna Graecia began to be annexed by the Roman Republic from 327 BCE, and most of Sicily was conquered by 272. But Syracuse, a large and magnificent kingdom, the size of Athens and a major player in the politics of the Mediterranean world throughout antiquity, succeeded in staying independent until 212. This was because its kings were allies of Rome in the face of the constant threat from Carthage. Archimedes was born into this free and vibrant port city in about 287 BCE, and as far as we know lived there all his life. When he was about twelve, the formidable Hiero II came to the throne, and there followed more than half a century of peace in the city, despite momentous power struggles going on as the Romans clashed with the Carthaginians and Greeks beyond Syracuse’s borders. Hiero encouraged arts and sciences, massively expanding the famous theatre. Archimedes’ background enabled him to fulfil his huge inborn intellectual talents to the full. His father was an astronomer named Pheidias. He was probably sent to study as a young man to Alexandria, home of the famous library, where he seems to have became close friend and correspondent of the great geographer and astonomer Eratosthenes, later to become Chief Librarian. -
The Military Reforms of Gaius Marius in Their Social, Economic, and Political Context by Michael C. Gambino August, 2015 Directo
The Military Reforms of Gaius Marius in their Social, Economic, and Political Context By Michael C. Gambino August, 2015 Director of Thesis: Dr. Frank Romer Major Department: History Abstract The goal of this thesis is, as the title affirms, to understand the military reforms of Gaius Marius in their broader societal context. In this thesis, after a brief introduction (Chap. I), Chap. II analyzes the Roman manipular army, its formation, policies, and armament. Chapter III examines Roman society, politics, and economics during the second century B.C.E., with emphasis on the concentration of power and wealth, the legislative programs of Ti. And C. Gracchus, and the Italian allies’ growing demand for citizenship. Chap. IV discusses Roman military expansion from the Second Punic War down to 100 B.C.E., focusing on Roman military and foreign policy blunders, missteps, and mistakes in Celtiberian Spain, along with Rome’s servile wars and the problem of the Cimbri and Teutones. Chap. V then contextualizes the life of Gaius Marius and his sense of military strategy, while Chap VI assesses Marius’s military reforms in his lifetime and their immediate aftermath in the time of Sulla. There are four appendices on the ancient literary sources (App. I), Marian consequences in the Late Republic (App. II), the significance of the legionary eagle standard as shown during the early principate (App. III), and a listing of the consular Caecilii Metelli in the second and early first centuries B.C.E. (App. IV). The Marian military reforms changed the army from a semi-professional citizen militia into a more professionalized army made up of extensively trained recruits who served for longer consecutive terms and were personally bound to their commanders. -
40Th FREE with Orders Over
By Appointment To H.R.H. The Duke Of Edinburgh Booksellers London Est. 1978 www.bibliophilebooks.com ISSN 1478-064X CATALOGUE NO. 366 OCT 2018 PAGE PAGE 18 The Night 18 * Before FREE with orders over £40 Christmas A 3-D Pop- BIBLIOPHILE Up Advent th Calendar 40 with ANNIVERSARY stickers PEN 1978-2018 Christmas 84496, £3.50 (*excluding P&P, Books pages 19-20 84760 £23.84 now £7 84872 £4.50 Page 17 84834 £14.99 now £6.50UK only) 84459 £7.99 now £5 84903 Set of 3 only £4 84138 £9.99 now £6.50 HISTORY Books Make Lovely Gifts… For Family & Friends (or Yourself!) Bibliophile has once again this year Let us help you find a book on any topic 84674 RUSSIA OF THE devised helpful categories to make useful you may want by phone and we’ll TSARS by Peter Waldron Including a wallet of facsimile suggestions for bargain-priced gift buying research our database of 3400 titles! documents, this chunky book in the Thames and Hudson series of this year. The gift sections are Stocking FREE RUBY ANNIVERSARY PEN WHEN YOU History Files is a beautifully illustrated miracle of concise Fillers under a fiver, Children’s gift ideas SPEND OVER £40 (automatically added to narration, starting with the (in Children’s), £5-£20 gift ideas, Luxury orders even online when you reach this). development of the first Russian state, Rus, in the 9th century. tomes £20-£250 and our Yuletide books Happy Reading, Unlike other European countries, Russia did not have to selection. -
The Story of Carthage, Because One Has to Tell It Without Sympathy, and from the Standpoint of Her Enemies
li^!*^'*,?*^','. K lA, ZT—iD v^^ )A Cfce ®tor? of tfte iSations. CARTHAGE THE STORY OF THE NATIONS. Large Crown 8vo, Cloth, Illustrated, ^s. 1. ROME. Arthur Oilman, M.A. 2. THE JEWS. Prof. J. K. Hosmer. 3. GERMANY. Rev. S. Baring-Gould, M.A. 4. CARTHAGE. Prof. A. J. Church. 5. ALEXANDER'S EMPIRE. Prof. J. P. Mahaffy. 6. THE MOORS IN SPAIN. Stanley Lane-Poole. 7. ANCIENT EGYPT. Canon Raw- LINSON. 8. HUNGARY. Prof. A. Vambery. 9. THE SARACENS. A. Oilman, M.A. 10. IRELAND. Hon. Emily Lawless. 11. THE GOTHS. Henry Bradley. 12. CHALD^A. Z. A. Ragozin. 13. THE TURKS. Stanley Lane-Poole. 14. ASSYRIA. Z. A. Ragozin. 15. HOLLAND. Prof. J. E. Thorold Rogers. 16. PERSIA. S.W.Benjamin. London ; T. PISHEE UNWIN, 2 6, Paternoster Square, E.G. CARTHAGE OR THE EMPIRE OF AFRICA ALFRED J. CHURCH, M.A. '* PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON, AUTHOR OP STORIES FROM HOMER," ETC., ETC. WITH THE COLLABORA TION OF ARTHUR OILMAN, M.A. THIRD EDITION, gtrnhon T. FISHER UNWIN 26 PATERNOSTER SQUARE NEW YORK : O. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MDCCCLXXXVII SEEN BY PRESERVATION SERVICES M } 7 4Q«^ Entered at Stationers' Hall By T. fisher UNWIN. Copyright by G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1886 (For the United States of America), PREFACE. It is difficult to tell the story of Carthage, because one has to tell it without sympathy, and from the standpoint of her enemies. It is a great advantage, on the other hand, that the materials are of a manage- able amount, and that a fairly complete narrative may be given within a moderate compass. -
Roman Warfare and Fortification
Roman Warfare and Fortification Oxford Handbooks Online Roman Warfare and Fortification Gwyn Davies The Oxford Handbook of Engineering and Technology in the Classical World Edited by John Peter Oleson Print Publication Date: Dec 2009 Subject: Classical Studies, Ancient Roman History, Material Culture Studies Online Publication Date: Sep 2012 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199734856.013.0028 Abstract and Keywords This article concentrates on the role of technology in improving the operational capabilities of the Roman state. It reviews the organizational and weapon system developments that enabled Roman armies to engage their enemies with confidence in the field, alongside the evolution of fortification schemes that enabled economies of force, which were essential to imperial security. Roman weapons and equipment include the spear, sword, missiles, artillery, shields, helmets, and body armor. Although the Roman army was often on the attack and made use of complex siege technology, it was also highly skilled in the preparation of defensive fortifications. The Romans diligently applied themselves to the arts of war. Their successful mastery of battlefield techniques and their adoption, where appropriate, of equipment and technologies first introduced by their opponents allowed Roman armies to sustain the state over several hundreds of years of challenge and change. Keywords: Roman armies, Roman warfare, Roman fortification, spear, sword, missiles, artillery, shields, helmets, body armor Warfare and the Romans A message relayed to the Roman people by Romulus after his translation to the heavens, stands as an unambiguous endorsement of Roman military prowess. “Tell the Romans that it is the gods' will that my Rome shall be the capital of the world; therefore let them cultivate the arts of war and let them know and teach their children that no human force can resist Roman arms” (Livy 1.16.7). -
Ancient Warfare Battle Manual Table of Contents 1
Ancient Warfare Battle Manual Table of Contents 1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 2. The Game Interface ....................................................................................................................... 1 2.1. The Menus ...................................................................................................................... 1 2.2. The Toolbar..................................................................................................................... 6 2.3. The Status Bar ................................................................................................................ 8 3. The Units ........................................................................................................................................ 8 3.1. Definition of Unit Types :................................................................................................. 8 4. Commanding Your Forces ........................................................................................................... 10 4.1. Issuing Orders............................................................................................................... 10 4.1.1. Move ................................................................................................................... 11 4.1.2. Charge ............................................................................................................... -
Hobbes Trans.) Vol
Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian Wars (Hobbes trans.) Vol. 1: The Online Libra...Page 1 of 493 THE ONLINE LIBRARY OF LIBERTY © 2004 Liberty Fund, Inc. CLASSICS IN THE HISTORY OF LIBERTY THUCYDIDES, HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WARS (HOBBES TRANS.) (1839) VOLUME I Updated: May 18, 2004 Return to the Introduction to Thucydides and the detailed Table of Contents. EDITION USED The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury: Now First Collected and Edited by Sir William Molesworth, Bart., (London: Bohn, 1839-45). 11 vols. z Volume VIII: Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian Wars (History of the Grecian War), trans. Thomas Hobbes Vol. 1 z Volume IX: Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian Wars (History of the Grecian War), trans. Thomas Hobbes Vol. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS z ADVERTISEMENT. z TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR WILLIAM CAVENDISH, KNIGHT OF THE BATH, BARON OF HARDWICK, AND EARL OF DEVONSHIRE. z TO THE READERS. z OF THE LIFE AND HISTORY OF THUCYDIDES. { ENDNOTES z THE FIRST BOOK OF THE HISTORY OF THUCYDIDES. { ENDNOTES z THE SECOND BOOK OF THE HISTORY OF THUCYDIDES. { ENDNOTES z THE THIRD BOOK OF THE HISTORY OF THUCYDIDES. { ENDNOTES z THE FOURTH BOOK OF THE HISTORY OF THUCYDIDES. { ENDNOTES LONDON: RICHARDS, PRINTER, 100, ST. MARTIN’S LANE. http://oll.libertyfund.org/Texts/Hobbes0123/Works/0051-08_Bk.html 5/18/2004 Livros Grátis http://www.livrosgratis.com.br Milhares de livros grátis para download. Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian Wars (Hobbes trans.) Vol. 1: The Online Libra...Page 2 of 493 ADVERTISEMENT. THE merit of Hobbes’ translation of Thucydides lies principally in the simplicity and force of the language: bearing in that respect some affinity to the original. -
Pdf (398.84 K)
ثالثا: البحوث غري العربية Non Arabic Articles - 0 - The Role of Super Natural Powers in Arab-Byzantine Warfare as Reflected by Popular Imagination Abdelaziz M. Ramadan Ain Shams University – Egypt To modern mentality, supernatural powers and their intervention in matters of daily life seem as a sort of superstition, but for the ancient and medieval peoples, they were frequently considered the only available interpretation of what was occurring around them, and always the last resort at the time of danger or need. It is very difficult, as Peter Burke has pointed out, to find a distinction between ‘natural’ and ‘supernatural’, ‘rational’ and ‘irrational’ in the Middle Ages.1 Among medieval peoples, Byzantines and Arabs can present the very clear examples of believing in the 'supernatural'. According to Cyril Mango, the ‘average Byzantine’ inhabited a world dominated by superstition, in a society whose culture appears deficient to a modern observer, and "to the Byzantine man, as indeed to all men of the middle ages, the supernatural existed in a very real and familiar sense."2 In his book The Cult of Saints among Muslims and Jews in Medieval Syria, Josef Meri presents the medieval Muslim mind in a very similar way. He also demonstrates common features of believing in the ‘holy’ and his supernaturalism among Jews, Christians and Muslims of Medieval Syria, interpreting this by saying: •An early version of this paper was presented at the 3rd International Conference "The World of Islam: History, Society and Culture", Moscow, 22-24 October 2014. Here, I'd like to express my thanks to the staff of Erasmus Mundus and Prof. -
PDF Download the Siege (Lassedio)
THE SIEGE (LASSEDIO) : STORIES PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Ljuba Merlina Bortolani | 300 pages | 28 Feb 2013 | Milkweed Editions | 9781571310972 | English | Minneapolis, United States The Siege (Lassedio) : Stories PDF Book Categories 2 and 3, check. Some slight historical distortions but nothing to take away from reading enjoyment. Goffman, Daniel. On Thursday, police said they found 12 bows, arrows and an air rifle. Siege is the story of the fall of Constantinople to the Muslim forces of Sultan Mehmed. If this is a benchmark for Hight's future work, then the future is bright. Readers also enjoyed. Salvatore Cammarano. Januar The U. Newsletter abonnieren Absenden. There are lots of things to like about the book: starting from the Harem politics to the union vs catholic theological Siege is based on one of the most important battles in history: the siege of Constantinople. Assistant Commissioner of Police Chow Yat-ming. This Trumpist insurrection was election violence, much like the election violence that plagues many fragile democracies. Metacritic Reviews. The restored version replaces that prologue with information about the restoration of the film from various sources to supplement the heavily censored postwar Italian version. Many non-Hospitallers were also gripped by this tale and wrote about it. Supporters of President Donald Trump, following his encouragement, stormed the U. Following the methods of his predecessors, Grand Master Hugues Loubenx de Verdalle reissued the statutes of the Order in to unify the Knights behind common, uniform customs under the authority of the Grand Master. Billed as Siege of Syracuse and in Italian with English subtitles, Channel 4 repeated the film on 31 August , after which it was never seen again. -
A Resource of Translated Islamic Texts
INTELWIRE http://www.intelwire.com A Resource of Translated Islamic Texts Living Together ● Posted in 'Abdullah 'Azzam on October 16, 2008 by Abu Sabaya ● Pages “You cannot live alone. Do not live alone, as the wolf eats up the lone sheep, and ❍ The Purpose of This Blog Satan is close to the one who is alone and is farther from two who are together. So, ● Recent Posts ❍ Living Together if you live somewhere, live with at least one other person, and this one person ❍ al-A’mash: One Interesting Character should be righteous. ❍ How the Believer Relaxes ❍ Why Anas Rubbed His Hands With Oil ❍ The Rule of Interaction and Imitation Friends are like a row of connected test tubes: if liquid overflows in one tube, the excess flows into the other tubes until there is an equal amount of liquid in all the ● Recent Comments tubes. Likewise, if you live with corrupt people, they will take away many of your "Imam Ahmed" on Living Together good deeds, and you will decrease and decrease and decrease until you are all equal in status. You will definitely end up like these interconnected test tubes. A Are we Serious? on group of friends are all like each other, and the longer the friendship lasts, the Living Together closer the character and manners of each person in the group will be to the others. M on How the Do not believe that a good person can live for long with a corrupt person, unless Believer Relaxes the corrupt person improves and follows the example of the good person. -
Historical Evolution of Roman Infantry Arms And
HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF ROMAN INFANTRY ARMS AND ARMOR 753 BC - 476 AD An Interactive Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE In partial fulfillment to the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Evan Bossio Robert Chase Justin Dyer Stephanie Huang Marmik Patel Nathan Siegel Date: March 2, 2018 Submitted to: Professor Diana A. Lados Professor Luca Capogna Abstract During its time, the Roman Empire gained a formidable reputation as a result of its discipline and organization. The Roman Empire has made a lasting impact on the world due to its culture, political structure, and military might. The purpose of this project was to examine how the materials and processes used to create the weapons and armour helped to contribute to the rise and fall of the Roman Empire. This was done by analyzing how the Empire was able to successfully integrate new technologies and strategies from the regions the Empire conquered. The focus of this project is on the Empire's military, including the organization of the army, and the tactics and weapons used. To better understand the technology and innovations during this time the Roman long sword, spatha, was replicated and analyzed. 1 Acknowledgments The team would like to thank Professor Diana A. Lados and Professor Luca Capogna for this unique experience. The team would also like to thank Anthony Spangenberger for his guidance and time throughout the microstructure analysis. Lastly, this project could not have been done without Joshua Swalec, who offered his workshop, tools, and expertise throughout the manufacturing process 2 Table of Contents Abstract 1 Acknowledgments 2 Table of Contents 3 List of Figures 6 List of Tables 11 Authorship 12 1.