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Dictionary of National Biography Balam Balcanquhall Citizens Geneva but that measure and and Pye Smith ( Vindication of of number, magnitude his multitude, and are two from Statements, &c., 1825). Continuing | quantity quotity, scientific investigations, Bakewell published distinct species of one common genus.' ' his ' Salt Ixiii. 86, in (Phil Mag. reprinted [Algebra, preface, cf. p. 15.] F. Y. E. ' x. his Silliman's American Journal,' 180) ; ' ' at Ixiv. is men- Lava Boulogne (Phil. Mag. 414) ; BALATINE, ALAN (ft. 1560), ' ' iii. in his Thermal Waters of the Alps (ib. 14, tioned by Edward Hall the list of the in xx. his writers from whose works he com- also reprinted Silliman, 219) ; English * ' ' Mantell's Collection of Fossils at Lewes piled his Chronicle.' Pits on this account Nat. Hist. iii. and a third edition classes him as an (Mag. 9) ; Englishman, but, according ' ' of his Geology in 1828, immediately re- to Dempster, he was of Scotch origin, and, printed in America. At that date Bakewell after studying privately, went to Germany, had settled at Harnpstead, where his garden where he completed his education, and also ' afforded him the opportunity of writing on taught in the gymnasiums. He wrote De ' ' ' l the action of the Pollen of Plants (Mag. Astrolabio,' De Terrse Mensura,' and Chro- Nat. Hist. ii. 1), and where he prepared the nicon Universale.' Dempster states that he ' ' following scientific papers : Organic Life,' flourished about 1560, but as Hall's Chro- 1831 (Phil. Mag. ix. 33, appearing also in nicle' was published in 1542, Balatine must ' ' ' Froriep's 'Notizen,' xxx. col. 134); Gold have written his Chronicon Universale at Mines in United States,' 1832 (Mag. Nat. least twenty years before 1560. He died in Hist. v. and ' Fossil in Nor- 434) ; Elephants Germany. 1835 ix. fourth of folk,' (ib. 37). A edition De 825 ' [Pits, Anglise Scriptoribus, p. ; the ' issued in Geology was 1833, which pro- Hist. Ecc. Gent. Scot. 100 Dempster's (1627), p. ; voked a criticism from Professor Sedgwick Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 66.] (Geol. Trans, iii. 472, 1835); it reached a fifth edition in 1838, and still has its readers BALCANQUHALL, WALTER (1548- and supporters of its theories. Bakewell died 1616), presbyteriau divine, derives his sur- at Downshire Hill, Hampstead, on 15 Aug. name originally from lands in the parish of 1843, aged 76 (Annual Register, 1843). Strathmiglo, Fifeshire. It is nearly certain that of the 'ilk' A list of Bakewell's fugitive productions Walter was of Balcanquhall, * that is in the Royal Society's Catalogue of Sci- and he was born there according to his at death in 1548 ' entific Papers,' 1867, p. 165, but it is in- age (cf. Sibbald's List correct. Three of the articles enumerated, of the Heritors' (1710) in History of Fife, * all three on Niagara,' are by one of the geo- appendix No. 2). logist's sons, also a Robert Bakewell. The Our earliest notice of him is that he was ' error is curious, because the geologist himself entered as minister of St. Giles, Edin- introduces this son to the scientific world in burgh,' on Whit Sunday 1574, when we learn ' r 1830, in the preface to the first of the three that he w as desyrit by other towns and ' papers in question (Mag. Nat. Hist. iii. 117). large stipend promist,' but yet he consented Robert Bakewell the younger became a resi- to stay and accept what they pleased.' At dent at New Haven, America, whence he this time he is described in James Melville's dated his second and third papers, 1847 'Diary' (p. 41, Wodrow Society) as 'ane and 1857. Another of the geologist's sons, honest, upright hearted young man, latlie * Frederick C. Bakewell, wrote Philosophical enterit to that menestrie of Edinbruche' ' Conversations,' 1833, and Natural Evidences [Edinburgh]. He was elected to the chap- of a Future Life/ 1835, both of which passed laincy of the Altar called Jesus, 20 Nov. through several editions. 1579. Having preached a memorable ser- directed the influence [Poggendorff 's Biographisch - litterarisches mon, mainly against Handworterbuch Donaldson's of the French at 7 Dec. he was ; Agricultural Dic- court, 1580, and the authorities called before the council on the tionary ; cited in the article.] privy 9th, ' J.H. and discharged.' He attended the Earl of Morton while in prison under condemnation, BALAM, RICHARD (ft. 1653), mathe- 2 June 1581. When James VI of Scotland was the author of ' or matician, Algebra, the devised his scheme of re-establishing 'the Doctrine of ' composing, inferring, and resolv- bishops in Scotland, he found Balcanquhall, an ' ing Equation (1653). There seems to be along with James Lawson, Robert Pont, and in nothing original this work but a multitude Andrew Melville, and their like-minded of terms which have with perished their in- brethren, in active opposition. On the calling ventor. The following sentence may be worth together of the estates of the realm in 1584, 'It seems quoting: probable to" me that the king sent an imperative message to the is not the true ' quantity genus of number; magistrates of Edinburgh to seize and im- Balcanquhall Balcanquhall prison any of the ministers who should ven- general assembly of 1602. In conjunction ture to speak against the proceedings of the with Robert Poiit, he again took his stand parliament.' But Balcanquhall (along with at the cross, and publicly protested in name ' ' r James Lawson) preached fearlessly against of the kirk against the A erdict of assize the and with Pont and the brethren who met in as- proposals ; along finding general others took his stand at the cross while the sembly at Aberdeen guilty of treason. Later, heralds proclaimed the acts passed by the sub- for condemning the proceedings of the gene- ' servient parliament, and publicly protested ral assembly in 1610 he was summoned before and took instruments' in the name of the the privy council and admonished. He ceased ' ' kirk of Scotland against them. The sermon preaching on 16 July 1616 from a disease in was delivered on 24 May. A warrant was his teeth, and died 1 4 Aug. following, in the issued, and Balcanquhall and Lawson fled sixty-eighth year of his age and forty-third to Berwick-on-Tweed (MELVILLE, Diary, of his ministry. p. 119). He married Margaret, a daughter of James The storm blew his house in i merchant in of over, though Marjoribanks, ; right whom Parliament was to another in he had become and brother' of Square given j 'burgess good the interval. On his return to Edinburgh, a i the city (15 Feb. 1591). They had three house formerly occupied by Durie was given sons, Walter [see BALCANQUHALL, WALTEK, to him (1585). On 2 Jan. 1586 he preached 1586 P-1645], Robert, minister of Tranent, ' before the king in the great kirk of Edin- and Samuel, and a daughter Rachel. ' ' burgh [St. Giles] when the sovereign after Counc. [Reg. Assig. Presby. ; Edinburgh Reg. ; sermon rebuikit Mr. Walter from publiclie Hew Scott's Fasti Ecclesise Scoticanse, i. pt. i. his seat in the loaft and said he [gallery] 5-6, 31; Brace's Sermons ; Balfour's Historical would there sould be Works Sterens's of Heriot [the king] prove ; Mem. ; Boke of the bishops and spiritual! magistrate endued ; Kirke; Crauford's Univ. of Edinburgh; Murray's with authoritie over the minestrie and that Life of A. B. Q-. ; Rutherford.] he [Balcanquhall] did not his dutie to con- ' demn that which he had done in parliament BALCANQUHALL, WALTER, D.D. (MELVILLE, Diary, p. 491). In this year (1586 P-1645), royalist, son of the Rev. (1586) he is found one of eight to whom was Walter Balcanquhall [q. v.], who steadfastly committed the discipline of Lothian by the opposed episcopacy, was born in Edinburgh ' general assembly. A larger house, which 'about 1586' the year of his father's re- ' had been formerly occupied by his colleague buke by King James. Convinced, it has "Watson, was assigned to him 28 July 1587, been alleged, by the arguments in favour of and his stipend augmented. He was ap- bishops maintained by the sovereign, he pro- pointed to attend the coronation of Queen ceeded to the university of Edinburgh with Anne, 17 May 1590. For some years he seems a purpose ultimately to take orders in the to have been wholly occupied with his pulpit ; church of In 1609 he ' England. graduated and pastoral work. In 1596, however, his M.A. He afterwards removed to Oxford, bold utterances again brought him into con- entering at Pembroke College. He passed flict with the but a warrant and was admitted a fellow on 8 sovereign ; having B.D., Sept. been again issued, again he escaped this time 1611. He was appointed one of the king's ' ' to Yorkshire, after being put to the horn as chaplains, and in 1617 he received the a fugitive. He appears to have been absent mastership of the Savoy, London. In 1618 from December 1596 to April or May 1597. James sent him to the synod of Dort. His ' In May 1597 he resigned his 'great charge letters from that famous synod, which were of St. Giles in order to admit of new addressed to Sir are paro- Dudley Carleton, pre- chial ' divisions of the city. In July he was served in John Hales's Golden Remains.' permitted to return, and was chosen 'mi- Before proceeding to Dort the university of ' nister of Trinity College Church, to which Oxford conferred upon him the degree of he was admitted 18 April 1598. He was D.D. In March 1624 he obtained the deanery the friend and companion of the Rev.
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