------22 , or the

, or the export intranslation Volume 22 in the current produc in the current (1999), this article throws extranslation The World Republic of Letters koinè Volume 22. Spring 2021 • on the web 2021 • Spring 22. Volume Atlas of the European Novel Atlas of the European

ing of literary works into another language, and language, another into works literary of ing importing works of into foreign a given country by way of transla tion – are products of economic and cultural competition (Sapiro, 2008 and 2010). The results research are in line with both Moretti’s conclusions about the past for concurrence hegemony between the dominating poles of English and French publishing and Pascale Casanova’s work on the geopolitics of (1999 and 2015). The term ‘Euro Noir’The term ‘Euro to account for the proposed has been recently cosmopolitan of a shared, emergence tion of crime fiction across Europe (Forshaw 2014, Hansen et al. narra and aesthetic specific the of characterization the While 2018). tive features of this production is currently underway and consti the study of the tutes one of the objectives of the DETECt project, role of translation in the circulation of crime fiction can contribute of such cosmopolitan form to better understand the emergence Franco by proposed methodology the by Inspired expression. of in his Moretti – translation of forms both how on light Abstract his investigations about popular fiction for twenty-five years, he published he years, twenty-five for fiction popular about investigations his a monograph on this topic, Boulevards du Populaire (PULIM, 2005), ed published and journals, of issues special or volumes eleven co-edited or ited international in perspective, theoretical a adopting mainly articles, several journals. peer-review is Professor of French Literature at the University of Limoges. FocusingLimoges. of University the at Literature French of Professor is quarter

770151. academic

project that has project and innovation

programme under programme grant agreement No grant agreement “DETECt. Detecting This article is part of

Crime Narratives”, a in European Popular in European

Transcultural Identity Transcultural the European Union’s the European Horizon 2020 research Horizon 2020 research received funding from funding from received The Emergence of Euro Noir through Noir through of Euro The Emergence of Translation the Process European Publishing European Crime Fiction Import/Export in Import/Export Crime Fiction Jacques Migozzi

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Jacques Migozzi Jacques Volume 22 Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime Crime Fiction, Euro Distant Noir, reading, Translation, The analysis of exports is based on metadata harvested through The analysis of exports is based on metadata harvested through In the following, I present the results of an analysis of data col 10 French authors have been selected on the basis of a number of different criteria. In the first place, out of all the awards attributed between 1990 and 2018 by the main French crime fiction festivals, the authors who had received at least 6 awards were included in Dominique Corre, Le Hervé Truc, Olivier Vargas, Fred selection: this Manotti, All Marcus of Malte these and writers, Caryl at Ferey. the exception are of known Vargas, for producing critical narratives about contemporary societies and their dark side, and can thus be metadata about the releases, the translations and awards relative to the works of a sample representative of contemporary European crime writers. The goal was to bring a new perspective on mass- circulation and marketing production, the as such phenomena scale thus decades, three last the during Europe in fiction crime literary of a quantitative perspective. Noir from highlighting the rise of Euro comple libraries, national European all of websites the from Zotero with mented, data where available necessary, from the websites of publishers. European The sample includes data about the foreign European editions of 15 European crime writers. On the one hand, features of contemporary European crime fiction is currently un currently is fiction crime European contemporary of features the study of derway, the pathways by which these works travel of to better understand the role the continent can contribute across of cosmo for the emergence the conditions translation in creating recently been has which that as such expression, of forms politan labelled as ‘Euro Noir’ by critics and scholars such as Barry For Migozzi Amir, (2018), Turnbull and Peaock Hansen, (2014), shaw and Levet (2020). the online team from research laboratively collected by the Limoges catalogues of all European national libraries. The datasets includes Keywords: Cultural transfers. Describing the corpus Introduction: of European of import/export the processes This article examines crime fiction works on a pan-European scale, as a contribution to Noir’, notion of ‘Euro the around research its the DETECt project’s narrative and aesthetic origins and developments as a shared on the continental level. While the characterization of the specific quarter

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Jacques Migozzi Jacques (1996) – as the 10 Volume 22 trilogy, Hungary) and Hungary) trilogy,

The Rules of Art Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime These observations about the import-export dynamics of literary A A second, more coarse-grained source of metadata was used to country of origin: 1) the number of entries retrieved for any single the 2) and translation, in editions European work edition translated number of European languages that each author was translated of indicators quantitative basic as used were figures two These into. a book’s as well as a writer’s cultural influence outside of their country of origin. scale have been complemented by crime fiction on a pan European lected French writers. In this case, the results provided by the analy the by provided results the case, this In writers. French lected compared were editions foreign of terms in performance their of sis with those of 20 more European authors (including the 5 non- translated widely been have who above) mentioned writers French into several languages. European The test sample was selected to of countries, so spectrum as to include authors from a broad reflect the same “artistic generations” – to quote the term used by Pierre Bourdieu in his reference book French authors. For each of these writers, we collected the number of entries archived before December 31, 2016 on the European Li author’sthe of regardless compare, to us enabled This portal. brary spective country: Markaris of Petros (creator the Kostas Charitos series,Montalbano the of (creator Camilleri Andrea Greece), series, Romania), series, Mladin Andrei the of (creator Arion George Italy), Noir Budapest the of (author Kondor Vilmos ofharvest The Norway). series Hole Harry the of (creator Nesbø Jo metadata, all which editions the covered of European crime novels Ex using sorted then was 1990, after authors 15 these by published cel pivot tables and used to produce graphs (through Excel) and software). the Khartis free maps (through se 10 the of extranslation the about information additional provide affiliated to theFrench noir tradition. In thesecond place, this list was complemented by three internationally recognized authors of thriller novels, Pierre Lemaître, Michel Bussi and Franck Thilliez, noto one plus awards, festival of recipients the been also have who rious best-selling Maxime writer, Chattam, who is poorly recog nized by the legitimizing institutions of the “polar” scene. On the similar criteria have been other hand, for comparative purposes, recog widely are who writers international of sample a select to use nized to be currently the most renowned crime authors of their re quarter

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Jacques Migozzi Jacques Volume 22 , Tab , “Atlas”, Tab Section Maps and Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime First of all, if we focus on the case of French writers, the novelists the writers, French of case the on focus we if all, of First the export performance of the thriller authors is visibly more sig the export performance of the thriller authors is visibly more international of authors for curves ascending sharply with nificant, best-sellers, such as Michel Bussi, Pierre Lemaître and, to a lesser Franck Thilliez. degree, who are associated with the noir tradition of social and political and, figures, export modest relatively by characterized are critique thriller contrary, the On reach. geographical limited a by therefore, authors, who are generally less politically engaged, tend to be more successful. This confirms the idea that, within the spectrum potential higher a shows thriller the subgenres, fiction’s crime of clear is This level. pan-European a on translation transnational for different into extranslations of number cumulative the in shown ly the within years thirty past the over obtained languages European Le Ferey, (Manotti, authors noir main the for while sample: French Malte) the curve Corre, remains Truc, flat at arelatively low level, Exporting Crime Fiction Across Europe Exporting Crime Fiction If we consider export figures for the translations of print crime fic tion in Europe from 1990 to 2018, what conclusions can be drawn cul underpin that relations power cultural and economic the about Due cultural sphere? European tural transfers in the contemporary to length constraints, this paper will offer onlya few figures, and will allude to other graphs and maps available for consultation in the full digital portfolio hosted by the DETECt Atlas (see www.detect-project.eu/portal/ and “Authors”). Graphs, sub sections “Works” an acute focus on the intranslation of foreign crime fiction in France. in fiction crime foreign of intranslation the on focus acute an For this purpose, we mined the post-1990 catalogues of 5 major French publishers of crime/noir and thriller fiction (Gallimard, Le Seuil, Rivages, Métaillié, Actes Sud), some of which have a special series dedicated to these genres (for instance, Gallimard’s most also included the catalogues of par three iconic “Série We Noire”). éditions, Mirobole (Le publishers up-and-coming active ticularly Arènes). Agullo, Les quarter

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2017 100 2016 Jacques Migozzi Jacques 2015 Volume 22 2014 80 2013 2012 2011 60 2010 2009 2008 2007 40 2006 2005 Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime 2004 20 2003 2002 2001 umber of european translated editions /year 9 famous french crime fiction authors : n Five famous French Thriller novelists : number of european translated editions / country country / editions translated european of number : novelists Thriller French famous Five 0 2000 Italy Spain Latvia Serbia 1999 Turkey Poland Greece Croatia Estonia Finland Nor way Ukraine Sweden Bulgaria Hungary Slovenia Portugal Germany Denmark Lithuania Romania

5 0

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 Quantities Netherlands Russian Fed. CzechRepublic United Kingdom United Graph 2. Five famous French thriller novelists: number of European thriller novelists: number of European Graph 2. Five famous French translated editions/country nated across a much wider area in Europe: a much wider area nated across Graph 1. Nine famous French crime fiction authors; number of European number of European crime fiction authors; Graph 1. Nine famous French translated editions per year (1999-2018) to visualize the comparison between the two graphs produced A countries where noir and thriller authors, are respectively, pub dissemi thriller novels are that lished in translation also reveals quarter

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Jacques Migozzi Jacques 15 Volume 22 Ferey novel was published in 1995, 10 Le Corre

Manotti Truc 5 Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime Four famous French Noir novelists : number of European translated editions country / editions translated European of number : novelists Noir French famous Four 0 Italy Spain Latvia Serbia Turkey Poland Greece Croatia Estonia Finland Nor way Ukraine Sweden Bulgaria Hungary Slovenia Portugal Romania Germany Denmark Lithuania A second interesting insight emerges from a synoptic reading of reading synoptic a from emerges insight interesting second A Netherlands Russian Fed. CzechRepublic United Kingdom United the shortlist of post-1990 European crime fiction writers who have who writers fiction crime European post-1990 of shortlist the 400 over have or languages, European 15 over into translated been entries outside of their country of origin due to publications in us success, pan-European authors’ the out map we If translation. ing color to mark territorial expansion and indicating the total number of editions in translation appears per Vargas to country, be part of the very exclusive category of pan-European crime fic Dominique Manotti has a than much reach Michel narrower Bus obvi same the and – 2006 in fiction crime in debuted only who si, ous evidence could be visually for produced both Franck Thilliez Lemaître. and Pierre the full digital portfolio that summarizes our investigation of the French crime Vargas standsfiction out corpus: from Fred the rest of the corpus, with 18 of her books translated in as many as 19 edi 459 of total a had she 2018, of end the by countries: European tions in translation In Europe. across addition, to according the European Library’s catalogues, she is the only French author in Graph 3. Four famous French noir novelists: number of European noir novelists: number of European Graph 3. Four famous French translated editions/country This is particularly visible when the same metadata used are to popularity in translation: for in generate maps on the authors’ stance, although her first polar quarter

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Jacques Migozzi Jacques Volume 22 . The ranking based on the ø (Adamsberg’s series) : (Adamsberg’s If we now examine the results provided by tion bestsellers, alongside with such literary Camilleri: Andrea and Nesbø Jo as superstars Li the European our mining of metadata from phenom brary’s catalogues, another massive hege enon appears clearly: the quantitative mony of Nordic and British writers among European crime novelists. The ranking of the most popular 9 authors, based on the number of languages they have been translated into, is Ar as follows: Krajewski, Vargas, Marek Fred naldur Indridason, Camilla Läckberg, Ian Rankin, Philip Stieg Kerr, Larsson, Henning Mankell, Jo Nesb number of entries found in the same cata logues outside of the authors’ countries of ori gin is almost with similar, only Arne Dahl re placing Krajewski. Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime number of translated editions / country number of translated editions (may 2019) Map 2. Jo Nesbø: number of translated editions perMap 2. Jo Nesbø: number of translated May 2019 country by European quarter

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number of translated editions / country (may 2019) number of translated editions / country number of translated editions (may 2019) translated editions per European country by May translated editions per European 2019 Map 3. Camilleri’s Montalbano series: number of 2019 Map 1. Fred Vargas’s Adamsberg series: number of series: number of Adamsberg Vargas’s Map 1. Fred country by May translated editions per European

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29

Mankell, Henning Mankell,

Stieg Larsson Stieg

Nes bo, Jo bo, Nes Rankin, Ian Rankin,

Dahl, Arne Dahl,

Jacques Migozzi Jacques Philip Kerr,

Indridason, Arnaldur Indridason, Fred Vargas Fred Volume 22 from from the UK (Philip December2016)

- Läckberg, Camilla Läckberg, (5 volumes), has been

Bartlett, Alicia Bartlett,

Lucarelli, Carlo Lucarelli,

Bruen, Ken Bruen, Carlotto, Massimo Carlotto,

äckberg), äckberg), 2 Krajewski, Marek Krajewski, Jacques Migozzi

Budapest Noir

Macchiavelli, Loriano Macchiavelli,

Chattam, Maxime Chattam,

Hurley, Graham Hurley,

De Giovanni, Maurizio Giovanni, De Franck Thilliez Franck

Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime

Lemaître, Pierre Lemaître,

aoti Manott Salem, Carlos Salem,

Number of notices in European Library (except original language language original (except Library European in notices of Number

Bussi, Michel Bussi,

Ferey, Caryl Ferey,

Truc, Olivier Truc,

Le Corre, Hervé Corre, Le Del Arbol, Victor Arbol, Del

0

800 600 400 200 Marcus Malte,

Comparing the number of European editions accumulated by by editions accumulated Comparing the number of European 1600 1400 1200 1000 Number of notices notices of Number tions and the number of countries intranslating foreign authors, be tions and the number of countries intranslating foreign tween the major pan-European bestsellers, such as Nesbø, Vargas and Camilleri, and other writers who are nonetheless considered Marka instance, For country. own their in ones renowned most the ris quantitative and geographic spectrum is much narrower than and Kondor Vilmos of cases The Nesbø. or Camilleri either of those Arion George are even more striking. As for only Kondor, the first opus of his Hungarian series, shows is the existence of a of compact best pan group European authors5 illuminating: is group this of composition the and sellers, are from Nordic countries (Stieg Larsson, Arne Dahl, Joe Nesbø, Arnaldur Indridason, Camilla L Ian Rankin), Camilleri), Italy France 1 1 (Andrea from from Kerr, liter European the over nowadays rules noir Nordic Vargas). (Fred as it does on TV screens. ary crime genre, Camilleri, plus authors French (10 sample core our of writers 15 the Nesbø, Kondor, Markaris, Arion) reveals another interesting fact: is a huge gap, in terms of both the numbers of translated edi there Graph 4. Twenty-eight European crime fiction writers: number of crime fiction writers: number European Graph 4. Twenty-eight Library’s catalogue European on the translated editions referenced This graph reveals that the club of authors with over 400 entries 10th the selection: the of rest the from spectacularly quite out stands author on the list (Alicia Bartlett) has under 250 entries. What it quarter

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Jacques Migozzi Jacques Volume 22 (1999) to a run of 400,000 cop . , which, according to our informant Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime Au Revoir là-haut L’Homme à l’envers L’Homme Nymphéas noirs (2001): in France, Vargas went from an early print run of run print early an from went Vargas France, in (2001): Outstanding library sales figures that bring a writer into the Despite some distortions due to the somewhat arbitrary acquisi First of all, although festival awards may definitely increase the highly selective club of bestseller authors can undeniably have highly selective club of bestseller authors can undeniably have boosting effects in terms of extranslation: this was the case with Michel Bussi’s Sophie Lajeunesse, Bussi’s editor at Presses de la Cité, sold up to 800,000 copies. This was also the case with the Var takeoff of Fred after the phenomenal success of gas’ international career tard reviens under 100,000 for thus facilitate its extranslation, their role should not be overstated. For instance, while most of the novels by Dominique Olivier Truc, Manotti, Hervé Lecorre and Pierre Lemaître that have been trans French main the from awards received previously had abroad lated crime fiction festivals, other authors like Maxime Chattam, Franck Thilliez and even Michel Bussi are widely translated without ever being acknowledged by the genre’s legitimizing institutions. The only obvious example of an award’s boosting effects in terms of 2013 the received who Lemaître, Pierre by provided is extranslation Prix Goncourt for change embedded within translation, as a cultural result of eco nomic and geopolitical domination. tion strategies that might have been adopted of the different na it Library, European the with data their share that institutions tional findings. these by revealed trends the challenge to difficult appears I will now present a few additional conclusions to attempt to ex the exportability that have impacted of the factors of plain some last 25 years. print crime fiction over the European popularity and symbolic capital achieved by a work of fiction and translated in 7 countries (the Netherlands, France, Poland, Italy, Greece, the United Kingdom and the Czech Republic), while Ger respec of, translations the hosted only bookstores Finnish and man two and tively, four of the series’ similar volumes. A situation is crime 17 the of Arion: George author Romanian of case the in found novels he had published in his country by 2018, only one had been inde small a by French into 3 and UK the in English into translated pendent These Belgian observations publisher. confirm Pascale Casanova’s thesis (2002) about the inequality of the symbolic ex quarter

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Zulu Jacques Migozzi Jacques Volume 22 Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime Finally, it can Finally, be interesting to interrogate a specific trend in Importing European Crime Fiction in France Importing European Crime Fiction trans cultural of terms in learn can we what to on move now us Let fers a from quantative analysis of the catalogue of the main French specifically, collection, writing crime dedicated a with publishers Gallimard, Le Seuil, Rivages, Métaillié, Actes Sud, Le Mirobole, Agullo, Arènes. Les Our aim is to assess the importance of the dif flow the within intranslated fiction crime of varieties national ferent ‘literature of crisis’ – according to Jean-Patrick Manchette’s formula Manchette’s Jean-Patrick to according – crisis’ of ‘literature noir Italian and French of traditions national the all of core the at is – novels since the 1970s and Spanish noir since the 1990s. This could be explained by the specific national histories thatcharacterize the supported Spain and Italy both century, 20th the in countries: three of the their burden while fascist France regimes, was by the stigma the triggered have may This wars. colonial the and Collaboration of mission the embraced have who intellectuals, many of engagement to denounce and uncover the dark corners and traumas of their country’s collective memory (Collovald and Neveu 2004; De Pau lis-Dalambert 2010). an tropism’. Indeed, research data indicate that the most politically Indeed, research an tropism’. aware among French crime writers are mostly translated and pub lished, unlike authors of thrillers and in Fred the Vargas, Mediter possible explanation for A this ranean is trend countries. that these countries are historically part of the French publishing’s sphere of influence, as pointed out in various 1999; studies Sapiro (Moretti 2008; Boumediene and Migozzi 2012). I However, would like to be may Spain and Italy France, hypothesis. additional an suggest coun than other European predisposed indeed ‘culturally’ more tries to welcome noir novels with a strong political and critical di mension, so much that the corrosive potential of crime fiction as a ies in just two successful A years. film or television adaptation can and book original the both of extranslation the to way the pave also the author’s other works: this was the case with the 2013 French/ novel 2008 Ferey’s Caryl of adaptation African South Or including cast, international high-profile a with Salle Jérôme by lando Bloom and Forest Whitaker) as well as with the many TV novels. Michel Bussi’s adaptations drawn from crime writing, which I will call a ‘Mediterrane Southern European quarter

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2014 2013 Jacques Migozzi Jacques 2012 2011 Rest of the world Volume 22 2010 n/year i 2009 g i r 2008 o Latin America Latin 2007 cal 2006 aphi 2005 AU-CA-NZ 2004 geogr

f 2003 o 2002 South Africa 2001 2000 USA centages 1999 Per Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime 1998 EU-France 1997 1996 France 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 Second overall observation: if we now only consider European European consider only now we if observation: overall Second First observation: although the share of European crime fiction in fiction crime European of share the although observation: First 0% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 100% as the predominant language of crime fiction, with over half of pub of half over with fiction, crime of language predominant the as lished titles. novels (or 25.5% of the total catalogue), it appears that, since 1990, the most represented country is the United Kingdom (224 titles), followed by the countries that are associated with the Nordic Noir sub-genre (178), and then Italy (131) and Spain (78). In fact, while the public at large showed a clear for preference Nordic Noir nov Graph 5. Percentage of novels per country of origin in the catalogues of 8 Graph 5. Percentage crime fiction publishers (1990-2018) French total the of 40.5% for account English American from Intranslations amalgamated catalogue – far ahead of French crime titles (26.4%), all other countries, in for novels from leaving just under a third cluding European countries. If we add up the shares of novels by (0.7%), Australian (0.2%), Irish Northern (1.2%), Irish (6.7%), British out come does English (0.6%), writers Canadian and (0.6%) Scottish of French of imports French after 1990, so as to use this national lens to high light in a different way the transnational contemporary trends we remarks. out in our previous pointed have already imports has been tendentially since growing 1990, the ‘re French public’ of crime fiction is overwhelmingly dominated by products the United States. from quarter

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RU SE+DK+NO+IS GB IT ES DE PL GR IE 2018

2017 2016

Jacques Migozzi Jacques 2015

GR 2014

ES IT IE

DE GB 2013 Volume 22 SE+DK+NO+IS

PL RU 2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001 2000

Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime 1999 french crime fiction in 8 french crime fiction publishers’catalogs fiction crime french 8 in fiction crime french

-

1998

1997

1996

1995 1994

Editions of non of Editions

1993

1992

1991 1990

5 0

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 If we connect these symptomatic French phenomena and the ap the and phenomena French symptomatic these connect we If Stacked quantities Stacked French publishing catalogues. French em few a with analysis data through obtained periodization parent blematic cases of European dissemination via extranslation, we propose perhaps a recklessly, may, more general hypothesis: there appears to have been a historical turning point, which marked the plastic very the under amalgamated today be could what of genesis Noir’.label of ‘Euro As shown in the graph above, every year since 2009 the number of translated Nordic Noir novels from Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Iceland has been greater than the number of British novels: France does not escape the trend shown in Graph 2 toward the in translation of Nordic Noir novels, which has a particularly clear example in the pan European expansion of Jo Nesbø’s novels. The year 1998 appears to be a pivotal point in the history of the French crime fiction over publishing 20 industry: European after this year, (from fiction Spanish and Italian annually. translated were novels 1998) and to a lesser extent Irish and Greek fiction (respectively from 2004 and 2006) also carved a new place for themselves in Graph 6. Numbers of translated novels in the catalogues of 8 French in the catalogues of 8 French Graph 6. Numbers of translated novels crime fiction publishers (1990-2018) els, at the same time European crime fiction as a whole became in terms. in both cultural and geographic diverse creasingly quarter

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Jacques Migozzi Jacques Volume 22 Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime Significantly, according to the datasets harvested through Zotero, Zotero, through harvested datasets the to according Significantly, The various graphs obtained from the analysis of the catalogues the analysis obtained from The various graphs transculturation is today on the way, one that mixes a background transculturation is today one on that the mixes way, a background trend toward a cosmopolitan reach with the strong appeal of local colour and local anchorage. Conclusion This first sectorial approach certainly needs to be completed and to us allows already it but surveys, quantitative other by reinforced of European in the contemporary process spot some major trends the three most successful exporters in our sample (Fred Vargas, An Vargas, (Fred sample our in exporters successful most three the Camilleri and drea Jo Nesbø) had one of their novels translated for the first time into another European language.Vargas Fred was published for the first time in 17 European countries between 1997 and 2005 (in 8 countries between 1999 and 2002). The first volume of Camilleri’s Montalbano series was translated in 12 European countries between 1998 and 2005 (in 8 countries between 1998 and And 2002). Jo Nesbø was published for the first time in translation clus this on Based 2000. and 1997 between countries European 9 in ter of convergent evidence we can therefore postulate that, from a of continuing process perspective, an impressive, pan-European to their spatial/linguistic origin, it also appears that since the 2011 share of North American fiction has droppedin parallel with the much so – languages European other from intranslations of increase that since 2009, these latter have become quantitatively more im portant than North American crime fiction. At the same time, the anreaching 2004, since dropped sharply has fiction French of share minor even of importance the meanwhile 24%, to 20 just of average crime fictions America, Africa from Latin South and other faraway countries has been constantly increasing. it was also this around time, that the beginning of the 21st century, of French crime fiction publishers suggest that the year 2005 was marked by the boom of what we might call a ‘seduction of the ex otic’. In other words, these data suggest a surge of interest from than origins diverse more of novels for readers fiction crime French the Anglo-American dominant one, novels that opened up the im a presented and States United the than other territories to agination new kind If of we local consider colour. Graph 3, showing the per centage of foreign titles translated into French, grouped according quarter

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. Paris: Seuil. Paris: . Actes de la re Jacques Migozzi Jacques 2020. “Gatekeep 2020. Volume 22 Paris: Seuil. L’Italie L’Italie en jaune et noir . 2012. “Circulation trans , online publication July . Paris: Presses de la Sor Lire le noir. Enquête sur les le noir. Lire edited by Mona Baker. New Baker. Mona by edited

Cham: Palgrave Macmillan. 2009, Harpenden: Pocket Essentials. , 144: 7-20. English translation in Neveu. 2004. : BPI/Centre Pompidou. , Paris : BPI/Centre Consécration et accumulation de capital European European Review “ La langue mondiale La république mondiale des lettres des mondiale république La The Rules of Art. Genesis and Structure of the Érik Euro Euro Noir: The Pocket Essential Guide to Euro https://doi.org//10.3406/arss.2002.2804 Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime Géographie poétique et cartographie littéraire Géographie poétique et cartographie Maleval, Marion Picker, and Florent Gabaude, and Florent Maleval, Marion Picker, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1062798720001118 . Stanford: Stanford University Press. University Stanford . Stanford: Véronique littéraire. littéraire. La traduction comme échange inégal.” en sciences sociales cherche Concepts, Critical Studies: lation Routledge. York: lecteurs de récits policiers nationale des romans et séries de la culture populaire en Europe Europe en populaire culture la de séries et romans des nationale In 1930).” - (1840 ed by 187-199. Limoges: PULIM. Literary Field pean Crime Fiction, Film & TV. Crime Drama and Beyond. European ers of Noir: The Paradoxical Internationalization of the French Crime Fiction Field.” 16, 2020: 1-17. La littérature policière de 1990 à nos jours bonne Nouvelle. Collovald, Annie, and Forshaw, Barry. 2014. Barry. Forshaw, 2018.eds. Sue, Turnbull Sue and Peackcok, Steven Toft, Kim Hansen, Amir. Lucie and Levet, Natacha Jacques, Migozzi, Casanova, Pascale. 2002. Casanova, Pascale. 2015. De Paulis-Dalambert, Marie-Pia, ed. 2010. References Boumediene, Farid, and Jacques Migozzi. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996. 1999. Pascale. Casanova, transculturation, transculturation, as observed through the lenses of crime fiction’s crime of market European contemporary The strategies. translation driven cosmopolitanism unifying a between torn be to seem fiction ofspecificities the and bestsellers international of group small a by local national identities. Beyond the blurring ‘Euro Noir’ label, re the symbolic exchange the inequality of also reveal results search embedded within translation as well as the cultural and economic in our and representations competition that shapes crime narratives culture. contemporary globalized media quarter

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Jacques Migozzi Jacques . Paris: Ithaque. . London and New Volume 22 . London and New York: Verso. York: New and London . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.po

Paris: CNRS éditions. . La littérature au laboratoire La littérature Translatio. Le Marché de la traduction en France en traduction la de Marché Le Translatio. Atlas of the European Novel Atlas of the European , 38: 2010-4. Graphs, Maps, Trees: Abstract Models for a Liter a for Models Abstract Trees: Maps, Graphs, Distant reading Distant Crime Fiction Import/Export in European Publishing in European Import/Export Fiction Crime Poetics London and New York: Verso. York: London and New ic.2010.05.001 Book Market: the Case of Literary in Translations the US and in France.” et York: Verso. Verso. York: ary History. de la mondialisation à l’heure Moretti, Franco. 1999. Moretti, 2005. Franco. Moretti, 2013. Franco. Moretti, Franco, ed. 2016. Moretti, 2008. ed. Gisèle, Sapiro, Sapiro, Gisèle. 2010. “Globalization and Cultural Diversity in the quarter

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