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Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Scaled Hypersonic Re-Entry Vehicles
Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Scaled Hypersonic Re-Entry Vehicles A project presented to The Faculty of the Department of Aerospace Engineering San Jose State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Aerospace Engineering by Simon H.B. Sorensen March 2019 approved by Dr. Periklis Papadopoulous Faculty Advisor 1 i ABSTRACT With the advancement of technology in space, reusable re-entry space planes have become a focus point with their ability to save materials and utilize existing flight data. Their ability to not only supply materials to space stations or deploy satellites, but also in atmosphere flight makes them versatile in their deployment and recovery. The existing design of vehicles such as the Space Shuttle Orbiter and X-37 Orbital Test Vehicle can be used to observe the effects of scaling existing vehicle geometry and how it would operate in identical conditions to the full-size vehicle. These scaled vehicles, if viable, would provide additional options depending on mission parameters without losing the advantages of reusable re-entry space planes. 2 Table of Contents Abstract . i Nomenclature . .1 1. Introduction. .1 2. Literature Review. 2 2.1 Space Shuttle Orbiter. 2 2.2 X-37 Orbital Test Vehicle. 3 3. Assumptions & Equations. 3 3.1 Assumptions. 3 3.2 Equations to Solve. 4 4. Methodology. 5 5. Base Sized Vehicles. 5 5.1 Space Shuttle Orbiter. 5 5.2 X-37. 9 6. Scaled Vehicles. 11 7. Simulations. 12 7.1 Initial Conditions. 12 7.2 Initial Test Utilizing X-37. .13 7.3 X-37 OTV. -
Overview of Dream Chaser Space Vehicle
Overview of Dream Chaser Space Vehicle 2018 Exploration Masters Contest © 2018 Sierra Nevada Corporation 1 Sierra Nevada Corporation’s Space Systems A Legacy of Flight Heritage and Innovation Proven Experience • 30 year of spaceflight heritage • 450 space missions supported • 4,000 products delivered on-orbit • Launching products ~every 3 weeks • 70+ successful NASA missions • Supplier to nearly all flagship and interplanetary NASA missions • Providing cargo services to the International Space Station under NASA resupply contract © 2018 Sierra Nevada Corporation 2 Dream Chaser Space Vehicle • Only runway-landing Space Vehicle actively in development • Capable of landing at spaceports and airports that can accommodate large commercial planes Credit: NASA • Crewed or uncrewed transportation to and from Low Crewed Dream Chaser Earth Orbit (LEO) • Non-toxic propulsion for launch abort, orbital translations, attitude control, deorbit • < 1.5g re-entry profile and >1,500 km cross-range capability • Designed to launch on a variety of launch vehicles Uncrewed Dream Chaser © 2018 Sierra Nevada Corporation 3 © 2018 Sierra Nevada Corporation 4 4 History: Dream Chaser Program • 1982-84: ½ scale Russian BOR-4 orbital flights • Recovery photographed by Australian Royal Air Force P-3 Orion aircraft • 1983-95: NASA Langley development of HL-20 (based on BOR-4 images) • 2005-10: SpaceDev (later acquired by SNC) modified the HL-20 into the Dream Chaser spacecraft • 2010-14: SNC awarded NASA’s CCDev 1, CCDev2, CCiCap and CPC contracts to continue development -
A Pictorial History of Rockets
he mighty space rockets of today are the result A Pictorial Tof more than 2,000 years of invention, experi- mentation, and discovery. First by observation and inspiration and then by methodical research, the History of foundations for modern rocketry were laid. Rockets Building upon the experience of two millennia, new rockets will expand human presence in space back to the Moon and Mars. These new rockets will be versatile. They will support Earth orbital missions, such as the International Space Station, and off- world missions millions of kilometers from home. Already, travel to the stars is possible. Robotic spacecraft are on their way into interstellar space as you read this. Someday, they will be followed by human explorers. Often lost in the shadows of time, early rocket pioneers “pushed the envelope” by creating rocket- propelled devices for land, sea, air, and space. When the scientific principles governing motion were discovered, rockets graduated from toys and novelties to serious devices for commerce, war, travel, and research. This work led to many of the most amazing discoveries of our time. The vignettes that follow provide a small sampling of stories from the history of rockets. They form a rocket time line that includes critical developments and interesting sidelines. In some cases, one story leads to another, and in others, the stories are inter- esting diversions from the path. They portray the inspirations that ultimately led to us taking our first steps into outer space. NASA’s new Space Launch System (SLS), commercial launch systems, and the rockets that follow owe much of their success to the accomplishments presented here. -
1 Newspace International
www.newspaceinternational.com NewSpace International - May/June 2019 1 2 NewSpace International - May/June 2019 www.newspaceinternational.com #EDITOR #ROBOTS #LEARNING #MACHINES Dr Amy Saunders Editor Technology is coming on in leaps and bounds right now, and the world is transforming into an entirely new place right before our eyes. Today’s advances in robotics are astounding – and we can fully expect to see robotic digital assistants playing a role within the satellite sector within the years to come – but what’s equally fascinating is the way that humans respond to these robots. Many of us will have seen the 2004 movie ‘I, Robot,’ in which protagonist Will Smith is inherently distrustful of robots after one rescued him from drowning over his son (due to relative probabilities of survival), leading to the death of a small child. The film brought certain key issues in the field of psychology and robotics to the forefront of our imaginations that have since been addressed in numerous experiments and studies. A recent experiment published in the PLOS ONE journal has shown that people are susceptible to social cues even when those cues come from robots, rather than other humans. Some 89 volunteers were recruited to complete tasks with the help of a small humanoid robot called Nao. The volunteers were informed that the tasks – which involved answering a series of either/or questions such as ‘Do you prefer pasta or pizza?’ were designed to enhance Nao’s learning algorithms. However, the real test came at the end of the study, when the volunteers were asked to turn off Nao. -
The New American Space Age: a Progress Report on Human Spaceflight the New American Space Age: a Progress Report on Human Spaceflight the International Space
The New American Space Age: A PROGRESS REPORT ON HUMAN SpaCEFLIGHT The New American Space Age: A Progress Report on Human Spaceflight The International Space Station: the largest international scientific and engineering achievement in human history. The New American Space Age: A Progress Report on Human Spaceflight Lately, it seems the public cannot get enough of space! The recent hit movie “Gravity” not only won 7 Academy Awards – it was a runaway box office success, no doubt inspiring young future scientists, engineers and mathematicians just as “2001: A Space Odyssey” did more than 40 years ago. “Cosmos,” a PBS series on the origins of the universe from the 1980s, has been updated to include the latest discoveries – and funded by a major television network in primetime. And let’s not forget the terrific online videos of science experiments from former International Space Station Commander Chris Hadfield that were viewed by millions of people online. Clearly, the American public is eager to carry the torch of space exploration again. Thankfully, NASA and the space industry are building a host of new vehicles that will do just that. American industry is hard at work developing new commercial transportation services to suborbital altitudes and even low Earth orbit. NASA and the space industry are also building vehicles to take astronauts beyond low Earth orbit for the first time since the Apollo program. Meanwhile, in the U.S. National Lab on the space station, unprecedented research in zero-g is paving the way for Earth breakthroughs in genetics, gerontology, new vaccines and much more. -
![ミルスペース 140730------[What’S New in Virtual Library?]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/4006/140730-what-s-new-in-virtual-library-914006.webp)
ミルスペース 140730------[What’S New in Virtual Library?]
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -ミルスペース 140730- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - [What’s New in Virtual Library?] AW&ST Aviation Week & Space Technology Inside GNSS 140714AWST_Contents.pdf, Cover.jpg 1405&06InsideGNSS_Contents.pdf, Cover.jpg [What’s New in Reaｌ Library?] InsideGNSS May/June2014 収蔵。 [謝辞] JAXA 宇宙科学研より ISAS News 2014.7 No.400 寄贈、感謝。 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Jul. 30, 2014 (Wed.) mainichi.jp 米国は中国が衛星攻撃ミサイルをテストしたと述べる U.S. says China tested anti-satellite missile WASHINGTON (AP) -- The U.S. says China has tested a missile sustainability of the outer-space environment that all nations designed to destroy satellites and is urging Beijing to refrain from depend upon. China's state-run Xinhua (shihn-wah) news agency, destabilizing actions. State Department spokeswoman Marie Harf citing a Defense Ministry statement, reported a successful said the "non-destructive" test occurred Wednesday. She said a missile interception test conducted from land within Chinese previous destructive test of the system in 2007 created territory late Wednesday. Xinhua did not refer to it as an thousands of pieces of dangerous debris in space. Harf said anti-satellite system. It said such tests could strengthen Friday that the continued development and testing of destructive Chinese air defense against ballistic missiles. July 26, 2014(Mainichi anti-satellite systems threaten the long-term security and Japan) http://mainichi.jp/english/english/newsselect/news/20140726p2g00m0in022000c.html -
Nasa's Commercial Crew Development
NASA’S COMMERCIAL CREW DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM: ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND CHALLENGES HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED TWELFTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 26, 2011 Serial No. 112–46 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://science.house.gov U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 70–800PDF WASHINGTON : 2011 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY HON. RALPH M. HALL, Texas, Chair F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas Wisconsin JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California DANA ROHRABACHER, California ZOE LOFGREN, California ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland BRAD MILLER, North Carolina FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma DANIEL LIPINSKI, Illinois JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois GABRIELLE GIFFORDS, Arizona W. TODD AKIN, Missouri DONNA F. EDWARDS, Maryland RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas MARCIA L. FUDGE, Ohio MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas BEN R. LUJA´ N, New Mexico PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia PAUL D. TONKO, New York SANDY ADAMS, Florida JERRY MCNERNEY, California BENJAMIN QUAYLE, Arizona JOHN P. SARBANES, Maryland CHARLES J. ‘‘CHUCK’’ FLEISCHMANN, TERRI A. SEWELL, Alabama Tennessee FREDERICA S. WILSON, Florida E. SCOTT RIGELL, Virginia HANSEN CLARKE, Michigan STEVEN M. PALAZZO, Mississippi VACANCY MO BROOKS, Alabama ANDY HARRIS, Maryland RANDY HULTGREN, Illinois CHIP CRAVAACK, Minnesota LARRY BUCSHON, Indiana DAN BENISHEK, Michigan VACANCY (II) C O N T E N T S Wednesday, October 26, 2011 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................ -
“From HL-20 to Dream Chaser” the Long Story of a Little Spaceplane
“From HL-20 to Dream Chaser” The Long story of a little spaceplane Giuseppe De Chiara 19.11. 2012 All the drawings are copyright of the author Foreword (1/2) It’s not an easy task to track down the history of the development of the actual Dream Chaser spaceplane, since it started with Russian efforts almost 50 years ago. In origin, Russians started (as Americans) a lot of studies regarding lifting bodies as spacecraft’s architecture. In particular they launched the ambitious project Spiral OS 50/50 as response to the Boeing X-20 Dyna Soar, essentially it was a TSTO with a large Mach 4 mothership (to be developed by Sukhoi OKB) and a small single seat spaceplane launched atop (to be developed by MiG OKB). For the Spiral OS spacecraft Russians studied a peculiar lifting body configuration dubbed “Lapot” (a Russian term that means “wooden shoe” since the shape resembled it). As often happened in the history of US-USSR aerospace confrontation the withdraw of X-20 program (in 1963) didn’t ceased the Russian effort on its counterpart, even as low priority program. During the 70’s MiG OKB realized one full scale test demonstrator called MiG105-11 and tested it several times launched by a Tupolev Tu-95. During the first part of 80’s the Lapot concretized into a real spacecraft with the advent of the Bor-4 subscale unmanned program as forerunner for the ongoing Buran OS. The Bor-4 performed 4 spaceflights between 1982 and 1984, in particular the first flights were spotted by Australian P-3 Orion aircrafts made available to Western analyzer a lot of photos regarding this brand new spacecraft. -
Exploring Space
EXPLORING SPACE: Opening New Frontiers Past, Present, and Future Space Launch Activities at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and NASA’s John F. Kennedy Space Center EXPLORING SPACE: OPENING NEW FRONTIERS Dr. Al Koller COPYRIGHT © 2016, A. KOLLER, JR. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced without the written consent of the copyright holder Library of Congress Control Number: 2016917577 ISBN: 978-0-9668570-1-6 e3 Company Titusville, Florida http://www.e3company.com 0 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Foreword …………………………………………………………………………2 Dedications …………………………………………………………………...…3 A Place of Canes and Reeds……………………………………………….…4 Cape Canaveral and The Eastern Range………………………………...…7 Early Missile Launches ...……………………………………………….....9-17 Explorer 1 – First Satellite …………………….……………………………...18 First Seven Astronauts ………………………………………………….……20 Mercury Program …………………………………………………….……23-27 Gemini Program ……………………………………………..….…………….28 Air Force Titan Program …………………………………………………..29-30 Apollo Program …………………………………………………………....31-35 Skylab Program ……………………………………………………………….35 Space Shuttle Program …………………………………………………..36-40 Evolved Expendable Launch Program ……………………………………..41 Constellation Program ………………………………………………………..42 International Space Station ………………………………...………………..42 Cape Canaveral Spaceport Today………………………..…………………43 ULA – Atlas V, Delta IV ………………………………………………………44 Boeing X-37B …………………………………………………………………45 SpaceX Falcon 1, Falcon 9, Dragon Capsule .………….........................46 Boeing CST-100 Starliner …………………………………………………...47 Sierra -
Space Exploration
SPACE EXPLORATION Jennifer F. Nemeth, Ph.D. Dates (Zoom Meetings) Pack 408, Troop 542 Thursday, May 14 (7:00-8:30 PM) Merit Badge Counselor Sunday, May 17 (10:00-11:30 AM) Paul Schlosser Wednesday, May 27 (4:00-5:00), Troop 1 attendance optional Merit Badge Counselor Thursday, May 28 (7:00-8:30 PM) https://blog.mendeley.com/2018/01/23/insights-into-the-national-aeronautics-and- Saturday, May 30 (10:00-11:30) space-administration-nasa-grant-research-funding/ SPACE EXPLORATION Jennifer F. Nemeth, Ph.D. Pack 408, Troop 542 Merit Badge Counselor Paul Schlosser Troop 1 Merit Badge Counselor https://blog.mendeley.com/2018/01/23/insights-into-the-national-aeronautics-and- space-administration-nasa-grant-research-funding/ Your Merit Badge Counselors: Jennifer F. Nemeth-Seay, Ph.D. [email protected] Attended Space Academy ▪ Degrees in Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry ▪ Space Exploration Enthusiast for 40+ years ▪ Grew up during the Shuttle Program years ▪ First Year Space Exploration Merit Badge Counselor Space Camp Contest….1988 “Where the IS will be in space exploration in the year 2000” At the dawning of the year 2000, Liberty, the first manned spaceship to leave the confines of Earth’s gravity, is preparing to leave the docking bay of the U.S. space station “Taurus I” for its maiden voyage to Mars. The craft will fly at speeds close to that of speeds close to that of light. I hope to be on that ship with its elite March 1989, 10th Grade crew from nations all over the world to explore the universe beyond Earth. -
ISS Interface Mechanisms and Their Lineage
ISS Interface Mechanisms and their Heritage The International Space Station, by nurturing technological development of a variety of pressurized and unpressurized interface mechanisms fosters “competition at the technology level”. Such redundancy and diversity allows for the development and testing of mechanisms that might be used for future exploration efforts. The International Space Station, as a test-bed for exploration, has 4 types of pressurized interfaces between elements and 6 unpressurized attachment mechanisms. Lessons learned from the design, test and operations of these mechanisms will help inform the design for a new international standard pressurized docking mechanism for the NASA Docking System. This paper will examine the attachment mechanisms on the ISS and their attributes. It will also look ahead at the new NASA docking system and trace its lineage to heritage mechanisms. ISS Interface Mechanisms and their Heritage John Cook1, Valery Aksamentov2, Thomas Hoffman3, and Wes Bruner4 The Boeing Company, 13100 Space Center Boulevard, Houston, Texas, 77059 The International Space Station, by requiring technological development of a variety of pressurized and unpressurized interface mechanisms fosters “competition at the technology level”. Such redundancy and diversity allows for the development and testing of mechanisms that might be used for future exploration efforts. The International Space Station, as a test-bed for exploration, has four types of pressurized interfaces between elements and nine unpressurized attachment mechanisms. Lessons learned from the design, test and operations of these mechanisms will aid in the design for a new International Standard pressurized docking mechanism for future NASA and commercial vehicles. This paper will examine the attachment mechanisms on the ISS and their attributes. -
Manned Space Flight Applications Glenair Discrete Interconnect Designs and Technologies Have Been a Part of Manned Space Flight for These Past 50+ Years
GLENAIR • JANUARY 2021 • VOLUME 25 • NUMBER 1 for Manned Space Behind-the-scenes at Glenair GSS, Salem GER PLUS an in-depth look at INTERCONNECT TECHNOLOGY Flight space radiation 50+ Years of GLENAIR Crewed-Flight Interconnect A Select History of Glenair Connectors and Backshells Design History in Manned Space Flight Applications Glenair discrete interconnect designs and technologies have been a part of manned space flight for these past 50+ years. And, as mentioned, we have demonstrated capability in-house to integrate our many unique and signature interconnect technologies into turnkey systems and assemblies. In each of the following examples, Glenair performed exactly in this manner, acting not merely as a supplier, but as an application engineering and design partner to these landmark programs. Glass-Sealed Hermetics for the X-38 Crew Return Vehicle Glenair supplied specialized glass-sealed hermetic connectors to The X-38 program, an experimental autonomous spacecraft designed and built for the purposes of shuttling space crew back to Earth in an orbital emergency. The X-38 Glenair has been an essential go-to supplier and design partner for Crew Return Vehicle hermetically-sealed connectors on space flight programs since the 1980s. < Hermetic sealing available in circular and rectangular packages Glenair: The Most Trusted QwikClamp® Backshells for the International Space Station The Glenair QwikClamp® backshell was purpose-designed for use on the ISS. Name in Manned Space Select parts were gold plated for resistance to atomic oxygen corrosion and radiation damage, others were supplied in our “M” code electroless nickel plating. All designs were equipped with a unique strain relief clamp that eliminated sharp surfaces and angles to prevent Connectors and Cables potential damage to astronaut life support space suits and lenair’s history of interconnect innovation for manned space Commander Ed White’s “Golden gloves.