Un Dominio De Internet Es Una Red De Identificación Asociada a Un Grupo De Disposi Tivos O Equipos Conectados a La Red Internet

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Un Dominio De Internet Es Una Red De Identificación Asociada a Un Grupo De Disposi Tivos O Equipos Conectados a La Red Internet Un dominio de Internet es una red de identificación asociada a un grupo de disposi tivos o equipos conectados a la red Internet. El propósito principal de los nombres de dominio en Internet y del sistema de nomb res de dominio (DNS), es traducir las direcciones IP de cada nodo activo en la r ed, a términos memorizables y fáciles de encontrar. Esta abstracción hace posible que cualquier servicio (de red) pueda moverse de un lugar geográfico a otro en la red Internet, aún cuando el cambio implique que tendrá una dirección IP diferente.1 Sin la ayuda del sistema de nombres de dominio, los usuarios de Internet tendrían que acceder a cada servicio web utilizando la dirección IP del modo (por ejemplo, sería necesario utilizar http://192.0.32.10 en vez de http://example.com). Además, r educiría el número de webs posibles, ya que actualmente es habitual que una misma di rección IP sea compartida por varios dominios. Dominios de nivel superior[editar] Cuando se creó el Sistema de Nombres de Dominio en los años 1980, el espacio de nomb res se dividió en dos grupos. El primero incluye los dominios territoriales, basad os en los dos caracteres de identificación de cada territorio de acuerdo a las abr eviaciones del ISO-3166 (ej. *.do, *.mx), denominados ccTLD (country code top le vel domain o «dominio de nivel superior geográfico»). El segundo grupo incluye dominio s de nivel superior genéricos (gTLD), que representan una serie de nombres y multi organizaciones. Inicialmente, estos dominios fueron: COM, NET, ORG, EDU, GOB y M IL, a los que posteriormente se unieron otros. Los dominios basados en ccTLD son administrados por organizaciones sin fines de lucro en cada país, delegada por la IANA y o ICANN para la administración de los dom inios territoriales El crecimiento de Internet ha implicado la creación de nuevos dominios gTLD. A may o de 2012, existen 22 gTLD y 293 ccTLD.2 Dominios ccTLD asignados[editar] La lista de dominios de nivel superior pueden encontrarse en el anexo. Ejemplos de nombres de dominio de nivel superior[editar] .ac, para servicios de Isla Ascensión, pero usado también para personas con título pro fesional o académico, o que estén acreditados por un instituto u organización comercia l o instituciones académicas. .ar, para servicios de Flag of Argentina.svg Argentina .at, para servicios de Austria .asia, la región de Asia .au, para servicios de Australia .be, para servicios de Bélgica .biz previsto para ser usado en negocios. .bo, para servicios de Bolivia .br, para servicios de Brasil .ca, para servicios de Canadá .cat, para páginas relacionadas con la cultura e idioma catalán. .cc, para servicios Islas Cocos .ch, para servicios de Suiza .cl, para servicios de Chile .co, para servicios de Colombia .cn, para servicios de China .com, son los dominios más extendidos en el mundo. Sirven para cualquier tipo de pág ina web, temática. .cr, para servicios de Costa Rica .cu, para servicios de Cuba .de, para servicios de Alemania .dk, para servicios de Dinamarca .do, para servicios de República Dominicana .ec, para servicios de Ecuador .edu, para servicios de Educación .es, para servicios de España .eu, para países de Unión Europea .eus, para páginas relacionadas con la cultura e idioma euskaldun. .fi, para servicios de Finlandia .fm, para páginas de Micronesia, pero usado también para estaciones de radio de frec uencia modulada .fr, para servicios de Francia .fo, para servicios de Islas Feroe .gal, para páginas relacionadas con la cultura y lengua (Gallego). .gov y .gob, para gobierno y entidades públicas .gr, para servicios de Flag of Greece.svg Grecia .gt, para servicios de Flag of Guatemala.svg Guatemala .hn, para servicios de Bandera de Honduras Honduras .hr, para servicios de Bandera de Croacia Croacia .info, para información .int, para entidades internacionales, organizaciones como la Bandera de las Naci ones Unidas Organización de las Naciones Unidas .il, para servicios de Flag of Israel.svg Israel .it, para servicios de Flag of Italy.svg Italia .jobs, para departamentos de empleo y recursos humanos en empresas .jp, para servicios de Bandera de Japón Japón .kr, para servicios de Flag of South Korea.svg Corea del Sur .lat, la región de Latinoamérica .lu, para servicios de Flag of Luxembourg.svg Luxemburgo .ma, para servicios de Flag of Morocco.svg Marruecos .mil, para el Departamento de Defensa de los Estados Unidos (Único país con dominio de primer nivel para el ejército) .mobi, para empresas de telefonía móvil o servicios para móvil. .museum, para los museos .mx, para servicios de Flag of Mexico.svg México .ni, para compañías y servicios de Bandera de Nicaragua Nicaragua .no, para compañías y servicios de Bandera de Noruega Noruega .name, para nombres de personas .net, para infraestructura de red .nl, para páginas de Flag of the Netherlands.svg Países Bajos .nz, para páginas de Bandera de Nueva Zelanda Nueva Zelanda .org, para organizaciones .pa, para páginas de Flag of Panama.svg Panamá .pe, para páginas de Flag of Peru.svg Perú .pl, para páginas de Flag of Poland.svg Polonia .pro, para profesionales con una titulación universitaria. .pt, para servicios de Flag of Portugal.svg Portugal .py, para servicios de Flag of Paraguay.svg Paraguay .ro, para servicios de Flag of Romania.svg Rumania .rs, para servicios de Bandera de Serbia Serbia .ru, para servicios de Flag of Russia.svg Rusia .se, para servicios de Flag of Sweden.svg Suecia .sv, para servicios de Flag of El Salvador.svg El Salvador .tel, para servicios de comunicación por internet .tk, para páginas del país Flag of Tokelau.svg Tokelau; sin embargo se usan también co mo dominio y servidor propio ( "Autónomas" ). Actualmente pueden obtenerse de form a gratuita. .travel, para páginas de la industria de viajes y turismo. .tv, para páginas del país Flag of Tuvalu.svg Tuvalu, pero usado también para estacion es de televisión. .ua, para páginas de Flag of Ukraine.svg Ucrania .uk, para páginas de Bandera del Reino Unido Reino Unido .uy, para servicios de Flag of Uruguay.svg Uruguay .va, para servicios de Flag of the Vatican City.svg Ciudad del Vaticano .ve, para servicios de Flag of Venezuela.svg Venezuela .web es un dominio de internet de nivel superior, no oficial, que lleva propuest o desde 1995. .ws para páginas de Bandera de Samoa Samoa .xxx, para Industria pornográfica .za para páginas de Flag of South Africa.svg Sudáfrica .??, para páginas de Rusia con nombres en cirilico Localizador de recursos uniforme «URL» redirige aquí. Para otras acepciones, véase URL (desambiguación). Este diagrama de Euler muestra que un identificador de recursos uniforme (URI) e s o bien un localizador uniforme de recursos (siglas en inglés URL), como también un nombre de recurso uniforme (URN, siglas en inglés), o ambos a la vez. Un localizador de recursos uniforme LRU (más conocido por la sigla URL, del inglés U niform Resource Locator) es un identificador de recursos uniforme (Uniform Resou rce Identifier, URI) cuyos recursos referidos pueden cambiar, esto es, la direcc ión puede apuntar a recursos variables en el tiempo.1 Están formados por una secuenc ia de caracteres, de acuerdo a un formato modélico y estándar, que designa recursos en una red, como Internet. Los LRU fueron una innovación en la historia de la Internet. Fueron usadas por pri mera vez por Tim Berners-Lee en 1991, para permitir a los autores de documentos establecer hiperenlaces en la World Wide Web (WWW). Desde 1994, en los estándares de Internet, el concepto de LRU ha sido incorporado dentro del más general de URI, pero el término URL todavía se utiliza ampliamente. Aunque nunca fueron mencionadas como tal en ningún estándar, mucha gente cree que la s iniciales LRU significan universal -en lugar de 'uniform'- resource locator (l ocalizador universal de recursos). Esta se debe a que en 1990 era así, pero al uni rse las normas "Functional Recommendations for Internet Resource Locators" (RFC 1736) y "Functional Requirements for Uniform Resource Names" (RFC 1737) pasó a den ominarse "Identificador Uniforme de Recursos" (RFC 2396). Sin embargo, la letra "U" en URL siempre ha significado "uniforme". El LRU es una cadena de caracteres con la cual se asigna una dirección única a cada uno de los recursos de información disponibles en Internet. Existe un URL único para cada página de cada uno de los documentos de la WWW, para todos los elementos de Gopher y todos los grupos de debate Usenet, y así sucesivamente. El LRU de un recurso de información es su dirección en Internet, la cual permite que el navegador web la encuentre y la muestre de forma adecuada. Por ello, el URL combina el nombre de la computadora que proporciona la información, el directorio donde se encuentra, el nombre del archivo, y el protocolo a usar para recuperar los datos para que no se pierda alguna información sobre dicho factor que se emple a para el trabajo. Se puede entender que una URI = URL + URN. Índice [ocultar] 1 Formato general 2 Esquema URL 3 URL en el uso diario 4 Visión general 5 Véase también 6 Referencias 7 Enlaces externos Formato general[editar] El formato general de un URL es: esquema://máquina.directorio.archivo También pueden añadirse otros datos: esquema://usuario:contraseña@ máquina:puerto.directorio.archivo (quitando el espacio ) Por ejemplo: http://www.wikipedia.org/ La especificación detallada se encuentra en la RFC 1738, titulada Uniform Resource Locators..
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