NEWS Toyota looks to Ford for smartphone integration

An open-source version “Dashboard interface The monthly magazine for automotive electronics engineers of Ford AppLink, called design and smartphone Smart Device Link connectivity are key ele - Intel and Jaguar collaborate Issue 19 (SDL), is being studied ments for product differ - July 2015 by Toyota for future inte - entiation within the on software-defined cockpit gration into vehicles for industry,” said Don But - IN THIS command and control of ler, executive director of Intel is collaborating with ISSUE smartphone apps through Ford Connected Vehicle Jaguar Land Rover to in - dashboard buttons, dis - & Services. “At Ford, we tegrate the company’s Page 2: Toyota-Ford play screens and voice view all aspects of time Realsense technology integration recognition technology. behind the wheel as core into the next generation Adoption of SDL by to the experience we pro - of cars, according to Page 3: Bosch and other vehicle manufactur - vide customers. We’re Intel’s senior VP Doug Daimler automated ers and suppliers should pleased other members of give drivers more choice the industry feel the same Davis speaking at last parking project SDL could bring AppLink to more vehicles month’s Automobil Elek - in how they connect and way, and look forward to tronik Congress in Lud - Page 7: Mentor control their smart - working together to drive wigsburg, Germany. Automotive Forum phones, and help grow even more support for the connectivity and naviga - launched the Ford devel - Realsense is Intel’s report the automotive developer SDL developer commu - tion systems that deliver oper programme to sup - strategy for a next-gener - Doug Davis tells of Intel-Jaguar collaboration community by creating nity.” on expectations for smart - port the ecosystem of ation software-defined Page 15: Turning a apps that work across dif - In Ford vehicles phone app integration. developers creating new, cockpit and the company Auto, Ford and GM. centralised communica - car into a revenue ferent brands and vehi - equipped with Sync, SDL software allows innovative experiences. demonstrated a sensor- “We have all heard that tions, command and stream cles. AppLink serves as the ap - access to in-vehicle con - Now, with SDL, we’re laden glove for use in au - the car is the ultimate control console that auto - SDL lets car makers plication programming trols including display demonstrating our long- tomobile manufacturing. consumer device,” said matically conforms to Page 21: Learning maintain control of user interface that allows screens, buttons and the term commitment to our “Imagine stepping into Davis. “To that end, we the needs of individual data security lessons interface design for prod - smartphone apps such voice recognition engine customers, and the indus - a car that recognises your are making bold invest - drivers. uct differentiation while as Spotify, Glympse, to deliver a fully inte - try overall, to make it facial features and begins ments in 3D, which Former employees of Page 25: Jaguar helping provide an iHeartRadio, Pandora and grated app experience for easy for smartphones and playing your favourite blends reality with the BMW and Ideo collabo - Land Rover research improved consumer ex - others to be accessed by drivers and passengers. cars to work together music,” said Davis, “or a digital world through rated to build ProGlove, programmes perience through enter - drivers using voice recog - Toyota is engaging with everywhere around the pair of gloves that knows Intel Realsense technol - which is built on Intel tainment, information and nition and dashboard con - the SDL project, and in - world.” the history of your vehi - ogy.” Edison. The sensor-laden Page 30: Altera and navigation app develop - trols. vestigating further collab - Branded as AppLink, cle from the time of its in - The consolidation of glove improves factory Xilinx plans ment. Ford created SDL by oration with Livio and SDL technology is avail - ception as a lone chassis cluster displays with in- efficiency by recognising Toyota’s adoption of contributing the AppLink Ford. Livio, a wholly able on more than five on the factory floor.” vehicle infotainment the vehicle parts the Page 34: Ford sees SDL technology is said to software to the open- owned subsidiary of million Ford vehicles in Intel is working with forms the basis of Intel’s wearer is assembling. round the bend show traction is gaining source community. The Ford, is the project main - North America, South several automotive com - software-defined cockpit. Since the ProGlove has a for the open-source soft - goal is to help drive tainer of SDL technology. America, Europe and the panies including Magneti This approach seamlessly scanner built in, assembly Page 35: Product ware project goal of cre - growth of the automotive “We first introduced Asia Pacific. Three new Marelli, Harman, BMW, merges IoT-connected ex - workers no longer have to news ating an automotive app developer commu - AppLink to serve our cus - markets are slated to Porsche, Jaguar Land periences, both inside and scan each part before it industry-based standard nity and provide car mak - tomers’ desire to access come on board this year – Rover, Fiat Chrysler outside the vehicle, into a goes into a vehicle. Page 40: Contact for integrating smart - ers with a way to their apps inside the car,” Taiwan, New Zealand details phone apps into vehicles. maintain differentiated said Butler. “Then we and Thailand. vehicle-electronics.biz Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 2 NEWS NEWS

lows third-party applica - Bosch and Daimler partner on PSA picks Sierra for tions to be built and hosted directly on the connected car technology wireless module. automated parking project With integrated Airvan - PSA Peugeot Citroën is to hicles. Since the introduc - said Brigitte Courtehoux, tage cloud service, these Daimler, Bosch and Car2Go. As soon as the starts it and directs it to an car park infrastructure, in - use Sierra Wireless de - tion of its in-vehicle director of connected cars applications can be se - Car2Go are to start a pilot user is ready in the pick- assigned parking space. cluding parking space oc - vice-to-cloud technology emergency notification at PSA Peugeot Citroën. curely downloaded and project this month for au - up-zone of the car park, “Fully automated park - cupancy sensors, cameras in its next generation of systems in 2003, Peugeot, “Sierra Wireless technol - updated remotely over the tomating parking in a car the car drives up inde - ing will be ready for and communications. The connected cars to expand Citroën and DS vehicles ogy provides us with full air. park, with features such pendently and the ride mass-production before communications unit in from emergency notifica - have sent more than automotive-grade wire - This next-generation in - as valet parking via can begin. Returning the fully automated driving”, the vehicle controls the tion into additional value- 13,000 alerts to emer - less connectivity, applica - ternet of things system smartphone. car is just as comfortable. said Dirk Hoheisel from parking process and de - added connected services gency services operating tion support and the will begin to reach the Automated parking is The customer parks it in Bosch. “Low driving fines with Daimler the in - for its customers. in 17 European countries. remote management ca - market within PSA’s made possible thanks to the drop-zone of the car speeds and the informa - terface with existing This will involve the “Our long collaboration pabilities we need to offer 2017 models. an intelligent infrastruc - park and returns the car tion from the car park in - vehicle components. Airprime AR series of with Sierra Wireless has these services efficiently “PSA Peugeot Citroën ture in the car park and a via smartphone. The in - frastructure enable a fast Daimler will adjust the smart automotive mod - enabled us to offer our and cost effectively.” has always been visionary vehicle control unit from telligent system of the car implementation.” sensor systems and the ules, the Legato platform customers leading-edge The additional services in providing value to cus - Bosch in conjunction park registers the vehicle, Bosch is developing the software in the vehicles. and the Airvantage cloud. technology that not only are enabled through the tomers through delivering with the latest Mercedes- PSA has been a Sierra helps keep them safer, but Legato platform, which connectivity to its cars,” Benz on-board sensors Brace, brace! Wireless customer since now could also provide provides an application said Dan Schieler, senior and the car-sharing ex - Virtual software is 2001 and has connected connected services that framework and develop - vice president for Sierra pertise of Car2Go. This more than 1.6 million ve - deliver additional value,” ment environment that al - Wireless. could enable automated no dummy manoeuvring in appropri - ately equipped parking garages in the near future. “Our customers are al - ways the centre of atten - tion and all of our actions are oriented towards them,” said Thomas Weber, a member of the Daimler board. “In future, the car will even go to them. In collaboration with our partner Bosch and our mobility service Car2Go we are develop - No, this isn’t a scene from a horror movie but a virtual crash test dummy, ing and testing an infra - and it is in the brace position, something difficult to achieve with a real structure-based solution dummy. If a car is about to hit something, the driver is likely to hit the for a fully automated brakes and turn the wheel and the passenger, aware of what’s about to hap - valet parking service. For pen, braces for impact. us another step on our These changes in posture – relaxed or braced – aren’t something physical way to autonomous driv - crash test dummies can copy, but Toyota has produced software for its ing – or as in this case to - Thums virtual human modelling that replicates pre-collision reactions. The wards autonomous latest version adds a muscle modelling feature that can simulate he body parking.” attitude of different vehicle occupants, from relaxed to braced, allowing for A smartphone would more detailed computer analysis of the injuries collisions can cause. book a vehicle via

Page 3, July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 4 NEWS NEWS Brighton University tests car Interactive handbook helps exhaust heat recovery system engineers calibrate ECUs

A new type of automotive An interactive documen - But leafing through enor - tedious manual searches mentation with interac - waste heat recovery sys - tation tool can help cali - mous PDF files eats up and automatically gener - tive graphics and models tem has been fired up on a bration engineers get to valuable time, heaping ates interactive graphics is handled by the con - recently commissioned grips with ECU software. more pressure on quali - and models. These graph - tainer-build tool. The re - test rig at the University The EHandbook from fied calibration engineers ical representations give sulting handbook is then of Brighton in the UK. Etas transfers Ascet, in the already very lim - calibration engineers an stored in a container, put - The organic rankine cycle Simulink or C code de - ited time available to immediate overview of ting the knowledge gener - test rig uses a linear free velopment data to the in - them in the test vehicle. the ECU’s functions and ated by development piston expander to over - telligent handbook. Now e-handbook is an signal flows. work a mouse click away come the technical and As engineers develop interactive tool that pro - There are three compo - for calibration engineers. Device for capturing waste heat from a car exhaust economic barriers to ECU functions using vides intelligent search nents. Flexible transfer of The third component is using rankine cycle tech - Ascet or Simulink models functions in place of source data into docu - the navigator, a physical nology for automotive firm the system’s poten - gether with Nidec SR water rankine cycles. and then translate them interactive tool that helps waste heat recovery. tial to convert the high drives, an industrial part - Libertine’s piston into software, their ex - engineers find their way Initially configured to grade heat in the exhaust ner on the heat recovery geometry, electrical ma - pertise soon adds up. around all the documenta - simulate heavy-duty truck into electrical power, demonstration project.” chine design and cylinder Documentation can tion that function devel - applications, the 20kWe which can contribute to The project at Brighton, construction are suited to quickly fill 10,000 to opers generate. Alongside system can be scaled either powertrain or aux - part-funded by the UK rankine cycle applica - 20,000 pages and, until a search function, there is down to 3kWe for light iliary loads. By providing government through tions. By integrating the now, calibration engi - the option to get an duty trucks and passenger physical test results to Innovate UK, uses a pair electrical machine into neers have had to cope overview through graph - cars. It has the potential to validate simulation tools, of Libertine’s linear free- the cylinder wall, rather with all this as a PDF. ics and models or to zoom become the first commer - the data will allow Liber - piston expanders in an than attempting to isolate They often have to refer in on the details. The tool cially viable method to tine to model specific ethanol rankine cycle to it with seals, the high fric - to this documented can also connect to cali - capture heat energy nor - customer applications extract energy from a hot tion losses often encoun - knowledge during cali - bration tools. mally wasted in the ex - with high confidence. gas source, which repre - tered by free piston bration, when they are “Switching from PDF E-handbook for ECU calibration engineers haust, improving the The test rig and linear sents the flow of a vehi - engine developers are re - fine-tuning the functions. documentation to EHand - efficiency of all types of free piston expander tech - cle’s exhaust under a duced. The expander also book is just like making vehicles. nology will form a centre - range of steady-state con - uses a transfer-valve the move from a road The results from rig piece at the Linear Power ditions. A free piston ex - arrangement to meter the Most Asia issues call for papers atlas to a navigation sys - tests are expected to con - show in Brighton from 7 pander system has high-pressure working tem,” said Etas product to 8 September. advantages over turbo- fluid into the expansion The Most Cooperation “This year’s theme is tecture for a large area of manager Patrick Frey. “Visitors to Linear generator systems. chamber without the need has issued a call for pa - ‘Most versatile standard’ HD audio-video and IP- In refining the tool, Etas Power 2015 will be able The flexibility and two- for active inlet valve con - pers for the 16th Most as it provides a powerful based applications.” worked closely with pilot to see the system working phase flow tolerance per - trol. This is said to be Interconnectivity Confer - architecture with free Suggested topics in - customer Robert Bosch, in the lab, review the re - mits useful output to be simpler and more effi - ence Asia on 12 Novem - topology configuration clude physical layer, net - where the tool is already sults and discuss potential generated during part cient than alternative inlet ber 2015 in Tokyo. while keeping integration working and system being rolled out internally applications,” said Liber - load and transient condi - valve arrangements. Anyone involved with simple,” said Henry architecture, software and for ECU projects. Bosch tine’s CEO Sam Cocker - tions, which represent Initial results from the Most technology can Muyshondt, Most Coop - protocols, compliance can also provide its cus - ill. “As part of our most drive cycle condi - trials will be published present designs, experi - eration administrator. and quality, and applica - tomers with interactive continuing relationship tions. In addition, the sys - during the third quarter of ences, research results “Supporting electrical tions and series projects handbooks for their ECU with Brighton University, tem provides a larger this year, with completion and outlooks into the fu - and optical physical experience. Abstracts are software. Some car mak - we are co-sponsoring the single-stage expansion of the tests scheduled for ture of automotive net - layers, Most offers the ap - due by 11 September ers have also evaluated Sam Cockerill Linear Power event to - ratio, which suits ethanol- the end of the year. works. propriate network archi - 2015. the product.

Page 5, July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 6 COMING TOGETHER Different domains in modern vehicles must come together to meet customer demands, was the clear message from last month’s Mentor Automotive Forum, as Steve Rogerson discovered

The forum was held on the University of Warwick campus

Page 7, July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 8 flexible to bring in the tsunami and produce “It is possible to move feelings. The key aspect changes when you need a small wave that hope - to a functional-centric is digital continuity from to,” he said. fully we can ride.” universe,” he said. “This function to implementa - Shamim proposed He said that platform is what is needed to opti - tion across domains and using variants to focus level engineering was mise the whole system. with design automation.” on reusable components the way to connect the This lets you make edu - Hughes added: “Plat - and build scalable archi - domains as elegantly as cated designs rather than form level engineering tectures. possible. designs based on gut lets you correct mistakes “A luxury car could use the same ECUs and platform as a compact car,” he said. “Some of Connected the basic features will be the same.” One way to consolidate corridor the different domains, said Martin Wennberg, transportation applica - Nigel Hughes: “All the domains must be Gunwant Dhadyalla: “The interaction between tions engineer at Mentor brought together.” the human and the vehicle is critical.” Graphics, was to use a reference platform. he software con - tations of modern vehi - move to connected and we are going to reduce “The trends in automo - tent of a modern cles.” autonomous vehicles, time to market and re - tive,” he said, “were to vehicle has be - The level of complex - ISO26262 has to be re - duce the costs,” he said. reduce costs, increase come a big part of the ity this involves was vised and reassessed as “But we don’t want to performance and quality, Tdecision-making process aptly illustrated by Gun - to how we deal with compromise on quality.” increase safety with ref - when buying a new car. want Dhadyalla, princi - functional safety.” Electrical systems are erence to ISO26262, and Consumer expectations pal engineer at the But he said that when also the third most popu - shrink the time to mar - are rising as they see University of Warwick, designing modern vehi - lar reason for a recall, ket. But what is consoli - other electronic products who pointed out that a cles, the human-machine behind seatbelts and dation? In a vehicle, updated every year. This premium car today could interface and the way speed control, and are in - there are different func - Paul Jarvie (pictured), network director for Aesin (Automotive Electronic was the view from Nigel have 100 million lines of humans behaved in a ve - volved in some of the tions with different net - Systems Innovation Network), a UK initiative focussed on accelerating Hughes, product market - code, compared with just hicle were important ele - other reasons. works. The idea of electronic systems into vehicles, said one of the key challenges on UK ing manager for Mentor 6.5 million on a Boeing ments. “The complexity in consolidation is to put roads was congestion, which was costing the country about £4bn a year. Graphics, as he opened 787. And that 80 to 90 “The interaction be - vehicles is going out of the different domains in And the average commute in the UK is between 47 and 58 minutes. But a the company’s automo - per cent of vehicle inno - tween the human and the control,” said Alec the same box.” lot of the work to relieve this could be done on a small number of roads tive forum at the Univer - vations come via the vehicle is critical,” he Sinclair, lead engineer The problem has arisen as just 2.4 per cent of the roads carry a third of all traffic and 67 per cent sity of Warwick in electrical and software said. “You can’t divorce at Tata Motors’ European because of disconnected of all freight. This is why Aesin is involved in connected corridor projects. Coventry, UK. systems. A half to two- the two.” technical centre. “Every development and design, “The project will use existing network practices,” he said, “for both the “It is a lot less ‘here’s thirds of R&D costs for Ahsan Shamin, field time you add a new fea - said Thomas Heurung, IT and automotive industry to demonstrate what is possible in a con - the car, where’s the cus - embedded systems are project engineer at Men - ture, you double the technical manager at nected car architecture when combined with a wireless corridor.” tomer’ and more ‘here is software related as are tor Graphics, also ac - complexity.” Mentor Graphics. The aim is for the result of this to be tested on a major motorway in the the customer and where 40 per cent of production knowledged the growing He said there was con - “It is important to UK. is the car to satisfy costs. complexity. stant pressure to increase change that so you don’t “We have completed the feasibility and business case,” he said. The next them’,” he said. “All the “Yet we cannot deliver “The electronics and quality levels but also to keep building up and step is to have an off-site moving demonstration by the end of this year domains must be brought systems to the customer electrical systems will be closer to the cus - building up,” he said. with an on-site live demonstration within a year to 18 months. together to keep pace if they are not depend - need to address the chal - tomer. “Being data driven is the with the customer expec - able,” he said. “As we lenges of complexity if “You need to be more key aspect to eliminate

Page 9, July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 10 as they are introduced. It lamps can’t fail. Adas is tier-two segment. The of benefits,” he said. Au - fundamentally changes the new area; everybody fourth segment is the tosar can manage com - the game. And a data- is talking about it and SoC choice.” plexity, simplify centric flow is critical to there are demands for But the infotainment integration, allow design stop these errors creep - performance and safety. and driver information reuse, provide functional ing back in during the The ECU domain is the segments are already safety certification, aid flow.” focus for all the do - merging. maintenance throughout mains. Autosar links it “We are moving more the vehicle life, automate Domains together, but there are towards a complete design, and provide sup - The four domains con - mixed topologies with graphical environment,” ply chain efficiency. sidered at the conference Can, Lin, Flexray, Ether - he said. “The set up for “Complex in-car sys - for consolidation were net and so on.” the instrument cluster is tems need to communi - in-vehicle infotainment With infotainment, the very similar to what we cate efficiently,” he said. (IVI), driver informa - human-machine inter - see for infotainment. The “There is a plethora of tion, adas and the ECUs. face is normally con - difference is the safety buses with different Infotainment combines trolled by the car requirements.” bandwidth requirements. audio and video but with manufacturer. The appli - On adas, the focus is Less hardware means no real safety implica - cations are usually a on active safety. “This is less cost. With the new, tions. combination between the a very hot topic at the powerful SoCs, we be - “The kids may be upset OEM and the tier-one moment and does impact lieve Autosar is the plat - Ahsan Shamin: “We don’t want to Chris Shaw: “Feedback must be focussed if their game is lagging, suppliers. The third seg - safety requirements very form we can use to bring compromise on quality.” and it must be right there.” but that doesn’t create a ment is the embedded much,” he said. it all together. But, of safety problem,” said software platform, He said the different course, there are chal - Wennberg. “But with “This is where Mentor domains would, in the lenges.” different domains into be to use a hypervisor to “The bandwidth of very good. Can and driver information, there Graphics operates,” said future, be connected by The first of these is one ECU means combin - share resources. Or the Ethernet can be achieved Flexray have a static is a safety issue. Warning Wennberg. “This is the Autosar. “There are a lot safety related. Putting ing different safety re - Autosar could be run by at a reasonable price,” configuration whereas quirements and Linux. The downside is said Tibor Kovacs, auto - Ethernet can be static or managing inter-domain that the start-up time motive network designer dynamic. The message communications. Shar - would be a little longer, at Mentor Graphics. “It size with Ethernet can be ing the software and which makes it not suit - is more expensive than big rather than small or hardware resources can able in many cases. Can and Flexray but it is medium with Can and be quite complicated. And Shamim added: much faster. And the Flexray. “One way to resolve “Autosar is one of the speed of Ethernet will be “Analysis with Ether - this is to use a multi-core standards that specifies extended.” SoC,” he said. “You can, how to handle variants.” Apart from providing a say, divide it into two high bandwidth at a Networks cores where one has the moderate cost, protocols safety class function and The move within auto - are available out of the the other is the non- motive to Ethernet as the box and it is easy to con - safety-critical side. And main communications nect to external networks you combine these into a network is gaining trac - and consumer devices. safe graphics driver.” tion. Its speed of There is also a lot of in - There are also different 100Mbit/s scores much dustry knowhow. ways of adding Autosar better than Can’s 2Mbit/s Can and Flexray use to the different domains. or Flexray’s 10Mbit/s, shared communications Alec Sinclair: “The It could be bare metal on which are not enough for channels whereas Ether - complexity in a separate core, but con - many modern communi - net uses a switched Martin Wennberg: “Complex in-car systems Thomas Heurung: “Being data driven is the vehicles is going nections would be cations needs within a channel. The scalability need to communicate efficiently.” key aspect to eliminate the tsunami.” out of control.” needed. Another would vehicle. with Ethernet is also

Page 11 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 12 Changes net is more complex,” ware and tool support it as a threat to Ethernet. said Kovacs. “It is not as available. Everything is “I see Most as fading During the design simple as with Can. Eth - ready to start working out,” he said. “It is ex - process there are always ernet can be used for with Ethernet.” pensive and I think it has going to be changes, but connecting multiple do - One possible challenge reached its limits. It is the trick is to manage mains. Ethernet is an though is Most at not as easy to deploy in these changes. The ear - emerging, cost efficient 150Mbit/s, and it is de - the car. And Ethernet has lier in the design but complex technology. signed for automotive. the potential to become process, the easier it is to There is hardware, soft - But Kovacs does not see faster.” make changes, but sys - tems should be in place to handle late changes. “At the start, there is a Keeping the high degree of flexibility and you can change the design as you want,” heat out of said Chris Shaw, appli - cations engineer at Men - headlights tor Graphics. “But as more is added to the de - sign, that flexibility goes away; it become harder to make changes and it costs more. Late changes can also lead to mistakes Delegates at the Mentor Automotive Forum at the University of Warwick being made. Fixing those mistakes can have a huge effect on cost.” different cause and effect them. But tools such as Hughes added: “The mechanisms. design rule checkers, he cost of solving a prob - “Feedback must be fo - said, were a “great way” lem is about 30 times cussed,” he said. “And it of catching errors as they more if found at the re - must be right there, not were made. call stage rather than on a different computer, Conclusion Thermal simulation can be a game-changing process for designing head - early in the design cycle. so the engineer can focus lights, believes Matt Milne (pictured), application engineer in Mentor It also gives you a poor on the task in hand with - Though technologies Graphics’ mechanical analysis department. The company’s Flo EFD com - reputation for quality in out breaking the thought such as simulation and putational fluid dynamics (CFD) software can be embedded directly inside the market.” process.” analysis can help engi - many cad systems to help with this. Changes, though, said Finally, the feedback neers optimise a system, “This makes it easier to use as you can carry on working directly in Shaw, were inevitable. must be flexible and pre - they are not the whole your mechanical cad system,” said Milne. “All the processes you sented in a natural way story. And while design This technology was originally developed by Flomerics, which Mentor put in place are not with tables and graphs rule checks help catch acquired in 2008. It is a general-purpose tool that can be applied to vari - going to stop changes that inform the engineer. errors early, to eliminate ous systems within the automotive sector. happening,” he said. Though simulation errors a correct-by-con - During the conference, Milne demonstrated how it worked with a head - “The answer is to put a sounded an obvious struction process is re - light unit. With no cooling, it showed the LEDs were overheating. Adding process in place that route to solving prob - quired. fans to the simulation helped them run cooler. The tool also simulated manages the changes.” lems early, typically, said “This frees humans to cold, with ice and condensation forming. Here, feedback is im - Hughes, there were a innovate,” said Hughes. “This general-purpose tool was originally developed for the Soviet space portant. It must be quick small number of simula - “A data-centric flow is programme,” he said. and automatic to let the tion experts and lots of essential for keeping er - Tibor Kovacs: “I see Most as fading out.” engineers understand the people throwing data at rors out.”

Page 13 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 14 CONNECTED CARS CONNECTED CARS PAY AS YOU GO

Mathieu Basiac explores how an automobile can be turned into a continuous revenue stream

Page 15 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 16 CONNECTED CARS CONNECTED CARS

ar makers face a financial poised to take advantage of those leave for two weeks of summer conundrum. They spend shifting needs and profit from camp, giving the parents an op - billions of dollars invest - them. Not yet, anyway. But that is portunity to take a romantic tour - ing in new features and technol - changing. ing vacation through the Alps. ogy to keep customers in their Because it’s a vacation, the par - C Automobile-as-a-service showrooms, but they have a very ents want to have a fun and excit - narrow window of opportunity to What if a vehicle’s purchase rep - ing touring car for their adventure, turn that investment into revenue. resented the beginning of the so they leave the boring sedan at A typical family may purchase a manufacturers revenue stream and home and they rent a high-end car every four or five years. So not the end? What if the vehicle sports sedan that has more power, during that time the manufacturer could be continually enhanced, GPS and satellite radio – all fea - must wait, and wait some more, upgraded, downgraded and modi - tures that they wouldn’t splurge unable to delight that family with fied based on the evolving needs on for their quotidian family its latest innovations until a new and tastes of the customer? What sedan. purchase is in the offing. In the if it could become like a service, This scenario is a perfect illus - meantime, that same family is serving the needs of its owner in tration of why a car is actually a spending money on lots of other evolving ways over its useful life? service and not a static object. The goods and services to address its What would that look like, and family’s driving needs change ac - constantly evolving daily needs. what do car makers need to do to cording to who is driving and the Car makers are losing out on this make this a reality? purposes for which it is being daily spending stream. Consider the following scenario: used. With the kids away and the In fact, our fictional family’s au - our fictional family of four has a parents stealing away for an ad - tomobile needs are shifting and limited automobile budget and venturous adult vacation, their evolving constantly over the life they’re in the market to replace needs and tastes have temporarily The features of a car no longer need to be fixed at the time of purchase of the car. A vehicle is really a their current vehicle. Their pri - shifted. Because the family car no service – different family drivers mary needs are modest – a safe, longer suits their temporary needs, have different needs, tastes and reliable vehicle to be driven they purchased a substitute – Today, the manufacturer could sales of hardware upgrades, apps fers Sync in four editions based preferences – they use the auto - mostly locally to get the kids to rental car. accommodate our family’s needs and services. The recipe driving on levels of features, bundled mobile differently and value dif - school and do the family errands. The rental fee is lost revenue for and capture this revenue in sec - the transformation of car makers services and optional subscription ferent aspects of the vehicle’s They purchase a mid-market the car maker. Why? Because the onds with a few clicks of the consists of essential ingredients: plans. capabilities depending on what is sedan with a modest engine and a vehicle it sold could not be cus - mouse. platform plus apps plus service. Ford Sync illustrates several happening at that particular time. package of no-frill features in - tomised to accommodate the tem - In the above scenario, the car This is delivered through a combi - strategies to grow revenues from a The problem is the automobile cluding basic radio. porary needs of our child-free, maker would need to do several nation of hardware platform (the platform plus apps plus services manufacturing industry is not But over the summer, the kids adventure-seeking parents. things to capture the incremental vehicle and its component parts), approach. It manufacturers a sin - Historically, technology limita - revenue that the parents, instead, software applications that control gle infotainment model, contain - tions made it impossible for man - spent with the rental agency. How features and functionality of the ing all the features and ufacturers to accommodate the could this be physically and eco - vehicle hardware, and software functionality possible regardless needs of the parents in this sce - nomically feasible? licensing and entitlement manage - of package purchased. This model nario. Under the traditional manu - The question speaks to the ment which controls which can be likened to an IPhone, facturing model, the family sedan looming transformation of busi - features, functions and services which contains all the features and quite literally would have to be ness models in the automotive in - customers can access based on functionality possible, such as temporarily retrofitted with new dustry. A business that is what they’ve paid. camera, GPS, phone and so on. hardware – a larger engine, GPS characterised by occasional vehi - Ford Motor is heading in that di - These features get activated equipment, infotainment system cle sales today is soon to become rection. Ford Sync is an early ex - through software licensing and that includes satellite radio – a the automobile-as-a-service, creat - ample of a next generation entitlement management, depend - scenario that would be unfeasible, ing an on-going relationship be - connected software-driven dash - ing on which apps are purchased. How an automobile-as-a-service model could work prohibitively expensive and im - tween car makers and consumers board or vehicle information and Software is used to access the for updating a GPS system practical. with recurring revenues from communications system. Ford of - infotainment system. A single

Page 17 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 18 CONNECTED CARS CONNECTED CARS

A platform plus apps plus serv - parents taking their childless va - the different ways drivers might it is for data uploads from and achieving business goals. ices model allows a car maker cation would have had an alterna - have purchased apps and services, downloads to automobiles at the Embedding software, controlled endless revenue possibilities. For tive to renting a sports automobile ranging from try-before-you-buy, heart of many of these processes. via licensing and entitlement man - example, Ford has also partnered for their adventure subscription models, freemium While some of this might still be agement, is the enabling technol - with an insurance provider to They simply would need to sign models, pay-by-use, outright pur - hypothetical at this stage in the in - ogy that can help car makers track and transmit mileage data, onto their vehicle portal and click chases and so on. All this can be - dustry, the technology already ex - transform their vehicles into infi - resulting in improved insurance on the upgrade features they come quite complicated very ists and is being used in many nitely customisable, upgradable rates for drivers. These creative wanted temporarily for their sedan quickly, but tracking and manag - types of intelligent devices across services that can generate revenue services provide Ford with recur - – an engine upgrade from 200 to ing consumer entitlements is an industry sectors such as telecoms, throughout their useful lives. ring revenues, in addition to an in - 500 horsepower, an upgrade in the essential pre-requisite to making medical devices, oil and gas, test Mathieu crease in customer loyalty for not infotainment system to include this real. and measurement, and building Basiac only Ford, but for its entire net - GPS navigation capabilities and These lifecycle processes in - automation. is vice work, such as its insurance maps, and an upgrade to the satel - clude: app installation and activa - Making cars more intelligent president provider partner. lite radio package. They would tion; subscription management; will extend their life, enable the of product Electric vehicle makers such as specify the time duration (two firmware and app updates; device creation of new revenue streams, manage - BMW have also embraced these weeks), and the portal would gen - platform provisioning, configura - automate support, reduce manu - Drivers can download different ment at ideas by partnering with automo - erate an invoice for the two week tion management, device monitor - facturing costs and grow the cus - features from the cloud Flexera bile charging networks. The dash - upgrade – say €300, which could ing and remote management; app tomer base. In doing so, car Software board of these cars have services be paid automatically. Once the upgrades; and other changes to makers will transform their vehi - software product can be sliced and such as maps of charging stations, transaction clears, the family’s entitlements. Internet connectivity cles into platforms, greatly ex - diced based on software features and include an option to reserve a temporary entitlements are is a key enabler for automation of panding their marketplace, to create packages targeting spe - charging spot at each station. In processed and a signal is sent to firmware and software updates, as increasing profitability and cific consumer sectors. This helps the future, drivers would be able the car, upgrading the software li - Ford create offers at different to record and store their driving cences, unlocking the upgraded price points based on customer profiles in the cloud and down - functionality for the specified need and willingness to pay, with - load them to any vehicle they time. out having to acquire manufactur - choose to drive, just as a smart - Supply chain ing costs for a specialised phone records roaming history. In hardware model for each need. addition, drivers would be able to The transition to a software-dri - For example, the Wifi hotspot is log into their car and receive the ven business provides tremendous available in one package but not correct seat adjustment, thermo - opportunity for car makers to in others, allowing car makers to stat settings, radio channels, grow revenues. So how do they generate revenues from customers games and more. make the transition? A software- that want such features without Internet connectivity anywhere, driven business transformation having to manufacture distinct anytime in cars is the key enabler would require car makers to re- hardware models. In addition, for this model. As Gartner points think product packaging and busi - several services are bundled in out, a connected vehicle experi - ness models based on how Ford Sync; some require a sub - ence provides the opportunity to consumers want to use vehicles scription, while others are part of move beyond a vehicle-sale-cen - and related apps and services. As a package. For example, vehicle tric business model and towards the Ford Sync example illustrates, health reports, which send engine various monetisation opportuni - car makers will need to segment diagnostic information to the Ford ties focussed on the sum of the au - their customers more and create portal, are available in packages. tomobile ownership, driving tailored offerings at different Personalised traffic alerts and experience and user-related as - prices points. satellite radio, on the other hand, pects. Every driver and vehicle could require a subscription plan. Lastly, Once a car maker upgrades its be configured differently based on features such as HD radio are manufacturing supply chain to ac - the device platforms (for example, Ford Sync illustrates several strategies to grow revenues from a available as a pay-per-song commodate a software and licens - dashboard system), related apps platform plus apps plus services approach model, similar to ITunes. ing driven model, our fictitious and services. Layered on top are

Page 19 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 20 CONNECTED CARS CONNECTED CARS Don’t reinvent the wheel Lars Reger says data security lessons can be learned from the banking industry to protect the connected driver

Safety and security are key issues as cars become more connected

Page 21 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 22 CONNECTED CARS CONNECTED CARS

decades – banking. emergency brake, it would only for different cards. Based on these and multifaceted security process. This bodes well for one of the have a few milliseconds to data, it is possible to verify if a As a result, banks have some of most recent additions to the con - process and implement the com - new PIN that has been entered the most secure networks and sys - nected world – the connected car. mand. During this time, several into the ATM machine really be - tems of any industry. Replicating Today, autonomous driving is no hundred encrypted messages will longs to that specific card. this kind of approach and priori - longer a sci-fi dream but a reality be sent and received from the cars The same technology can also tising robust security processes of the not too distant future. and surrounding infrastructure via be used to protect personal data that constantly evolve with poten - That’s why there is now a very V2X communications, telematics within connected cars and to ver - tial threats will be essential for the real need to provide mission criti - and other wireless connections. As ify who can have access to the in - automotive industry to prove the cal security measures in the auto - well as receiving the command, frastructure. So in the smarter connected car and autonomous motive world. But automotive the messages also need to be veri - world when a coffee order and driving will be a secure and safe manufacturers and service fied and authenticated as coming payment information is sent to a form of transport, gain the trust of providers don’t need to reinvent from a trustworthy source. Once service station five kilometres drivers and ultimately encourage the wheel. They should instead be this verification process is com - away, the secured IT communica - adoption. looking to learn from industries pleted, the car will have clearance tions will ensure the signal isn’t that have mature processes in to apply the emergency brake. intercepted by an unauthorised place to ensure security and pro - This process is a mirror of what user posing as a service station. tect customer data, and adapt is currently used in the banking To enable these systems, the used these tried and test measures to industry – albeit at greater speed chips have to be optimally pro - meet their needs. and complexity – and when car - tected against hacking so potential As leading experts in imple - ried out effectively will guarantee hackers are unable to read the en - menting mission critical security, there is no interference from out - cryption algorithms and manipu - the banking and e-government side elements trying to disrupt the late the transmitted data. sectors are in a prime position to connectivity between the various Security lessons teach the automotive industry vehicle-to-X (V2X) communica - about this area. tions technologies or to manipu - The banking industry has fallen late critical car functions. victim to numerous data breaches Fortified networks and cyber-attacks over the years. Personal information The banking industry seeks to However, by regularly upgrading Lars Reger is CTO for protect every aspect of transac - Another precondition for making and adapting its security, the in - automotive at NXP tions and cash withdrawals, from V2X communications a success is dustry has developed an intricate end to end. The same secure ar - the protection of personal data, chitectures, including software al - such as location information or gorithms and secure hardware, driver ID, which could be stored can also be used to protect the within the smart and secure vehi - connected car. cles of the future. Could the same technology that keeps ATMs secure Take for example withdrawing Key elements of secure systems be used in connected cars? money from an ATM or cashpoint are so called roots of trust or trust machine. Once a card has been in - anchors, which contain and pro - serted, multiple signals are sent tect specific data. These trust an - here is no denying that world relies on critical functions from the ATM to the bank, which chors are small crypto-chips that technology has revolu - and personal information being in turn verifies the personal identi - are today also used in products tionised our lives. Day-to- wirelessly transmitted. However, fication number (PIN). This al - such as banking cards, passports day activities such as working, the main priority is for this to be lows the bank to ensure that the and health cards. To authorise a Ttravelling, shopping and staying done securely, reducing any risk card belongs to the right customer new card, encrypted signals are healthy have been made easier to customer products or customer and that it is a valid card. sent to a trust centre to verify the thanks to our world becoming data. Thankfully, one sector has This same procedure can be ap - authenticity of such a card. Within smarter and more connected. been protecting its customers plied to the connected car. If a car the trust centre, a protected data - Who will protect the data when cars talk to each other? The success of the connected from these vulnerabilities for needed to apply autonomously an base exists that contains the data

Page 23 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 24 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

SHADES OF GREY MATTER

Jaguar Land Rover road safety research includes brain wave monitoring to improve driver concentration and reduce accidents

Page 25 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 26 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT

Mind Sense does not detect a Jaguar Land Rover is conducting So our research team is looking at surge in brain activity following user trials to collect more infor - the potential for a range of driver the car displaying a warning icon mation on the different brain - monitoring technologies to give or sound, then it could display it waves identified through the the car enough information to sup - again, or communicate with the steering wheel sensors and will in - port this decision. If the car de - driver in a different way, to ensure volve leading neuroscientists in tects severe health issues, or the driver is made aware of a po - the project to verify the results. simply how alert the driver is, tential hazard.” then the car could take steps to en - Wellness monitoring The most common method for sure the driver is focussed enough monitoring brainwaves is close to The car maker is assessing how a on the driving task to take over.” the source using sensors attached vehicle could monitor the well- Monitoring the physical health to a headband, something that being of the driver using a med - of the driver could not only detect How a leap motion sensor is used to detect hand How the technology can be directly applied to a would be impractical in a vehicle. ical-grade sensor embedded in the the onset of sudden and serious movement: With the individual's hand on the button selection action: Through the use of the Jaguar Land Rover is investigat - seat of a Jaguar XJ. The sensor, illness that may incapacitate the screen, the sensor detects full movement, includ - leap motion sensor, the individual can select a ing a method already used by which was originally developed driver, but also allow the car to ing that of individual fingers button in mid-air without making contact with Nasa to develop a pilot’s concen - for use in hospitals, has been monitor driver stress levels. This the screen – the selected button is highlighted tration skills and by the US bob - adapted for in-car use and detects would then allow the car to help with the red circle around it sleigh team to enhance vibrations from the driver’s heart reduce stress, for example by concentration and focus. beat and breathing. changing mood lighting, audio aguar Land Rover’s pioneer - stress, fatigue and lack of concen - driver isn’t paying attention to the This detects brainwaves through “As we develop more au - settings and climate control. tration. The UK-based team is driving task. They may miss a the hands via sensors embedded in tonomous driving technologies, ing Mind Sense project is re - Predictive screen searching measuring also looking at innovations that warning icon or sound, or be less the steering wheel. Because the there will be instances when the brainwaves to monitor driver con - would reduce the amount of time aware of other road users so we sensing is taking place further autonomous car needs to hand Technology can increase the speed Jcentration in the car. Researchers the driver’s eyes are off the road are looking at how we could iden - away from the driver’s head, soft - control back to the driver,” said and efficiency of the interaction are also developing a wellness while driving, and how to com - tify this and prevent it causing an ware is used to amplify the signal Epple. “To do this safely, the car between the driver and the info - seat in a Jaguar XJ that can analy - municate with the driver via accident.” and filter out the pure brainwave will need to know if the driver is tainment screen. The aim is to re - pulses and vibrations through the from any background noise. alert and well enough to take over. duce driver distraction by ses the driver’s heart rate and Mind sense breathing to monitor driver health accelerator pedal. and stress. “We believe some of the tech - The basis of Jaguar Land Rover’s Other products in development nologies currently being used in Mind Sense research is to see if a include touchscreens that predict aerospace and medicine could car could effectively read the which button the driver wants to help improve road safety and en - brainwaves that indicate a driver press as the user’s fingers are in hance the driving experience,” is beginning to daydream, or feel - mid-air to reduce time spent with said Wolfgang Epple, Jaguar Land ing sleepy, while driving. eyes off the road and a haptic ac - Rover director of research and The human brain continually celerator pedal to communicate technology. “The car is becoming generates four or more distinct hazards to the driver. more intelligent and more able to brainwaves at different frequen - The overall aim of these road utilise cutting-edge sensors. These cies. By continually monitoring safety technology research proj - research projects are investigating which type of brainwave is domi - ects is to reduce the number of ac - how we could exploit this for the nant, an on-board computer could cidents caused by drivers who are benefit of our customers and other potentially assess whether a driver stressed, distracted and not con - road users. is focussed, daydreaming, sleepy centrating on the road ahead. “One key piece of new research or distracted. The Sixth Sense research proj - is to see how we could measure “If brain activity indicates a ects use advanced technology – brainwaves to monitor if the daydream or poor concentration, from sports, medicine and aero - driver is alert and concentrating then the steering wheel or pedals space – to monitor the driver’s on driving. Even if the eyes are on could vibrate to raise the driver’s heart rate, respiration and levels the road, a lack of concentration awareness and re-engage them Elements of Jaguar Land Rover’s Sixth Sense project of brain activity to identify driver or a daydream will mean the with driving,” said Epple. “If

Page 27 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 28 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC

the amount of time the driver is To create these sensations in the looking at the screen with their accelerator pedal, an actuator sits eyes off the road. at the top of the pedal arm and al - The system could also use mid- lows for vibrations or pulses to be LOAD air touch to provide the driver passed through to the foot of the with a sensation, otherwise known driver. The technology also uses a as haptic feedback, that their but - torque motor that can create re - UP ton selection has been successful. sistance in the pedal feel. Mid-air touch uses ultrasonics to This resistance could be used to create a touch sensation in mid-air notify the driver that they are without the skin needing to be in pushing the accelerator through a contact with any surface. The sen - speed limit. Alternatively, if you sations could include a tap on a were crawling along in traffic a finger or a tingling on the finger - timely warning through the accel - tips. As touch provides an imme - erator could prevent you bumping diate response to the brain, there into the car in front. will be no need for drivers to “To avoid saturating the driver glance at the screen for visual with more visuals and sounds, Haptic accelerator pedal could confirmation which would help which could overload and distract help drivers respond correctly keep their gaze on the road ahead. them, we are exploring other ways for the car to communicate with Haptic pedal reducing the amount of time the the driver,” said Epple. “With our driver’s eyes are on the screen. Haptics could also be used to haptic pedals research we are in - “The driver will instinctively communicate with the driver vestigating non-visual ways to look at the infotainment screen or through the accelerator pedal to communicate which would enable Xilinx has had several design wins on the Ford F-150 dashboard when pressing buttons increase the speed of response and the driver to make smarter and to select navigation, music or the to ensure the correct action is faster decisions and reduce the po - telephone,” said Epple. “It’s intu - taken. tential for accidents.” Steve Rogerson looks at the automotive thirty per cent of data centres itive. So our research is looking at could benefit from this.” Research into how we could take a current info - plans of Altera and Xilinx Intel plans to offer Altera’s sensing a finger tainment screen and increase the FPGA products with Intel Xeon before contact is speed and efficiency of this inter - here is no doubt that the to take control of its FPGA prod - processors as customised, inte - made action to minimise the time the automotive programmable ucts for use in IoT infrastructure grated products. The companies driver’s eyes are away from the logic market heated up last applications. The acquisition will also expect to enhance Altera’s road and their hand is off the month as both major players – couple Intel’s products and manu - products through design and man - steering wheel.” TAltera and Xilinx – hit the news. facturing process with Altera’s ufacturing improvements resulting The predictive infotainment Altera was the big story, as Intel FPGA technology. The combina - from Intel’s integrated device screen prototype uses cameras announced it was acquiring the tion is expected to enable new manufacturing model. embedded in the car to track the company, almost overshadowing classes of products that meet cus - “This is a dramatic piece of driver’s hand movements and this the announcement of its Stratix 10 tomer needs in the data centre and news,” said Balough. “It is Intel’s enables the system to predict family, which could have major IoT market segments. largest acquisition price in its his - which button the driver intends to implications in the autonomous “I think this is a very cool tory. There is clearly a lot of value press. This allows successful but - vehicles market. But Xilinx was move,” said Chris Balough, senior they place on our technology.” ton selection to take place in mid- determined not to be outdone as it director for Altera. “It will be With $2bn in 2014 revenues, Al - air, which means users wouldn’t revealed its revised automotive good for us. Intel is looking at tera is the second-largest – behind have to touch the screen itself. In roadmap. merging their processors with our Xilinx – supplier of programma - user trials, this increases the speed But first Altera. Intel announced FPGAs. Imagine a new class of ble logic devices and SoC FPGAs. of successful button selection by it was buying the California com - products that merge our technol - There are many applications and 22 per cent and therefore reduces pany for US$16.7bn as it sought ogy with their technology. About markets where a high-perfor -

Page 29 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 30 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC

mance MPU and configurable The Stratix 10 is a major step up Combining what is claimed to logic are designed to work side by from previous Altera products and be the industry’s highest perform - side – industrial applications for it is targeted right at data centres ance, highest density FPGA with military and aerospace, manufac - and IoT infrastructure applica - advanced embedded processing turing and process control, auto - tions, the area that Intel is desper - capabilities, GPU-class floating motive applications, security and ate to dominate as its core PC point computation performance surveillance, and broadcast, and business slides. But interestingly, and heterogeneous 3D SiP inte - more. Even in high-performance trials of autonomous vehicles are gration, enables users to address computing, FPGAs perform co- being seen as a key area for the design challenges in the next gen - processing functions. FPGAs and SoCs, according to eration of communications, data Craig Davis, the company’s prod - centre, IoT infrastructure, military Stratix 10 uct marketing manager. and high-performance computing However, could Altera’s Stratix They use Altera’s HyperFlex systems. 10 be the jewel that Intel wanted FPGA fabric architecture built on However, Davis said the device with this takeover? Even though the Intel 14nm tri-gate process to was also attracting interest from Stephan Janouch: “The path to Craig Davis: “For autonomous Chris Balough: “There is details of the FPGAs and SoCs provide double the core perform - car manufacturers carrying out tri - autonomous driving is marked testing, that is happening; they clearly a lot of value Intel were only made public after the ance over previous generation als of autonomous vehicles. pretty clearly.” are a good fit.” places on our technology.” takeover announcement, Intel has FPGAs. The devices are based on “These are for the prototypes known about them for some time quad-core Arm Cortex-A53 where they are willing to spend ally suitable for current adas func - could lead to a more x86-centric gen. It now has a 60 per cent share – they use Intel technology and processors and have 10Tflops on a the money,” he said. “We have tions, as there were other devices approach, neglecting growing in automotive PLDs. Intel is the exclusive foundry for single piece of silicon. They can had interest from some of the car in Altera’s range that were a better Arm-based applications. “We are in the top ten of global Altera and thus has access to its have up to 5.5 million logic ele - makers doing this.” fit. “Our strategic goal is to expand automotive processor and logic roadmap. ments. He said the devices were not re - “But for the autonomous testing, our user base fivefold in five suppliers and expect to be number that is happening,” he said. “They years, enabling FPGA, software seven or eight within the next 12 are a good fit.” and system engineers to directly months,” said Stephan Janouch, programme Xilinx all-program - senior manager for automotive at Xilinx mable devices,” said Gavrielov. Xilinx. “This is due to our pres - Not surprisingly, Xilinx has not “We also intend to play a central ence in the adas market.” been quiet while all this has been role in the key industry drivers of The company’s focus is on the going on. The company was quick 5G, software-defined networking, adas, infotainment and driver in - to put out a statement reasserting network function virtualisation, formation markets rather than in its commitment to its existing cloud computing, industrial IoT the powertrain area where there is roadmaps, markets and industry and video and vision applications, a demand for up to 150˚C ambient drivers, in particular its continued including adas and the roadmap to temperatures. expansion of its FPGAs, 3D ICs autonomous vehicles.” “The highest we specify is and Arm-based SoCs. To back this up, the company 125˚C, and in reality this is not “Xilinx is totally committed to did a series of briefings to reas - sufficient for powertrain applica - our existing roadmap and highly sure people of its continued com - tions,” said Janouch. “We have valued customers across all exist - mitment to automotive, a market been looking at some powertrain ing markets, including, but not that it has been in since 2002 and applications where we would have limited to aerospace and defence, in which it won its first major suc - a value proposition, but it doesn’t test and measurement, ISM, cess in 2004 with Mercedes-Benz make sense for us to compete in a automotive, broadcast, wired for radar assisted adaptive cruise market where customers are using communications, wireless com - control. On the Ford F-150, the $1 microcontrollers. There is not munications and data centres,” highest selling petrol vehicle in enough meat for us.” said Moshe Gavrielov, CEO of North America, it has several de - The company has six technolo - Xilinx. sign wins as well as in Japan with gies that meet AEC-Q100 and are The statement even speculated Honda, Acura and Isuzu and in in volume production at OEMs. Stratix 10 is a major step up from previous Altera products that the Intel-Altera partnership Europe with Audi and Volkswa - There are four in the FPGA sector

Page 31 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 32 PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DRIVER ASSISTANCE

– S2E 0.15µm, S3 90nm, S6 this will grow further. the host controller.” 45nm and Zynq and Artix 28nm – “The path to autonomous driv - Features will include a four and two in CPLDs – CRII 0.18µm ing is marked pretty clearly,” he times better performance per watt and 9500XL 0.35µm. The com - said. “We know the steps on the ratio than current Zynq devices. It Round the bend pany also has its home-made qual - way and we know where we are will consume more power but is ity system that it claims is double going. We want a flexible and hoped will deliver a lot more per - some of the requirements of AEC- scalable architecture that can formance. xiting blind junctions can Q100. work on low-end as well as high- For now, a lot of the focus is be a nerve-wracking expe - Out of its target automotive mar - end vehicles.” still on the Zynq 28nm all-pro - rience for drivers, as they kets, infotainment is where it get - One of the big steps for semi- grammable SoC, which is already inch forward into traffic and strain ting the most revenue but adas is autonomous driving will be the in production at several OEMs. Eto see and hear oncoming vehi - where the company has the most Zynq Ultrascale+, which is sched - “We believe by 2020 this will be cles. To help, Ford is introducing design wins. uled for volume production for responsible for more than half of a camera technology that can see “In the not so distant future, we automotive by mid-2017. Devel - our automotive revenue,” he said. around corners, even when drivers will generate more revenue with opment and discussions with cus - “However, it is almost impossible cannot, to help avert accidents. driver assistance,” said Janouch. tomers have already started and to win a design just with your own The front split view camera – “The growth rate for adas is a lot first silicon is expected by the end device, so we have built an available as an option on the all- higher than infotainment.” of this year. ecosystem around our offerings.” new Ford Galaxy and S-Max – He said a lot of this was due to “Selected customers have a lot This roadmap and ecosystem is displays a 180˚ view from the infotainment functions now being of the documentation already why Janouch is not worried about front of the car, using a video handled by standard chipsets, along with tools for up-front de - Altera having the future backing camera in the grille. At a blind whereas with adas the flexibility velopment,” said Janouch. “There of Intel. junction or exiting a driveway, the of programmable logic was a is already a software emulator and “I don’t see the Intel takeover of camera enables drivers to spot ap - major requirement. a hardware emulation board. In Altera as a threat to us,” he said. proaching vehicles, pedestrians or As car makers continue on their the future, Ultrascale+ will re - “We are not afraid of this combi - cyclists easily. goal towards autonomous driving, place several Zynq devices and nation.” “It’s not just blind junctions that that operates automatically when The front split view camera will can be stressful, sometimes an the windscreen wipers are acti - also be offered on the all-new overhanging tree, or bushes can vated. Ford Edge upscale SUV, available be the problem,” said Ronny Data recorded by the European in Europe later this year. Hause, engineer for driver assis - Road Safety Observatory Safety- “Pulling out on a blind junction tance electronic systems at Ford net project indicated that approxi - can be a tricky manoeuvre for of Europe. “Simply driving off mately 19 per cent of drivers new and experienced drivers driveways can be a challenge. involved in accidents at junctions alike,” said Keith Freeman, AA Much like a rear-view camera, experienced obstructions to view. quality training manager in the front split view camera is one of The UK Department of Transport UK, who also trains young drivers those technologies that people said that in 2013 vision affected as part of the Ford Driving Skills will soon find indispensable.” by external factors contributed to for Life programme. “The best ap - The first-in-segment technology 11 per cent of all road accidents. proach has traditionally been to is activated at the push of a but - “From sunrise to sunset, we simply lean forward to get the ton. A 1Mpixel camera in the front tested the front split view camera best view whilst creeping for - grille enables drivers to see a real- on all kinds of roads, congested wards with the windows wound time 180˚ view – both left and urban streets and areas with a lot down to listen for approaching ve - right – on the vehicle’s 20cm of cyclists and pedestrians,” hicles, but cyclists are a particular colour touchscreen. Drivers can Hause said. “Tackling tunnels, risk as they can’t be heard. This track road users that approach on narrow alleys and garages in all technology will certainly make either side and pass in front of the light conditions also meant we emerging from anywhere with a vehicle. The camera, just 33mm could ensure the technology restricted view so much safer and wide, is kept clear by a specially worked even when sunlight was the experience less nerve-wrack - Xilinx sees its Zynq range as the source of most of its automotive revenue going forward designed retractable jet-washer shining directly into the camera.” ing for those behind the wheel.”

Page 33 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 34 PRODUCTS PRODUCTS Hall sensor resists stress Rtos gets FPGAs and SoCs meet AEC-Q100 ISO26262 The A1260 vertical Hall- ring magnets with motors 24V and it incorporates stamp Flash-based FPGAs and The devices are said to effect sensor IC from Al - or encoders or other mov - EMC robustness to pro - Arm Cortex-M3 enabled be the most suitable alter - legro Microsystems is a ing or rotating assem - tect against high-voltage Express Logic’s Thread X SoC FPGAs from Micro- native to asics providing temperature-stable and blies, it is targeted at the transient events. rtos has been certified by semi have achieved AEC- a low power, cost-effec - stress-resistant magnetic automotive, communica - Qualified to AEC- SGS-TÜV Saar for use in Q100 grade two tive, secure and reliable sensing device for use in tions, consumer and in - Q100, it includes Zener the highest integrity lev - qualification. The Smart - device for automotive ap - harsh operating environ - dustrial markets. clamps, output short-cir - els of ISO26262. The in - Fusion 2 and Igloo 2 de - plications including adas, ments. Key applications in - cuit protection and re - dependent tester analysed vices are claimed to be V2V and V2X communi - The device is actuated clude motor commutation verse-battery protection. and verified the rtos for the only such devices in cations, and electric and by alternating north and and speed and direction High-temperature per - use in the development of the industry to provide hybrid engine control south polarity magnetic sensing in automotive formance is possible such systems. advanced security and units. fields in parallel with the window lifts, sunroofs through dynamic offset The company has also high reliability features The devices are targeted device’s branded face and tail or lift gates, white cancellation, which re - announced the royalty- critical for automotive ap - for the rapidly growing rather than perpendicular goods, automated win - duces the residual offset free rtos complies with all plications. hardware from tampering offers protection from automotive electronics to it as in a traditional dow blinds, garage door voltage normally caused required and mandatory “Security and reliability and cloning,” said Bruce neutron-induced firm segment, as well as the Hall-effect sensor. This openers and sliding by device over-moulding, rules of Misra C: 2004 are major concerns in au - Weyer, vice president and errors, helping customers industry’s growing de - enables system designers doors. temperature dependen - and 2012. tomotive applications, business unit manager at achieve zero defect mand for high reliability to achieve mechanical Included on chip are cies and thermal stress. ISO26262 defines func - and these devices assure Microsemi. “In addition, rate – an essential re - and security for zero de - configurations not feasi - voltage regulator, Hall- Typical operating point tional-safety processes the safety of our cus - the devices’ single event quirement in the automo - fect and tamper-free ap - ble with traditional planar voltage generator, small- (B OP ) is 25G, and its mag - throughout the develop - tomers’ design, data and upset (SEU) immunity tive industry.” plications. Hall sensors, including signal amplifier, chopper netic operating character - ment lifecycle for all au - replacing through-hole stabilisation, Schmitt trig - istics are specified across tomotive electronic and vesting in IP that is AEC- sip devices with minia - ger circuitry and an nmos the operating voltage and electrical safety-related Silicon-proven IP to Q100 tested and meets TS ture surface-mount output that can sink up to temperature ranges. systems. Consequently, 16949 quality manage - SOT23 ICs, saving space 25mA. There are two package the certification of Thread speed SoC development ment standards. AEC- and cost. The on-board regulator types: a modified X can simplify the certifi - Q100 outlines stress tests Optimised for the speed permits operation with SOT23W surface-mount cation process for auto - Silicon-proven IP from addresses AEC-Q100 and umentation needed to and reference test condi - and position sensing of supply voltages from 3 to package (type LH) that motive suppliers, saving Synopsys for automotive TS 16949. With the IP, complete their certifica - tions for the qualification switches with magnetic them time and money and applications can acceler - SoC designers can accel - tion processes. of automotive grade fields oriented perpendic - reducing their risk. ate SoC development. erate their functional Arc EM processors SoCs. By using IP tested ularly to the non-leaded With over two billion The Designware IP in - safety assessments and with SEP are for safety- against applicable AEC- edge of the package; and units deployed already, cludes Ethernet audio meet the quality levels re - critical embedded appli - Q100 specifications, de - an ultra-mini sip (type the pre-certified Thread X video bridging, LPDDR4, quired in automotive ap - cations and include the signers can reduce design UA), equipped for can provide manufactur - Mipi CSI-2 and DSI, plications such as for adas Asil D ready Arc risk and development through-hole mounting ers a priority-based, pre- HDMI, PCI Express, and infotainment. Metaware compiler. time for achieving SoC- and lead forming, that emptive-scheduling, fully USB, mobile storage, Ethernet AVB, The company is also in - level AEC-Q100. switches when a mag - deterministic rtos that can logic libraries, embedded LPDDR4 and embedded netic field is presented to reduce the hurdles in memories, non-volatile memory IP are certified the top edge of the pack - meeting ISO26262. memories, data convert - to be Asil B ready for age, parallel with the Express Logic verified ers, Arc EM processors ISO26262. This is deliv - branded face. Thread X Misra C com - with safety enhancement ered with safety packages Both packages are pliance for both the 2004 package (SEP), EV vision that include failure modes RoHS-compliant and lead and 2012 standards using processors and the sensor effects and diagnostic (Pb) free (suffix, -T), with IAR Embedded Work - and control IP subsystem. analysis reports as well as 100 per cent matt tin- bench C-Stat analysis The IP meets functional safety plans and manuals, plated lead frames. tool. safety requirements and giving designers the doc -

Page 35 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 36 PRODUCTS PRODUCTS TVS diodes suit AEC-Q101 Rotary position sensor meets Automotive TVS diodes ance and compact design interfaces, VCC bus and from Littelfuse can pro - of the TP6KE series gives other vulnerable circuits ISO26262 requirements tect sensitive electronic circuit designers the op - used in telecoms, com - equipment from voltage portunity to upgrade their puter, industrial and A high-speed magnetic transients induced by load circuit protection in an portable consumer elec - rotary position sensor for dump and other transient existing design footprint tronics applications. automotive applications voltage events. These or to design more robust Both unidirectional and is compatible with the re - AEC-Q101 qualified de - protection into new proj - bidirectional polarity de - quirements of ISO26262. vices have a 600W peak ects. vices offer 10 to 77V Providing accurate ab - pulse power dissipation They are suitable for standoff voltage, which solute and incremental rating in a standard use in high-density card fulfils design require - measurement outputs at DO-15 package and an designs for high reliabil - ments for automotive ap - speeds up to 28,000rpm, operating junction tem - ity and automotive appli - plications. 61000-4-4 standards. the AS5147P from AMS perature up to +175˚C. cations; they are also They comply with IEC They are provided in is for safety-critical appli - The electrical perform - useful for protecting IO 61000-4-2 and IEC tape-and-reel packaging. cations such as electric power steering, brake and Flexi TPMS connector accelerator pedals, pumps, double-clutch transmissions, starter mo - Flexi connectors for valves, which are notori - tors, alternators and those with a partially or the ISO26262 flow, fol - tion setting. A standard valves on tyre pressure ous for having no give, windscreen wiper motors. wholly electric drivetrain, lowing the SEooC (safety four-wire serial periph - monitoring systems unlike current valves. The device draws on which contain electric element out of context) eral interface allows a (TPMS) have been intro - These flexi connectors patented DAEC (dynamic motors and high current- and AoU (assumption of host microcontroller to duced by PCL as an alter - have a flexible rather than SPI flash memory angle error correction) carrying conductors. use) guidelines, thus read 14bit absolute angle native to a solid arm a solid arm, which allows technology to deliver ac - These stray magnetic helping manufacturers position data and to pro - connector, especially for them to flex and bend uses 90nm process curate position measure - fields are much stronger achieve the requirements gramme non-volatile set - direct TPMS – wheel when pushed hard on to a ments even at high than that of the small tar - of any Asil grade. tings without a dedicated mounted valve with solid tyre valve. This elimi - Amic Technology AEC- levels of reliability and rotation speeds. The get magnet with which a A safety manual and programmer. valve stem – the numbers nates the risk of snapping Q100-certified SPI (serial long-term sustainability DAEC compensation magnetic position sensor failure mode effects diag - Incremental movements of which are increasing the TPMS valve, which peripheral interface) mul - for demanding applica - scheme reduces the prop - is paired. nostic analysis document are indicated by a set of worldwide. can easily happen by tiple-IO NOR flash mem - tion supply chains. agation delay inherent in The differential sensing are provided, guiding de - ABI signals. The resolu - While current PCL con - being a little heavy- ory ICs are available from They come in memory the sensor’s signal chain principle of the magnetic signers on the way to tion of the ABI signal is nectors are more than ad - handed or clumsy. Solid State Supplies. For densities from 512k to to almost zero. Thus, the position sensors makes achieve their target Asil programmable to 4096 equate for traditional This also means they operation from -40 to 64Mbit, and various angle error is a negligible them immune by design grade in various applica - steps/1024 pulses, 2048 flexible tyre valves, tests are suitable for accessing +125˚C, the Amic A25L package styles including 0.02˚ at 1.7krpm, 0.17˚ at to stray magnetism. This tions. steps/512 pulses or 1024 show that with a long arm motorcycle valves, 3V SPI NOR flash devices sop, dip, uson, wson and 14.5krpm and 0.34˚ at means automotive system Internal diagnostic fun- steps/256 pulses per rev - connector (CO1 or CO3) which can be ob - are suitable for automo - BGA. 28krpm. designers can avoid the ctions support ISO26262 olution. Brushless DC a force of 90N causes structed by tive and industrial appli - Electrical characteris - The DAEC function need to incorporate bulky processes, including de - motors may be controlled failure, and with a short their cations. tics include maximum also enables the device to and expensive magnetic tection of magnetic field through a standard UVW arm connector (CO5) a large They are based on a ro - clock rate of 100MHz, refresh its measurement shielding into their prod - strength threshold and commutations interface force of 130N is re - brake discs. bust and proven 90nm 2.7 to 3.6V single supply output every 1.9µs. ucts,. The high sensitivity loss of magnet. with a programmable quired to break di - process platform, rather voltage for read, erase It has intrinsic immu - also enables the use of a Both absolute and in - number of pole pairs from rect TPMS than being implemented and programme opera - nity to stray magnetic small (6mm diameter), cremental angle measure - one to seven. The ab - in the latest 65nm flash tions, and standby cur - fields. Strong stray mag - low-cost target magnet. ments of a continuously solute angle position is technologies. This means, rents from 15 to 2µA for netic fields are present in The device was devel - rotating shaft are pro - also provided as a PWM- says the company, high the 64Mbit devices. vehicles, particularly oped in accordance with vided, with a zero-posi - encoded output signal.

Page 37 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 38 PRODUCTS PRODUCTS Microcontroller Vector network analysers speeds software development use simultaneous sweep

Freescale Semiconductor Automotive applica - For testing automotive has introduced the S32K, tions range from body cable, the ShockLine which it claims is the first and chassis control to two-port MS46522B and automotive microcon - touch-sensing interfaces, four-port MS46524B vec - troller designed to speed to communications gate - tor network analysers and simplify software de - ways and applications re - (VNA) from Anritsu have velopment significantly. quiring electrical motor an independent source The MCU is based on the control features. The per VNA port. All the Arm Cortex architecture. combined Cortex M0+ Rated at 1W sources can sweep at the To streamline software and M4-based automo - same time for measuring engineering and automo - tive MCU offerings in - with resistance forward and reverse S pa - tive software develop - clude package options rameters simultaneously. ment beyond the from 8k to 2MByte with This simultaneous traditional Autosar micro - 16 to 176 pins initially. down to 0.001 Ω sweep feature lets two- controller abstraction They are designed to port measurements be bile devices, high-speed measurements can be They are housed in a layer, the company has help simplify and speed A surface-mount power anti-lock brakes, and cli - conducted twice as fast data interconnects and achieved with a time do - 3U high chassis to fit con - introduced an automo - ISO26262 assessments metal strip resistor with a mate and battery manage - and four-port measure - system integration com - main with time gating op - ventional rack systems tive-grade software de - by applying the com - wide side terminal con - ment controls. It can also ments four times as fast, ponents. tion. In this configuration, and the short depth allows velopment kit providing pany’s Safe Assure func - struction that yields a 1W be used for industrial improving throughput in They address the S pa - the four-port model can more bench space for ca - middleware for a set of tional safety programme power rating in the 0612 controls, including down- manufacturing. rameter and time-domain conduct single-ended, bling and the DUT. drivers necessary to oper - throughout the portfolio. case size is available from hole test and measure - As well as automotive measurement require - mixed-mode and time do - They use standard lan ate the MCUs. To support broad vehicle- Vishay Intertechnology. ment equipment for oil cables, they can also be ments of a complete main reflectometry communications for ro - An open integration en - level functional safety The WSL0612 combines and gas well drilling, in - used for designing and range of passive device (TDR) measurements on bust remote control in vironment for developers and security, the MCUs its high power-to- verter controls for hvac manufacturing mobile applications. Faster fre - multiport and differential production test environ - targeting the MCUs, the incorporate a She secure footprint-size ratio with systems, and DC-DC network equipment, mo - quency and time domain devices. ments. S32 Design Studio pro - hardware extension com - resistance values down to converters for servers, vides a platform capable pliant module to help se - 0.001Ω and stable resist - VRMs for laptops, and Editor and Publisher: © 2015 Vehicle Electronics of supporting software cure communications and ance tolerances to 1.0%. Li-ion battery safety and Steve Rogerson ISSN 2055-1177 and tools. It suits all protect the integrity of The construction incor - management. [email protected] phases of development, subsystems. porates a solid metal The all-welded con - Vehicle Electronics is available to readers world - from rapid prototyping to The MCU supports nickel-chrome alloy resis - struction contributes to its Advertising Manager: wide. It will be published approximately twelve Jayne Foster production readiness and Can-FD and the Flex IO tive element with TCR electrical performance. A times a year in a digital-only format. All rights [email protected] re-use on the next project. configurable peripheral. less than 20ppm/˚C. proprietary processing reserved. No part of Vehicle Electronics may be Freescale also worked The Cortex-M4 core ar - The resistor is suitable technique produces resist - Web Site Manager: reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any with IAR Systems on chitecture includes an for current sensing and ance values from 0.001 to Martin Wilson means, electronic or mechanical, including photo - high-end development IEEE-754 compliant pulse applications, in - 0.003Ω, with tolerances [email protected] copying or recording on any information storage tools and Autosar sup - floating point unit for cluding switching and lin - of 1.0 and 5.0%. Thermal system, without the written consent of the pub - port. IAR has provided a model-based design ear power supplies, EMF is less than 3µV/˚C Published by: Vehicle Electronics Magazine, lisher. The publisher cannot be held responsible set of software tools for flows. instruments, power am - and temperature range is 72 Westwood Road, Nottingham NG2 4FS, UK for loss or damge to unsolicited press releases or developing safety appli - Sampling is planned for plifiers, and shunts in au - from -65 to +170˚C. photographs. Views of contributors and advertis - Web site: vehicle-electronics.biz cations, including a alpha customers this tomotive electronic The device is lead (Pb)- ers do not necessarily refelect the policy of Twitter: @velectronicsmag C/C++ compiler and de - quarter with general controls such as engines, free and RoHS-compli - Vehicle Electronics or those of the publisher. bugger tool chain. availability in 2016. brushless DC motors, ant. Page 39 , July 2015 Vehicle Electronics Vehicle Electronics July 2015, Page 40