People and things
Hideki Yukawa
many years. In 1943 he received became a centre of international the Cultural Medal, the highest renown. He then moved to Naples. award in Japan, and six years later An original and rationalistic thinker the Nobel Physics Prize. and a gifted experimentalist, he To commemorate this Prize, the continually provided stimulus for Institute for Fundamental Physics further research. was set up at Kyoto University, and Yukawa remained as Director Bruno Tallini for many years. In 1946 he inau • gurated the journal 'Progress of With the premature death of Bruno Theoretical Physics' which brought Tallini in September, the European Japanese theoretical physics to particle physics community has world attention, and was its Editor lost one of its most active mem until his death. A visit to CERN in bers. He had been involved for the late 1950s impressed on him more than two decades in bubble the importance of high energy ac chamber experiments, dividing his celerators, an influence which time between data taking at CERN eventually led to the establishment and film analysis at Saclay. Lately of the Japanese KEK Laboratory. he served at CERN as Chairman of Throughout his life he was a great the BEBC Users Committee and promoter of peace and was a lead then as a member of the SPS Ex ing figure in a movement to abolish periments Committee. In the last nuclear weapons. few years his interests turned to wards testing the predictions of Ettore Pancini grand unified theories and he played an important role in devel Hideki Yukawa Italian physicist Ettore Pancini died oping the instrumentation for the prematurely on 1 September. In new underground laboratory being Last month saw the death of 1946, with Marcello Conversi and built in the Frejus tunnel in France. Hideki Yukawa at the age of 74, Oreste Piccioni, he discovered that after five years of grave illness the cosmic ray meson (the muon), Earlier this year a symposium was bravely borne. In 1949 he became contrary to general belief at the held at Yale University to celebrate the first Japanese to receive a time, could not be the particle pos the sixtieth birthday of Feza Gur- Nobel Prize. He graduated in phy tulated by Hideki Yukawa as the sey, well known for his many im- sics from Kyoto in 1932 along carrier of the short range nuclear with Sin-itiro Tomonaga, who went force. By establishing that the Maurice Goldhaber (left) was one of those on to receive the Nobel award in muon behaves as a heavy electron, who took part in a recent symposium at Yale to celebrate the sixtieth birthday of 1965. His contributions to physics these experiments opened up the theoretician Feza Gursey (right). ranged over a wide field, covering field of leptonic physics. This work atomic structure, beta decay, nu also led to the idea of a universal clear structure and field theory. weak interaction, and pointed the However he is best known for his way to the study of mesic atoms. theory of nuclear forces, first pre After graduating from Padua, in sented in 1934, based on the ex 1940 Ettore Pancini went to Rome change of particles predicted to to study cosmic ray physics, a be several hundred times heavier career which was soon interrupted than the electron. These particles, by the war in which he went on the pions, were discovered in cos to play an important role. In 1950 mic ray experiments in 1947, and he was appointed Professor of the Yukawa model remained a Experimental Physics at Genoa, cornerstone of nuclear theory for which during his ten year residence
CERN Courier, November 1981 409 portant contributions to theoretical Scientific Policy Committee. At haven. Commissioning of the physics. Among those contributing DESY, he has been a Director, Pre X—ray ring of the NSLS is immi were Y. Nambu, L. A. Radicati, sident of the Directorate and Chair nent. M. Klein, F. J. Dyson and M. Gold- man of the Scientific Council. He A group at the University of haber. The proceedings of the continues to be active in machine Science and Technology of China, symposium will appear in a forth development, one of his recent Hefei, led by Pao Chung-mou, is coming dedicated Festschrift vo achievements being the remarkable planning an 800 MeV electron stor lume. 'neutron bottle' at the Institut age ring as a synchrotron radiation Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. For source, it would provide high inten Wolfgang Paul is retiring as head many years Professor Paul has sity ultraviolet and soft X—rays out of Bonn University's Physics Insti been one of the most influential to about 2 keV. A wiggler magnet tute. Soon after arriving at Bonn European physicists in ensuring is being designed to give higher in 1952, he was encouraged by support for high energy physics energy radiation, extending the Heisenberg to begin construction and for the CERN and DESY Labo of the 500 MeV (now 2.5 GeV) ratories. The progress of the LEP electron synchrotron, the first Euro project in particular owes a great The new User's Executive Committee at pean machine to use the alternating deal to his commitment. Fermilab. Members include; seated Jeff Appel (Secretary, Fermilab}, Dick Gustafson gradient technique. At CERN he (Chairman, Michigan), Jim Walker (Fermilab) has served variously as Leader of standing — Mike Shaevitz (Columbia), Frank Synchrotron radiation news Turkot (Fermilab), Mel Schwartz (Stanford), Nuclear Physics Division, Chairman Maris Abolins (Michigan State), Sharon of the Electronic Experiments Com At the end of August a circulating Hagopian (Florida State), Jerry Rosen mittee, Federal Germany's delegate electron beam was achieved for (Northwestern), Gaurang Yodh (Maryland), Larry Jones (Michigan), Tom Romanowski to CERN Council (a position he the first time in the VUV (vacuum (Ohio State). Vince Peterson (Hawaii) is also continues to hold) and as both ultraviolet) ring of the US National on the Committee. member and Chairman of the Synchrotron Light Source at Brook- (Photo Fermilab)
410 CERN Courier, November 19g1 In August, circulating beam was obtained in the vacuum ultraviolet storage ring of the new National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven. To celebrate the occasion, NSLS staff posed in front of their building.
(Photo Brookhaven)
available range out to about fifty theorists and experimenters The papers will be grouped under WkeV. are expected to participate, Topics four headings — Design aspects In July, a first section of the linac will include present and planned of accelerators, Digital control of injector operated at 30 MeV. Pro experiments on proton decay and accelerators, Operational aspects totype bending and quadrupole neutron-antineutron oscillations as and experimental data processing, magnets plus vacuum chamber well as theoretical and cosmolog- Special applications of accelerators and other components have also ical aspects of baryon nonconser (medicine, industry, synchrotron been built. The site selected near vation. Further details from radiation, etc.). Chairman of the the University has space for future Dr. V. S. Narasimham, Secretary, Organizing Committee is Prof. R. expansion, such as a 2.5 GeV elec ICOBAN, TIFR, Homi Bhabha Road, Zelazny, and further information tron machine for nuclear physics. Bombay — 400 005, India. is available from Miss J. Clszews- The work is supported by the ka, R. C. C. CYFRONET, Institute Chinese Academy of Science and From 17—23 February an Inter of Nuclear Research, 05—400 about a hundred scientists and national Conference on Instrumen Otwock—Swierk, Poland. engineers from the University and tation for Colliding Beam Physics elsewhere are involved. A design will be held at the Stanford Linear report for the synchrotron radiation Accelerator Center. It is the second Electron laser success facility is being prepared and it is in a series which started at Novo hoped to have authorization in sibirsk in 1977 and will cover re A team at Los Alamos, led by about six months. The Chinese cent technological developments Charles Brau, has demonstrated scientists greatly appreciate con in the construction and operation the principle of a high efficiency tacts of all kinds with their col of detectors for colliding beam free electron laser. A 20 MeV free leagues elsewhere. experiments. Further details from electron laser amplified the light Ruth Thor Nelson, SLAC Bin 14, from a conventional carbon dioxide Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94305, laser with a much higher proportion Conferences USA. of electron energy being converted From 11—14 January, an Inter into laser light than can be national Colloquium on Baryon A Europhysics Conference on achieved with conventional mag Nonconservation (ICOBAN) will be 'Computing in Accelerator Design netic fields. The team is preparing . held at the Tata Institute of Funda and Operation' will be held in War a complete system for operation mental Research, Bombay. Over saw from 21-24 September 1982. in 1983 and Brau has predicted
CERN Courier, November 1981 411 Seen here being checked out in the CERN Computer Centre is the new IBM 3081, which is now working alongside the existing IBM 370/168. The IBM 3032 processor previously in use has been sold.
(Photo CERN 144.9.81)
that all the remaining physics ques tion marks over free electron lasers (deemed 'presently the sexiest things in accelerator physics' at the Washington Accelerator Con ference in March) will be removed during the next year. Work on the development of electron lasers is also under way at several other research centres.
Argonne Microtron project
Work has started on a prototype magnet to confirm the design of a 2 GeV electron microtron under study at Argonne for use in nuclear and particle physics research. The design has two 25 MeV linacs in parallel linked via a novel magnet system, providing 2 GeV electrons after forty circuits through the two machines. The whole structure would only occupy some 40 by 15 m and would be comparatively economical in power consumption. The protoype magnet is scheduled to be tested next March. Other proposals for a national electron facility in this energy range are being put forward at MIT and Vir ginia.
ABEL, ready and willing
On 2 October a new ion source and injector system, known as ABEL, was inaugurated at Berkeley. It is to serve as injector of hea vy ions into the SuperHILAC, and the range of intense ion beams which can be accelerated will be
Home-made lightning in the Nuclear Struc ture Facility at the Daresbury Laboratory. This spark between the intershield and tank occurred with the terminal at 20 million volts during high voltage testing. Commissioning of the machine has been proving more difficult than anticipated.
(Photo Daresbury)
412 CERN Courier, November 1981 Third meeting of the Japan / U.S. Committee on High Energy Physics held at Fermilab on 26, 27 May. T. Nishikawa (Director General of the KEK Laboratory) and J. Leiss (DOE Associate Director for High Energy and Nuclear Physics) were co-Chairmen. The collaboration has gained further interest with the start of construction of the TRISTAN project in Japan which will complement the planned facilities in the USA.
(Photos Fermilab)
Fermilab Latin America Center
Fermilab is proposing to set up an on-site Latin America Center for Fundamental Physics and Techno logy to assist scientists and engi neers from developing countries. Rather than cjirect/y promoting high energy physics, the new institute would set out to provide scientists from developing countries with experience in a broad range of fron extended up to uranium. Early next X-ray pictures can be taken more tier technologies. It is hoped that year the Bevatron too will be able accurately, more easily and for about 30 fellows would pass to accelerate uranium ions. The less cost. A special area for carry through each year. Bevalac (SuperHILAC linked to the ing out clinical tests is under con Bevatron) will be unique in the struction. world with this high energy, heavy With synchrotron radiation, the ion capability. X-ray wavelength can be tuned to The heavy ion research pro the value which gives optimal gramme and future plans at Berke imaging of specific tissues, avoid ley are reviewed in the feature ing the need for painful and expen article on page 393. sive catheterization in which a suit able contrast medium has to be injected directly into the coronary arteries. Because of the intensity Medical uses of the X-rays, very short exposure for synchrotron radiation times are required, thus minimizing The X-ray synchrotron radiation blurring due to heartbeats and en produced by electron storage rings suring a lower radiation dose. could provide improved diagnosis in conditions such as coronary 'Big Bang' wall chart prepared for the Fermilab Saturday morning physics class, artery disease. showing links between cosmology and Tests on animal hearts at the particle physics. Prepared by Jim Walker Stanford Synchrotron Radiation (right) and James Bjorken, the chart covers all time, but with the first second of the Laboratory, which uses the SPEAR universe's existence taking up about half ring at SLAC, have shown that the available space.
CERN Courier, November 1981 413