Edoardo Amaldi 1908-89
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Muons for Time-Dependent Studies in Magnetism
Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism D. Andreica, Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca, ROMANIA The European School on Magnetism, 22.08-01.09 2011, Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism Content: Introduction: muon properties; history. SR method: muon beams; sample environment; Muons for solid state physics & examples. ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism In a few words: Polarized muons (S=1/2) are implanted into the sample The spin of the muon precesses around the local magnetic field The muons decay (2.2 s) by emitting a positron preferentially along the spin direction. The positrons are counted/recorded in hystograms along certain directions = the SR spectra = the physics of your sample. ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism It belongs to the family of NMR, EPR, PAC, neutron scattering and Mossbauer experimental methods. ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism -Small magnetic probe. Spin: 1/2, Mass: m = 206.7682838(54) me = 0.1126095269(29) mp -Charge: +-e - Muon beam 100% polarized → possibility to perform ZF measurements - Can be implanted in all type of samples - Gyromagnetic ratio: = 2 x 13.553882 (0.2 ppm) kHz/Gauss → senses weak magnetism. - Allows independent determination of the magnetic volume and of magnetic moment. - Possibility to detect disordered magnetism (spin glass) or short range magnetism. How ? ESM 2011-Târgovişte, ROMANIA Muons for time-dependent studies in magnetism The muon decay into an electron and two neutrinos after an average lifetime of = 2.19703(4) s: + + e + e + The decay is highly anisotropic. -
Date: To: September 22, 1 997 Mr Ian Johnston©
22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 4& 8 6603847 SID 01 NOBELSTIFTELSEN The Nobel Foundation TELEFAX Date: September 22, 1 997 To: Mr Ian Johnston© Company: Executive Office of the Secretary-General Fax no: 0091-2129633511 From: The Nobel Foundation Total number of pages: olO MESSAGE DearMrJohnstone, With reference to your fax and to our telephone conversation, I am enclosing the address list of all Nobel Prize laureates. Yours sincerely, Ingr BergstrSm Mailing address: Bos StU S-102 45 Stockholm. Sweden Strat itddrtSMi Suircfatan 14 Teleptelrtts: (-MB S) 663 » 20 Fsuc (*-«>!) «W Jg 47 22-SEP-1997 16:36 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 B S603847 SID 02 22-SEP-1997 16:35 NOBELSTIFTELSEN 46 8 6603847 SID 03 Professor Willis E, Lamb Jr Prof. Aleksandre M. Prokhorov Dr. Leo EsaJki 848 North Norris Avenue Russian Academy of Sciences University of Tsukuba TUCSON, AZ 857 19 Leninskii Prospect 14 Tsukuba USA MSOCOWV71 Ibaraki Ru s s I a 305 Japan 59* c>io Dr. Tsung Dao Lee Professor Hans A. Bethe Professor Antony Hewlsh Department of Physics Cornell University Cavendish Laboratory Columbia University ITHACA, NY 14853 University of Cambridge 538 West I20th Street USA CAMBRIDGE CB3 OHE NEW YORK, NY 10027 England USA S96 014 S ' Dr. Chen Ning Yang Professor Murray Gell-Mann ^ Professor Aage Bohr The Institute for Department of Physics Niels Bohr Institutet Theoretical Physics California Institute of Technology Blegdamsvej 17 State University of New York PASADENA, CA91125 DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 STONY BROOK, NY 11794 USA D anni ark USA 595 600 613 Professor Owen Chamberlain Professor Louis Neel ' Professor Ben Mottelson 6068 Margarldo Drive Membre de rinstitute Nordita OAKLAND, CA 946 IS 15 Rue Marcel-Allegot Blegdamsvej 17 USA F-92190 MEUDON-BELLEVUE DK-2100 KOPENHAMN 0 Frankrike D an m ar k 599 615 Professor Donald A. -
Particle Detectors Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes Heidelberg, Summer Term 2011 The Physics of Particle Detectors Hans-Christian Schultz-Coulon Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik Introduction Historical Developments Historical Development γ-rays First 1896 Detection of α-, β- and γ-rays 1896 β-rays Image of Becquerel's photographic plate which has been An x-ray picture taken by Wilhelm Röntgen of Albert von fogged by exposure to radiation from a uranium salt. Kölliker's hand at a public lecture on 23 January 1896. Historical Development Rutherford's scattering experiment Microscope + Scintillating ZnS screen Schematic view of Rutherford experiment 1911 Rutherford's original experimental setup Historical Development Detection of cosmic rays [Hess 1912; Nobel prize 1936] ! "# Electrometer Cylinder from Wulf [2 cm diameter] Mirror Strings Microscope Natrium ! !""#$%&'()*+,-)./0)1&$23456/)78096$/'9::9098)1912 $%&!'()*+,-.%!/0&1.)%21331&10!,0%))0!%42%!56784210462!1(,!9624,10462,:177%&!(2;! '()*+,-.%2!<=%4*1;%2%)%:0&67%0%&!;1&>!Victor F. Hess before his 1912 balloon flight in Austria during which he discovered cosmic rays. ?40! @4)*%! ;%&! /0%)),-.&1(8%! A! )1,,%2! ,4-.!;4%!BC;%2!;%,!D)%:0&67%0%&,!(7!;4%! EC2F,1-.,%!;%,!/0&1.)%21331&10,!;&%.%2G!(7!%42%!*H&!;4%!A8)%,(2F!FH2,04F%!I6,40462! %42,0%))%2! J(! :K22%2>! L10&4(7! =4&;! M%&=%2;%0G! (7! ;4%! E(*0! 47! 922%&%2! ;%,! 9624,10462,M6)(7%2!M62!B%(-.04F:%40!*&%4!J(!.1)0%2>! $%&!422%&%G!:)%42%&%!<N)42;%&!;4%20!;%&!O8%&3&H*(2F!;%&!9,6)10462!;%,!P%&C0%,>!'4&;!%&! H8%&! ;4%! BC;%2! F%,%2:0G! ,6! M%&&42F%&0! ,4-.!;1,!1:04M%!9624,10462,M6)(7%2!1(*!;%2! -
The Donald A. Glaser Papers, 1943-2013, Bulk 1949-2003
http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8n01cbt No online items Finding Aid for the Donald A. Glaser Papers, 1943-2013, bulk 1949-2003 Bianca Rios and Mariella Soprano California Institute of Technology. Caltech Archives ©2017 1200 East California Blvd. Mail Code B215A-74 Pasadena, CA 91125 [email protected] URL: http://archives.caltech.edu/ Finding Aid for the Donald A. 10285-MS 1 Glaser Papers, 1943-2013, bulk 1949-2003 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: California Institute of Technology. Caltech Archives Title: The Donald A. Glaser papers creator: Glaser, Donald Arthur Identifier/Call Number: 10285-MS Physical Description: 15.97 Linear feet (41 boxes) Date (inclusive): 1918-2016, bulk 1949-2003 Abstract: Donald Arthur Glaser (1926 – 2013) earned his PhD in Physics and Mathematics from the California Institute of Technology in 1950 and won the 1960 Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the bubble chamber. He then changed his research focus to molecular biology and went on to co-found Cetus Corporation, the first biotechnology company. In the 1980s he again switched his focus to neurobiology and the visual system. The Donald A. Glaser papers consist of research notes and notebooks, manuscripts and printed papers, correspondence, awards, biographical material, photographs, audio-visual material, and born-digital files. Conditions Governing Access The collection is open for research. Researchers must apply in writing for access. General The collection is fully digitized and will be made available online by the beginning of 2018. Conditions Governing Use Copyright may not have been assigned to the California Institute of Technology Archives. -
JUAN MANUEL 2016 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE RECIPIENT Culture Friendship Justice
Friendship Volume 135, № 1 Character Culture JUAN MANUEL SANTOS 2016 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE RECIPIENT Justice LETTER FROM THE PRESIDENT Dear Brothers, It is an honor and a privilege as your president to have the challenges us and, perhaps, makes us question our own opportunity to share my message with you in each edition strongly held beliefs. But it also serves to open our minds of the Quarterly. I generally try to align my comments and our hearts to our fellow neighbor. It has to start with specific items highlighted in each publication. This with a desire to listen, to understand, and to be tolerant time, however, I want to return to the theme “living our of different points of view and a desire to be reasonable, Principles,” which I touched upon in a previous article. As patient and respectful.” you may recall, I attempted to outline and describe how Kelly concludes that it is the diversity of Southwest’s utilization of the Four Founding Principles could help people and “treating others like you would want to be undergraduates make good decisions and build better treated” that has made the organization successful. In a men. It occurred to me that the application of our values similar way, Stephen Covey’s widely read “Seven Habits of to undergraduates only is too limiting. These Principles are Highly Effective People” takes a “values-based” approach to indeed critical for each of us at this particularly turbulent organizational success. time in our society. For DU to be a successful organization, we too, must As I was flying back recently from the Delta Upsilon be able to work effectively with our varied constituents: International Fraternity Board of Directors meeting in undergraduates, parents, alumni, higher education Arizona, I glanced through the February 2017 edition professionals, etc. -
Muonium Gravity Seminar Wichita-6-17
Antimatter Gravity MICE-U.S. Plans withDaniel Muons M. Kaplan US Spokesperson, MICE Collaboration Daniel M. Kaplan Physics Seminar WichitaMuTAC State Review Univ. June Fermilab16, 2017 16–17 March, 2006 Outline • Dramatis Personae • A Bit of History - antimatter, the baryon asymmetry of the universe, and all that... • The Ideas, The Issues, The Opportunities • Required R&D • Conclusions Our story’s a bit complicated, so please bear with me! ...and stop me if you have a question! D. M. Kaplan, IIT An#ma&er Gravity Seminar 2/41 Matter & Energy • After many decades of experimentation with subatomic particles, we now know whatDramatis everything is made of... Personae Baryons & antibaryons : p== uud & p uud ΛΛ==uds & uds ... Mesons : K00== ds & K ds B00== db & B db B+ == ub & B− ub ... ∓ ∓ ∓ Leptons : e , µ , τ , ν’s D. M. Kaplan, IIT An#ma&er Gravity Seminar 3/41 Matter & Energy • After many decades of experimentation with subatomic particles, we now know whatDramatis everything is made of... Personae “Imperfect mirror” Baryons & antibaryons : Antip== uud & p uud ΛΛ==uds & uds ... Mesons : Anti K00== ds & K ds B00== db & B db Anti B+ == ub & B− ub ... Antimatter Leptons : e∓, µ∓, τ∓, ν’s • And, don’t forget: antimatter and matter annihilate on contact D. M. Kaplan, IIT An#ma&er Gravity Seminar 3/41 Outline • Dramatis Personae ➡ • A Bit of History - antimatter, the baryon asymmetry of the universe, and all that... • The Ideas, The Issues, The Opportunities • Muonium Gravity Experiment • Required R&D • Conclusions D. M. Kaplan, IIT An#ma&er Gravity Seminar 4/41 Our story begins with.. -
A Hidden Treasure on Computer Science Pre-History in Pisa: the CSCE Collection
Parallel Session Biagioni and Giannini A Hidden Treasure on Computer Science Pre-History in Pisa: the CSCE Collection Stefania Biagioni and Silvia Giannini, ISTI-CNR, Institute for the Science and Technologies of Information, National Research Council, Italy Abstract The collection of the Center for the Study of Electronic Computers (CSCE) contains the scientific documentation produced by the staff and associate members of the Center. The CSCE was established by the University of Pisa with the specific purpose of designing and building the first electronic computer entirely built in Italy: the CEP, standing for “Pisan Electronic Computer”. In recent times we have carried out the analysis, the description and the digitization of these historical documents, stored in paper copy at our library, and turned them into an Open Access digital archive freely available at http://csce.isti.cnr.it/. The most important historical events The history of the CSCE started at the beginning of the ‘50s, when the municipal and provincial administrations of Pisa, Lucca and Livorno granted the University of Pisa a significant amount of money (150 million liras) to be used for the realization of an important scientific device. The original idea was to build an electrosynchrotron. The studies about the construction of this electrosynchrotron began in February 1953 at the Institute of Physics of the University of Pisa, and were about to finish when a bid by the University of Rome, one of the project partners, to have the project transferred to Frascati, near Rome, was accepted; this transfer meant that the amount originally granted to the University of Pisa became available for a new project. -
Sensitivity Physics. D KAONS, Or
A PERIODICAL OF PARTICLE PHYSICS WINTER 1995 VOL. 25, NUMBER 4 Editors RENE DONALDSON, BILL KIRK Contributing Editor MICHAEL RIORDAN Editorial Advisory Board JAMES BJORKEN, GEORGE BROWN, ROBERT N. CAHN, DAVID HITLIN, JOEL PRIMACK, NATALIE ROE, ROBERT SIEMANN Illustrations page 4 TERRY ANDERSON Distribution CRYSTAL TILGHMAN The Beam Line is published quarterly by the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, PO Box 4349, Stanford, CA 94309. Telephone: (415) 926-2585 INTERNET: [email protected] FAX: (415) 926-4500 Issues of the Beam Line are accessible electronically on uayc ou the World Wide Web at http://www.slac.stanford.edu/ pubs/beamline/beamline.html SLAC is operated by Stanford University under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy. The opinions of the authors do not necessarily reflect the policy of the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. Cover: Martin Perl (left) and Frederick Reines (center) receive the 1995 Nobel Prize in physics from His Majesty the King of Sweden at the awards ceremony last December. (Photograph courtesy of Joseph Peri) Printed on recycled paper tj) . CONTENTS FEATURES "We conclude that the signature e-/. events cannot be explained either by the production and decay of any presently known particles 4 Discovery of the Tau or as coming from any of the well- THE ROLE OF MOTIVATION & understood interactions which can TECHNOLOGY IN EXPERIMENTAL conventionally lead to an e and a PARTICLE PHYSICS gu in the final state. A possible ex- One of this year's Nobel Prize in physics planation for these events is the recipients describes the discovery production and decay of a pair of of the tau lepton in his 1975 new particles, each having a mass SLAC experiment. -
Modern Physics, the Nature of the Interaction Between Particles Is Carried a Step Further
44.1 Some Properties of Nuclei 1385 are the same, apart from the additional repulsive Coulomb force for the proton– U(r ) (MeV) proton interaction. 40 Evidence for the limited range of nuclear forces comes from scattering experi- n–p system ments and from studies of nuclear binding energies. The short range of the nuclear 20 force is shown in the neutron–proton (n–p) potential energy plot of Figure 44.3a 0 r (fm) obtained by scattering neutrons from a target containing hydrogen. The depth of 1 567432 8 the n–p potential energy well is 40 to 50 MeV, and there is a strong repulsive com- Ϫ20 ponent that prevents the nucleons from approaching much closer than 0.4 fm. Ϫ40 The nuclear force does not affect electrons, enabling energetic electrons to serve as point-like probes of nuclei. The charge independence of the nuclear force also Ϫ60 means that the main difference between the n–p and p–p interactions is that the a p–p potential energy consists of a superposition of nuclear and Coulomb interactions as shown in Figure 44.3b. At distances less than 2 fm, both p–p and n–p potential The difference in the two curves energies are nearly identical, but for distances of 2 fm or greater, the p–p potential is due to the large Coulomb has a positive energy barrier with a maximum at 4 fm. repulsion in the case of the proton–proton interaction. The existence of the nuclear force results in approximately 270 stable nuclei; hundreds of other nuclei have been observed, but they are unstable. -
The Federal Government: a Nobel Profession
The Federal Government: A Nobel Profession A Report on Pathbreaking Nobel Laureates in Government 1901 - 2002 INTRODUCTION The Nobel Prize is synonymous with greatness. A list of Nobel Prize winners offers a quick register of the world’s best and brightest, whose accomplishments in literature, economics, medicine, science and peace have enriched the lives of millions. Over the past century, 270 Americans have received the Nobel Prize for innovation and ingenuity. Approximately one-fourth of these distinguished individuals are, or were, federal employees. Their Nobel contributions have resulted in the eradication of polio, the mapping of the human genome, the harnessing of atomic energy, the achievement of peace between nations, and advances in medicine that not only prolong our lives, but “This report should serve improve their quality. as an inspiration and a During Public Employees Recognition Week (May 4-10, 2003), in an effort to recognize and honor the reminder to us all of the ideas and accomplishments of federal workers past and present, the Partnership for Public Service offers innovation and nobility of this report highlighting 50 American Nobel laureates the work civil servants do whose award-winning achievements occurred while they served in government or whose public service every day and its far- work had an impact on their career achievements. They were honored for their contributions in the fields reaching impact.” of Physiology or Medicine, Economic Sciences, and Physics and Chemistry. Also included are five Americans whose work merited the Peace Prize. Despite this legacy of accomplishment, too few Americans see the federal government as an incubator for innovation and discovery. -
OCR Document
Curriculum vitae prof. Sergio P. Ratti Sergio P. Ratti was born in Garlate (Lecco) sept. 5th 1934. Married to Amelia Corinna Aimi Sons. Alessandro G.G. born aug. 6th, 1962, in Evanston Ill. USA Michele, born jan 30th 1965, in Milano, Italy Scientifc High School in Milano. BS 1953 Laurea in Physics, University of Milano 1957 Qualification in General Physics, 1963. Career: Since nov 1st 1972: Full Professor in Experimental Physics; University of Pavia Dean of the Graduate School in Physics (since 1981) Dean Graduate Schools of the University: (1981-1990) + 2006 - Assistant professor University of Milano 1958-1959 Associate professor University of Milano 1960-1972. Research associate Northwestern University, Evanston 1961-1962 Visiting professor Northwestern University 1966 Oxford University 1976 Rutgers State University of New Jersey; 1979 Permanent visiting scientist: CERN, Geneva, 1970-71 Visiting scientist: CERN, Geneva (since 1965) FERMILAB, (since 1979). Awards: Giovanni Gentile jr. prize for Physics: 1958 Angelo Della Riccia (Italo-Suisse foundation) price for Phyiscs: 1971 Medal of merit: Italian Physical Society: 2005 Membership: Italian Physical Society European Physical Society American Geosciences Union Ministero dell’Istruzione Università e Ricerca (MIUR): National University Council (CUN): Member (1997-2006) and member of the Disciplinary Court (2006). European Academy for Economic and Cultural Relations. Editing: Director of the Journal Scientifica Acta Director of the serie “Fisica e Scienze esatte” (Ed. Franco Angeli, Milano -
A Nature of Science Guided Approach to the Physics Teaching of Cosmic Rays
A Nature of Science guided approach to the physics teaching of Cosmic Rays Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktorin der Philosophie (Dr. phil. { Doctor philosophiae) eingereicht am Fachbereich 4 Mathematik, Naturwissenschaften, Wirtschaft & Informatik der Universit¨atHildesheim vorgelegt von Rosalia Madonia geboren am 20. August 1961 in Palermo 2018 Schwerpunkt der Arbeit: Didaktik der Physik Tag der Disputation: 21 Januar 2019 Dekan: Prof. Dr. M. Sauerwein 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Ute Kraus 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Peter Grabmayr ii Abstract This thesis focuses on cosmic rays and Nature of Science (NOS). The first aim of this work is to investigate whether the variegated aspects of cosmic ray research -from its historical development to the science topics addressed herein- can be used for a teaching approach with and about NOS. The efficacy of the NOS based teaching has been highlighted in many studies, aimed at developing innovative and more effective teaching strategies. The fil rouge that we propose unwinds through cosmic ray research, that with its century long history appears to be the perfect topic for a study of and through NOS. The second aim of the work is to find out what knowledge the pupils and students have regarding the many aspect of NOS. To this end we have designed, executed, and analyzed the outcomes of a sample-based investigation carried out with pupils and students in Palermo (Italy), T¨ubingenand Hildesheim (Germany), and constructed around an open-ended ques- tionnaire. The main goal is to study whether intrinsic differences between the German and Italian samples can be observed. The thesis is divided in three parts.